Red bridge. Cold bridges in reinforced concrete structures. Rules for installation work

In protruding building structures, there are cold bridges that have increased heat transfer. Partially reducing heat loss in critical areas of the house’s thermal circuit is the use of the “thermal liners” or “perforation” method. An interesting new product In this area, thermal insulation elements “Schock” have become available. The structure consists of reinforcing bars and support elements, which allows achieving the required bending moment of the protruding parts of the building.

The products are intended for installation in metal, monolithic, prefabricated monolithic, combined designs. The use of "Schock" increases the energy efficiency of the building, solving the problem of cold bridges in locally important areas.

Features of thermal insulation

Cold bridges in steel columns are often the cause of increased heat loss, wet walls and the spread of fungus/mold. The use of Schock products makes it possible to reduce thermal conductivity in the connection unit by approximately 90% and prevent damage to building structures.

The main body of the element is made of NEOPOR® extruded polystyrene foam, which does not contain harmful substances. Durable, corrosion-resistant steel is used in the connection area. The HTE support element is made of fiber-reinforced concrete, has a small cross-section, and is capable of bearing high loads. Quality starting materials guarantee unsurpassed performance of thermal insulation elements.

Scope of application:

• Construction with increased requirements to ensure heat, humidity and sound comfort;
• Elimination of cold bridges in metal structures;
• Construction of expansion joints for effective use living space;
• Advantages of thermal insulation elements:
• Energy saving. Cold bridges lead to heat loss, which entails increased heating costs in houses/apartments.
• Comfort. The use of Schock elements will ensure stable temperatures in residential buildings and offices.
• Health safety. The appearance of mold/mildew often leads to harmful consequences for the human body: the occurrence of inflammatory processes, headaches, rheumatism. Schock will help prevent condensation.
• Easy to install. The elements are easily and quickly inserted into the gap between the ceiling and balcony reinforcement.
• Availability.

The use of Schock thermal insulation allows the consumer to reduce heating costs and reduce CO2 emissions.

First wooden bridge this place was recorded on the plan of St. Petersburg in 1717.
In 1737 it was rebuilt. It was a wooden bridge with a medium draw span, which had a narrow gap (about 70 cm) in the span for the passage of mast ships. It was closed with removable shields. The authorship of the design belonged to Herman van Boles. The design is not widely used.

IN late XVIII century, the bridge was rebuilt as a three-span permanent bridge.

IN early XIX century, in one of the houses near the Red Bridge, public balls were regularly held, very popular among the St. Petersburg public.

In 1814, according to the design of engineer V.I. Geste, the bridge was replaced by a single-span, cast-iron, arched one. Superstructure it consisted of cast iron boxes similar to the Narodny, Pevchesky and similar bridges.

In the period from 1924 to 1950. Progressive deformation of the bridge supports and its span was observed, as a result of which the seams in the joints of the boxes opened, the bolts connecting them broke, and about forty deep cracks appeared in the vertical ribs of the boxes and their bottoms. A special commission that examined the bridge found its condition to be unsafe. Engineer V.V. Blazhevich developed a project according to which in 1953-1954. the bridge was reconstructed. New welded arches replaced the old cast iron vault. The appearance has been preserved.

We restored granite obelisks with bronze gilded balls and tetrahedral lanterns on metal brackets. The ancient railings separating the sidewalks from the roadway have been preserved. The facades, maintaining tradition, were painted red.

The railings are made from a cast iron grating, similar to the grating on the Moika River embankment.
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House of Kh. Ya. Tal

Beginning of the 19th century - house of Kh. Ya. Tal (not preserved)

Nab. Moika River, 56, / Gorokhovaya St., 17

1810 - English Assembly
1822 - Third department of H.I.V.’s own chancellery
1830s - site redevelopment, new buildings
1840s - Corps of Gendarmes and the Main Imperial Office

At the beginning of the 19th century. The plot was purchased by merchant Christopher Tal. In the depths of the site stood one-story building with 14 windows, the two projections of which were connected by an iron fence with wreaths.

In 1810, the English Assembly, a fashionable aristocratic club in St. Petersburg, moved here from the neighboring house No. 19. The club's list at that time included the fabulist I. A. Krylov, the architect V. P. Stasov, and the poet V. A. Zhukovsky.
In 1822, the English Club moved to Demidov Lane. (today Grivtsova Lane), after which the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery, which was created in 1826 by Nicholas I, was located in Tal’s house. Count A.H. Benckendorff was appointed head of the Third Department. After the approval of the new censorship charter in 1826, censorship actually came under the jurisdiction of the Third Department.
In the 1830s. Tal's heirs divided their father's huge estate and, having redeveloped the site, erected new buildings.
By the 1840s The third department moved to Fontanka. The Corps of Gendarmes and the Main Imperial Office remained in Tal's house.

