Let's compare the methods using the example of one product. We calculated the production cost different methods plastic case with dimensions 165 mm ⅹ 95 mm ⅹ 75 mm.

Casting plastic into both silicone molds and molds begins with designing a 3D model product in CAD programs (SolidWorks, AutoCAD, FreeCAD).

Drawing. Development of a 3D model in AutoCAD.

If the future product has no predecessors or analogues, a 3D model is developed based only on the requirements of the technical specifications.

If the product is not unique, references are used during design - standard samples of the product.

After creating the 3D model digitally, we move on to production of a prototype. It will help evaluate the functionality of the developed product. During the prototyping stages, design changes do not incur significant costs.

A prototype of a plastic product is made on a 3D printer.

Drawing. Creating a prototype on a 3D printer.

The product made from a 3D printer has a layered surface. If the customer is satisfied with this type of quality, the remainder of the modest edition is printed on a printer and undergoes a polishing procedure.

If the requirements are higher or it is necessary to obtain a larger volume of output, we use methods of casting plastics into molds. Let's consider small-scale and large-scale production separately.

Small-scale production: plastic injection molding into silicone

For small-scale production use . To create a master model, the 3D printed prototype is varnished and sanded to obtain a smooth surface.

The master model is half immersed in a clay base and filled with a mixture of silicone and hardener. The poured mold is left in the chamber for degassing and hardening for 24 hours.

As a result, we get half a silicone mold for casting.

Then we repeat the process and get the second half. We connect two elements of the form using a frame for rigidity. Fill the silicone mold with polyurethane and leave it in the chamber.

Depending on the type of plastic, the hardening time ranges from 4 to 24 hours.

Large series production: plastic injection molding

At large-scale production the most resource-intensive stage is manufacturing made of metal. Molds are durable and make it possible to produce products with high precision detailing.

Drawing. Metal mold for plastic injection.

During the molding process, plastics are fed into an automatic thermoplastic machine, where they are melted, homogenized and high pressure injected into the mold. First, the material hardens near the cold walls, then inside the casting body.

After cooling, the mold opens, the product goes to the final processing stage, and the mold goes to a new casting cycle. The cycle is completed by final processing of the part: cutting off the sprue, milling, applying a soft-touch coating.

Overview of plastic injection molding materials

Let's consider the types of materials that are used for casting.

For 3D printing , as a rule, thermoplastics or composite materials based on them. The most popular types: polyactide, polyvinyl alcohol, nylon, metal simulants.

For casting in silicone mold polyurethanes are used that can withstand temperatures from −60 °C to +80 °C.
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This article is the result of several experiments on making your own plastic. I hope the material presented below will be useful in scientific and applied creativity.

Step 1: What we need

For the experiment we will need the following:

• PVA glue;
• Talc;
• Mixing container;
• Plastic toothpick;
• Palette.

Step 2:

I installed a plastic toothpick (as a whisk) into the chuck of an engraver or mini-drill.

Step 3: Mix the solution

I admit that despite my efforts (I closed the cup), I most likely lost a couple of grams of talc during stirring. I recommend pouring talc first, and then adding glue.

I made a second batch, changing the proportions of 30 g of glue to 70 g of talc.

Step 4: Drying

Made a palette from cardboard box, first rubbed the surface of the cardboard with paraffin so that the samples did not stick to it.

He laid out the "experimental" subjects. I tried to ensure that the samples were approximately the same thickness (both over the entire area and in relation to each other). I left it to dry overnight.

Step 5: Analysis

After the samples had dried, I carefully removed them from the palette.

The pure PVA sample remained light-colored. The other two turned white from talcum powder.

It's time to run some tests.

Tactile test:

• The control sample was soft, like a piece of latex.
• The 50/50 sample (glue/talc) was elastic, bent strongly, but stretched much worse.
• The 70/30 sample was very strong, but still flexed. I couldn't stretch it.

All samples were cut with a utility knife. I expected a sample with big amount talc, it will be more difficult to cut through.

Step 6: Processing

Now let's test how the resulting plastic can be processed.

Using an engraver (mini drill) and a small sanding drum, I tried to form a right angle on each sample.

The control sample was so soft that it immediately sagged as soon as the drum touched it.

