Map of highways of Western Siberia with cities. Siberia on the map of Russia

Siberia is gigantic territory Russia, located beyond the Urals. The Ural ridge itself is the dividing line, cutting off Russian Europe from Siberia.

Siberia. Borders

During the time of the Mongols, this entire territory was captured by the great Mongolia. But, in essence, the territory was always very uncrowded. This is not surprising - nomadic life in the steppes was harsh and dangerous. And in the forests it was not possible to feed themselves on a small patch, since hunters directly depended on animals and fish.

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When the Mongol Empire crumbled into feudal territories, they were gradually taken over by the Russian tsars. First, the Cossack Ermak Timofeevich conquered for the king the capital of the Siberian Khanate, which was called Siberia. The Tsar took Siberia under his hand and appointed a tribute in furs. However, the spread began later. Russian weapons in Siberia were guaranteed protection against nomads, so local rulers willingly went along with the Russian Tsar.

For protection, strong points were created - forts, in which a military contingent with weapons and supplies was stationed. They conducted patrol service in remote areas. Subsequently, many of them developed into large cities. Nowadays, Siberia is a rich and vast territory, however, for the most part, the wealth is seasoned with a harsh climate and poor lands. But, in reality, there are not many regions in Russia that are so lucky Krasnodar region, or Tatarstan.

The fact that Siberia is part of the territory Russian Federation(and most of it), everyone knows. And they heard about its countless riches, and about its beauty, and about its significance for the country - most likely, too. But where exactly Siberia is located, many find it difficult to answer. Even Russians will not always be able to show it on the map, not to mention foreigners. And all the more difficult will be the question of where is Western Siberia and where is its eastern part.

Geographical location of Siberia

Siberia is a region that unites many administrative-territorial units of Russia - regions, republics, autonomous okrugs and territories. Its total area is approximately 13 million square kilometers, which is 77 percent of the entire territory of the country. A small part of Siberia belongs to Kazakhstan.

To understand where Siberia is, you need to take a map, find it on it and “walk” from there to the east all the way to Pacific Ocean(the route will be approximately 7 thousand km). And then find the Arctic Ocean and go down “from its shores” to the north of Kazakhstan and to the borders with Mongolia and China (3.5 thousand km).

It is within these limits that Siberia is located, occupying the northeastern part of the Eurasian continent. In the west it ends at the foot of the Ural Mountains, in the east it is limited by the Oceanic Ridges. The north of Mother Siberia “flows” into the Arctic Ocean, and the south abuts the rivers: Lena, Yenisei and Ob.

And all this is the richest natural resources and untrodden paths, the space is usually divided into Western Siberia and Eastern Siberia.

Where is it? Geographical location

The western part of Siberia extends from the Ural Mountains to the Yenisei River for 1500-1900 kilometers. Its length is a little more - 2500 km. And the total area is almost 2.5 million square kilometers (15% of the territory of the Russian Federation).

Most of lies on the West Siberian Plain. It covers such regions of the Russian Federation as Kurgan, Tyumen, Omsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk (partially). It also includes the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Altai region, Altai Republic, Khakassia and the western part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Where is Eastern Siberia located? Features of the territorial location

Most of Siberia is called Eastern. Its territory covers about seven million square kilometers. It stretches east from the Yenisei River to the mountain formations separating the Arctic and Pacific oceans.

The northernmost point of Eastern Siberia is considered to be the southern limit - the borders with China and Mongolia.

This part is located mainly in and covers the Taimyr Territory, Yakutia, Tungus, Irkutsk Region, Buryatia, and Transbaikalia.

Thus, the answer to the question of where Siberia is located has been received, and finding it on the map will not be a problem. It remains to supplement theoretical knowledge with practical knowledge and find out what Siberia is like personal experience traveler

A detailed map of the largest region - Siberia with its cities and regions, includes regional centers, urban settlements and autonomous entities, which are also subjects of the Russian Federation.

It is considered the richest territory, which has huge reserves of minerals, including natural gas, coal, manganese, potash, uranium, iron ores, gold, oil.

Map of Siberia with cities and regions, its total geographical area is at least 12 million 578 thousand square meters. km. If we include the lands of the Far East, then this figure is doubled. In relation to the rest of the Russian Federation, Siberia makes up at least 74% of the total area of ​​the state.

For more convenient orientation and symbols- this region is divided into its natural areas, namely:

The Siberian region is home to most of the largest rivers in Russia, Europe and Asia in terms of area, length and depth:

• Amur;
• Irtysh;
• Yenisei;
• Lena;
• Angara.