The newspaper “St. Petersburg Gazette” dated February 22, 1803 wrote:
“Pierre Huguet and Gatovsky have the honor to inform the respectable public that every Thursday and Saturday, as long as public entertainment is allowed, they will give public balls in the house of Mr. Court Councilor Kusovnikov, in which there was previously a musical meeting, held at the Red Bridge . Each gentleman pays 1 ruble for entering them. 50 k. and has the right to bring with him as many ladies as he judges for his own good” (*).

(*) Balls were stopped for the entire period of Lent, and free entry for women was due to the fact that in St. Petersburg of that period the male population predominated. Kusovnikov's house, where the balls were held, was located on the site of the current house 56 on the Moika embankment.

Red Bridge over the Moika.Unknown artist. 1814-1817.

Shown is the view from the windows of the house of the merchant H. Tal (corner of Gorokhovaya Street, 17 and Moika River Embankment, 56) of the newly built Red Bridge. The corner house on the right (56 Moika River embankment) belonged to State Councilor Severin. Behind it is the prospect of the Moika embankment towards Nevsky Prospekt. On the left of the picture you can see the corner of the house of the merchant Menshikov (73 Moika River embankment). On the other side of Gorokhovaya Street there are three houses of Severin (No. 71, 69 and 67), the house of Count Zavadovsky.

The next restoration of the Red Bridge took place in 1989. The Red Bridge is the only bridge built according to standard project V.I. Geste, which has to date retained its original appearance. The Red Bridge is a historical and architectural monument of federal significance. The border between the Central and Admiralteysky districts of St. Petersburg runs along it.

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Gorokhovaya Street

Gorokhovaya Street

Gorokhovaya Street appeared in St. Petersburg in the 1720s. According to the decision of the Commission on the St. Petersburg building, another long road was laid between the Bolshaya and Voznesenskaya prospects. Then they began to call it the Middle Perspective, and in the 1750s - the Admiralty Perspective.

In 1756, merchant Gorokhov opened a trading shop in his house on this street. This man came to Russia from Germany in his youth to serve under Peter I. His first name is Harrach. However, soon he Russian colleagues They changed his last name into a more “Russian” manner, into Peas.
And when Harrach, who had become rich, decided to open his own shop, he acquired the official surname - Gorokhov. The merchant's business began to flourish, and the street was often unofficially named after the owner of a then famous trading establishment. People called the Admiralty prospect Gorokhovaya. Since 1799, maps of the city began to be published, where both names were mentioned, official and unofficial.

In 1801, house No. 2 was built according to the design of D. Quarenghi. In 1828-1829, N. V. Gogol lived on Gorokhovaya Street.

In 1849, the street was officially named Gorokhovaya. From 1914 to 1916, Grigory Rasputin lived on Gorokhovaya Street.

Since 1918, the street began to be called Komissarskaya. The street acquired this name thanks to the All-Russian Emergency Commission (VChK) located in house No. 2, which was headed by F. E. Dzerzhinsky. Since 1927, the street has been renamed Dzerzhinskaya.

Since 1991, Gorokhovaya Street has returned its historical name

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St. Petersburg and suburbs

We continue the theme of colored bridges in St. Petersburg) The Red Bridge connects the Kazan and 2nd Admiralty Islands across the Moika River.

The colored bridges of St. Petersburg led across the Moika River. Due to the fact that the bridges were close to each other and very similar in appearance, city residents often confused them. The bridges were painted different colors and were named: Green Bridge (until 1918 - Police Bridge), Red Bridge, Blue Bridge, Yellow Bridge (now Pevchesky Bridge). The bridges have painted railings and the lower “water” part. Currently, only three bridges have retained their former name, and they are no longer brightly colored, but have calmer colors.

The Red Bridge marks the border between the Admiralteysky and Central districts of St. Petersburg. This is the only cast iron bridge across the Moika of the bridges built according to the standard design of V. I. Geste, whose historical appearance. Experts note that the simple and at the same time elegant design of the bridge, which is distinguished by a successful architectural composition and elegant proportions, adorns the city landscape, organically combining with the general background of the embankment.

Since 1717 there has been a wooden drawbridge. In 1737, the crossing was rebuilt according to the design of G. van Boles. The bridge was built with a narrow gap in the middle to allow mast ships to pass through. This gap was about 70 cm wide, and was closed with removable shields for passage. At the end of the 18th century, the bridge was rebuilt and became three-span. In 1808-1811 and 1813-1814, the bridge was replaced by a standard single-span, cast-iron, arched bridge with a hingeless vault designed by engineer V. I. Geste. The cast iron tubings of the bridge were manufactured at the Ural factories of N. N. Demidov.

The stone supports of the bridge are made of rubble masonry with granite cladding. As a railing Red Bridge A cast iron grate was used, repeating the pattern of the embankment fence. This bridge also had a simple metal fence on granite pedestals, which separates the sidewalks from the roadway. To illuminate the bridge, granite obelisks were placed on which lanterns were suspended.

In 1953-1954, the cast iron structures were replaced with steel arched ones; during the work, the appearance of the bridge was preserved.

