S. 2 - scales for weighing mass with a weighing limit of at least 2 kg with a calibration division value of no more than 5 g - in accordance with GOST 29329; - a drying cabinet with a temperature control range in the working chamber from 50 "C to 150" C. permissible temperature fluctuations ±2 *С; - fluorescent lamps: - thermometers with a scale from 0 "C to 40 "C according to GOST 28498: - seed counter-distributor; - sand markers; - tampers; - scoops: - spatulas; - tweezers; - dissecting needles; - sockets; - quartz sand with particle size from 0.5 to 2 mm; - filter paper according to GOST 12026; - tap water according to GOST 2X74*; - distilled water according to GOST 6709: - boiled water; - potassium nitrate according to GOST 4217; - potassium permanganate according to GOST 20490; - gibberellin; - ethyl alcohol 95% according to GOST 5963*4 - absorbent cotton wool according to GOST 5556; - succinic acid according to GOST 6341; - sulfuric acid according to GOST 4204. (Amendments. IUS 7-86, 10-88). 3. PREPARATION FOR ANALYSIS 3.1. Thermostats are washed hot water with detergents and disinfected with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate or alcohol every 10 days. Once a month, thermostats are disinfected with alcohol. Place a tray with water in the working chamber of the thermostat. 3.2. Before each analysis, devices such as Jacobsen apparatuses are washed with hot water and detergents, disinfected with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate or alcohol (disinfected with alcohol once a month), and then rinsed and filled with tap water. 3.3. Planters, Petri and Koch dishes, vessels for germination of seeds in rolls, used for preparing the bed, are washed with hot water and detergents, rinsed with a 1% solution of potassium permanganate, and then with water. When germinating seeds on a bed of filter paper, the dishes are disinfected with alcohol before use. Petri and Koch dishes can be sterilized in drying cabinet at a temperature of 130 "C for 1 hour or by boiling in water for 40 minutes. 3.4. The sand is washed, dried, calcined until the strips of paper placed in it are charred and sifted. When reused, the sand must be washed again, calcined and sifted. After rinsing pickled seeds, reuse of sand is not allowed. different places containers with sand, point samples are taken, of which an average sample weighing about 2 kg is made. A circle of moistened filter paper with a diameter of about 8 cm is placed at the bottom of the cylinder and weighed. Then the cylinder is filled to 1/4 with sand taken from the average sample and weighed again. The cylinder is placed in a vessel with water so that the water is at the level of the sand. When the water wets the surface of the sand, the cylinder is removed from the vessel and allowed to drain excess water, blot it from the bottom and sides with filter paper and weigh it. "In the territory Russian Federation GOST R S1232-1)8 is valid. "GOST R 51723-2001 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation. 3-1-2Я2 3 3

P. 3 GOST 12038-84 Weight capacity (A) is calculated in milliliters per 100 g of sand according to the formula NU op, - t.) A = -:- (“g, -l”) where m is the mass of the cylinder with a circle of moistened filter paper , G; /n, mass of a cylinder with dry sand, g; /i, is the mass of the cylinder with moistened sand, g. Example. The mass of a cylinder with a circle of moistened filter paper is 1X7 g. The mass of a cylinder with dry sand is 1823 g. The mass of a cylinder with moistened sand is 2232 g. Substituting these data into the formula, we get: 100 (2232-1823) 100 - 409 3 D 1 - -- = 25 cm 1823-187 1636 If 25 cm* of water is needed for every 100 g of sand to moisten sand to its full moisture capacity, then to moisten it, for example, by 60% of the full moisture capacity. required 25-60 -= 15 cm. 100 II r i m c h a n i s. It is allowed to use a cylinder with other metrological characteristics that do not violate the accuracy of the method to determine the moisture capacity of sand. If sand does not spill out through the mesh bottom of the cylinder, do not place a circle of moistened felt paper on the bottom. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 2; Amendment, IUS 10-88). 3.6. Sand and cut filter paper are moistened immediately before laying out the seeds for germination. The filter paper is moistened by dipping it in water and then allowing the excess water to drain off. The sand is moistened depending on the crop being germinated: for rice seeds - up to its full moisture capacity, for legume seeds - by 80%, and for seeds of other crops - by 60% of its full moisture capacity. 3.7. And the moistened substrate is prepared for germination in accordance with the conditions established for each crop, specified in column 2 of Appendices 1, 2. Using a spreader counter, manually, or manually under a marker, seeds are placed on the bed at a distance of at least 0.5-1.5 cm from each other. each depending on their size. A label indicating the registration number of the average sample is placed on each seed sample. number of the germinated sample (replicate), dates of recording germination energy and germination. 3.8. Preparation for germination of seeds using felted paper 3.8.1. Germination of seeds on paper (NS) Seeds are laid out on two or three layers of moistened paper in Petri, Koch dishes or apparatus such as a Jacobsen apparatus. Seeds of medicinal crops can be germinated in pots on 4-5 layers of moistened paper. 3.8.2. Germination of seeds between paper (MB) Seeds are laid out in pots between layers of moistened filter paper: two or three layers at the bottom of the pot, one layer covers the seeds. 3.8.3. Germination of seeds in rolls (P) First method. On two layers of moistened paper measuring 10x100 cm (±2 cm), one sample of seeds is laid out with the embryos down along a line drawn at a distance of 2-3 cm from the upper edge of the sheet. Seeds o round shape laid out without embryo orientation. The seeds are covered on top with a strip of moistened paper of the same size, then the strips are loosely rolled into a roll and placed in a vertical position in the planter. The second method (for sunflower, soybeans, castor beans). A sheet of paper measuring 40x50 cm (±2 cm) is folded in half in width and moistened. To germinate castor bean seeds, use an additional insert measuring 20x50 cm (±2 cm). Bend half of the moistened leaf, and on the other half lay out a sample of seeds at a distance of 2-2.5 cm from the upper edge of the leaf and below at a distance of 6.5-7 cm from the bent side of the leaf (castor seeds on a bed of two sheets), placing them in four rows in a checkerboard pattern. The seeds are covered with the bent half of the leaf, the roll is rolled up and placed vertically in a vessel, which is covered, leaving a small hole for ventilation. Each sunflower and soybean sample is laid out in two rolls - 50 pieces each. 3.8.4. Germination of seeds corrugated paper(D) Two layers of paper 100-105 cm long and 12 cm wide are corrugated like this. to make it 60

GOST 12038-84 P. 4 24-25 folds with a tooth height of 20-22 mm. The paper corrugated in this way is moistened, placed in a planter and 4-5 seeds are laid out in each fold. 3.8.5. It is allowed to germinate seeds of oats, barley, wheat and rye between paper with a constant supply of water (MB)4. About 70 cm4 of water is poured into the plant, a II-shaped insert (made of plastic or stainless metal) 15 mm high is placed in it, on which one or two layers of moistened paper are placed so that the narrow edge of the leaf is lowered into the water, and the seeds are laid out. Then take a glass, plastic or metal sealing plate weighing 115-150 g, place a sheet of moistened paper on it and cover the seeds with it, leaving holes 1-2 mm wide for ventilation. 3.8.6. Germination of anise, clary sage, caraway, and fennel seeds should be carried out with a constant supply of water between layers of filter paper (MB4). 3.9. Preparation for germination of seeds on a bed of sand 3.9.1. Germination of seeds on sand (NP> Plants on U, their heights are filled with moistened sand and leveled. Then the seeds are laid out and pressed into the sand with a tamper to a depth equal to their thickness. 3.9.2. Germination of seeds in sand (B11) Plants on "/, their heights are filled with moistened sand, leveled. After laying out, the seeds are pressed into the sand with a tamper and covered with a 0.5 cm layer of moistened sand. The plants can be placed on top of each other. The top plant in each stack is covered with glass or an empty plant. 4. ANALYSIS 4.1. Seeds are germinated under the conditions provided for in Appendices 1. 2. 4.2. The thermostats should be maintained at the set temperature, checking it three times a day morning, mid-day and evening: it should not deviate by more than ±2 "C. 4.2.1. Germination of seeds at variable temperatures 20 * C - 30 C. 20 "C -35 "C should be dried by switching the thermostat from low temperature to high or from high to low. For seeds germinated at other variable temperatures, and for seeds medicinal plants in any case, a sharp change in temperature is required - transferring seeds from one thermostat to another. If variable temperatures are not controlled on weekends, seeds (except sunflower seeds) should be germinated at the lower of the two temperatures specified in Appendices 1. 2. 4.3. The moisture content of the bed should be checked daily, if necessary, moisten it with water at room temperature, avoiding overmoistening. 4.4. Maintain the water level in devices such as a Jacobsen apparatus below the bed by 1.5-2.0 cm. 4.5. When germinating seeds in the light, it is necessary to provide them with illumination for at least 8 hours a day with an intensity of at least 250 lux; for seeds in a dormant state, 750-1250 lux. Seeds germinated at variable temperatures should be illuminated during germination at high temperature. 4.6. It is necessary to ensure constant ventilation in thermostats. The lids of the Petri dishes should be opened slightly for a few seconds every day. Koha. 4.7. The water in the pan at the bottom of the thermostat should be changed every 3-5 days. 4.8. The assessment and accounting of sprouted seeds when determining germination energy and germination is carried out within the time limits specified in Appendices I and 2. In this case, the day of planting seeds for germination and the day of calculating germination energy or germination are counted as one day. If all the seeds have germinated (completely or including rotten ones) before the established period, then the final period for recording germination can be reduced, and if the seedlings are insufficiently developed, it can be extended to 3 days with a note about this in the issued document. For crops with a germination period of more than 10 days, an intermediate count of sprouted seeds is carried out between determinations of germination energy and germination. With intensive development of seedlings, it is allowed to carry out a preliminary count of sprouted seeds before the time for recording the germination energy. 4.9. Normally germinated seeds are considered germinating; in forage legumes, vetch and lupine, hard seeds are also considered germinating. 3-1* 35

P. 5 GOST 12038-84 4.10. When taking into account germination energy, only normally germinated and clearly sown seeds are counted and removed, and when germination is taken into account, normally germinated and swollen seeds are counted separately. hard, rotten and abnormally sprouted seeds. 4.11. Normally germinated seeds include seeds that have: - well-developed roots (or the main germinal root), having a healthy appearance; - well-developed and intact subcotyledonous knee (hypocotyl) and epicotyledonous knee (epicotyl) with a normal apical bud; - two cotyledons - in dicotyledons; - primary leaves, occupying at least half the length of the coleoptile, in cereals. 4.12. In crops whose seeds germinate with several embryonic roots (for example, wheat, rye, triticale, barley, oats), normally germinated seeds include seeds that have at least two normally developed roots larger than the length of the seed and a sprout measuring at least half its length with visible primary leaflets occupying at least half the length of the coleoptile. In barley and oats, the length of the sprout is taken into account by the part of it that extends beyond the flower scales. 4.13. In crops whose seeds germinate with one root (for example, peas, corn, millet, cabbage, etc.), normally germinated seeds are those that have a developed main germinal root larger than the length of the seed and a formed sprout. Moreover, in crops belonging to dicotyledonous plants, in addition to medicinal plants, the sprout must have cotyledons and a well-developed intact hypocotyl (in species that bring the cotyledons to the surface) or an epicotyl with a normal apical bud (in species that do not bring the cotyledons to the surface), and in belonging to monocots - the sprout must be at least half the length of the seed and have primary leaves visible in the coleoptine. In normally germinated sunflower and castor bean seeds, in addition, the cotyledons should be easily freed from the fruit and seed coats. 4.14. Normally germinated seeds also include seedlings with minor defects: - with minor superficial damage to the main organs of the seedling, not affecting the conductive tissues; - with a damaged main germinal root, but with sufficiently developed several adventitious or lateral roots in corn, sunflower, all types of malvaceae, pumpkin and large-seeded legumes; - with one cotyledon or minor (no more than "/3) damage to the upper parts of both cotyledons, without damage to the apical bud in dicotyledonous plants; - with normally developed organs, but rotten in places of contact with diseased seedlings or seeds (secondary infection). Note: If secondary infection is in doubt, the analysis is repeated. 4.15. Ungerminated seeds include: - swollen seeds that have not sprouted by the time of final recording of germination, but have a healthy appearance and are not crushed when pressed with tweezers, and such seeds of perennial leguminous grasses (without fruit shells), in which healthy cotyledons are squeezed out: - hard seeds , which by the established period for determining germination have not swollen or changed appearance. 4.16. Non-germinating seeds include: - rotten seeds with soft decomposed endosperm, blackened or rotten embryo and seedlings with partially or completely rotten roots, cotyledons, bud, gonpocotyl, epicotyl; - abnormally germinated seeds that have one of the following disorders in the development of seedlings: there are no germinal roots or they are less than the established norm, or they are short, have stopped growing, weak, spirally twisted, watery; the main embryonic root is shortened, with swellings, stopped growing, long filiform, spindle-shaped, has a longitudinal crack or damage affecting the conducting tissues, watery, bifurcated, double (in hemp), segmented (for example, in sunflower, castor bean); coleoptile empty, has a crack, shorter than the leaves, deformed, absent: primary leaves occupy less than half of the coleoptile or are discolored, crushed or 36

