How they impaled The most terrible tortures in the history of mankind (21 photos). Methods of execution at different times (16 photos)

Executions have been carried out in Rus' for a long time, in a sophisticated and painful manner. Historians to this day have not come to a consensus about the reasons for the emergence of the death penalty.

Some are inclined towards the version of the continuation of the custom of blood feud, others prefer the Byzantine influence. How did they deal with those who broke the law in Rus'? Drowning This type of execution was very common in Kievan Rus. It was usually used in cases where it was necessary to deal with big amount criminals. But there were also isolated cases. So, for example, the Kiev prince Rostislav once became angry with Gregory the Wonderworker. He ordered to tie the hands of the disobedient man, throw a rope noose around his neck, at the other end of which they fastened a heavy stone, and throw him into the water. Executed by drowning Ancient Rus' and apostates, that is, Christians. They were sewn into a bag and thrown into the water. Typically, such executions took place after battles, during which many prisoners appeared. Execution by drowning, in contrast to execution by burning, was considered the most shameful for Christians. It is interesting that centuries later the Bolsheviks, during Civil War They used drowning as reprisal against the families of the “bourgeois”, while the condemned were tied with their hands and thrown into the water.

Burning Since the 13th century, this type of execution was usually used in relation to those who violated church laws - for blasphemy against God, for unpleasing sermons, for witchcraft. She was especially loved by Ivan the Terrible, who, by the way, was very inventive in his methods of execution. For example, he came up with the idea of sewing up guilty people in bearskins and giving them to be torn to pieces by dogs or skinning a living person. In the era of Peter, execution by burning was used against counterfeiters. By the way, they were punished in another way - molten lead or tin was poured into their mouths. Burying Burying alive in the ground was usually used for husband murderers. Most often, a woman was buried up to her throat, less often - only up to her chest. Such a scene is excellently described by Tolstoy in his novel Peter the Great. Usually the place for execution was a crowded place - central square or city market. A sentry was posted next to the still-living executed criminal, who stopped any attempts to show compassion or give the woman water or some bread. However, it was not forbidden to express one’s contempt or hatred for the criminal - spitting on the head or even kicking it. And those who wished could give alms to the coffin and church candles. Typically, painful death occurred within 3–4 days, but history records a case when a certain Euphrosyne, buried on August 21, died only on September 22. Quartering During quartering, the condemned were cut off their legs, then their arms, and only then their heads. This is how, for example, Stepan Razin was executed. It was planned to take the life of Emelyan Pugachev in the same way, but they first cut off his head and then deprived him of his limbs. From the examples given, it is easy to guess that this type of execution was used for insulting the king, for an attempt on his life, for treason and imposture. It is worth noting that, unlike the Central European, for example the Parisian, crowd, which perceived the execution as a spectacle and dismantled the gallows for souvenirs, the Russian people treated the condemned with compassion and mercy.

So, during the execution of Razin, there was deathly silence in the square, broken only by rare female sobs. At the end of the procedure, people usually left in silence. Boiling Boiling in oil, water or wine was especially popular in Rus' during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. The condemned person was placed in a cauldron filled with liquid. The hands were threaded into special rings built into the cauldron. Then the cauldron was put on the fire and slowly began to heat up. As a result, the person was boiled alive. This kind of execution was used in Rus' for state traitors. However, this type looks humane in comparison with the execution called “Walking in a circle” - one of the most brutal methods used in Rus'. The condemned man's stomach was ripped open in the area of the intestines, but so that he did not die too quickly from blood loss. Then they removed the intestine, nailed one end to a tree, and forced the executed person to walk in a circle around the tree. Wheeling Wheeling became widespread in the era of Peter. The condemned person was tied to a log St. Andrew's cross fixed to the scaffold. Notches were made on the arms of the cross. The criminal was stretched out on the cross face up in such a way that each of his limbs lay on the rays, and the bends of the limbs were on the notches. The executioner used a quadrangular iron crowbar to strike one blow after another, gradually breaking the bones in the bends of the arms and legs.

