Generous vegetable garden. Generous vegetable garden Should tree trunks be kept fallow?

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Introduction

The book sums up 80 years of interested gardening.

For the first 50 years, my interest was only diligence. I didn't delve into what was happening in the ground. But he was simply a conscientious assistant to his father, a skilled and hardworking Kuban Cossack. In the hungry 1930s and 1940s, our family (I was the eldest of five children) did not know hunger as such. The father, strictly speaking, was exiled to Siberia because he could feed his family (and in Siberia too). Don't you need to remember about cards? It happened that a cage of meat was boiled with brown alcohol (the common name is “stool alcohol”).

Later, while studying and working at the university, I only carried out special assignments during the holidays such as “weeding watermelons”, “mowing the grass”, etc. For half a hundred years I did not leave the earth for good, but, rummaging through the routine, I slowly came to an understanding of cruelty traditional gardening, to the realization that you can’t live like that. And only before retirement I began to look for the slightest opportunity to make life easier for myself, the garden, and the Earth.

The most prominent philosopher of the twentieth century, Bertrand Russell, said: “ In all matters, it is very useful to periodically put a question mark on something that you have long considered as not requiring proof." So I put a question mark on all, without exception, actions and actions in the garden - habitual, ingrained in flesh and blood, consecrated by our grandparents, one might say sacred.

The book sums up the results of late 30-year searches and natural finds (not only and not even so much of our own). I call the descriptions essays due to the factual independence of the stories.

This analogy is correct. When dealing with an old, well-worn barrel with many defects, you can destroy it “to the ground, and then” start building something new, barrel-shaped. But (history knows a lot of such cases) something like a bicycle with square wheels may turn out. “I wanted to make a thunderstorm, but got a goat” - this is rather a standard situation in agriculture than an exception.

I chose a different, evolutionary, “step by step” path. From year to year, he changed the unusable rivets in the barrel, which continued to serve, at the very least, and brought it to a tolerable state. Of course, open for further replacement of rivets.

Fortunately, I have such a trait. If, while thinking about some problem, I discover that, say, Nikolai Ivanovich Kurdyumov, my longtime associate and friend, has found a finger-licking solution to this problem, then I rejoice at it like a child. Much more complete and brighter than if the solution had been given to me.

This is a hint - please yourself and me, dear readers!

Chapter 1. Preserving the legacy of the forerunners

It is natural and laudable for farmers to dream of a panacea that would allow them to grow in their gardens, with minimal expenditure of labor, time and money, something other than what is called food, and the FOOD itself - in sufficient quantities. These dreams are evidence of the understanding that the garden should not be a time waster, an instrument of enslavement of the farmer and a source of garden heart attacks. The role of a sanitary RELAXATION product suits the vegetable garden more. Including by bringing the harvest closer to what is worthy of the name FOOD, which is capable of strengthening rather than destroying health.

But it’s one thing to understand that it’s not good to be like a mole, tirelessly digging the ground (with 3-5 hour breaks for sleep). And it’s quite another thing to actually get rid of the inescapable digging. You can, of course, come up with something new. However, from the height of my age, I can confidently say that it is more convenient for a farmer (especially a beginner) to look for a panacea not with a drawing board at a drawing board, but with an archaeologist’s brush - to sweep away the layers of time from the well-forgotten heritage of the forerunners who prepared the conditions for future generations. In other words, it’s more productive not to rush to reinvent the wheel, but to scrape the bottom of the barrel first.

The history of agriculture contains many highlights that remain “a thing in itself,” underestimated by descendants, but worthy of becoming a “thing for everyone.” They are the ones you should be interested in first of all. Believe me: the legacy of our forebears is worth studying closely. It is rich and varied. And only after getting used to it, having gained some experience, including the ability to separate and analyze factors and compare their role in achieving the result, you can take a closer look at new products (or invent your own) and, perhaps, free up a bit of resources (effort, time and money) with their help. . RELEASE! Reduce expenses and workload, enjoy free time! And not to dig another bypass channel through which resources (time, effort, finances) would flow away.