GOST 12038-84 P. 6 longitudinally split, fusiform, watery, usually with short or stopped growing germinal roots; the kidney is missing or rotten; the hypocotyl is short and thickened, twisted, curved, watery, segmented, constricted or with an open fissure affecting the conducting tissues; the epicotyl is short and thickened, twisted, constricted, with an open fissure affecting the conducting tissues; both cotyledons are lost by more than 1/2, or completely, abnormally enlarged with a shortened knee; the cotyledon of an onion without a pronounced “knee” is poorly developed. 4.17. When determining the germination energy and germination of seeds, the damage to seeds by mold fungi is also taken into account. The average percentage of affected seeds is determined visually using four samples and establishing the degree of damage in accordance with Table 1. 4.18. Methods for treating freshly harvested and dormant seeds to remove dormancy (column 7 of Appendices 1 and 2) 4.1X. 1. 11 pre-cooling Seeds placed on a moistened bed are kept at a low temperature (from 5 "C to! 0" C) for the time specified to take into account the germination energy, and then transfer them to the temperature conditions provided for in column 3 of Appendix 1. The germination energy in this case is determined 2 days later, established to determine this indicator, or within the period specified in column 7 of Appendix 1. If on the day of recording germination there are still swollen seeds on the bed, then the germination period is extended to 3 days. 4.18.2. Pre-heating Dry seeds intended for germination are heated in open bottles and in Petri dishes for 5-7 days at a temperature of 30 * C - 40 C. Then the seeds are germinated using the usual methods adopted in this standard for the corresponding crop. 4.18.3. Preliminary washing of seeds Before germination, seeds are washed with water at room temperature for 2-3 minutes. "Then the seeds are dried with filter paper. The washed and dried neck seeds are germinated using the usual methods. 4.18.4 Treatment of seeds with a solution of potassium nitrate The bed for seed germination is moistened with a 0.2% aqueous solution of potassium nitrate. When the bed dries out during the germination period, it is moistened with water 4.18.5. Treatment of seeds with a solution of gibberellin (GA) The bed for germination of seeds is moistened with an aqueous solution of gibberellin containing, depending on the dormant state of the seeds, from 200 to 1000 mg of gibberellin in 1 dm1.To prepare a solution of the required concentration, the corresponding amount of gibberellin is dissolved in 2 5 cm of alcohol, and then add distilled water. 4.18.6. Germination at low temperatures Seeds are germinated at a constant low temperature of 10; 15 "C. In case of slow germination, the period for recording the energy of germination and germination should be extended beyond the established one to 5 days. 4.18.7. Germination in the light - according to clause 4.5. 4.19. Features of determining the germination of seeds of individual crops 4.9.1. Grain crops To determine germination of spelled seeds is counted in a row by spikelets and individual grains. The spikelets are laid for germination without freeing the grains from the films. Germination energy and germination are determined by the number of sprouted spikelets and individual grains. Table I Seeds covered with mold fmb. *¥> Weak Average Strong Up to 5 Up 2 Volss 25 1-2- 2512 59

P. 7 GOST 12038-84 For better development of seedlings, oat and barley seeds, after pressing into sand, are covered with a sealing plate (glass, plastic, metal) weighing 115-150 g. The surface of the sand should be well leveled, and the plate should be pressed with some force. When germinating oat seeds, a double grain of oat is counted as one seed. For rye seeds. wheat, barley, oats, after preheating, germination conditions with pre-cooling can be used. Before laying for germination, rice seeds are soaked for 24 hours in water at a temperature of 20 °C. Corn seeds are laid out manually with the germ down and pressed into the sand with a tamper to a depth equal to their length; corn seeds are also laid out with the germ down when germinating in rolls. 4.19. 2. Industrial crops When determining germination, a double fruit of coriander and sunflower is counted as one. Seeds of anise, clary sage, caraway, fennel are germinated between layers of filter paper with a constant supply of water. Sunflower seeds, when sown on sand, are planted with the sharp end down, and castor bean seeds - caruncle down and pressed to a depth equal to their length. The seeds of these crops are also laid out during germination in rolls of filter paper. Peanut seeds are cleaned of the fruit shell before sowing. 4.19.3. Vegetable crops Samples GOST 12037. Then from separate fractions into each a sample is taken of the number of glomeruli that corresponds to the percentage of isolated fractions in the sample. In beets, a preliminary count of sprouted seeds is carried out on the third day. Germination is considered to be glomeruli in which at least one seed has germinated normally. The number of ungerminated glomeruli is recorded in the column of the work card “Ungerminated seeds remaining.” The uniformity of beet seeds is determined according to GOST 22617.2. Germination of coated seeds of onions, cabbage, beets, carrots, tomatoes and chicory is carried out in pots on corrugated paper, moistened with water in an amount equal to the total weight of the paper and 100 pieces sown on it. dragee. Sowing is carried out 5-10 minutes after moistening. When selecting samples for analysis, double seeds of carrots, celery, parsley, dill and other umbelliferae, of which one seed is normal and the other puny, are counted as one. If both seeds are fulfilled in double seeds, then they are counted as two and separated. The fused spinach fruits are also separated. If germination is poor, fodder watermelon seeds are pre-soaked for 3 days in water poured 1 cm above the seed layer. When sown on sand, the seeds of watermelon, zucchini, and pumpkin are laid out by hand with the embryo down and pressed into the sand with a tamper to a depth equal to their length. When germinating in rolls, watermelon seeds are laid out with the embryo facing down. Seeds of the steppe katran are planted for germination, peeled from the fruit membrane (pericarp). The shell of the fruit-pod is removed from dry seeds. Before germination, filter paper is moistened with a 0.005% aqueous solution of gibberellin (50 mg per 1 dm). During the entire germination period, moisten the bed with the same solution, keeping it in the refrigerator at 10 "C. Katran seeds are germinated in the dark. Germination temperature on the 1st day is 20 or 25 "C, the rest of the time - 10 "C. Accounting for germination energy on the 10th day, germination - on the 25th day. 4.19.4. Medicinal crops Before germination, Astragalus wooliflora seeds are placed in a glass container, poured with 30 cm" of concentrated (96%) sulfuric acid for 30 minutes. Then the seeds are washed in running water until the acid is completely removed (litmus paper test) and dried until they flow. When determining the germination of seeds of marshmallow, cassia acutifolia, field steelhead, and plantain four days before the end of the period for determining germination, hard seeds for

GOST 12038-84 P. 8 is cut with a sharp lancet from the side opposite the root and left on the bed until the end of germination. All sprouted seeds from those cut are added to the number of previously sprouted ones. The percentage of sprouted hard seeds is indicated separately in the seed quality document. High larkspur seeds are planted for germination after stratification for 15-30 days. Artemisia tsitvarna - 20 days. Seeds are stratified in moist sand at a temperature of 1 "C - 5 *C\ Double seeds ammn large and dental, of which one seed is normal, and the second is scrunchy. Count as one. If both seeds are normal, then they are counted as two and when counting at germination is separated. Securinega subshrub seeds must be submitted for analysis cleaned from the fruit shell. If by the time germination is determined, a significant amount of swollen seeds remains on the bed, then their germination is determined again. In this case, the seeds are preheated at 40 "C for 5-6 days. The document on seed quality indicates the germination of heated and unheated seeds. The germination of ragwort seeds is determined 4-5 months after harvesting. Ephedra horsetail seeds are planted for germination, cleared of fruit pulp. Seeds of elecampane and sandy immortelle are considered normally germinated when the root length is not less than "/, the length of the seed. (Changed edition, Amendment No. I) 4.19.5 Forage grasses To determine the germination of sainfoin seeds, fruitlets and seeds without a fruit membrane are counted in a row. All ungerminated the fruitlets are opened to determine the number of hard seeds.The germination of bluegrass seeds within 3 months after harvesting, tetraploid varieties of clover within a month after harvesting should be determined in accordance with the conditions specified in column 7 of Appendix 1. When counting beckmania seeds, a double fruitlet is counted as one. Seeds of maral root (Leuzea safflower) are kept in moist sand at a temperature from 5 "C to 10" C for 20 days until germination is determined. 5. PROCESSING OF RESULTS 5.1. Germination and germination energy of seeds are calculated as a percentage. The arithmetic mean is taken as the result of the analysis results of determining the germination of all analyzed samples, if, when determining the germination of seeds from four samples, the deviations of the analysis results of individual samples from the arithmetic mean do not exceed those indicated in the table. 2 or table 3, and in the case of determining germination from two samples, the discrepancy between the results of the analysis of two samples does not exceed that indicated in table. 2. Table 2 Average germination value, Permissible deviation by the result of analysis of individual samples from the average length of anal 4-101) seeds. % 99 or 1 -2 From 1)7 to 98. from 2 to 3 ±3 From 95 to 96 " from 4 to 5 ±4 From 92 to 94 " from 6 to 8 ±5 From 88 to 91 . from 9 to 12 ±6 From 83 to 87. from 13 to 17 ±7 From 75 to 82. from 18 to 25 ±8 From 62 to 74 "from 26 to 38; ±9 og 39 to 61 ±10 Before calculating the germination of forage legumes, vetch and lupine, all hard seeds are added to the normally germinated ones. 5.2. When analyzing four samples and the germination of seeds of one of the four samples deviates from the arithmetic mean value by an amount greater than the permissible deviation, germination and germination energy are calculated based on the results of the analysis of the other three samples, and if the deviation from the analysis results of two samples is higher than the permissible value, the analysis is repeated . If upon repeated

P. 9 GOST 12038-84 Table 3 Arithmetic mean 1ПЛЧСМИИС ВСХОХССГИ, Permissible deviation of the results of the analysis of shlelysh samples from the average for the analysis of 4 51) seeds, % Permissible discrepancy between the results of the analysis of two samples. % (during the analysis of semik mixtures) 99 or 1 -2 2 98. 2 ±4 4 97. 3 ±5 5 Og 95 to 96 "from 4 to 5 ±6 6 Og 93 to 94