Sample 50/50. It turned out to be a nice clean corner, but the glue melted due to friction. As a result, a “edge” was formed, which significantly complicated further processing (strong beating appeared).

Sample 70/30. Clean corner. There is no “edging” - minimal runout.

Step 7: Exposure to Fire

We introduce samples directly into the flame.

The control sample ignited immediately. The flame from the combustion was large. During the combustion process, a significant amount of smoke was released.

Sample 50/50. Lasted about 60 seconds before the flames took hold of him. The flame was small and spread slowly. The burned areas crumbled into dust.

Sample 70/30. Resisted for more than 3 minutes before it ignited. The flame was very small and died out within 3-4 seconds after it had spread 2mm from the edge.

Step 8: Shaping

This test was the most interesting.

If you make a large sheet of such plastic, will it be possible to form a blank from it by heating?

I applied indirect heat to the samples and bent them at a 90 degree angle on the edge of the workbench. Then I left them to cool. As a result we have the following:

The control sample bent under during heating own weight. After it cooled down, put it on a flat surface and it became flat again.

Sample 50/50. It bent quite well with a relatively small amount of heating. As soon as it cooled down, I placed it on a flat surface and saw the following: the sample lost its shape a little, the angle changed by about 20 degrees.

Sample 70/30. I had to warm it up considerably before bending it. The sample cooled down, I put it on flat surface and the angle did not lose even one degree. He still has flexibility, but he always tries to return the angle to 90 degrees.

Step 9: Conclusions

Plastic obtained by mixing PVA with talc in proportions 70/30:

• keeps its shape;
• amenable to mechanical processing;
• Not flammable.

Thank you for your attention. I sincerely hope that the material presented will be useful in the manufacture of various homemade products.

Business idea for organizing small-scale production of products from various injection molding materials at home. Thanks to innovative technologies, today in the production of plastic products it is possible to do without expensive automatic thermoplastic machines. Moreover, you can set up small-scale mini-production right on your desktop. This business idea can be considered in two directions:

1. As the main business of manufacturing finished products and molds by casting from: liquid:
   • plastic;
   • silicone;
   • polyurethane;
   • transparent resins and other materials.
2. Mold making as an effective addition to other types of business in the area:
   • construction;
   • Food Industry;
   • soap making

In the first and second cases, casting at home does not require large financial investments. You can start an injection molding business simply now.

Manufacturing using liquid plastics

The manufacturing process is carried out using liquid plastics and silicone molds. Now it is possible to produce plastic products in small batches at home:

• souvenirs;
• toys;
• costume jewelry;
• spare parts for auto tuning;
• spare parts for different mechanical devices;
• shoes;
• dishes

There are components for the manufacture of parts from thin-walled plastic, which can significantly expand the range of products and produce parts of any complexity. For example, mixing two components of the Axson FASTCAST F32 brand from a French manufacturer allows you to obtain super- liquid plastic, which flows away from the smallest folds of the relief of the model's shape. In addition, it is harmless to children and has no odor.

Pre-production

To organize production, you will first need a sample model. Using it, you first need to make a mold from special silicone or polyurethane components. With experience and the quality of materials, you can learn to remove molds from models at such a high level that fingerprints will even be visible on the products (if necessary). That is, the copy will be at the level of identity, which cannot be distinguished with the naked eye. Plastic products can be given complex compounds with any relief. If there is no ready-made model for a sample, but you need to make unique products, you can order it from the owners of a 3D printer. By the way, casting significantly exceeds the productivity of 3D printing from plastic.

When your product is ready, you can design it using related products that come with liquid plastics:

• paints for artistic effects;
• primers;
• glue.

Naturally, in some cases you cannot do without creativity, and you will have to manually paint the products, which may affect productivity. But creating every business is undoubtedly a creative process. After all, financial management is an art.

We make a product from liquid plastic

The technology for creating an ideal small relief when making it in a silicone mold with your own hands. First you need to prepare all the components and materials. We will need:

1. Silicone Platinum.
2. Liquid plastic Axson FASTCAST F18 (white color, has the consistency of water, odorless!).
3. Scarlet dye for silicone.
4. Polyurethane varnish.
5. Scales.
6. Syringe.
7. File-buff.