Among lake reservoirs, Baikal can be distinguished, which is a natural heritage of the country, which has no analogues in world geography. The highest mountain peak in the region is Mount Belukha (4.5 thousand m), which is located in the highlands of Altai.

Regions of the Siberian Federal District

A map of Siberia with cities and regions, its administrative structure, includes a standard division into regional centers with the definition of their territorial boundaries, as well as subjects of the Russian Federation that have the status of a republic.

Below are all the regions of this district:

• Omsk region- a territorial entity, where about 1.9 million people live, and its area is 14 thousand square meters. km.
• Kemerovo region - a region of Siberia where active mining of coal and iron ore is carried out, and most of the metallurgical industry is concentrated.
• Tomsk region- the population is just over 1 million people, and the region’s territory is covered with dense taiga forests.
• Novosibirsk region- the industrial part of the Russian Federation with a population of 2.7 million people, which continues to grow steadily.
• Altai region- the capital of the territorial entity is Barnaul, and the total population is 2.35 million people.
• Irkutsk region- the southeastern part of Siberia, the area of ​​which is 774 square meters. km.
• Krasnoyarsk region - is one of the largest regions of its type, located in the eastern part of Siberia.
• The Republic of Khakassia- the capital is Abakan, the total area of ​​the subject is 61.5 km. sq., population - 537 thousand people.
• Tyva Republic- occupies 0.98% of the entire area of ​​the Russian state.

All administrative units of Siberia are represented by local authorities in the form of city administrations.

Republican entities have a president, head of government and chairman of the local council, with a separation of judicial, legislative, and executive branches of government. All of them are integrated into the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Cities of the Siberian Federal District

The map of Siberia with cities and regions of the Russian Federation is represented by the following large, medium and small settlements of this type:

• Omsk;
• Miner;
• Yarovoe;
• Krasnoyarsk;
• Novoaltaysk;
• Ulan-Ude;
• Barnaul;
• Babushkin;
• Severobaykalsk;
• Irkutsk;
• Slavgorod;
• Kyakhta;
• Novokuznetsk;
• Gusinoozersk;
• Krasnokamensk;
• Novosibirsk;
• Greyhound;
• Shilka;
• Tomsk;
• Nerchinsk;
• Khilok;
• Kemerovo;
• Biryusinsk;
• Winter;
• Bratsk;
• Sayansk;
• Tulun;
• Angarsk;
• Alzamay;
• Svirsk;
• Prokopyevsk;
• Kirensk;
• Cheremkhovo;
• Biysk;
• Usolye-Sibirskoe;
• Nizhneudensk;
• Abakan;
• Slyudyanka;
• Yurga;
• Berezovsky;
• Rubtsovsk;
• Belovo;
• Shelekhov;
• Norilsk;
• Kaltan;
• Mogocha;
• Achinsk;
• Taishet;
• Kiselevsk;
• Seversk;
• Toes;
• Taiga;
• Kyzyl;
• Kaltan;
• Ust-Ilimsk;
• Chita.

IN major cities x and populated areas regional subordination is observed annual growth population. The birth rate per 1000 people exceeds the death rate. Smaller cities, where the population is less than 100 thousand inhabitants, show negative dynamics in the birth rate. The socio-economic situation, as well as natural migration of the population, has an impact.

Western Siberia

The map of Siberia allows you to study this part of the Russian Federation with its cities and regions in more detail, and learn about the physical and geographical characteristics, namely.

Tyumen region

The capital of the region is Tyumen, which takes 3rd place in the ranking of living standards relative to all other large urban settlements in Russia.

On the territory of the Siberian region is the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, which produces the bulk of oil and gas for export. Largest and richest area Russian Federation, which is part of the Ural District.

Omsk region

A region with a developed economy, neighboring the Tyumen and Tomsk regions.

In the southern part of the subject formation there is a border with the Republic of Kazakhstan. The climate is continental. The flora is mainly represented by taiga forests; there are zones of steppe plains and swampy areas. The most full-flowing river is the Irtysh.

Kurgan region

Part of the Ural Federal District. There are at least 3 thousand lakes and other bodies of water in the region. 16% of all reserves are concentrated uranium ores, which are mined by quarry and mine methods.

Climatic conditions refer to continental type with long frosty winters and short but hot summers. Most of the region's territory is located on the banks of the Tobol River.