GOST 12038-84 P. 10 APPENDIX / Mandatory CONDITIONS FOR GERMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS SEEDS Legend: IIB - on filter paper: MB - between layers of filter paper; MB* - between layers of filter paper with constant supply: R - rolls and 1 filter paper: G - corrugated filter paper: IIP - on sand: VP - in sand: S - light; T - darkness. - constant temperature, "C. - variable temperature. "C: 6 hours - with increased temperature and IS hours - with decreased temperature (per day) Culture Condition of germination Determination period. CVI Additional condition for seminars. dormant Bed Tewnepatypa. "C Illumination Ig E. M f> ? = 2 1% C l t and o s in constant pan changes on" 1 2 3 4 6 7 1. Anise NB _ 20-30 T 14 Pimpincllu anisum L. 2 Peanut NP : VP - 20-30 T 10 Germination at 30 "C: Arachis hypogaea L. pre-heating at 40 "C for 14 days 3. Watermelon NI: P 30 20-30 T 10 Germination at 30 "C; Citrullus lanatus var. soak for 6 hours vulgaris Mans! ". 4. Artichoke MB: NI 20 20-30 T 14 Cynara scolymus L. 5. Garden basil NB - 20-30 C: T 10 Light; K!^0, Ocimum basilicum L 6. Eggplant MB: NB - 20-30 T 14 Pre-cooling - Solanum melongena L. for 4 days; energy - on the 10th day 7. Okra (hibiscus MB: NP 2 (1 20-30 T 10 edible) Hibiscus esculent us L. 8. Beckmanin usually - NB - 20-30 C 21 vein Beckmannia eruciformis (L.) Host 4 I

P. II GOST 12038-84 Continued Culture Germination condition Determination period, CVT Additional condition for seeds that are in a dormant state Bed Temperature. "C Illuminated and awn II

GOST 12038-84 P. 12 Continuation Culture Layers not normal Bed Temperature, "From the crops in May, baked or Lightness Determination period, days and Additional condition for seeds that are at rest I 28. Lettuce mustard (leaf) Brassica juncca L 29. Common comb grass C"ynosurus cristatus L 30. Buckwheat Fagopyrum csculcn-tum Moench 31. Reed canaryweed Phalaroides anindi-nacea (L.) Rauschen 32. Dzhugara (drooping sorghum) Sorghum cemuum Host 33. Long-fruited jute Corchorus olitorius L. 34. Dolnchos Dolichos lablab L. 35. White clover Melilotus albus Mcdik. 36. Sweet clover (yellow Uli) Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. 37. Dushipa Origanum vulgare L. 38. Fragrant spikelet Anthoxanthum odo-ratum L. 39. Melon Cucumis melo L. 40. Hedgehog Daclylis glomcrata L. 41. Barnyard grass (payja) Echinochloa fru-m with pse a Link 42. Zhetnyak fragile (Siberian) Agropyron fragile (Roth) Candargy 43. Wheatgrass Agropvron cristatum (L.) Beauv. NB H B P; MB NB NP: MB H B NP NB H B MB: H B NB MB: 1111 11B MB: H B NB H B 20 25 25 20 20 20 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20- 30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 T; C C; T T S; T T S; T S: T 6 21 7 14 S 10 10 21 14 S 14 S 10 10 Pre-cooling; KNO, Preheating Precooling; KNO ; germination at 10 "C" - 30 "C for 30 days Pre-cooling Pre-cooling Pre-cooling Pre-cooling Light: pre-heating Germination at 10 "C - 30 X for 20 days Germination at 10 "C - 30" C for 15 days Germination at 10 "C - 30 "C for 15 days 59

GOST 12038-84 P. 14 Continued Culture Uelo vis germination Bed Temperature. "With a constant change of pan Os weight II stem Determination period, days and z g * i Additional condition for seeds, machoaichichea in a dormant state I 59. Hybrid clover (pink) Trifolium hybridum L. 60. Hybrid clover pgphschloid Trifolium hybridum L. 61. Red clover Trifolium pratense L. 62. Tetraloyl meadow clover Trifolium pratense L. 63. Overturned clover (shabdar) Trifolium resupi-naturn L. 64. Creeping clover (white) Trifolium repens 65. Crimson clover (incarnate) ) Trifolium incarnatum L. 66. Castor bean Ricinus communis L. 67. Hemp Cannabis sativa L. 68. Coriander Coriandrum sativum L. 69. Bonfire Bromopsis inermis (Levss.) Holub 70. Kocipeu straight Bromopsis erecta ( lluds) Fourr. 71. Abyssinian crambe Crambc abyssinica Höchst. 72. Watercress Lepidium sativum L. 73. Corn Zea mays L. 74. Indian sesame Sesamum indicum L. 75. Lespelea bicolor Lespede/l bicolor Turcz 76. Flax Linum usitatissi -mum L. NB H B H B H B NB 11B H B NI; R MB: NP R: NP: MB NB NB H B: MB 11B NP: R NB MB H B 2U 20 20 20 20 20 20 25 20: 25 25:30 20:25 25 20 20 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-30 20-35 T T T T T T T T T S; T S: T T T T 8 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 15 10 10 7 5 7 6 14 Pre-cooling: germination at 15"C Germination energy for 6 days. Germination - for 10 days Pre-cooling: germination at 15"C Germination energy for 6 days, germination - for 10 days Pre-cooling: germination at 15"C Pre-cooling: germination at 15"C Pre-cooling: germination at 154C Germination at 10"C - 30"C for 17 days. germination anergy - at 10 court Pre-cooling; germination at 10 "C - 30" C for 20 days Light Light; pre-cooling: germination at 15 "C; germination - 10 days Extend the germination period by 3 days 47 Pre-cooling; preliminary npotpe bath

P. 15 GOST 12038-84 Continued Germination conditions Determination period. days Culture Temperature. "S i « I X h g s = * S s Additional condition for seeds in a state of dormancy Bed Lighting constant variable I 5 1 and 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 77. Meadow foxtail NB _ 20-30 C; T 7 14 Pre-cooling - Alopccurus pra- den; KMO.: germination of tensis L. at 10 "C - 30 "C for 20 days 78. Foxtail cane - NB - 20-30 C: T 7 14 Pre-cooling (V4L)TYY) division; KYO,; germination of Alopccurus at 10 "C - 30 "C for arundinaceus Poir 20 days 79. Brittle grate Hb - 20-30 C: T 7 14 (hairy) rush Psathyrostachys juncea (fisch.) Ncvski 80. Onion onion bagu and Allium sera L Allium fistulosum L. Leek MB; NB 15: 20 - T 5 12 Pre-cooling Allium porrum L. chives Allium schoeno- p ra.su m L. Slime onion Allium nUtahs L. Sweet onion Allium o do rum L. 81. Lovage NP: NB _ 20-30 C: T 7 21 Levisticum officinale Koch 82. White lupine NI: OH 20 _ T 4 7 Pre-cooling Lupinus albus L. 83. Narrow-leaved lupine (blue) Lupinus angustifolius L. 84. Yellow lupine NP ; VP 20 - t 4 10 Lupinus luteus L. 85. Perennial lupine - NP 20 - t 4 10 (multifoliate) Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. 86. Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. 87. Blue alfalfa MB; NB 20 - t 4 7 Pre-cooling - Medicago soe ru lea deniye Less, ex Lcdeb. 88. Yellow alfalfa MB; NB 20 - t 4 7 Pre-cooling - Medicago fakrata L. den 46

GOST 12038-84 P. 16 Continuation Condition of deadline Determination period. C)1 Additional condition for Temperature - "C Culture * I X "I B of seeds that are in a state of Bed Lighting - 15 o I n dormancy constancy - variability o x 1 nay us 0 B- and 1 2 3 4 6 7 89. Luierna modified - H B; MB 20 - t 7 Pre-cooling (blue-hybrid, hystrohybrid, yellow-hybrid) Medicago varia L 90. Luierna sativa MB: MB 20 - t 7 Pre-cooling Medicago sati va L 91. Northern alfalfa IIb: MB 20 - t 7 Pre-cooling Medicago borcalis Grossh 92. Luierna sickle- MB: MB 20 - t 7 Pre-cooling Medicago quxsifakata Sinsk. - t 7 Pre-cooling Medicago lupulina L. 94. Lyalvenep horned H B 20 20-30 t 10 Pre-cooling Lotus corniculatus L. 95. Lyallemantsin group- 11B 20 - t 14 zinskaya Lallemantia iberica (Stcv.) Fisch, et Mey % Garden marjoram NB 25 2U-30 C; T 15 Light Origanum majorana L. 97. Soporific poppy NB 20 - t 10 Light; preliminary Papaver somni-washing; germination of ferum L. at 10 "C - 30 C 98. Malva H B 30 20-30 t 10 Warming up the seeds in Malva spp. hot water (80 * C) for 1 min 99. Large manna NB - 20-30 from 21 (swamp, ordinary) Clyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb 1Ü0 Shag NB - 20-30 C:T 10 Germination 5 days at Nicotiana rustica L temperature 10"C - 30"C, the remaining 5 days at 20"C - 30 "C 101. Maui NI; MB 20 - t 10 Pre-cooling Vigna radiata (L.) den R. Wilc/ek 102. Lemon balm H B 35 - s 20 Germination at 30 "C Melissa officinalis L. or 20 "S-30"S 103. Morap H B - 20-30 t S Setaria italica (L.) Bcauv. convar.moharia (Alef.) Mansf. 47

P. 17 GOST 12038-84 Continued Germination condition Deadline. days Additional condition for Culture 1 evincpaiypa. s * X i g ■a r g seeds, was in the sas gaya-Bed of Os suspended-s. mi and peace and constant change - NOSE! L О * May 2nd о О с О X 1 2 1 4 5 6 7 104. Euphorbia MP: MB 20 _ T 7 14 Euphorbia lathyris L. 105. Carrot Hli - 20-30 t 5 10 Light: preliminary Daucus carola L . warming (Ab. Swamp bluegrass Hü - 20-30 C; T 7 21 Pre-cooling - Roa palustris L deniye; KK10.; germination at 10 "C - 30 "C for 30 days 107. Meadow bluegrass HB - 20-30 C; T 7 21 Pre-cooling Roa pratensis L.: CC|0,; germination at 10 "C - 30 ° C for 30 days 108. Nigella sativa HB 20 20-30 C; T 5 10 N ige On sativa L. 100. Chickpeas VP; NP 20 20-30 T 3 7 Cicer anetinum L. 110. Oats VP; NP 20 - t 4 7 Pre-cooling - Arena sativa L P; MB den: GK: pre-heating III. Golden oats NB - 20-30 C 7 14 (trisetum) Trisetum flavcscens (L.) Beauv. - 20-30 C; T 7 14 Pre-cooling - Fcstuca rubra L. deniye: K1MO,; germination at 10 * C - 30 "C for 30 days 114.0 meadow grass H B - 20-30 C; T 5 10 Pre-cooling - Fcstuca pratensis den: £N0,; germination of lluds. at 10 "C - 30 "C for 20 days 115. Sheep oatmeal NB - 20-30 C 7 14 Pre-cooling: pre-heating 116. Reed oatmeal - NB - 20-30 C 7 14 KYO kovaya Fcstuca arundinacea Schrcb. 117. Oat root H B - 20-30 C 6 II Tragopogon parrilolius 2. 1 IS. Cucumber herb H B 20 20-30 T 7 14 Borago oflicinalis L. 111). Orypeu MB: H B 25 20-30 t 3 7 Light; preliminary Cucumis sativus L. warming 120. Comfrey MB: H11 - 20-30 t 10 30 Symphytum aspenun Lepcch. 48