I definitely prefer archaeologist's brush. Not a retrograde, I carried and carry “new items” in my backpack (and not only my own). I am interested in them and willingly talk about them. But, alas, I often became convinced over time, with the invaluable help of listeners and readers, that I was talking about a one-day butterfly. That is why I treat “new products” with restraint, I myself put this word in quotation marks and constantly look for whether our predecessors had anything better.

There are a number of other reasons for caution regarding “fresh” inventions.

In particular, inventors tend to expand the scope of the invention. There seems to be nothing reprehensible. But this scatters the attention of users, and sometimes devalues the true find. Unfortunately, even our outstanding contemporary V.V. Fokin, the inventor of the amazing Fokina flat cutter.

The invaluable advantage of Vladimir Vasilyevich’s invention is not at all what is in the Garden Centers different countries- from Canada to Austria - there is no weapon comparable “in valor” to the Fokin flat cutter. The advantage of a flat cutter is not even that it is more convenient to weed than other tools - it is able to completely muffle the annoying problem of weeding.

Once, at the Krameterhof estate of Sepp Holzer, I gave a master class with a Fokin flat cutter for the charming Frau Weronika, Sepp’s wife. Her delight continually grew, and at the end of the “lesson” she declared: “This is a tool for me!” Sepp himself invariably speaks of the flat cutter as an extraordinary tool. It is a pity that the inventor was not destined to live to see these eloquent confessions.

Here are my 2 cents. In the 1990s, one of the first in Ukraine, I became the owner of a Fokin flat cutter. I bought it in a “pie” IZH-400 from the same plant in Sudogda, Vladimir Region, which began producing the Fokin line of guns. My neighbor (peer) Olga Andreevna and I weeded our vegetable gardens in the spring for the first time. Olga Andreevna, as usual, used a hoe with a short handle (bent over, as usual), and I used a new one (standing at full height). After 2 or 3 weeks, on a hot June day, Olga Andreevna went out weeding again. I began to persuade her to spare herself and leave the garden before evening. And in response: “It’s good for you, your garden is clean, but in mine the wolves will howl until evening.”

And then I took a closer look at my beds - absolutely CLEAN! Why such a contrast? It soon dawned on me: I was holding the long handle of the flat cutter CORRECTLY, like a scythe (thumbs on the handle pointing up). And such a grip physically did not allow me to bend down and the blade of the flat cutter to go deeper than 2–3 cm. From this depth, the weed seeds had already sprouted in the spring. Until the first weeding! I didn’t raise any new seeds! And my beds were really clean after the first weeding. THE FLAT CUTTER LOST HIMSELF'S JOB?! The incredible dignity of the weapon!

Well, the neighbor’s hoe, who held it in the usual way, “like everyone else,” that is, like a stove grip (thumbs down on the short handle), climbed into the depths at least 8-10 cm. New weed seeds rose from the depths. Naturally, the garden became more clogged than before weeding. So the second weeding became even more urgent than the first.

Unfortunately, Vladimir Vasilyevich succumbed to the typical (understandable and absolutely not shameful!) desire of inventors to make his discovery as popular as possible. He described 20 (!) jobs that can be done with a flat cutter, including mowing grass and removing manure. The flat cutter “covered” not only agriculture, but also livestock farming. But he didn’t actually stop at the decisive advantage, seemingly a trifle, but in fact the main highlight - the unusual grip of the gun. No drawing, no pictogram, no photograph. Just a passing mention that flew past the ears of most gun owners. And now I feel bitter and offended both for the flat cutter and for the blessed memory of Vladimir Vasilyevich, when in master classes (!) I invariably see how Club consultants(!?) they hold the flat cutter in their hands like a stove grip, reducing it to the level of a banal hoe or hoe.

However, nothing surprising. I have visited more than a dozen Clubs. Been to many more than once. Advertising of a flat cutter in Clubs can only be compromised by advertising of pharmaceuticals on television. All - literally all - Clubs are drowning in advertising for flat cutters. And from street stands on the sidewalks, and from posters between the glass windows, and from the walls inside the premises - stories are flowing from everywhere about WHAT a flat cutter can do. And this is good. But I have never seen even a hint of HOW to operate a flat cutter. No drawing, no pictogram, no photograph. An unforgivable omission! I have never seen a demonstration of how to approach this masterpiece, how to get hands on it. And this is absolutely nowhere, a complete failure of propaganda.