Kemerovo region

A map of Siberia, with cities and regions, contains a mining region, which has the second name Kuzbass. The numerical population of the region is constantly growing, which is associated with a favorable socio-economic situation, the presence large quantity industrial enterprises ensuring high employment of the population.

Today there are about 2.7 million residents of the region, of which 1.6% are infected with HIV. According to these medical indicators, the region is in 3rd place in relation to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Tomsk region

The region is a flat area of ​​territory, which is mostly covered with dense coniferous forests.

Interesting fact, that in terms of total area the region is larger than the Republic of Poland, and in terms of population it is 35 times less (1 million people). About 63% of the area is taiga, and 29% are impassable swamps, among which the largest in the world is Vasyugan.

Novosibirsk region

The region is located simultaneously in 3 physical-geographical zones - forest, steppe and taiga. There are more than 3 thousand salt, fresh and mineral lakes in the region, where the concentration of salt is so high that the water acquires a bitter taste.

The climate is continental with harsh winters, which last 1.5 months longer than the calendar season. A fifth of the region is covered with impenetrable forests.

Altai region

The capital of the territorial entity is Barnaul. The region was founded in September 1937. In the south it borders with the Republic of Kazakhstan. The climatic conditions of the region are varied and depend on the topography, as well as the direction of the winds.

The lowland part of the region is characterized by a temperate continental climate, while the mountainous areas have sharp continental climatic conditions.

Winter is always harsh and cold, and summer is humid and hot. big amount precipitation. The last day of summer is August 29, after which the first frosts may appear.

Eastern Siberia

Below are discussed General characteristics subjects of the Russian Federation located in the eastern part of the physical-geographical region:

Irkutsk region

Also called the Baikal region. Since the beginning of the 90s, enterprises in the region have undergone modernization.

The region has become an important industrial center that provides the Russian Federation with electrical energy, produced at hydroelectric power stations, petroleum products, aluminum, coal, high-tech products obtained by organic synthesis. By level economic development the region is ahead of most other regions of Siberia.

The Republic of Buryatia

The capital of this subject of the Russian Federation is Ulan-Ude. The area of ​​the republic is 351 thousand square meters. km. This is 2% of all Russia. The total population size is just under 1 million people. The population density is extremely low, since per 1 sq. km. 2.8 people live there.

This is due to the harsh climate, a large number of taiga forests and swamps. The indigenous peoples of the republic are the Buryats, who belong to the Mongolian ethnic group.

Transbaikal region

A young region that was formed on March 1, 2008 as a result of a referendum on the merger of the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug and the Chita regional center. The territory of the region itself is located in the Far East.

The region is dominated by Mountain peaks, which form protracted ridges. There are plains and forest-steppe zones. The region is considered very deep, as it contains more than 40,000 large, medium and shallow rivers.

Krasnoyarsk region

Date of formation - December 7, 1934. It has large reserves of non-ferrous metal ores and hydroelectric potential. The majority of metallurgical industry enterprises, which were built back in the days of Soviet Union.

In terms of production of this type of product, the Krasnoyarsk Territory is a leader among other regions of Russia (3.2% per capita). The main focus of production is the production of copper, aluminum, ferroalloys, nickel, cobalt, and platinum group metals.

The Republic of Khakassia

The capital of this subject of the Russian state is the city of Abakan. The number of residents is 537 thousand people and is constantly decreasing. Mortality prevails over birth rate. During the Soviet era, starting in the 40s, Khakassia was actively populated by repressed Ukrainians and Germans. The republic consists of steppe, highland and taiga parts.

The height of the Sayan Mountains reaches 2000 m. These geological hills occupy 2/3 of the republic. The climate is characterized by harsh winters and cold summers, with temperatures ranging between 17-18 degrees Celsius. There are over 500 deep-water lakes in the republic. total length The river is 8000 m.

Tyva Republic

The capital of the region is Kyzyl. The total population is 321 thousand people, and continues to grow at a rapid pace. In the south of the republic there is a state border with Mongolia. Tyva is a mountainous region, where hills and gorges occupy 80% of the total area. The rest of the land is steppe with poor vegetation.

The main water artery is the Yenisei. The climate of the republic is sharply continental. In winter, the temperature drops to -40, and in summer reaches +35 degrees Celsius.

Geographic map Siberia, which indicates its regions with cities, makes it possible to study in detail the physical and geographical characteristics of the region, to obtain useful information about the structure of this part of the Russian Federation, because it is a strategically important socio-economic region of the country, ensuring the filling of the state budget.