GOST 12038-84 P. 18 Sales Culture Condition of germination and term determined after the name. days Additional condition for seeds that are in a state of research institute dormancy Bed Temperature. "C Os weighted bone h and C. v o g S o s. S A C J X 3 s constant of change of share 1 2 1 4 5 6 7 121. Fenugreek hay NB _ 20-30 t 3 7 (trigonella) Trigonclla focnum - graccum L. 121 Parsnip sowing - MB: NP - 20-30 t 10 21 Light Pastinaca saliva L. 123. Patisson MB: NP 25 20-30 t 3 10 Light Cucurbita pcpo L. 124 Peeling VP; NP 20 - t 4 8 Pre-cooling - Pisum arvcnsc L. den 125. Ilepeu NB: P; - 20-30 t 7 15 Light: «

P. 19 GOST 12038-84 Il portai msenie Culture Incremental condition Duration of reas we sculpt, cyi Additional condition for seeds that are in a dormant state Bed Temperature. "C Illumination i. i B S h s i o I S "i constant variable■ share 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 137. Wheatgrass - NB _ 20-30 C: T 5 14 Pre-cooling (wheatgrass, KNO, nickname) Elymus trachycaulus subsp. novac-anglie (Scribn.). Tzvel. 13I. Creeping wheatgrass H B - 20-30 C; T 5 14 Pre-cooling - Elytrigia repens (L.) tion, KNO, Nevski 139. Wheatgrass medium H B - 20-30 C: T 5 14 Pre-cooling - (blue) tion, KNO, Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski 140. Wheat grass - H B - 20-30 C; T 7 14 low (regneria) Elymus llbrosus (Schrenk) Tzvel. 141. Wheatgrass changes - H B - 20-30 C; T 7 14 chive Elymus mutabilis (Drob.) Tzvel. 142. Siberian wheatgrass (Siberian hairweed) Elymus sibiricus L. 143. Paliipac tall H B - 20-30 C: T 5 10 Pre-cooling (French): germination at Arrhenatherum 10 "C - 30 "C for 15 days clatius(L) J.etC. Presl 144. Ryegrass multi- H B - 20-30 C: T 5 10 Light; preliminary cutting (chaff planting: KNO,; germination - multi-flowered) at 10"C-30"C Lolium multiflorum Lim. 145. Pasture ryegrass - H B - 20-30 C 5 10 Light: preliminary drying or English - cultivation: KNO,: sprouting (chaff at 10 "C - 30 "C perennial) Lolium perenne L. 146. Rami MB: H B _ 20-30 T 7 14 Boehmeria utilis Blume 147. Spring rape and ojii- NB 20 20-30 T 3 7 Light; Preliminary fermentation of Brassica napus L. 14S. Wavy rhubarb H B: NP - 20-30 T 7 14 Light Kheum undulatum L. 149. Radish 11 B: MB 20: 25 20-30 t 3 6 Pre-cooling - Kaphanus sativum L. var. radicula Pen;. 50

GOST 12038-84 P. 20 Continuation Culture Condition of approval Deadline for determination. days Additional condition for seeds in a dormant state Bed Temperature, "C Illumination and "1 16 II & "i S o I H constant variable 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 150. Radish HB: MB 20: 25 20-30 t 3 6 Pre-cooling - Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus L. 151. Pctta H B; MB 20: 25 - t 3 6 Light: 20 "C - 30 "C - Brassica container L. cutting temperature changes 152. Fig NI : MB - 20-30 t 4 10 Pre-soaking - Oiyza suiva L. for 24 hours in water at 40 °C 153. Rye iossvnai NP; MB: 20 ​​_ t 3 7 Pre-cooling - Sccalc ccrealc L P; MB* den; preheating: GK 154. Camelina H B 20 20-30 t 3 6 Camelina sativa Crantz 155. Lettuce NB 20 10-20 C; T 4 10 Light: preliminary Lactuca sitiva L. cool; pre-heating 156. Safflower MB: NP 25 20-30 T 4 10 Light; Germination at Carthamus tincto - 15 °C rius L. 157. Table beet. G: 1111 - 20-30 T 5 10 Preliminary washing and feeding in running water at Beta vulgaris L.. 25 "C for 1-2 hours and drying at 25 "C 158. Celery fragrant NB - 20-30 C 8 18 Pre-cooling - Apium gravcolens L. seeding: KM), 159. Seradella seed MB: I B 20 - T 5 10 Ornithopus sativus Broth 160. Perennial strength H B - 20-30 t 3 7 Pre-wetting - Sida hcrmaplmxlita Rusby 161. Snlfpi npOHJCH- MB: NP - 10-30 t 10 21 noleaf Silphium pcrfoliatum L. 162. Scorzonera MB 20 20-30 t 4 10 Scorconera hÈpunica L. 163. Common sorghum - Hfl; R: 25 20-30 t 4 8 Pre-cooling MB den Sorghum vulgare Pers. 164. Soybean NP: P 25 20-30 t 3 7 Glycine hispida Max. 165. Asparagus MB: 1111 - 20-30 t 10 21. Asparagus officinalis L. 166. Sudan grass MB: HI1 - 20-30 t 4 10 Pre-cooling - Sorghum sudanense nis (Piper) Stapf

P. 21 GOST 12038-84 Continued Germination condition Determination period. days Additional condition for Temperature. "C Culture and s * = C seeds in the state of the Bed Illuminated - 1st in and Research Institute of Dormancy IIOCUMIH variability x g May 5 o & k 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 167. Spring rapeseed and HB 20 20-30 T 3 7 winter Brassica campcslris L. 168. Tobacco HB 30 - C 6 10 Soaking seeds in Nicotiana tabacum L. 0.01% succinic acid for 1 day at room temperature; germination at 10 °C - 30 °C 169. Timofeevka meadow - HB - 20-30 °C; T 4 8 Pre-cooling: KMO,: germination of Phleura pratcnsc L. at 10 4 °C - 30 °C for 20 days 170. Cumin - HB - 20-30 C; T 7 14 Carum carvi L. 171. Tomato MB: HB - 20-30 T 5 10 Light Lycopcrsicon esculenlum Mill. 172. Triticale NP; MB 20 - T 3 7 Pre-cooling Friticale trispccics T. deniye; preliminary heating 173. Turnip MB - 20-30 T 3 7 Brassica rapa L 174 Gumkin MB: NP 25 20-30 T 3 7 Cucurbita pepo L. C. maxima L. 175. Dill HB - 10-30 T 10 21 Light; preliminary Anethum grave- cooling: preliminary- olens L. noe profevaiis 176. Common beans- VP; NP 20 20-30 T 4 7 vein Phaseolus vulgaris (L) Sa vi 177. Phacelia HB 15 - T 4 10 Phacelia tenacetifolia Benth. 178. Fennel HB; MB - 20-30 C;T 6 14 Foeniculum vulgare Mill. 179. Physalis HB - 20-30 T 6 12 K\0, Physalis spp. 180. Hops MB: HB 10 10-30 C; T 10 40 Germination for 3 days at llumulus lupulus L. temperature 10 "C. The rest of the time - in the light at 20 C - 30 "C 181. Henna HB 30 - T 6 20 LawM>nia inermis 182. Common chicory - HB - 20- 30 C; T 3 10 Light vein (root) Cichorium inthybus L. 48

GOST 12038-84 P. 22 Continued Germination condition Determination period. C VI Additional condition for seeds that are in the Kul mura Temperature, "С Ü А fc" it Bed Illuminated - 5 » pai pai ** about s. s O a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 181 Savory NB 25 20-30 t 3 7 Light: recording of germination on Satureja hortcnsis L. 15 sug IM. Burnet R: NP - 20-30 t 4 7 polygamous Poterium polygamum Waldsl. cl Kit. 185. Lentil MP: MB: 20 ​​- t 3 7 Pre-cooling Lens cscutenla Revision Mocnch 186. Sowing lentil IM: NP 20 - t 3 7 Lathyrus sativus L. 187. Meadow rank MB 20 - t 7 14 Lathyrus pratensis L. 1!". Chumiza MB: NB 25 20-30 t 4 10 Solaria italica (L.) convar. maxima (Alcf.) Mansf. 189. Clary sage NB 25 20-30 s 3 10 Seeds immediately after Salvia sclarcca L harvesting (up to a month): germination for the first 4 days at 10 "C. The next 8 days - at 20" C - 30 "C. After a month of storage: pre-heating for 5 days at 40 "C, then germination in the light for 12 days at 20" C - 30 "C 190. Spinach MB 15: 10 - t 7 14 Pre-cooling - Spinacia oleracea L 191. Shavel garden NB 20 20 -30 C; T 3 8 Pre-cooling; washing 192. Shavel tianyian- NB 20 - T 3 7 Pre-cooling; washing Rumcx tianschanicus Losinsk 193. Endive (chicory NB 20 - T 4 10 Salad) Cichorium endivia L. 194. Sainfoin Vikolnst-NP 20 20-30 T 5 10 Germination for the first 5 days at 10 ° C, then 5 days Onobrvchis viciifotia at 20 "C - 30 *C Scop. 195. Sainfoin Transcaucasus - NP 20 20-30 T 5 10 Germination for the first cue 5 days at 10 "C. then 5 days Onobrychis traivscau- at 20 "C - 30 T casica Grossh. 1%. Sandy sainfoin Onohrvchis arenaria (Kit.) DC. 197. Tarragon NB: MB 20 - C: T 4 10 Artemisia dracunculus L. 4- 2-251J

P. 23 GOST 12038-84 End Germination condition Determination period. su| Additional condition for seeds in the Kulyurd state Temperature, "C and; 1 l l Bed posshin may variable Illumination * h £ & o 2 5 8-o. and I 5. a Research Institute of dormancy » 2 3 4 5 6 7 108 Common ulcer - NB 20 - t 5 10 Pre-chilled AshYushya u1pegapa B. 199. Common barley - VP; NP 20 t 3 7; germination at 15 C Pre-chilled Hop1eish uc^arc B. R: MB" tion; preliminary naming; G K ATTACHED AND G: 2 Mandatory CONDITIONS FOR GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF MEDICINAL CROPS Symbols: NB - on filter paper; MP - on sand: S - light: T - darkness; 20 25 30 35 - constant temperature, "C; 10-15 10-25 10-30 15-25 15-30 15-40 20-30 20-40 30-5 - variable temperature, "C: 8 hours - at elevated temperatures and 16 hours - at low temperatures (per day); - sharply fluctuating temperature, "C: 8 hours - at a low temperature and Germination conditions; Determination period. C\"T Additional condition for seeds that are in the state of Culture Temperature. "C I & I 5 & B> C £ g k s s Bed constant variable Lighting - and rest dormancy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. Althea medicinal ANAAEA oGPsshaIch B. 2. Ammi large Atnipta;i.ch B. NB NB 25 20-30 10-30 15-30 t t 7 5 12 10 The germination period is extended by 12-14 days. if there are a lot of ungerminated seeds left on the bed 54

GOST 12038-84 P. 24 Continuation Culture Germination condition Determination period, cyi L o po l m and I spruce uel ovielle Seeds in a dormant state Bed Temper iypa. "C Illumination t. s I h 51 s A B and X 3 a CONTINUALLY changes May 1 2 ) 4 5 6 7 3. Ammi dental NB - 10-25 t 9 15 Germination period ud- Animi visnaga (L.) Lam molt on 12-14 days if there are a lot of ungerminated seeds left on the bed 4. Leafless Anabasis NB: 1111 - 10-15 C; T 3 12 Germination period: Anabasis aphylla L. sheds on 12-14 days if on a lot of ungerminated seeds remain in the bed 5. Astragalus ssrsisto- NB 25 15-25 T 4 11 1SHSGKOIYY 20-30 Astragalus dasyanthus Pall. 30 C; T 4 10 Light; K\0, Ocimum gratissimum L. 8. Henbane NB - 30-5 t 8 15 Hyoscyamus niger L. (sharply fluctuating) 9. Belladonna IB 20-30 t 20 30 Atropa belladonna L. 10 Helichrysum arcnarium (L.) Moench II Valeriana officinalis L. 12 Elecampane tall NB 20-30 15-30 C; T 7 11 Germinate seeds within a month after harvesting Inula hclcnium L. at a temperature of 30 ° C Energy accounting is carried out on the 16th day. and germination - on the 21st day 13. Datura Indian Hfl; NB 20-30 C;T 5 14 Germination period ud- Datura innoxia Mill. moult for 7 days. if there are a lot of ungerminated seeds left on the bed 14. Datura common - NP; NB 20-30 C: T 6 14 Germination period: 14 days, if there are many unproduced seeds left on the Datura stramonium L. bed 15. Jaundice spreading - NB 20-30 C;T 3 10 Germination time: - disty (F. grey) molt on 14 days. if on the Erysimum diOusum bed there remains a lot of unpro- Ehrh. grown seeds 16. Larkspur high IIB: NP 20-30 C; T 5 14 Delphinium elatum L. 4-2" 55