We securely fix the sample model to the bottom of the formwork to form the mold, using neutral wax plasticine (to avoid leakage of silicone). We paint the silicone from which the finished mold will be made scarlet, so that the quality of mixing the components of the liquid, white to the color of the plastic can be clearly seen on the mold. Helpful advice: in order for the shape to be perfect, you should first coat the sample model with silicone using a wide brush. Thus, carefully fill all the depressions of the relief with compound. Only after this, fill the form completely. We fill the entire formwork with silicone. Leave it for 7-8 hours to fix the mold structure. The hardest part is over.

Congratulations!!! Now you have a ready-made mold for repeated production of copies of the sample model. Before starting casting, make sure the mold is completely dry to avoid bubbles. Then we very carefully mix the plastic components 1:1 by weight (for this it is better to use a pharmacy or laboratory electronic scale). Setting time is 7 minutes, but it will take another 20 minutes to fully set. This plastic is neutral to silicone and does not stick to it. But after repeated use of the compounds over time, you may need a release lubricant with the protective properties of EaseRelease. After the required time has elapsed, we take out the finished product, which is copied exactly according to the sample.

Polyurethane forms for construction

Together with plastic products casting molds can be produced. The use of injection molds in construction is now very popular. It is possible to produce compounds for the production of building materials. They are durable and do not require treatment with special release lubricants during manufacturing. After all, concrete is absolutely neutral to polyurethane. For example, liquid polyurethane compounds make it possible to produce molds for filling:

• concrete decorative items(tiles, fences, etc.);
• plaster elements of interior decoration (balusters, stucco, etc.);
• liquid plastic when creating a wide variety of products (souvenirs, toys, figurines, etc.).

Silicone molds for confectionery and soap making

The application of mold casting technology in the food industry is quite obvious. New innovative solutions in the field of chemistry today offer liquid: plastics, silicones, silicone masses that meet all health standards and have the appropriate certificates. Such safe components can be used to make molds for the food industry. For example, for production:

• chocolate;
• caramel;
• isomalt;
• ice;
• mastics.

Compounds are also used in great demand from soap makers. They always need new ones original forms, to create sellable souvenirs made from soap. It is not at all difficult to find a customer who wants to make their products with a unique shape.

Opportunities for a small business idea

This business idea makes it easy to create popular products with your own hands. Finished works can be sold through an online store. It is also possible to provide services or sell finished compounds to other manufacturers in other industries. The most important thing is that with all these wide possibilities of home business, the cost of components is more than affordable. The range of components is wide and allows you to choose necessary materials to create shapes or fill them. All that is required is a sample model from which the mold will be removed. This business idea is very attractive for a home business. It does not require a lot of expenses, allows you to produce useful goods and is exciting creative process production.

You've probably come across this many times on the Internet. various crafts from the so-called BISCUIT. These are toys various decorations, flowers... A lot of products can be made from this material.
What is it? The word BISCUIT can be translated as BISCUIT. But this is not a completely correct translation. This is not a mixture for a culinary biscuit, although some of the ingredients are indeed culinary, but the end result is a plastic mass, like dough. In this case, all these products are made from plastic mass- differently, we call it PLASTIC. It is also called “cold porcelain”. It’s just that when exposed to air, a product made from such a plastic mass very quickly hardens, hardens and becomes very durable, like porcelain. This mass is very plastic, you can easily sculpt from it various products.

Plastic should not be confused with plasticine! These are completely different things. Plastic hardens in air, plasticine does not.

You can buy ready-made plastic in office supply stores. By the way, it's not that cheap. Yes, and there are colors that are far from being what we would like. Therefore, recipes have appeared for preparing such a plastic mass at home from ingredients that are quite easy to buy. But you need to very carefully observe the proportions and take those components that are indicated in the list - do everything strictly according to the recipe.

I will give an example of one recipe that I found on the Internet and which has photographs of the stages of work, which simplifies the work. The accompanying text was on foreign language, so I had to translate it and add my own comments.

• 1 cup (250 g) white PVA glue,
• 1 glass (250 gr.) corn starch,
• 1 tablespoon Vaseline,
• 2 tablespoons lemon juice,
• 1 tablespoon hand cream (non-greasy and silicone-free).