The work of crying was completed with two or three precise blows to the stomach, with the help of which the spine was broken. The body of the broken criminal was connected so that the heels met the back of the head, placed on a horizontal wheel and left to die in this position. The last time such an execution was applied in Rus' was to participants in the Pugachev rebellion. Impalement Like quartering, impalement was usually applied to rebels or traitors to thieves. This is how Zarutsky, an accomplice of Marina Mnishek, was executed in 1614. During the execution, the executioner drove a stake into the person's body with a hammer, then the stake was placed vertically. The executed person gradually began to slide down under the weight of his own body. After a few hours, the stake came out through his chest or neck. Sometimes a crossbar was made on the stake, which stopped the movement of the body, preventing the stake from reaching the heart. This method significantly extended the time of painful death. Until the 18th century, impalement was a very common type of execution among the Zaporozhye Cossacks. Smaller stakes were used to punish rapists - they had a stake driven into their hearts, and also against mothers who killed children.

Evgeniy Viskov was tortured for several hours, beaten frantically, mercilessly; doctors would later say: “beaten to death.” Each of the 14 scum came up with an execution, then they argued noisily, agreed and continued. When they were exhausted, they ran over the unfortunate man with a car. Once, then in an arc... But he still did not die. At the end, someone suggested impaling the mutilated guy. And so they did. An hour later (it was at night) a belated traveler tripped over the poor fellow. He called an ambulance.

The local police, apparently, did not believe the stories of the victim and numerous witnesses, because a criminal case was opened there only on the fact of an accident.

"WHY ARE THEY DOING THIS TO MY SON?"

The village of Osipovka is nestled on the very edge of the Odessa region. It’s closer to the border with Moldova than to the regional center of Frunzovka. It seems that the local roads were forgotten immediately after the Great Patriotic War died down. The local people are mostly unfriendly and gloomy. There is mortal melancholy and hopelessness in the eyes. Somewhere here, at the intersection of two nameless streets, there is a faded bar with the simple name "Anna". Near it, on a dead July night, we crossed paths life paths 28-year-old Evgeniy and a gang of 14 over-aged thugs.

They seemed to be drunk, they started clinging to me, laughing,” recalls Evgeniy. - I told them something, non-aggressive, because I was scared. In response - a blow, then another. I fell.

His mother has been on duty near him for days in a row. The woman still cannot understand what the bastards did to her son. Where does such atrocity come from? And most importantly - for what?

Zhenya has never hurt a fly in his life,” laments Natalya Ivanovna. - How could you mock a person like that, my blood? All his ribs are broken, his head, legs, spine, and I don’t know how to say this...

Choking with sobs, the woman was unable to say that her son, to use medical terminology, “had his perineum torn with a hard, blunt object.”

THE EXECUTION WAS SEEN BY THE WHOLE VILLAGE

In Osipovka they are happy: now we have our own Oksana Makar.

Are we worse, or what? - says local resident Olga, hugging her two babies. - Now let's become famous. Otherwise, I suppose no one knew that such a village existed.

It’s scary to imagine, but many heard the unfortunate man’s pleas for mercy and the victorious cries and hoots of his tormentors that night. They woke up some, while others were still awake and, creeping up to their fence, quietly watched what was happening. And not a single person ran out to help, or even called the police.

I just then left the house,” says eyewitness Yulia Voronchuk. “Then the swearing stopped for a minute, the headlights came on. In their light, I saw the silhouette of a man sitting on the road. The engine started and the car drove towards him. He covered his face with his hands and there was a blow. The car ran into him, began to skid, and then stalled. People jumped out of the car and started swearing again. They shouted: “Because of you, you goat, they also broke the car!” They fiddled with the car for a long time, pushing it. Then they pulled the guy out from under her and beat him.

A CAR AT THE PENALTY AREA - WHAT ELSE DO YOU NEED?

The local police responded to the terrible emergency sluggishly and reluctantly. As soon as the guy came to his senses, he was interrogated. Then they walked around the farmsteads closest to the scene, talked with possible witnesses, and established the picture. And they refused to initiate a case. They didn’t see the crime. How? Why? Now they don't explain it anymore.

Senior colleagues from the region are involved in the investigation; we will not give any comments without their “good”,” they say in the Frunzovsky regional department.

When the public learned about this turn of events, a scandal erupted. Outraged people demanded that the police answer why they were allowing the bandits to commit outrages. Along with the first indignant cries, a belated criminal case appeared. True, for some reason it was due to an accident.

The owner of the car that hit the victim has been identified, the Frunzovsky district department justified. - Vehicle at the penalty area, a case has been opened...

The news of this angered the local residents even more. It is unknown how it would have ended if the Odessa Regional Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs had not intervened in the matter.

“We started our own investigation,” says the head of the department, Vladimir Shablienko. “We’ll find out why no one has been detained yet and take appropriate measures.”

FUN OR REVENGE?