P. 25 GOST 12038-84 Continuation of Kulyur Germination condition Determination period. cyi Additional condition for dormant seeds Bed Temperature. "C Illumination?! §1 century. S L B and I 5 ■i POSSHYAN May Persia OR 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 17. Hare's lip intoxicating - HB 20-30 C: T 8 14 schiy Lagochilus incbrians Bunge IS. St. John's wort perforating - HB 20-30 T 10 18 Freshly harvested seeds in the fall within a month after harvesting Hypericum perfora - germinate at a temperature of L. pe 10 "C - 25 4C. Calculation of energy should be carried out on the 23rd day, and germination - on the 28th day 19. Cagarangus rose - HB 30 20-30 T 4 10 Calharanthus roseus G. Don. 20. Cassia holly - HB: Hfl 25 - С;Т 7 14 Germinate freshly harvested seeds at temperature - Cassia acutifolia Del. re 35 "C for 10 days 21. Flat ragus - HB 20 - C:T 6 21 Before germination, colistas are completely or partially removed - Senecia plalvphyl - seed coats are removed on the loides Somm. et opposite to the Levier root. For this, the seeds are boiled and soaked at a temperature of 30 °C for 20-30 days. 22. Maral root HB 25 T 8 15 (Leuzea safflower) Khaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin 23. Yellow poppy HB - 15-25 T 13 21 Germination period is extended by 7-10 days. if there are a lot of ungerminated seeds left on the Crantz bed 24. Madder tinting NP; HB - 20-30 C; T 10 21 Rubia tinctorum L. 25. Pigweed npaiHBOilig- HB - 15-40 C 7 21 The germination period is extended by 7 days if there are a lot of unsprouted anlhelminticum L. seeds 26 left on the Chcnopodium bed. Morlovnnk uiapo-NP; HB 20 - C;T 3 12 The annual period of irrigation is extended by 7 days if there are many ungrown cephalus L. seeds on the bed of Echinops sphaero 27. Medicinal marigolds - HB: 1111 20 - C;T 6 12 Calendula officinalis L 28. Foxglove HB 25 T 6 12 The period of red germination is extended by 7 days if there are a lot of ungerminated seeds left on the bed of Digitalis purpurea L. 48

GOST 12038-84 P. 26 Continuation of Culture/elephant and cropping Deadline for determination. days Add 1st condition for seeds that are in a dormant state Bed Temperature, *C Illumination?! II p. l B i o g, and a sowing ii-ii ah changes nai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 29. Foxglove HE - 20-30 t 6 10 woolly Digitalts lanata Ehrh. 30. Nightshade lobular NB 30 C; T 8 18 Solanum laciniatum Ail 31. Flea plantain - NB 20 - C: T 3 10 Plantago psyllium L. 32. Diseased plantain - NB 30 - C; T 3 8 shoy Plantago major L. 33. Polynyshtarnaya NB 20 - C 4 12 Artemisia cina Berg, ex Poljak. 34. Motherwort - NB - 20-30 C: T 4 12

P. 27 GOST 12038-84 End Culture Conditional germination Determination period, cyi Lopolnygolnogo condition for seeds in a state of REST Bed Temperature, "C Suspension in X t g II = s. " O S a N y K o s MOL-TOYAN share variable 1 2 J 4 5 6 7 42. Stalnik zero NB 3(> t 5 10 Ononis arvensis L. 43. Scoiolia himalayan - NP; NB 30 - C: T 6 14 kaya Anisodus luridus Dun. 44. Thyme ordinary - NB 20 - C: T 3 10 Thymus vulgaris L. Freshly harvested seeds 45. Sequence of three layers - NB - 20-30; T 12 20 10-30 germinate at dark - Bidens tnpartita L. round 20 "C - 40" C" for 12 days 46. Salvia officinalis - NB - 20-30 T 8 14 Germination period: molt on 14 days. If there are a lot of ungerminated seeds left on the Salvia officinalis L. bed APPENDIX J Reference NORMAL SPROUTS OF SOME AGRICULTURAL SEEDS OF CROPS WHEN CONSIDERING THE ENERGY OF GERMINATION AND GERMINATION Rye Barley 58

P. 29 GOST 12038-84 Corn) - embryonic roots: 2-attached roots; „" - main germinal root; -I lateral roots; 5- cotyledons: 6 coleon-gil; 7 primary leaf: .1 epicotyl, - 9 typocotyl; 10- cotyledon knee AND INFORMATIONAL DATA WE K 1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED BY THE USSR Ministry of Agriculture DEVELOPERS V.I. Zaitsev, O.M. Korsakova, N.G. Khoroshailov I.V. Antonov, JI.N. Borsch, A.P. Demkin, J1.R. Ilyinskaya, 3. M. Kaloshina, A. I. Kalyuzhny, N. N. Kamenskaya, V. V. Kvasnikov, V. A. Korneychuk, S. A. Kogova, T. M. Melnikova, A. A. Melovidova, T. A. Mikshun, A. F. Putntsev, M. S. Ragulnn, A. M. Fokanov, I. I. Chaly, JE M. Shcherbakova, I. I. Yatsun 2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the USSR State Committee on Standards dated December 19, 1984 No. 4710 3. INSTEAD OF GOST 12038-66 4. REFERENCED REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS Designation NTD to which reference is given Point number Designation NTD to which reference is given Point number GOST 2874-82 2.1 GOST 12036-85 2.1 GOST 4204-77 2.1 GOST 12037-81 1.2.4.19.3 GOST 4217-77 2.1 GOST 20290-74 Introductory part GOST 5963-67 2.1 GOST 20490-75 2.1 GOST 6341-75 2.1 GOST 22617.2-94 4.19.3 GOST 8556-72 2.1 GOST 28498-90 2.1 GOST 12026-76 2.1 GOST 29329-92 2.1 5. The validity period was removed according to protocol No. 5-94 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 11-12-94) 6. EDITION with Amendments No. 1,2, sent in June 1990, March 1995 (IUS 10-90, 6-95); Amendments (IUS 7-86, 10-88) 60

SEEDS AND PLANTING MATERIAL

■ AGRICULTURAL CROPS

STATE STANDARDS OF THE USSR UNION

SEEDS AND PLANTING MATERIAL OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Official publication

PUBLISHING HOUSE OF STANDARDS Moscow 1973

4. FEATURES OF DETERMINING THE GERMINATION OF FRESHLY HARVESTED SEEDS THAT HAVE NOT PASSED THE REST PERIOD

4.1. To determine the germination capacity of freshly harvested seeds that have not undergone a dormant period, they are germinated at low temperatures or after preheating.

4.2. Determination of the germination of freshly harvested seeds of wheat, rye, barley, oats, flax, peas, vetch and sunflower that have not passed the dormant period is carried out at low temperatures (8-12 ° C) during the period established for calculating the germination energy, and then until the end germination at a temperature of 20° C. Germination energy in this case is determined one day later than the period established for determining this indicator.

The germination count is carried out within the usual period provided for determining this indicator.

If, after the period established for determining germination, swollen but not rotten seeds remain, germination continues for another three days.

4.3. Documents on seed quality must indicate the temperature at which the seeds were germinated and the time of germination.

4.4. Warming up of the seeds is carried out with good ventilation, placing the seeds in a layer of no more than 2 cm (depending on their size).

Heating of seeds of grain crops, onions, cucumbers, carrots, dill, watermelons, melons, parsley, beets and spinach is carried out for 3-5 days, sunflower - 7 days, soybeans - 16-18 hours, jugar and sweet sorghum - 2 days at a temperature of 30 ° C.

Coriander seeds are heated for 2 days at a temperature of 18-20° C. Grass seeds are heated for 4 hours at a temperature of 40° C, and then 3 hours at a temperature of 50° C.

Before germination, rope seeds are kept for 30 minutes in water at a temperature of 40-45° C.

After heating the seeds, germination is determined using four samples, each containing 100 seeds at established conditions for each crop.

4.5. The percentage of seed germination is calculated as the arithmetic mean of four samples, taking into account permissible deviations.

5. FEATURES OF DETERMINING SEED GERMINATION FOR INDIVIDUAL CROPS

5.1. Cereals

5.1.1. To determine the germination of spelt, spikelets and individual grains are counted in a row. The spikelets are laid for germination without freeing the grains from the films. Germination energy and germination capacity are determined by the number of sprouted spikelets and individual grains.

5.1.2. When laying oat seeds for germination, a double grain of oats is counted as one seed.

5.2. Industrial crops

5.2.1. For freshly harvested tobacco seeds with low germination, the germination period is extended from 12 to 20 days.

5.2.2. When determining germination, a double coriander fruit is counted as one.

5.2.3. Sugar beet, table and fodder. From a sample of seeds of the main crop, divided into fractions, count four

samples of 100 glomeruli. For each sample, the number of glomeruli is counted from individual fractions by size, which corresponds to the percentage of glomeruli of the corresponding fractions established when determining the purity of the seeds.

When determining germination, seeds of calibrated, pelleted and crushed beets are not divided into fractions, but four samples of 100 seeds each are counted in a row from a sample disassembled for purity.

The counted beet balls are laid out in the sand using a marker or manually at an equal distance from each other and sealed flush with the sand.

The percentage of germination is determined by the number of glomeruli in which at least one seed has produced a normal sprout.

The remaining ungerminated glomeruli are recorded in the column of the worksheet “Remaining ungerminated seeds.”

Note. If rotten sprouts (blackening of the root or rotting of the entire sprout) appear by the time the germination energy is calculated, germination must be repeated after additional calcination of the sand and disinfection of the sprouts and thermostat.

5.3. Vegetables

5.3.1. Double seeds of carrots, celery, parsley, dill and other umbelliferous plants, of which one seed is normal and the other puny, are counted as one. If both seeds are completed in double seeds, then they are counted as two and separated when counting for germination. When counting for germination, fused spinach fruits are separated.

5.3.2. In case of poor germination, fodder watermelon seeds are pre-soaked in water for three days (pouring water 1 cm above the seed layer).

5.4. Medicinal plants

5.4.1. Germination time of freshly harvested seeds of valerian officinalis, Datura indica, Datura vulgaris, icterus gray, St. John's wort, anthelminthic goosefoot, goosefoot, foxglove, red and woolly foxglove, motherwort five-lobed, Tangut rhubarb, chamomile, Dalmatian chamomile, blue cyanosis and medicinal sage wow extended by seven days if there are a lot of ungerminated seeds left on the bed.

If, with an extended period of germination, a lot of ungerminated seeds remain on the bed, then the document on the quality of the seeds indicates the need to submit new samples after 2-3 months to re-determine germination.

5.4.2. Before germination, the seed coats at the end opposite the root are completely or partially removed from freshly harvested ragwort seeds. To do this, the seeds are pre-soaked at a temperature of 30° C for 24 hours.