Article format: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about the map of Siberia

The beauty and grandeur of Siberia in the Russian Federation:

Russian Cossacks began to penetrate beyond the Urals in the 15th century. And already in the 16th century, the Tatar Khanate, located at the confluence of the Irtysh and Tobol rivers, paid tribute to Ivan the Terrible. And the tsar in 1570, in a letter to the English queen, called himself “Sovereign of Pskov, and Grand Duke Smolensky, Tver, Chernigov... and all Siberian lands,” that is, they already knew about Siberia not only in Russia, but also beyond its borders.

Siberia in the Middle Ages

In the 15th century, according to the drawings of the Siberian Tartary of the Italian cardinal Stefan Borgia, Siberia was located on the eastern bank of the Volga. On the map of the Venetian monk Fra Mauro in 1459, the “Province of Siberia” occupied a place in the upper reaches of the Kama and Vyatka. Of course, the Italian maps looked like fantastic illustrations, they did not have any details, but from them one can judge the Europeans’ idea of ​​​​a large, distant and wild country.

On Russian maps of the 15th century, Siberia is depicted on the lands of the Tatar Khanate, which includes northern Kazakhstan and the lands of modern Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen and Omsk regions.

Russian "drawings"

The first Russian map, “Drawing of the Siberian Land,” was compiled in 1667 by the governor of Tobolsk, Pyotr Godunov. The north on the “Drawing” was at the bottom, the south at the top, the rivers were depicted schematically, and distances were measured in “days of horse riding.” The Ob basin was shown in detail, and the Lena flowed into the “sea” in the east. Five years later, an improved version appeared - “Drawing of all Siberia to the Chinese Kingdom,” that is, the territory of Siberia now extended to China.

More detailed map compiled by cartographer Semyon Remizov in 1697; on it, Siberia began beyond the Volga and ended in the east with Kamchatka, in the north it was washed by the Mangazeya and Arctic seas, and in the south it bordered Aral Sea, “Kalmyk nomads” and the Chinese kingdom. The eastern coast and the north were drawn on the map in detail - the mouths of the Lena and Kolyma rivers, the lands of the Tungus, the possessions of the “shamans”, Amur and Korea were indicated. This means that at the end of the 17th century, Siberia extended from the Volga to the Pacific Ocean and from the Arctic Ocean to the Aral Sea.

First Siberia grew

Over time, the idea changed: in the west, the border of Siberia moved to the Urals, and in late XVIII century, when the Perm province was created, geographers limited Siberia to the eastern borders of the Perm and Tobolsk provinces.

In 1822, on the initiative of Governor Mikhail Speransky, Siberia was divided into two governorates - West Siberian and East Siberian, and this forever divided Siberia into two parts. Western Siberia of the 19th century included the Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces, the Omsk region and part of Kazakhstan, and Eastern Siberia extended to the ocean and consisted of the territories of the Yenisei basin, the Angara region, Transbaikalia, Buryatia, Chukotka, Kamchatka and Yakutia.

And then it decreased

After the Amur region and Ussuria were annexed, a new region appeared in people’s minds - the Far East, and Siberia began to shrink: at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Siberian lands began to be classified as the Far East. According to the works of ethnographer Nikolai Yadrintsev, in the 19th century, Siberia included the lands of modern Kurgan and Tyumen regions with the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in the west and the lands of Transbaikalia, Amur region and Yakutia in the east. Its area occupied more than 12,000,000 square meters. km or 73% of the country's territory.

In the 20th century, during the era of the Soviet Union, Siberia included administrative units from Omsk to Baikal, and in the south it was limited by the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.

Geographers of the late USSR considered the Sverdlovsk and Kurgan regions to be the Urals, and the remaining territories up to Lake Baikal as Siberia, which was still divided into Western and Eastern, while Yakutia was identified as a separate entity. Buryatia, the Chita region (Transbaikalia) and the republics also became separate entities.

Modern geography

Ten years after the collapse of the USSR, the government divided the country into administrative districts, which again influenced the perception of Russian residents about Siberia: now the Tyumen region is also included in the Urals - it is called the Ural region, and Siberia is limited to the Siberian federal district, including 12 regions of Russia: from the Omsk region to Transbaikalia. Now the area of ​​Siberia is 5,144,953 square meters. km. 19,326,196 people live there, or 13.16% of the country's population. However, despite the fact that there are 132 large cities in Siberia, and three of them are million-plus cities (Omsk, Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk), the population density is four people per square meter. km.

Russian science has not yet decided on a single designation for Siberia. IN school curriculum, for example, it is something between traditional ideas and modern administrative divisions.