In Osipovka they say: the gang has rampaged here before, and Evgeniy is not their first victim.

“These are not ours, not locals,” complains village resident Olga Orlik. - They come here from Frunzovka and neighboring Rosiyanovka. About two weeks before the attack on Zhenya, they beat up a guy here. But not so cruel - everything happened when it was still light, maybe that saved him. Complaining to the police is useless; they say they have good connections there.

Other residents of Osipovka also speak about connections between rowdy police officers. Say, from a certain Ivan B., one of that company, brother- a district police officer in the Primorsky district of Odessa, and another, minor Andrey P., has a father who works in the police. They, they say, are shielding their relatives, and at the same time everyone else.

The Internet accounts of the participants in the night massacre have already been deleted. But people’s opinions unexpectedly differed about the reasons for the attack. Relatives and friends of the victim are sure: this is a raid out of nothing to do, typical for these places.

They think that everything is allowed to them,” Zhenya’s brother Oleg is indignant. “So they roam around villages at night, catching people and mocking them. Just for fun.

However, our source in law enforcement agencies believes otherwise. In his opinion, what happened is more reminiscent of an act of intimidation or retribution on the part of an organized criminal community.

Let’s remember that it happened in a border village,” he explains. “In such places, smuggling and the shadow business associated with it are almost the only source of income for local youth. Any violent manipulation of, excuse me, the bottom is a generally accepted punishment in the criminal world. I would work on this version as well. You might be able to dig up something interesting.

VIEW FROM THE 6TH FLOOR

A world where everything is the other way around

To better understand how this could happen, you need to try to imagine a place where everything is the other way around. Where the entire school works as a laborer on the director's plantations, and the teachers give "automatic" grades for this. Where policemen with guns in their hands extort vodka in bars, and then, in a drunken stupor, shoot themselves in the head. Where small children climb into a noose out of hopelessness, but adults don’t care about this. Yes, yes, this is all about Osipovka and other downtrodden villages. To all of the above should be added poverty (a policeman with a salary of 1,600 hryvnia is considered a very wealthy person), widespread illiteracy, and the lack of universal human values: morality, compassion, mutual assistance. The resulting picture will resemble the one that reigns in the rural outback.

Some are inclined towards the version of the continuation of the custom of blood feud, others prefer the Byzantine influence. How did they deal with those who broke the law in Rus'?

Drowning

This type of execution was very common in Kievan Rus. It was usually used in cases where it was necessary to deal with a large number of criminals. But there were also isolated cases. So, for example, the Kiev prince Rostislav once became angry with Gregory the Wonderworker. He ordered to tie the hands of the disobedient man, throw a rope noose around his neck, at the other end of which they fastened a heavy stone, and throw him into the water. In Ancient Rus', apostates, that is, Christians, were also executed by drowning. They were sewn into a bag and thrown into the water. Typically, such executions took place after battles, during which many prisoners appeared. Execution by drowning, in contrast to execution by burning, was considered the most shameful for Christians. It is interesting that centuries later, during the Civil War, the Bolsheviks used drowning as reprisal against the families of the “bourgeois”, while the condemned were tied with their hands and thrown into the water.

Burning

Since the 13th century, this type of execution was usually applied to those who violated church laws - for blasphemy against God, for unpalatable sermons, for witchcraft. She was especially loved by Ivan the Terrible, who, by the way, was very inventive in his methods of execution. For example, he came up with the idea of sewing up guilty people in bearskins and giving them to be torn to pieces by dogs or skinning a living person. In the era of Peter, execution by burning was used against counterfeiters. By the way, they were punished in another way - molten lead or tin was poured into their mouths.

Burying

Burying alive in the ground was usually used for husband-killers. Most often, a woman was buried up to her throat, less often - only up to her chest. Such a scene is excellently described by Tolstoy in his novel Peter the Great. Usually the place for execution was a crowded place - the central square or city market. A sentry was posted next to the still-living executed criminal, who stopped any attempts to show compassion or give the woman water or some bread. However, it was not forbidden to express one’s contempt or hatred for the criminal - spitting on the head or even kicking it. Those who wished could also give alms for a coffin and church candles. Typically, painful death occurred within 3–4 days, but history records a case when a certain Euphrosyne, buried on August 21, died only on September 22.