• Mixing bowl - glass fireproof,
• Plastic spatula,
• Substrate for rolling out the mass,
• Spoon for stirring the mass,
• A piece of plastic film.

1. Pour into a fireproof bowl

Pour in

and add

Mix everything very thoroughly with a spoon.

2. Then add

(or husky, as in the photo) and stir everything until a plastic, homogeneous mass is obtained.

3. Place the bowl in the microwave for 1 minute - maximum power. After the first 30 seconds, stir the mixture well. Leave for the second 30 seconds and remove from the microwave.

4. Spread the hand cream over the surface on which you will then spread the mixture from the bowl.

5. Take a bowl with the mixture.

(it formed there) and throw it away. We only need plastic mass.

6. Pour the remaining mass onto the cream-smeared table.

7. Now knead the mass as you usually knead dough. Using a spatula, scrape everything off the surface. Knead vigorously for 5 minutes until it becomes flexible and elastic.

8. When finished, shape the dough into a thick sausage. Place the sausage on the fabric - it should absorb excess moisture.

9. When the dough has cooled completely, wrap it in plastic film. The plastic mass is ready for use.

For coloring you can use:

Do not put a lot of paint at once, it is better to add it in portions, gradually, stirring. Each portion of colored plastic should be kept separately wrapped in plastic bag- they all need to be placed in Plastic container with a tight lid - keep in the refrigerator.

1. If you use a small piece of plastic in your work, cut it off from the main briquette. Place the briquette back in the refrigerator. Either use the cut piece immediately for work, or put it in glass jar and close the lid until you use it. The mixture will dry quickly in air.
2. It is better to work with plastic on a special plastic substrate to which it will not stick.
3. Tools and the substrate must be constantly cleaned so that crumbs or pieces of mass do not fall on the product.
4. If you need to glue some parts of the product, you can do this using PVA glue.

When working with plastic, you may need the tools shown in the photo: various plastic stacks, molds, a rolling pin for rolling out the mass, a ruler, caps from ordinary pens, an ice cream stick, a lollipop stick, etc. It all depends on the product you are making and your imagination.

And what kind of cars you can make for a baby! For inspiration on the topic of vehicles, take a look at the catalog website

Source: http://present-cama.livejournal.com/tag/Recipe%20making%20%22plastics%22%20%20at home

Potato starch it's traditional food product in our country and in other European countries.
Potato starch is distinguished by the fact that it forms viscous, transparent pastes that are unstable during storage, mixing and thermal exposure.
It is used both in everyday life for the preparation of jelly, and in the food industry in the production of boiled sausages, frankfurters and small sausages, for thickening soups and gravies, and stabilizing creams.
For technical purposes, potato starch is used after preliminary modification in the paper and textile industries, as well as for the production of glue.

Corn starch- the cheapest and most accessible product is widely used in all countries of the world, especially in the USA.
The pastes of this starch are characterized by relatively low viscosity, low transparency, and stable properties during storage, mixing and thermal exposure.
After cooking, they retain the smell and specific taste of the grain.
When cooled, the concentrated pastes form a strong gel.
Corn starch is used in the production of molasses and glucose, as well as in the baking, confectionery, paper and textile industries.

Another recipe for cold porcelain and step by step instructions for making it at home.

What you will need:

3/4 cup PVA glue

1/2 cup water

1 tsp cream (for example, such as Pond's)

1 tsp glycerin (or petroleum jelly)

1 cup cornstarch, plus a little extra for hands

Let's see step by step how to prepare cold porcelain at home using this recipe without using a microwave.

Prepare all the ingredients in advance before you start.

If possible, use old dishes. Even though cold porcelain is non-toxic, it is very sticky and will simply ruin good dishes.

1. Combine all liquid ingredients in a saucepan. Place it on medium heat. Start stirring and continue until the mixture is smooth.

2. Add starch and continue stirring. Get ready - the mixture will begin to change its consistency very quickly. Keep stirring.

3. At first it will look like liquid cottage cheese...

4. ...and after a few minutes it will begin to resemble mashed potatoes. When the mass begins to gather in a lump and lag behind the walls of the pan, it is ready.