The pictures on the right are a belated attempt to correct the situation. We took these pictures with my student, the head of the Chuguev Club Artem Bakumenko. I think that it is possible to show a flat cutter in action much more clearly than ours. And I hope there will be craftsmen. The flat cutter, invented by Vladimir Vasilyevich for full-fledged work after a severe heart attack, deserves a better fate than being a useless understudy (just think!) of a hoe. Hoe and heart attack??? Symbiosis!

Photo 1–1 shows the correct grip of the flat cutter. The farmer's body is straight. The movements resemble a restrained mowing. The blade spreads along the ground (photo 1–2), flat and finely cuts the soil, as if scraping it. The effort is tens of times less than when working with a hoe. Safe even after a heart attack. External sign correct grip - thumbs pointing up.

Photo 1-1. Correct grip of the flat cutter

Photos 1–2. Correct position blades

Photos 1–3 show an incorrect grip. The corps - in three deaths. The thumbs point down the handle. The blade HOOKS the ground. And doing this with a flat cutter is even more difficult than with a hoe or hoe - the flat cutter is light, and a certain force is needed to drive it into the ground (in photos 1–3 and photos 1–4 you can clearly see that the blade is perpendicular to the soil surface).

Photos 1–3. Incorrect grip of the flat cutter

Photos 1–4. Incorrect blade position

I am sure that Vladimir Vasilyevich’s outstanding invention is destined long life. Sooner or later, farmers will get used to holding the flat cutter CORRECTLY. But it would be better if 20 years ago the outstanding inventor himself taught the necessary grip of his brainchild (through, say, a story about clearing manure with his help). By the way, it is more convenient to remove manure with a mop, and in this role it is much more durable than a flat cutter. Being in manure causes the metal parts of the tool attachment to the handle to become welded, while the wooden parts rot very quickly.

Learn to hold the flat cutter correctly - and gardening life will become much easier and more enjoyable. Just don’t assume that this study is a trifle. Ah, they say, later. It happens that “later” does not happen. I know what I'm talking about. My sister Over the course of a couple of decades, he was never able to wean Nina off the hoe (her hands were used to hoeing).

Another temptation for inventors. They tend to PULL THE BLANKET ON THEMSELVES: to believe that it is their discovery that the garden owes certain successes. But how often is this self-deception that pleases the soul? Unfortunately, it's a ridiculous practice. go from the result and ahead of time APPOINT your find as the reason for success unusually widespread. You could say it dominates. Supporters of this practice even formulated a credo in their own name: “I see that This it works, but I’m not interested in why.” Meanwhile, due to the lack of interest in the springs of influence on the result, many finds turned out to be dummies over time, and the inventor’s thrill through for a short time turned into disappointment.

The life of a vegetable garden is controlled by a DYNAMIC ALLOY (!) of a huge number of factors. They are basically inseparable, and it takes reckless recklessness (or irresponsibility?) to simply APPOINT (name out of thin air) a decisive success factor.

G.A. Kizima

Generous vegetable garden, productive garden, bright flower garden: the most complete answers to the most important questions

The book includes answers to questions from radio listeners, readers and students of my courses for amateur gardeners. So this is a joint effort of many, many people, and I sincerely express my gratitude to everyone, because without questions there would be no answers.

All materials are grouped into the following sections: “ Horticultural crops», « Garden crops" And " Ornamental plants" At the beginning of each section, answers to questions of a general nature are given, and then specifically for each culture in alphabetical order.

You can ask any questions you have in a special section on my website: www.kizima.ru or by email:

Horticultural crops

Is it necessary to dig up the soil under bushes and trees?

Pests can be destroyed in other ways.

Weeds should be cut off 3-4 times during the season with a Fokin flat cutter or a sickle and left right there, under the plants.