Quartering

During quartering, the condemned were cut off their legs, then their arms, and only then their heads. This is how, for example, Stepan Razin was executed. It was planned to take the life of Emelyan Pugachev in the same way, but they first cut off his head and then deprived him of his limbs. From the examples given, it is easy to guess that this type of execution was used for insulting the king, for an attempt on his life, for treason and imposture. It is worth noting that, unlike the Central European, for example the Parisian, crowd, which perceived the execution as a spectacle and dismantled the gallows for souvenirs, the Russian people treated the condemned with compassion and mercy. So, during the execution of Razin, there was deathly silence in the square, broken only by rare female sobs. At the end of the procedure, people usually left in silence.

Boiling

Boiling in oil, water or wine was especially popular in Rus' during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. The condemned person was placed in a cauldron filled with liquid. The hands were threaded into special rings built into the cauldron. Then the cauldron was put on the fire and slowly began to heat up. As a result, the person was boiled alive. This kind of execution was used in Rus' for state traitors. However, this type looks humane in comparison with the execution called “Walking in a circle” - one of the most brutal methods used in Rus'. The condemned man's stomach was ripped open in the area of the intestines, but so that he did not die too quickly from blood loss. Then they removed the intestine, nailed one end to a tree, and forced the executed person to walk in a circle around the tree.

Wheeling

Wheel riding became widespread in the era of Peter. The condemned person was tied to a log St. Andrew's cross fixed to the scaffold. Notches were made on the arms of the cross. The criminal was stretched out on the cross face up in such a way that each of his limbs lay on the rays, and the bends of the limbs were on the notches. The executioner used a quadrangular iron crowbar to strike one blow after another, gradually breaking the bones in the bends of the arms and legs. The work of crying was completed with two or three precise blows to the stomach, with the help of which the spine was broken. The body of the broken criminal was connected so that the heels met the back of the head, placed on a horizontal wheel and left to die in this position. The last time such an execution was applied in Rus' was to participants in the Pugachev rebellion.

Impalement

Like quartering, impalement was usually used against rebels or traitors to thieves. This is how Zarutsky, an accomplice of Marina Mnishek, was executed in 1614. During the execution, the executioner drove a stake into the person's body with a hammer, then the stake was placed vertically. The executed person gradually began to slide down under the weight of his own body. After a few hours, the stake came out through his chest or neck. Sometimes a crossbar was made on the stake, which stopped the movement of the body, preventing the stake from reaching the heart. This method significantly extended the time of painful death. Until the 18th century, impalement was a very common type of execution among the Zaporozhye Cossacks. Smaller stakes were used to punish rapists - they had a stake driven into their hearts, and also against mothers who killed children.

Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants on Earth. Some of it Chinese varieties They can grow a whole meter in a day. Some historians believe that the deadly bamboo torture was used not only by the ancient Chinese, but also by the Japanese military during World War II.
How it works?
1) Sprouts of living bamboo are sharpened with a knife to form sharp “spears”;
2) The victim is suspended horizontally, with his back or stomach, over a bed of young pointed bamboo;
3) Bamboo quickly grows high, pierces the skin of the martyr and grows through him abdominal cavity, a person dies for a very long time and painfully.
2. Iron Maiden

Like torture with bamboo, the “iron maiden” is considered by many researchers to be a terrible legend. Perhaps these metal sarcophagi with sharp spikes inside only frightened the people under investigation, after which they confessed to anything. The "Iron Maiden" was invented at the end of the 18th century, i.e. already at the end of the Catholic Inquisition.
How it works?
1) The victim is stuffed into the sarcophagus and the door is closed;
2) The spikes driven into the inner walls of the “iron maiden” are quite short and do not pierce the victim, but only cause pain. The investigator, as a rule, receives a confession in a matter of minutes, which the arrested person only has to sign;
3) If the prisoner shows fortitude and continues to remain silent, long nails, knives and rapiers are pushed through special holes in the sarcophagus. The pain becomes simply unbearable;
4) The victim never admits to what he did, then she was locked in a sarcophagus for long time, where she died from loss of blood;
5) Some models of the “iron maiden” were provided with spikes at eye level in order to quickly poke them out.
3. Skafism
The name of this torture comes from the Greek “scaphium”, which means “trough”. Scaphism was popular in ancient Persia. During the torture, the victim, most often a prisoner of war, was devoured alive by various insects and their larvae who were partial to human flesh and blood.
How it works?
1) The prisoner is placed in a shallow trough and wrapped in chains.
2) He is force-fed large quantities of milk and honey, which causes the victim to have profuse diarrhea, which attracts insects.
3) The prisoner, having shit himself and smeared with honey, is allowed to float in a trough in a swamp, where there are many hungry creatures.
4) The insects immediately begin their meal, with the living flesh of the martyr as the main dish.
4. The Terrible Pear