5. Wrap it in clean wet kitchen towel. Then start kneading it with your hands. Since it is still very hot, to avoid getting burned, soak a towel in cold water, cover the pan with it and dump the mixture onto a towel. Now take a second and fill the pan hot water with dishwashing liquid and soak all the tools you used in it.

6. Knead the mixture through a towel until it is cool enough to handle with bare hands.

7. Smear a little cornstarch on your palms and continue kneading without a towel. Place a bowl of starch nearby and dip your hands in it periodically. This way the mass will not stick to your hands. You can also sprinkle work surface starch so that the porcelain does not stick to it.

8. This recipe will yield a lump approximately the size of a grapefruit. After about another five minutes, the mass will become what it should be - soft, plastic and not sticky. The mass of cold porcelain is painted with acrylic or oil paint. This is done precisely at this stage.

While you wash the dishes, place the mixture in a tightly sealed container or plastic bag. The dishes need to be washed, otherwise they will dry out and then it will be much more difficult to wash them.
By the way, when you start sculpting, use something like a portable board, etc. For example, a baking tray covered with aluminum foil. When you're done, while the item is drying, you can always put it somewhere so that it won't bother you and you won't bother him.

Modern society has been able to appreciate such a material, remarkable in its properties and durability, as plastic. Now it is used everywhere: in various mechanisms, toys, dishes, souvenirs, and almost all our household items cannot do without this material. At the same time, to manufacture plastic products it is not at all necessary to have complex and expensive equipment; for this, a minimum of funds for the purchase of materials and own wish. You can even organize your own small enterprise for the production of plastic items in your own apartment.
Self-production of plastic products
Making plastic products with your own hands can be useful in different ways. life situations, such as:
A plastic part in any device has broken or worn out. In the store it may be expensive or not sold at all. A cheap alternative is to make it yourself.
Opening your own small business for making souvenirs, jewelry, toys, dishes or other items.
As a way to realize your creative potential through sculpting plastic art objects.
A wonderful opportunity to do something together with children, which will be very useful for their development. The child will be able to master the process of making any objects, develop his fine motor skills, imagination and creativity. A common interesting activity will help you become closer and make your family stronger.
For people involved in cars, this is a way to purchase some spare parts, as well as tuning elements (including original ones), without serious expenses.
Materials used for the manufacture of plastic products
Today, all the materials necessary for the production of plastic products can be easily purchased in specialized stores, and even in those that sell construction or household goods. To start production, you need to purchase liquid plastic, as well as special silicone, from which you will make molds for your products. Of course, for the manufacture of a single copy, which does not have to meet accuracy requirements, you can do without them. But if you want to make several identical items, and even more so if you intend to launch mass production, then silicone molds will be very useful to you.
Where to begin?
Initially, you need to make or select a template model. It can be made from wood, cardboard, or even sculpted from plasticine. Or you can use a ready-made item made in a store. If you need to recreate a damaged element of any device, then you should use the broken object as a template, gluing it with any glue, or supplementing the missing elements with plasticine.
The template needs to be processed special solutions, this is especially true for paper or wooden models that can absorb water well. Liquid wax or paraffin works well for these purposes.
When purchasing silicone, make sure that it has a lower viscosity for optimal flow around the models. To make a mold, you need to place the prepared template in the container and fill it to the brim with liquid silicone. After drying, you will have an excellent shape that conveys the fullness of the product’s shape.
Casting a plastic product
Do-it-yourself production of plastic products occurs according to the following algorithm:
1. Prepare a silicone mold. It should dry well if used for the first time. When reusing it, it must be cleaned and wiped dry so that particles do not fall on the new product.
2. After thoroughly mixing the liquid substance, pour it into the mold. The entire volume of the form must be filled, and even a little more.
3. Next, you should manually release any air bubbles that have formed. After this, the volume of material will become smaller and take up exactly as much space as necessary.
4. After 6-8 hours, the product can be removed from the mold. Then it can be painted and polished.
As you can see, making plastic products is not a complicated procedure at all, which, under the supervision of an adult, even a child can cope with. This way you can create your own household items or other products. At the same time, the pleasure of making good things with your own hands is limitless, and creativity will definitely draw you in and make the creation of plastic objects your hobby, or even an interesting and very profitable business.