5.4.3. When determining the germination of seeds of marshmallow, cassia acutifolia, great plantain, field steelhead, four days before the end of the period for determining germination, hard seeds are cut with a sharp lancet on the side opposite to the root and left on the bed until the end of germination. All sprouted seeds from the number of cut hard ones are added to the number of previously sprouted ones.

When germination is established, all hard seeds are added to the actually germinated ones. The percentage of hard seeds is indicated separately in the issued document.

5.4.4. Ammi dentifrice seeds are planted for germination after stratification for 45-60 days; black henbane, three-parted series - for 45 days; high larkspur - 15-30 days; wormwood tsitvarna - 20 days. Seeds are stratified in moist sand at a temperature of 1-5° C.

Double seeds of ammi large and dental, of which one seed is normal and the second puny, are counted as one; if both seeds are present, then they are counted as two and are separated when counting for germination.

5.4.5. Securinega subshrub seeds must be submitted for analysis cleaned of the fruit shell. If by the time germination is determined, a significant amount of swollen seeds remains on the bed, then their germination is determined again. In this case, the seeds are preheated at 40° C for 5 days.

The issued document on the quality of seeds indicates the germination of heated and unheated seeds.

5.4.6. The germination of ragwort seeds is determined 4-5 months after harvesting.

5.4.7. Horsetail ephedra seeds are planted for germination, cleared of fruit pulp.

5.5. Forage grasses

5.5.1. To determine the germination of sainfoin, fruits and seeds without a fruit membrane are counted in a row. All ungerminated fruits are opened to determine the number of hard seeds.

For perennial and annual legumes, the number of hard seeds in each sample is taken into account.

When establishing the percentage of germination, all hard seeds are added to the actually germinated ones.

The issued seed quality document indicates the average percentage of hard seeds.

5.5.2. When counting the germination of beckmania seeds, a double fruit is counted as one.

5.6. Seed mixtures

5.6.1. To determine the germination of a mixture of seeds of forage grasses and grain crops from each species that makes up more than 20% of the composition of the mixture, four samples of 100 seeds are counted, and if its content is from 10 to 20%, two samples of 100 seeds are counted. If there is less than 10% of a particular species in the mixture, its germination is not determined.

If there is a shortage of seeds in one sample, to determine germination, the missing amount is counted from the second sample.

6. CALCULATION OF SEED GERMINATION

6.1. Seed germination is calculated as a percentage as the arithmetic mean of the results of four samples.

6.2. When determining the germination of seeds using four samples, deviations of the results of individual samples from the arithmetic mean are allowed by values ​​not exceeding those indicated in the table. 2.

Note. If seed germination is below 50%, then the permissible deviations are set in relation to the percentage of non-germinating seeds.

If the percentage of germinated seeds of one of the four samples deviates from the percentage of germination by an amount greater than the permissible deviation, then the percentage of germination and germination energy is calculated based on the results of the other three samples (without taking into account the data on the fourth sample).

6.3. Determination of germination is repeated:

a) if the results of seed germination of two samples diverge by an amount greater than the permissible deviations;

b) if seed germination is below the maximum norm established by the standard, but deviates from it by no more than 5%.

6.4. If, during repeated germination of seeds, the results of two tests go beyond the permissible deviations or germination turns out to be substandard, then the percentage of germination and germination energy is calculated as the arithmetic mean of two determinations, i.e., for eight samples.

6.5. If, upon repeated determination of germination, the seeds turn out to be of good quality, then the percentage of germination energy and germination is calculated according to the data of the last determination.

6.6. When determining the germination of seeds using two samples, deviations between the results of these samples are allowed by values ​​not exceeding those indicated in the table. 3.

If the results of the analysis of two samples differ by an amount exceeding the permissible deviation, the determination of germination is repeated.

If, when re-determining germination, the discrepancy between the indicators of two samples does not exceed the permissible deviations and the data obtained confirm the quality of the seeds, then the percentage of germination is calculated based on the results of the re-determination. If the discrepancy between the indicators of two samples is higher than the permissible deviations or the seeds are substandard, the percentage of germination is determined based on the arithmetic average of two determinations, i.e., based on four samples.

6.7. The average percentage of germinated and ungerminated seeds is calculated to the second decimal place.

The final result of determining germination is expressed as whole percentages, with fractions of less than 0.5% being discarded, and fractions of 0.5% or more being considered 1%.

Permissible deviations are applied before rounding the percentage of germination.

UDC 631.531.1(083.74)

FROM THE PUBLISHER

Collection "Seeds and planting material crops> contains standards approved before July 1, 1973.

All changes adopted before the specified deadline have been included in the standards. There is a * sign next to the number of the standard to which the change has been made.

Current information on newly approved and revised standards, as well as changes adopted to them, is published in the monthly eInformational Index of Standards>.

© Standards Publishing House, 1973

Group C09

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

AGRICULTURAL CROPS SEEDS

Methods for determining germination

Seed of farm crops. Methods for determination of germinating ability

Approved by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR 12/V 1966. The introduction date is set

from 1/V1I 1966

Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to seeds of agricultural crops (except cotton) and establishes methods for determining their germination.

The application of methods is provided for in standards and technical conditions, establishing technical requirements for agricultural seeds.

I. BASIC PROVISIONS

1.1. Seed germination is understood as the number of normally germinated seeds in a sample taken for analysis, expressed as a percentage.

1.2. The germination of seeds is determined by germinating them at optimal conditions established for each crop by this standard.

1.3. Simultaneously with germination, the energy of seed germination is determined.

The germination energy of seeds, which characterizes the rate of germination, is understood as the percentage of seeds that germinate normally within certain period seeds

1.4. Seed samples for analysis are selected according to GOST 12036-66.

Reproduction is prohibited

* In terms of seeds flower crops replaced by GOST 11218-65.

2. ANALYSIS

2.1. From the seeds of the main crop isolated when determining purity, four samples of 100 seeds each are taken, and for broad beans, peanuts, beans, castor beans, pumpkin, and zucchini - 50 seeds each.

Note. If a seed sample is not presented for complete analysis, but only to determine germination, then one sample is isolated from it and disassembled into seeds of the main crop and waste. The waste is weighed and its percentage to the weight of the sample is calculated. Samples are taken from the seeds of the main crop for germination.

2.2. Seeds are germinated in plants, Petri dishes placed in a thermostat, or in special apparatus for germinating seeds in the light, subject to the conditions specified in the application. Sunflower seeds are also germinated in rolls of white filter paper.

2.3. To germinate seeds, use quartz sand or white filter paper. The sand is washed, calcined and sifted through a sieve with holes 1.0 mm in diameter. When reusing sand, it is prepared in the same way. Pre-cut filter paper is sterilized in an oven at 130° C for 1 hour.

Note. Sand calcination is completed when the strips of paper placed in the sand become charred.

(Changed edition - “Informational Index of Standards” No. 1972).

2.4. The sand and filter paper are moistened immediately before planting the seeds for germination.

For rice seeds, sand is moistened to full moisture capacity, for legume seeds - up to 80% and for seeds of other crops - up to 60% of full moisture capacity.

The filter paper is moistened to full moisture capacity. dipping into water and then allowing excess water to drain.

2.5. The moisture capacity of sand is determined in a metal cylinder with a mesh bottom 30 cm high and 8 cm in diameter. To determine the moisture capacity, freshly calcined sand is taken and recesses are taken from it to compile an average sample. Place a moistened circle of filter paper at the bottom of the cylinder and weigh it together with the circle of filter paper. The cylinder is then filled 3/4 full with sand taken from the middle sample and weighed again. A cylinder with sand is placed in a vessel with water so that the water in the vessel is at the level of the sand.

When the water wets the surface of the sand, the cylinder is removed from the

vessels, allow excess water to drain, dry the vessel from the bottom and sides with filter paper and weigh.

Moisture capacity (A) in ml is calculated using the formula:

a is the weight of the empty cylinder in g;

b - the weight of the cylinder with sand before immersion in water in g; c is the weight of the cylinder with sand after it is saturated with water in g. Example. The weight of the empty cylinder is 187 g, the weight of the cylinder with sand before immersion in water is 1823 g; the weight of the cylinder with sand after saturating it with water is 2232 g. Substituting these data into the formula, we get

„ 100(2232 - 1823) 100 X 409 hp ___

/1 = ----= -= ML.

If to moisten sand to full moisture capacity for every 100 g of dry sand you need 25 ml of water, then to moisten it to 60% of moisture capacity you need

2.6. Planters are filled with moistened sand up to 2/3 of the height and leveled.

If the seeds are germinated on filter paper, then it is cut according to the size of the dish and laid in 2-3 layers.

2.7. If seeds are germinated on filter paper and sand, then the pots or Petri dishes are filled halfway with sand and covered with moistened filter paper.

2.8. The seeds are laid out using a spreader counter or manually evenly at a distance of at least 0.5-1.5 cm from each other - depending on the size. When manually placing seeds in sand, markers with 50 or 100 cells are used, depending on the size of the seeds and the shape of the container. Seeds germinated in sand are buried flush with the sand. Seeds of corn, sunflower, watermelon, pumpkin, zucchini are embedded in the sand with the embryo facing down.

To germinate seeds in rolls, cut strips of filter paper 30-40 cm wide and 35-40 cm long. The strips of paper are folded in half in width, then unfolded, moistened and seeds are laid out in rows on half of the strip with the spine down. Seeds of one repetition are placed on each leaf. The seeds are covered with the second part of the strip, the paper is rolled into rolls, which are placed vertically and loosely one to the other, several pieces in glass vessels depending on their capacity.

sti. The vessels are covered with a glass plate leaving a hole for ventilation and placed in a thermostat.

To carry out the counting, the rolls are removed from the vessels and unfolded on the table, carefully separating the top layer of paper.

(Changed edition - “Information Index of Standards” No. Yu, 1972).

2.9. A label filled in with a simple pencil is placed in each seed sample indicating the registration number of the sample, sample number, date of recording germination energy and germination. The plants with seeds are covered with glass plates on top. You can place the pots one on top of the other and cover only the top one with glass.

2.10. When germinating seeds, the following conditions must be observed:

a) maintain the required temperature in thermostats, checking it three times during the day (at the beginning, middle and end of the working day);

b) germination of seeds at variable temperatures should be carried out with a sharp change in temperature;

c) check the moisture state of the bed, avoiding drying out and waterlogging (for watering, use a spray bottle or watering can with a fine sieve);

d) at the bottom of the thermostat to humidify the air it is necessary to have a baking tray with water, replaced every three days;

e) ensure ventilation in thermostats, open the lids of Petri dishes for a few seconds every day;

f) thermostats should be washed with water and disinfected once every ten days;

g) before planting seeds for germination, disinfect the plants and other utensils with denatured alcohol, a solution of potassium permanganate by sterilizing in an oven at a temperature of 130 ° C or by boiling in water;

h) samples containing more than 5% moldy seeds must be transferred to another container.

3. ACCOUNTING THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS

3.1. The counting of sprouted seeds to determine germination and germination energy is carried out within the time limits specified in the appendix.

For crops with a seed germination period of more than 10 days, an intermediate count of sprouted seeds is carried out between determinations of germination energy and germination. In beets, a preliminary count of sprouted seeds is carried out on the third day.

The day of planting seeds for germination and the day of calculating germination energy or germination are counted as one day.

3.2. When counting sprouted seeds to determine germination energy, only normally sprouted and obviously rotten seeds are removed.

When calculating germination, normally germinated, swollen, hard, rotten and abnormally germinated seeds are taken into account separately.