“The pear is lying there - you can’t eat it,” it is said about the medieval European weapon for “educating” blasphemers, liars, women who gave birth out of wedlock, and gay men. Depending on the crime, the torturer thrust the pear into the sinner's mouth, anus or vagina.
How it works?
1) A tool consisting of pointed pear-shaped leaf-shaped segments is inserted into the client’s correct hole bodies;
2) The executioner little by little turns the screw on the top of the pear, while the “leaves” segments bloom inside the martyr, causing hellish pain;
3) After the pear is completely opened, the offender receives internal injuries incompatible with life and dies in terrible agony, if he has not already fallen into unconsciousness.
5. Copper Bull

The design of this death unit was developed by the ancient Greeks, or, to be more precise, by the coppersmith Perillus, who sold his terrible bull to the Sicilian tyrant Phalaris, who simply loved to torture and kill people in unusual ways.
A living person was pushed inside the copper statue through a special door.
So
Phalaris first tested the unit on its creator, the greedy Perilla. Subsequently, Phalaris himself was roasted in a bull.
How it works?
1) The victim is closed in a hollow copper statue of a bull;
2) A fire is lit under the bull’s belly;
3) The victim is fried alive, like a ham in a frying pan;
4) The structure of the bull is such that the cries of the martyr come from the mouth of the statue, like a bull’s roar;
5) Jewelry and amulets were made from the bones of the executed, which were sold at bazaars and were in great demand..
6. Torture by rats

Torture by rats was very popular in ancient China. However, we will look at the rat punishment technique developed by 16th century Dutch Revolution leader Diedrick Sonoy.
How it works?
1) The stripped naked martyr is placed on a table and tied;
2) Large, heavy cages with hungry rats are placed on the prisoner’s stomach and chest. The bottom of the cells is opened using a special valve;
3) Hot coals are placed on top of the cages to stir up the rats;
4) Trying to escape the heat of hot coals, rats gnaw their way through the flesh of the victim.
7. Cradle of Judas

The Judas Cradle was one of the most torturous torture machines in the arsenal of the Suprema - the Spanish Inquisition. Victims usually died from infection, as a result of the fact that the pointed seat of the torture machine was never disinfected. The Cradle of Judas, as an instrument of torture, was considered “loyal” because it did not break bones or tear ligaments.
How it works?
1) The victim, whose hands and feet are tied, is seated on the top of a pointed pyramid;
2) The top of the pyramid is thrust into the anus or vagina;
3) Using ropes, the victim is gradually lowered lower and lower;
4) The torture continues for several hours or even days until the victim dies from powerlessness and pain, or from blood loss due to rupture of soft tissues.
8. Trampling by elephants

For several centuries, this execution was practiced in India and Indochina. An elephant is very easy to train and teaching it to trample a guilty victim with its huge feet is a matter of just a few days.
How it works?
1. The victim is tied to the floor;
2. A trained elephant is brought into the hall to crush the martyr’s head;
3. Sometimes before the “head test,” animals crush the victims’ arms and legs in order to amuse the audience.
9. Rack