Another restoration was carried out in 1998 Red Bridge. Work was carried out to repair the lanterns, and the cast iron and granite fences were recreated.

The Red Bridge, built across the Moika River, is located on Gorokhovaya Street in St. Petersburg and has the status of a historical and architectural monument of federal significance. If you walk from the bridge along this Gorokhovaya Street to the city center, you can go straight to the Admiralty and the Alexander Garden. In the opposite direction, crossing the Stone Bridge on the Griboyedov Canal, the road leads to Sadovaya Street next to Sennaya Square.

The Red Bridge appeared on the Moika in 1717, and was originally a wooden drawable structure, called Belaya at that time, due to its color. In 1737 the bridge was rebuilt. During this reconstruction, a narrow gap, only about 70 cm, was made in the bridge span, which was closed with removable shields and was intended to allow mast ships to pass through. The author of the project is so original design The bridge was designed by engineer Hermann van Boles.

In 1778, the bridge from Bely was renamed to Krasny, as it acquired a red tint to its color. At the end of the 18th century, the Red Bridge again underwent reconstruction and was converted into a three-span bridge. In 1808-1814, the wooden Red Bridge turned into a cast-iron, single-span and arched bridge, created according to the design of engineer V. I. Geste. The span of the new bridge was made of cast iron boxes, similar to those that were used in the construction of the Green, Pevchesky and other similar bridges of the Moika. Metal constructions The Ural factories of N. N. Demidov manufactured the new Red Bridge.

In the period from 1953 to 1954, according to the design of engineer V.V. Blazhevich, the cast iron structures of the building were replaced with steel, arched ones. The span of the bridge consisted of double-hinged welded arches connected to each other by longitudinal connections and cross beams. total length The bridge reached 42 meters, and its width was 16.8 meters.

By the way, the Red Bridge, the only one of the four Moika bridges of the same type, has survived to this day in its original form. Indeed, the appearance of the Red Bridge, which is no less important for the history of the city, has not been changed. Moreover, granite obelisks with bronze gilded balls and tetrahedral lanterns suspended on metal brackets were restored. The bridge's railing, cast from cast iron, echoes the pattern of the grid on the Moika River embankment. Vintage bridge railings enclosing roadway from the sidewalk, also remained untouched by the reconstruction. Following tradition, the facades were painted, as before, red. It should be noted that quite simple and at the same time elegant architectural solution The design of the bridge, which is distinguished by a successful composition and good proportions, allowed it to organically blend into the general background of the embankment.

The text was prepared by Anzhelika Likhacheva

A decorative bridge will make country cottage area unique and inimitable. The presence of a small reservoir or river is not a prerequisite for its construction. If desired, a bridge can be placed over a small ravine and even a flower bed. The structure will fit perfectly into the plant composition, highlight the advantages of the site and hide its shortcomings. You can order a bridge to your liking at website manufacturer.

Requirements for a decorative bridge

1. The structure fits harmoniously into the overall concept against the background of the house and garden, and does not look like a foreign structure.
2. Don't forget about functionality. Carefully consider the location of the bridge. Excessive curvature will only do harm. In this case, it will be perceived as a difficult obstacle to overcome.
3. Sturdy construction that can support several people. The surface of the bridge is non-slip; if possible, install railings for greater safety.

Material selection

1. Tree
The most common material. The following qualities allowed us to gain popularity:
— affordable price;
- ease of processing. Even for those who have not previously engaged in carpentry, with due attention and diligence, it will not be difficult to realize their plans.
As a rule, preference is given to coniferous wood. The most accessible is pine. Its trunk is even and smooth, has no large quantity knots. The material is characterized by resistance to decay and good mechanical properties.
2. Wrought iron garden bridge
Order from your nearest blacksmith shop. Experienced specialists will create a unique atmospheric bridge that will decorate any area.
3. Stone
If all construction techniques are followed, the product is practically eternal. Compared to other materials, stone can withstand significantly greater loads and also has increased stability to water erosion and high humidity. Has a number of disadvantages:
- the construction of a stone bridge will require experience in construction work;
— installation at the planned location will require calling in special equipment, since the product is extremely heavy;
— high price on the material and its processing.
4. Bamboo
An ideal choice for lovers of oriental culture. Due to the high cost, the material is not available to everyone. The best option— use of bamboo in the decoration of the structure. For greater immersion in the oriental atmosphere, it is recommended to install a stone Japanese lantern next to the bamboo bridge.

Bridge shape

1. Straight
Simplicity and reliability. As a rule, they are made of wood and concrete.
2. Arched
One of the most popular options. The recommended width of the structure is 2 m with a bend of no more than 20 degrees.
3. Step by step
A budget option. When erecting a structure, large stones or slabs are laid out at a distance of at least a meter.
4. Hanging
The safety of the structure is based on a solid foundation and strong cables on which the deck is laid.
5. Zigzag
According to Japanese folk beliefs, spirits who returned to the world of the living moved only in a straight line. And such bridges were created to protect against spirits.