3.3. Viable seeds in rye, wheat and corn include seeds that have normally developed roots (or one main root in corn) measuring at least the length of the seed and a sprout that is at least half the length of the seed; in barley and oats, normally developed roots or one main root no less than the length of the seed (Fig. 1); sunflower has one well-developed, pubescent root, the size of which, together with the subcotyledon, is no less than the length of the seed. In normally germinating sunflower seeds, the cotyledons should be easily freed from the seed and fruit coats.

In all other crops, germinating seeds are those that have a normally developed root no less than the length of the seed, and for round seeds no less than the diameter of the seed.

(Changed edition - “Informative Index of Standards” No. 10 1972).

3.4. Non-germinating seeds include:

a) swollen seeds that have not sprouted by the time of the final germination count, but have a healthy appearance and are not crushed when pressed with tweezers;

b) rotten seeds - with soft decomposed endosperm, with rotten embryo and cotyledons, with blackened embryo, with partially or completely rotten roots;

c) hard seeds, which by the established period for determining germination remained unswollen and did not change in appearance;

d) abnormally germinated seeds (Fig. 2):

with ugly shoots or roots; in which, although there is a sprout, there are no roots; with two broken cotyledons (in clover, alfalfa, etc.); having watery or thread-like roots without hairs; having roots with swellings and not having developed additional roots by the time of counting germination;

seedlings whose roots or sprouts have cracks and interceptions reaching the conductive tissues;

the seedlings of which have abnormally enlarged cotyledons and shortened roots;

In sunflower, abnormally germinated seeds are classified as non-germinating - all seedlings that are stunted in growth, without pubescence and with a damaged main root, which have not produced well-developed lateral roots (Figures 3 and 4).

(Changed edition - “Informative Index of Standards” No. 10 1972).

3.5. When determining germination and germination energy of seeds, seed damage is also taken into account mold fungi. The average percentage of affected seeds is determined from four samples and the degree of damage is established in accordance with the table. 1.

Five-day-old sunflower seedlings

K - normal seedling.

Categories of abnormal seedlings:

I n II - with a thick sub-lobular knee and a rotten or undeveloped root; /// - with a segmented subcotyledon and root; V - with a drop-shaped swelling of the hypocotyledon and an underdeveloped root; I/ -with a thread-like root.

Currently, the germination of wheat seeds is determined by germinating seeds in sand or filter paper. The procedure for preparing and conducting analysis is carried out on the basis of GOST 12038-84. This standard applies to seeds of agricultural crops (excluding sugar beet, flower crops and cotton) and establishes methods for determining germination.

For winter crops, the viability of seeds can be determined according to GOST 12039-82 and, based on the data obtained, a conclusion can be made about the germination of the analyzed batch of seeds. This method can be considered a method for express analysis of seeds for germination.

The current method for determining germination is based on germinating seeds in Petri or Koch dishes on calcined sand or filter paper.

Before analysis, four samples of one hundred seeds each are taken from the seeds of the main crop, isolated from samples when determining purity according to GOST 12037. If a seed sample is presented only to determine germination, then one sample is isolated from it and separated into seeds of the main crop and waste. Samples are taken from the seeds of the main crop for germination. All necessary equipment before analysis is washed in hot water with detergent, sterilized and disinfected. Materials used in analysis are also disinfected (washed and calcined).

Freshly harvested and dormant seeds are removed from dormancy before being analyzed for germination. There are several methods for removing seeds from dormancy: pre-cooling (seeds placed on a moistened bed are kept at a low temperature (from 5°C to 10°C) for three or four days for wheat grain), pre-heating (dry seeds, intended for germination, are heated in open bottles or in Petri dishes for five or seven days at a temperature of 30°C to 40°C), preliminary washing of seeds (before germination, the seeds are washed with water at room temperature for two or three minutes, then the seeds dried with filter paper), seed treatment with 0.2% aqueous solution of potassium nitrate or gibberellin.

Sand and chopped filter paper are moistened immediately before laying out the seeds for germination. The filter paper is moistened by immersing it in water and allowing excess water to drain off. Sand is moistened to 60% of its full moisture capacity. A bed is prepared from a moistened substrate on which the seeds are laid at a distance of 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters from each other.

The thermostats maintain the set temperature of 20°C, checking it three times a day: in the morning, mid-day and evening; it should not deviate by more than ±2°C. Germination of wheat seeds at variable temperatures is not provided for by GOST. It is necessary to ensure constant ventilation in thermostats. Open the lids of the Petri or Koch dishes for a few seconds every day.

Evaluation and recording of sprouted seeds when determining germination is carried out on the seventh and eighth days for soft and durum wheat, respectively. In this case, the day of planting seeds for germination and the day of counting germination are counted as one day. If all the seeds have germinated (completely or including rotten ones) before the established period, then the final period for recording germination can be shortened, and if the seedlings are insufficiently developed, it can be extended to three days.

After the analysis period has expired, the number of normally germinated seeds is manually counted. Normally germinated seeds include seeds that have:

well-developed, healthy-looking roots;

well-developed and intact subcotyledonous knee and epicotyledonous knee with normal apical bud;

two cotyledons;

primary leaflets occupying at least half the length of the coleoptile.

Seed germination is calculated as a percentage. The arithmetic mean of the results of determining the germination of all analyzed samples is taken as the result of the analysis, if, when determining the germination of seeds from four samples, the deviations of the analysis results of individual samples from the arithmetic mean do not exceed those indicated in Table 1.

Table 1. Permissible deviation of the results of analysis of individual samples from the arithmetic mean value

Currently, in the laboratories of the Russian Agricultural Center, germination is the main method for determining seed germination.

Long preparation times (from three to seven days) and analysis (from seven to eight days) for germination, manual processing of the results obtained make the current method ineffective for quickly assessing the germination of wheat seeds.

To reduce analysis time, an indirect method for determining germination by viability is used.

GOST 12039-82 establishes the following methods for determining viability:

tetrazole-topographic (TTM);

staining seeds with indigo carmine and sour fuchsin;

by the rate of seed swelling;

luminescent.

These methods are used to quickly obtain information about the quality of seeds when the seeds are dormant or require a long period of germination, and when assessing swollen but not germinated seeds after completion of the established germination period.

The tetrazole-topographic method for determining viability is most widely used in laboratories.

Today it is the main method for express analysis of seed quality, including assessment of germination.

Determination of viability is carried out using two samples of one hundred seeds each, selected from the seeds of the main crop, isolated in accordance with GOST 12037-81. Seeds are soaked in water for 15 to 18 hours (overnight) at a temperature of 20°C, and freshly harvested seeds are soaked at a temperature of 10°C to 15°C for the same time.

Wheat seeds are cut into two halves along the germ. Each prepared hundred seed halves are washed several times with water, completely immersed in a tetrazole solution and kept in the dark. The duration of holding at a temperature of 20°C is one and a half hours, and at 30°C: 40 - 50 minutes.

Another hundred seeds are canceled. After washing with water, the treated halves of the seeds are laid out on a plate or filtered paper.

The seeds are then examined with a magnifying glass or with the naked eye, keeping them moist throughout the examination.

Each seed is graded as viable or non-viable according to the staining chart.

Viable wheat seeds include seeds that:

the embryo is completely colored;

necrosis at the upper end of the scutellum and coleorhiza.

Seed viability is calculated as a percentage. The arithmetic mean of the results of the analysis of two samples is taken as the result of the analysis.

The discrepancy between the results of the analysis of two samples is allowed no more than that shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Permissible discrepancy between the results of the analysis of two samples

The advantage of methods for determining viability is that they reduce the time of analysis by 7 - 11 days. The disadvantages of these methods are the unsafe use of chemical reagents and the laboriousness of preparing grains for analysis. Currently, there is a centralized phasing out of the use of formaldehydes in viability testing and, as a consequence, of the methods associated with their use.

Finished

Thermostat No. Temperature

In the Dark Lodge

Germination energy, %

Germination rate, %

Seed viability
(GOST 12039-82)

Viability is understood as the content of living seeds in the seed material, expressed as a percentage of their total number. In the seeds of wheat, rye, oats, barley, peas, buckwheat, meadow clover, blue alfalfa, it is determined by the tetrazole-topographic (TTM) method, the method of staining seeds with indigo carmine and acid fuchsin, and by the rate of seed swelling. These methods make it possible to obtain rapid information about the quality of seeds when they are dormant, and to evaluate swollen but ungerminated seeds after their germination period has passed.

Viability is determined using two samples of 100 seeds each, which are taken from clean seeds when analyzing the samples for purity.

The tetrazole-topographic method is based on the ability of living cells, under the influence of redox processes, to reduce colorless tetrazole salts into bright red farmazan. As a result, living embryos acquire a red (crimson) color, while dead ones remain uncolored. To stain the embryos, use a 0.5% aqueous solution of tetrazole (5 g per 1000 cm 3 of distilled or freshly boiled water).

The seeds are pre-soaked in water for 15-<-18 ч (на ночь) при температуре 20 °С. Затем их разрезают на две половинки: зерновые - вдоль зародыша, зернобобовые - на две семядоли вдоль корешка, гречиху - по ребру семени. У овса после замачивания семян препаровальной иглой снимают цветковую чешую и разрезают их на две половинки. Каждую подготовленную сотню половинок семян несколько раз промывают водой, полностью погружают в раствор тетразола и выдерживают в темноте: зерновые 1 ч 30 мин при температуре 20°С или 40-50 мин при 30°С, зернобобовые 3-4 ч при температуре 30°С. При слабом окрашивании обработку можно продлить на 30-60 мин. Другая сотня половинок семян аннулируется. Обработанные половинки семян после промывания водой раскладывают на фильтровальной бумаге, просматривают и семена с зародышем, окрашенным в красный цвет, относят к жизнеспособным, а с неокрашенным - к нежизнеспособным.

The method of determining the viability of seeds by staining them with indigo carmine and acid fuchsin is based on the fact that the living plasma of embryonic cells is impermeable to a solution of indigo carmine and acid fuchsin, while dead plasma easily allows them to pass through and is stained.

For analysis, a 0.1% aqueous solution of indigo carmine or acid fuchsin is used. Indigo carmine (1 g per 1000 cm 3 of water) is prepared by boiling, acid fuchsine by dissolving in freshly boiled and cooled water. After soaking the seeds, cutting and washing, the halves are poured with a solution of indigo carmine or sour fuchsin, shaken so that the solution penetrates into the sections, and kept - grains for 10-15 minutes, legumes for 2-3 hours. After staining, the solution is drained, the seed halves are washed several times with water and laid out on filter paper. Halves of seeds with an uncolored embryo and with a colored tip of the root of the embryo are considered viable; halves of seeds with an embryo colored blue with indigo carmine and pink (red) with acid fuchsin are considered nonviable. Seed viability is calculated as a percentage as the arithmetic mean of the results of the analysis of two samples.

If the results of sample analysis differ by an amount exceeding the permissible discrepancy, the analysis is repeated. Viability is usually higher than germination. Sowing freshly harvested seeds based on viability, which in this case is equivalent to germination, is allowed only for winter crops.

Seed viability is expressed as a percentage as the arithmetic mean of the results of two determinations, rounded to the nearest whole number. Additionally, the arithmetic mean number of hard seeds is calculated.

Operating procedure:

· cut the seeds lengthwise, take one half of the seed for coloring, rinse;

· pour the seeds with a 0.5% solution of tetrazole or a 0.1% solution of indigo carmine, or sour fuchsin; after the staining period has expired (for tetrazole 1 hour . 30 minutes, for indigo carmine and sour fuchsin 10-15 minutes) drain the solution, rinse the seeds and spread them on filter paper;

· calculate the arithmetic mean percentage of seed viability, round to a whole number, establish the reliability of the analysis and write it down on the work card.

Seed Vigor

It is recommended to determine the vigor of seeds in addition to germination in order to have a more complete understanding of their ability to sprout in the field. In addition, growth strength is determined for comparative characteristics of seed lots and for scientific purposes. Growth vigor characterizes the ability of seedlings to break through to the surface of the sand. Under these conditions, sick, injured, weakened seedlings are better identified.