Probably the most famous and unrivaled death machine of its kind called the “rack”. It was first tested around 300 AD. on Christian martyr Vincent from Zaragoza.
Anyone who survived the rack could no longer use their muscles and became a helpless vegetable.
How it works?
1. This instrument of torture is a special bed with rollers at both ends, around which ropes are wound to hold the victim’s wrists and ankles. As the rollers rotated, the ropes pulled in opposite directions, stretching the body;
2. Ligaments in the victim’s arms and legs are stretched and torn, bones pop out of their joints.
3. Another version of the rack was also used, called strappado: it consisted of 2 pillars dug into the ground and connected by a crossbar. The interrogated person's hands were tied behind his back and lifted by a rope tied to his hands. Sometimes a log or other weights were attached to his bound legs. At the same time, the arms of the person raised on the rack were turned back and often came out of their joints, so that the convict had to hang on his outstretched arms. They were on the rack from several minutes to an hour or more. This type of rack was used most often in Western Europe
4. In Russia, a suspect raised on the rack was beaten on the back with a whip and “put to the fire,” that is, burning brooms were passed over the body.
5. In some cases, the executioner broke the ribs of a man hanging on a rack with red-hot pincers.
10. Paraffin in the bladder
A savage form of torture, the exact use of which has not been established.
How it works?
1. Candle paraffin was rolled out by hand into a thin sausage, which urethra administered orally;
2. Paraffin slipped into the bladder, where solid salts and other nasty things began to settle on it.
3. Soon the victim began to have kidney problems and died from acute renal failure. On average, death occurred within 3-4 days.
11. Shiri (camel cap)
A monstrous fate awaited those whom the Ruanzhuans (a union of nomadic Turkic-speaking peoples) took into slavery. They destroyed the slave's memory terrible torture- putting a shiri on the victim’s head. Usually this fate befell young men captured in battle.
How it works?
1. First, the slaves' heads were shaved bald, and every hair was carefully scraped out at the root.
2. The executors slaughtered the camel and skinned its carcass, first of all, separating its heaviest, dense nuchal part.
3. Having divided the neck into pieces, they immediately pulled it in pairs over the shaved heads of the prisoners. These pieces stuck to the heads of the slaves like a plaster. This meant putting on the shiri.
4. After putting on the shiri, the neck of the doomed person was chained in a special wooden block so that the subject could not touch his head to the ground. In this form they were taken away from crowded places, so that no one would hear their heartbreaking screams, and thrown there in an open field, with hands tied and feet, in the sun, without water and without food.
5. The torture lasted 5 days.
6. Only a few remained alive, and the rest died not from hunger or even from thirst, but from unbearable, inhuman torment caused by drying, shrinking rawhide camel skin on the head. Inexorably shrinking under the rays of the scorching sun, the width squeezed and squeezed the slave's shaved head like an iron hoop. Already on the second day, the shaved hair of the martyrs began to sprout. Coarse and straight Asian hair sometimes grew into the rawhide; in most cases, finding no way out, the hair curled and went back into the scalp, causing even greater suffering. Within a day the man lost his mind. Only on the fifth day did the Ruanzhuans come to check whether any of the prisoners had survived. If at least one of the tortured people was found alive, it was considered that the goal had been achieved. .
7. Anyone who underwent such a procedure either died, unable to withstand the torture, or lost his memory for life, turned into a mankurt - a slave who does not remember his past.
8. The skin of one camel was enough for five or six widths.
12. Implantation of metals
A very strange means of torture and execution was used in the Middle Ages.
How it works?
1. A deep incision was made on a person’s legs, where a piece of metal (iron, lead, etc.) was placed, after which the wound was stitched up.
2. Over time, the metal oxidized, poisoning the body and causing terrible pain.
3. Most often, the poor people tore the skin in the place where the metal was sewn up and died from blood loss.
13. Dividing a person into two parts
This terrible execution originated in Thailand. The most hardened criminals were subjected to it - mostly murderers.
How it works?
1. The accused is placed in a robe woven from vines and stabbed with sharp objects;
2. After this, his body is quickly cut into two parts, the upper half is immediately placed on a red-hot copper grate; This operation stops the bleeding and prolongs the life of most people.
A small addition: This torture is described in the book of the Marquis de Sade “Justine, or the successes of vice.” This is a small excerpt from a large piece of text where de Sade allegedly describes the torture of the peoples of the world. But why supposedly? According to many critics, the Marquis was very fond of lying. He had an extraordinary imagination and a couple of delusions, so this torture, like some others, could have been a figment of his imagination. But this field should not refer to Donatien Alphonse as Baron Munchausen. This torture, in my opinion, if it did not exist before, is quite realistic. If, of course, the person is pumped up with painkillers (opiates, alcohol, etc.) before this, so that he does not die before his body touches the bars.
14. Inflating with air through the anus
A terrible torture in which a person is pumped with air through the anus.
There is evidence that in Rus' even Peter the Great himself sinned with this.
Most often, thieves were executed this way.
How it works?
1. The victim was tied hand and foot.
2. Then they took cotton and stuffed it into the poor man’s ears, nose and mouth.
3. Bellows were inserted into his anus, with the help of which a huge amount of air was pumped into the person, as a result of which he became like a balloon.
3. After that, I plugged his anus with a piece of cotton.
4. Then they opened two veins above his eyebrows, from which all the blood flowed out under enormous pressure.
5. Sometimes a bound person was placed naked on the roof of the palace and shot with arrows until he died.
6. Until 1970, this method was often used in Jordanian prisons.
15. Polledro
Neapolitan executioners lovingly called this torture “polledro” - “foal” (polledro) and were proud that it was first used in their hometown. Although history has not preserved the name of its inventor, they said that he was an expert in horse breeding and came up with an unusual device to tame his horses.
Only a few decades later, lovers of making fun of people turned the horse breeder’s device into a real torture machine for people.
The machine was wooden frame, similar to a ladder, the crossbars of which were very sharp corners, so that when a person is placed with his back on them, they cut into the body from the back of the head to the heels. The staircase ended in a huge wooden spoon, into which they put their heads, like a cap.
How it works?
1. Holes were drilled on both sides of the frame and in the “cap”, and ropes were threaded into each of them. The first of them was tightened on the forehead of the tortured, the last tied the big toes. As a rule, there were thirteen ropes, but for those who were especially stubborn, the number was increased.
2. Special devices the ropes were pulled tighter and tighter - it seemed to the victims that, having crushed the muscles, they were digging into the bones.
16. Dead Man's Bed (modern China)

The Chinese Communist Party uses the “dead man’s bed” torture mainly on those prisoners who try to protest against illegal imprisonment through a hunger strike. In most cases, these are prisoners of conscience, imprisoned for their beliefs.
How it works?
1. The arms and legs of a stripped prisoner are tied to the corners of the bed, which instead of a mattress wooden plank with a hole cut out. A bucket for excrement is placed under the hole. Often, a person’s body is tied tightly to the bed with ropes so that he cannot move at all. A person remains in this position continuously for several days to weeks.
2. In some prisons, such as Shenyang City No. 2 Prison and Jilin City Prison, police also place a hard object under the victim's back to intensify the suffering.
3. It also happens that the bed is placed vertically and the person hangs for 3-4 days, stretched out by his limbs.
4. Added to this torment is force feeding, which is carried out using a tube inserted through the nose into the esophagus, into which liquid food is poured.
5. This procedure is performed mainly by prisoners on the orders of the guards, and not by medical workers. They do this very rudely and unprofessionally, often causing serious damage to a person’s internal organs.
6. Those who have gone through this torture say that it causes displacement of the vertebrae, joints of the arms and legs, as well as numbness and blackening of the limbs, which often leads to disability.
17. Yoke (Modern China)

One of the medieval tortures used in modern Chinese prisons is the wearing of a wooden collar. It is placed on a prisoner, causing him to be unable to walk or stand normally.
The clamp is a board from 50 to 80 cm in length, from 30 to 50 cm in width and 10 – 15 cm in thickness. In the middle of the clamp there are two holes for the legs.
The victim, who is wearing a collar, has difficulty moving, must crawl into bed and usually must sit or lie down because vertical position causes pain and leads to leg injury. Without outside help a person with a collar cannot go to eat or go to the toilet. When a person gets out of bed, the collar not only puts pressure on the legs and heels, causing pain, but its edge clings to the bed and prevents the person from returning to it. At night the prisoner is unable to turn around, and in winter time a short blanket does not cover your legs.
An even worse form of this torture is called “crawling with a wooden clamp.” The guards put a collar on the man and order him to crawl on the concrete floor. If he stops, he is hit on the back with a police baton. An hour later, his fingers, toenails and knees are bleeding profusely, while his back is covered in wounds from the blows.
18. Impalement

A terrible, savage execution that came from the East.
The essence of this execution was that a person was laid on his stomach, one sat on him to prevent him from moving, the other held him by the neck. A stake was inserted into the person's anus, which was then driven in with a mallet; then they drove a stake into the ground. The weight of the body forced the stake to go deeper and deeper and finally it came out under the armpit or between the ribs.
19. Spanish water torture

In order to the best way to carry out the procedure of this torture, the accused was placed on one of the types of racks or on a special big table with a rising middle part. After the victim's arms and legs were tied to the edges of the table, the executioner began work in one of several ways. One of these methods involved forcing the victim, using a funnel, to swallow a large number of water, then they hit the swollen and arched belly. Another form involved placing a cloth tube down the victim's throat through which water was slowly poured, causing the victim to swell and suffocate. If this was not enough, the tube was pulled out, causing internal damage, and then inserted again and the process repeated. Sometimes torture was used cold water. In this case, the accused lay naked on a table under a stream of ice water for hours. It is interesting to note that this type of torture was considered light, and the court accepted confessions obtained in this way as voluntary and given by the defendant without the use of torture. Most often, these tortures were used by the Spanish Inquisition in order to extract confessions from heretics and witches.
20. Chinese water torture
The man was seated in a very cold room, they tied him so that he could not move his head, and in complete darkness they very slowly dripped cold water onto his forehead. After a few days the person froze or went crazy.
21. Spanish armchair