To determine it in grain seeds, two samples of 100 pieces each are taken from clean seeds. For scientific purposes, four samples of 100 seeds each are examined. For each seed sample, glass, porcelain, plastic or metal vessels are used, in which the seeds can be placed at a distance of 1-1.5 cm from each other. The height of the bed is 8 cm, the depth of planting wheat, rye, barley, oats is 5 cm, millet, buckwheat is 3 cm, peas are 6 cm, corn is 8 cm. Therefore, the height of the vessel should be from 11 to 16 cm. The vessels are filled with quartz sand, sifted on a sieve with a diameter of no more than 2 mm, washed and moistened to 60% of the full moisture capacity (15 ml per 100 g of sand). The sand is leveled, compacted, then the seeds are sown, pressed into the sand and covered with air-dry sand to the depth indicated above. A label is placed in each vessel with the number of the sample, replicate and date of inoculation.

Seeds are germinated in light at room temperature (about 20°C). Germination time varies depending on temperature. In most crops, germination after the sprouts emerge on the surface of the sand at 20°C lasts 4-5 days. For grain crops, it should be completed before the sprouts lodging (tilting). After the germination period ends, the sprouts are cut off at the surface of the sand and counted. If different batches or options are compared, then the cut sprouts are weighed with an accuracy of 0.2 g. Then dry sand is poured over the seeds, and normally developed sprouts, sick, ugly ones, as well as unsprouted ones - swollen and rotted - are taken into account. The obtained data is entered into table 24.

Table 24.

Germination time when determining growth vigor

Table 25.

Determination of growth force.

The strength of growth is determined as the arithmetic mean of the results of two samples, accurate to tenths of a percent, followed by rounding to the nearest whole number. The mass of 100 sprouts is taken into account to tenths of a gram. The reliability of the analysis is determined by the maximum permissible discrepancies. If the results of two samples differ by an amount exceeding the maximum permissible, the determination of seed growth vigor is repeated.

The method of morphophysiological assessment of seedlings is based on assessing the development of seedlings by the length and number of roots and the length of sprouts when germinating seeds in rolls of filter paper. In this case, the seedlings are divided into strong and weak. Growth vigor is expressed as the percentage of strong seedlings. This method applies to grains (except millet and rice) and peas.

From clean seeds, four samples of 100 seeds are counted (for corn, peas - four samples of 50 pieces). Seeds are germinated between strips of moistened filter paper (20x100 cm), two layers on the bottom and one on top, rolled into a roll. One sample is placed on each roll. On the first page write the sample number, replicate number and date of recording the growth force. On the second strip, a line is drawn from the top edge at a distance of 5 cm. The folded two strips are moistened by immersing them in water, and then, allowing excess water to drain, they are placed on the table so that the strip with the inscription is at the bottom. Cereal seeds are laid out evenly along the line with the embryo down, and pea and buckwheat seeds - randomly. Then the third strip is moistened and covered with seeds. To improve air exchange during seed germination, a correx tape is applied to the third strip, in the area where the seeds are located, or the strips are loosely rolled up. The rolls are placed in a vertical position in vessels, at the bottom of which a small amount of water is poured or 2-3 layers of damp filter paper are placed. Germination of all crops is carried out at a temperature of 20 0 C in the dark for five days.

After the germination period of all crops has expired, the rolls are unrolled, the top strip of filter paper is removed and the seedlings are assessed. First, the number of normally developed growths that have at least two roots is determined. In crops that germinate with one root, in the absence of the main root, adventitious roots should be well developed. Sprouts with an intact coleoptile, and the leaves in the coleoptile occupy at least half of its length. Then, from the normally developed ones, strong seedlings are isolated according to the established parameters (Table 26).

Table 26.

Parameters for assessing the quality of sprouts

The results of counting strong and weak seedlings, as well as abnormally germinated and non-germinated ones in each repetition are recorded in the form:

The vigor of seed growth is calculated as the arithmetic mean of strong seedlings from four samples and expressed as a percentage as an integer.

The procedure for determining the growth force in sand:

· moisten the sand and fill a vessel at least 8 cm high, level, compact;

· sow seeds, press into sand, cover with dry sand;

The procedure for determining the growth force in rolls:

· count four samples from clean seeds of the sample; prepare two strips of filter paper (20 x 100 cm), moisten, spread the seeds, cover with a third strip of moistened filter paper, roll up the roll, place in a container in a thermostat;

Control questions:

1. Seed science as a science.

2. Development of seed science in Russia.

3. The role of high-quality seed material in increasing crop yields.

4. Development and state of seed control in Russia.

5. Sowing qualities of seeds and methods for their determination.

6. Preparing seeds for sowing and sowing.

7. Types of seed injuries and their classification.

8. Methods for determining seed injury.

9. Methods for releasing seeds from dormancy.

10. Indicators characterizing the sowing qualities of seeds. GOST for seed quality.

11. Rules for selecting and receiving an average seed sample for research.

12. Field germination and its significance.

13. The concept of seed viability, methods for determining it, the meaning of viability.

14. The energy of seed germination and the strength of seed growth, the concept and methods of their determination.

Tests:

A. Number of average samples obtained from the pooled sample to determine the quality of the seed:

B. Sowing qualities of seeds studied to calculate seeding rates:

1. weight of 1000 seeds;

2. shape of the grain;

3. the number of germinal roots during seed germination.

B. In main crops, germination is determined during:

3 weeks.

G. Seed growing studies:

1. morphological and anatomical features of seeds and physiological processes occurring in them.

2. a system of measures to ensure the propagation of varietal seeds;

3. features of harvesting cultivated crops;

D. Variety is:

1. replacement of seeds, the varietal qualities of which have deteriorated during cultivation in production, with better seeds of the same variety;

2. replacement of old varieties with new zoned varieties, more productive and valuable in terms of technological qualities of products;

3. removal from the crops of the main variety of impurities of other varieties and varieties of the same crop.

E. Variety renewal is:

1. replacing seeds whose varietal qualities have deteriorated with better seeds of the same variety;

2. replacement of old varieties cultivated in production with new zoned varieties that are more productive;

3. removal from the sowing of the main variety of impurities of other varieties and varieties of the same crop.

G. With an increase in the number of viable and clean seeds, the seeding rate is:

1. increases;

2. decreases;

3. remains unchanged.

H. With an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds, the seeding rate is:

1. increases;

2. decreases;

3. remains unchanged.

I. Commonly accepted weight unit for measuring seeding rates:

K. Determining the indicator m 1000 seeds is necessary for:

1. determining the optimal storage mode;

2. selection of the optimal period and method of cleaning;

3. calculating the seeding rate.

Seed germination is understood as the number of normally germinated seeds in a sample taken for analysis, expressed as a percentage.

The germination of seeds is determined by germinating them under optimal conditions established by the standard for each crop. Simultaneously with germination, germination energy is determined. Germination energy, which characterizes the rate of seed germination, is understood as the number of normally germinated seeds within a certain period established for each crop, expressed as a percentage.

Germination and germination energy of seeds are the most important indicators of their sowing qualities. Seeds with good germination and high germination energy under normal agricultural technology always produce vigorous and full-fledged seedlings. Seed germination is of great production importance: it determines their suitability for sowing and their seeding rate.

The standard for varietal and sowing qualities of seeds places high demands on germination standards.

For example, the germination rate of first class soft wheat seeds must be at least 95%.

Seeds that do not meet the germination requirements of the standard are prohibited from being used for sowing. When sowing seeds with low germination, the yield is reduced; It is more expedient to use such seeds for food and technical purposes.

To determine germination, four samples of 100 seeds each are counted in a row from the seeds of the main crop isolated for purity analysis. For large-seeded crops (peanuts, beans, broad beans, castor beans), four samples of 50 seeds each are counted.

Seeds are germinated in plants, Petri dishes placed in a thermostat, or in a special apparatus for germinating seeds in the light, subject to the conditions established by the standard for individual crops.

To germinate seeds, quartz sand or filter paper is used as a bedding (bed). Quartz sand is pre-washed, removing clay particles, calcined and sifted through a sieve with holes 0-1.0 mm. The sufficient calcination of the sand is judged by the charring of a strip of paper placed in the calcining sand. When reusing sand, it must be thoroughly washed, sifted and calcined again.

Filter paper is used white, not colored with a toxic compound. It is used in the form of circles (in Petri dishes) and in the form of strips (for germination in baths with a constant supply of water).

To wilt the litter, use water at room temperature. The litter (filter paper or sand) is moistened immediately before planting the seeds for germination. The sand is moistened to 60% of the full moisture capacity, for legumes - up to 80%, and for rice seeds - to the full moisture capacity. The filter paper is moistened to full moisture capacity by lowering it into a cup of water, and the excess moisture drains off. To prevent the litter from drying out, place a baking tray with water at the bottom of the thermostat. The water is changed periodically. Sand, moistened to the required moisture capacity, is placed in the pot up to 2/3 of its height and leveled.

During germination, seeds are placed using a spreader counter or manually evenly at a distance of at least 0.5-1.5 cm from each other, depending on their size.

During germination, the seeds are buried flush with the sand. After laying out the seeds of each sample, place a label on the litter and indicate the sample number, sample number (hundreds) and the date of recording germination energy and germination. Inscriptions on labels are made only with a simple pencil. Plants with seeds are placed one on top of the other, and the topmost one is covered with a glass plate.

When germinating seeds, it is necessary to maintain the required temperature in the thermostat and record it at the beginning, middle and end of the working day. Germination of seeds at variable temperatures must be carried out when there is a sudden change in temperature.

The litter should not be allowed to dry out; to do this, moisten it using a spray bottle or watering can with a fine sieve.

At the prescribed time, seeds are counted to determine germination energy and germination.

Viable seeds of wheat, rye and corn include seeds that have normally developed roots (or one main root for corn) measuring at least the length of the seed and a sprout that is at least half the length of the seed; Barley and oats have normally developed roots or one main root no less than the length of the seed.

In all other crops, germinating seeds are those that have a normally developed root no less than the length of the seed, and in round seeds no less than the diameter of the seed.

Non-germinating seeds include: abnormally germinated; with ugly shoots or roots; without roots; with watery or thread-like roots without hairs; having roots with swellings and not having developed additional roots by the time of counting germination; swollen seeds that have not sprouted by the time of the final count of germination, but have a healthy appearance and are not crushed with tweezers; hard seeds that, by the established period for determining germination, remained unswollen and did not change in appearance. In addition, non-germinating seeds include seeds whose seedlings, roots or sprouts have cracks and interceptions reaching the vascular tissues, as well as seeds whose seedlings have abnormally enlarged cotyledons and shortened roots.

Rotten seeds include seeds with soft, decomposed endosperm, with a rotten or blackened embryo, with rotten cotyledons, as well as developed roots that are partially or completely rotten by the time of counting.

When counting sprouted seeds to determine germination energy, only normally sprouted and obviously rotten seeds are removed.

When calculating germination, normally germinated, swollen, hard, rotten and abnormally germinated seeds are taken into account separately. The percentage of seed germination is calculated as the arithmetic mean of four samples, taking into account permissible deviations according to the standard.

The average percentage of germinated and ungerminated seeds is calculated to the second decimal place.

The final result of determining germination is expressed as whole percentages, with fractions of less than 0.5% being discarded, and fractions of 0.5% or more being considered 1%.

Tolerances should be applied before rounding the germination percentage.

Simultaneously with determining germination and germination energy, the damage to seeds by mold fungi is taken into account. The average percentage of affected seeds is determined from four samples, after which the degree of damage is determined based on the following data.