This instrument of torture was widely used by the executioners of the Spanish Inquisition and was a chair made of iron, on which the prisoner was seated, and his legs were placed in stocks attached to the legs of the chair. When he found himself in such a completely helpless position, a brazier was placed under his feet; with hot coals, so that the legs began to slowly fry, and in order to prolong the suffering of the poor fellow, the legs were poured with oil from time to time.
Another version of the Spanish chair was often used, which was a metal throne to which the victim was tied and a fire was lit under the seat, roasting the buttocks. The famous poisoner La Voisin was tortured on such a chair during the famous Poisoning Case in France.
22. GRIDIRON (Grid for torture by fire)

Torture of Saint Lawrence on the gridiron.
This type of torture is often mentioned in the lives of saints - real and fictitious, but there is no evidence that the gridiron “survived” until the Middle Ages and had even a small circulation in Europe. It is usually described as ordinary metal grill 6 feet long and two and a half feet wide, mounted horizontally on legs to allow a fire to be built underneath.
Sometimes the gridiron was made in the form of a rack in order to be able to resort to combined torture.
Saint Lawrence was martyred on a similar grid.
This torture was used very rarely. Firstly, it was quite easy to kill the person being interrogated, and secondly, there were a lot of simpler, but no less cruel tortures.
23. Pectoral

In ancient times, a pectoral was a female breast decoration in the form of a pair of carved gold or silver bowls, often sprinkled with precious stones. It was worn like a modern bra and secured with chains.
In a mocking analogy with this decoration, the savage instrument of torture used by the Venetian Inquisition was named.
In 1985, the pectoral was heated red-hot and, taking it with tongs, they put it on the tortured woman’s chest and held it until she confessed. If the accused persisted, the executioners heated up the pectoral again cooled by the living body and continued the interrogation.
Very often, after this barbaric torture, charred, torn holes were left in place of the woman’s breasts.
24. Tickle torture

This seemingly harmless effect was a terrible torture. With prolonged tickling, a person's nerve conduction increased so much that even the lightest touch initially caused twitching, laughter, and then turned into terrible pain. If such torture was continued for quite a long time, then after a while spasms of the respiratory muscles occurred and, in the end, the tortured person died from suffocation.
At the most simple version torture: sensitive areas were tickled by the interrogated, either simply with their hands, or with hair brushes or brushes. Stiff bird feathers were popular. Usually they tickled under the armpits, heels, nipples, inguinal folds, genitals, and women also under the breasts.
In addition, torture was often carried out using animals that licked some tasty substance from the heels of the interrogated person. The goat was very often used, since its very hard tongue, adapted for eating grass, caused very strong irritation.
There was also a type of tickling torture using a beetle, most common in India. With it, a small bug was placed on the head of a man's penis or on a woman's nipple and covered with half a nut shell. After some time, the tickling caused by the movement of insect legs on a living body became so unbearable that the interrogated person confessed to anything
25. Crocodile

These tubular metal crocodile pliers were red-hot and used to tear the penis of the person being tortured. First, with a few caressing movements (often made by women), or with a tight bandage, a persistent, hard erection was achieved and then the torture began
26. Tooth crusher

These serrated iron tongs were used to slowly crush the testicles of the interrogated person.
Something similar was widely used in Stalinist and fascist prisons.
27. Creepy tradition.

Actually, this is not torture, but an African ritual, but, in my opinion, it is very cruel. Girls aged 3-6 years old simply had their external genitalia scraped out without anesthesia.
Thus, the girl did not lose the ability to have children, but was forever deprived of the opportunity to experience sexual desire and pleasure. This ritual is done “for the benefit” of women, so that they will never be tempted to cheat on their husbands
28. Bloody Eagle

One of the most ancient tortures, during which the victim was tied face down and his back was opened, his ribs were broken off at the spine and spread apart like wings. Scandinavian legends claim that during such an execution, the wounds of the victim were sprinkled with salt.
Many historians claim that this torture was used by pagans against Christians, others are sure that spouses caught in treason were punished in this way, and still others claim that the bloody eagle is just a terrible legend.

Some are inclined towards the version of the continuation of the custom of blood feud, others prefer the Byzantine influence. How did they deal with those who broke the law in Rus'?