Air exchange in the soil and moisture permeability will be excellent just in the event that you do not dig up the soil, disturbing complex system microtubules that are formed after the rotting of numerous sucking hair roots every season.

Therefore, there is no need to dig up the soil either in the fall or in the spring. If it contains about 4% humus, it does not compact and does not need to be dug up; it is enough to loosen it in the spring. You and I need not to dig too much tree trunk circles twice a year, and gradually make the soil in them fertile and drive out pests from your garden.

How to properly deal with garden pests?

Firstly, this must be done on time, and secondly, if possible, do not use chemical poisons.

Spraying the garden (twig ends, branches, forks, trunks and soil under plants) in late autumn and in early spring concentrated mineral fertilizer(700 g of carbamide, that is, urea, per 10 liters of water), you will rid the garden of pests that overwinter on and under plants. This spraying cannot be done from the moment the buds swell until the plants go into winter dormancy. Otherwise you will burn them!

This measure, however, does not save the garden from pests arriving from other places, in particular, from the codling moth. This is where the homeopathic medicine “Healthy Garden” (“Aurum-S”) comes to the rescue. By spraying the garden once a month in May (at the time the leaves unfurl), June, July and August, you will protect it not only from the codling moth, but also from scab on apple trees.

During May spraying, it is better to combine “Healthy Garden” with another homeopathic medicine – “Ecoberin” (“Eye”), dissolving 2 grains of each in a liter of water. It is convenient to add 4 drops of Uniflora-rosta to the same solution. Thus, you can combine two spring garden sprayings at once. By the way, Fitoverm is compatible with all these drugs, so it can also be added (10 drops per liter).

What, in your opinion, is the most harmless remedy against pests in an orchard?

The most environmentally friendly and completely harmless remedy is the homeopathic preparation “Healthy Garden”. It will help you get rid of almost any pests.

They all prefer sugar and attack those plants whose cell sap is dominated by carbohydrates. Strong, healthy plants They quickly synthesize protein, and there are few carbohydrates in their cell sap. Weak and sick people synthesize protein slowly, and carbohydrates predominate in their cell sap. These are the ones that literally all pests attack. “Healthy Garden” (“Aurum-S”) changes the structure of cell sap in such a way that it carries information about the normal balance between carbohydrates and proteins. This deceives pests. To constantly maintain this balance, all plants should be sprayed regularly with this preparation. As my experience has shown, it is enough to spray the garden in May, June, July and August on the leaves in the evening so that the drug is absorbed and does not evaporate from the leaves. The absorption process lasts about 3–4 hours, so the weather should be dry, at least for this time, so that rain does not wash the drug off the leaves.

There are very interesting observations by amateur gardeners on the use of this drug on vegetable crops and flowers. The drug is diluted at the rate of 2 grains per liter of water, poured into a barrel (correspondingly, 200 liters of water will require 400 grains) with an infusion of weeds, mixed thoroughly and simply fed to all plants with this mixture once every 2-3 weeks during watering. The plants become literally tropical, their greenery is so powerful. Give it a try.

What is Ecoberin used for?

"Ecoberin" protects plants from various weather conditions (drought, frost, sudden changes in temperature day and night, prolonged cold snap).

What are these biological preparations “Fitoverm” and “Agravertin” and are they dangerous for people?

No, they are not dangerous, since they are made from soil microorganisms (Agravertin) and soil microfungi (Fitosporin). Therefore, nature knows how to dispose of them without disturbing the environment. They are sucked in green leaf and function in the cell sap of the plant for 3 weeks, then the plant uses them for its needs. During these 3 weeks, the drugs cause paralysis of the gastrointestinal tract in any leaf-sucking (aphid, thrips, mite, scale insect) or leaf-eating (caterpillar, beetle) pest that has tasted the juice or pulp of the plant, and after 2 hours it stops feeding. Death occurs within two days from starvation. Beneficial insects or birds that eat such pests, the drugs are not dangerous because they do not act indirectly. By the way, the drug “Agravertin” is sold under the name “Akarin” or “Iskra-bio”.

In early spring, these drugs are effective against weevils on garden strawberries(strawberries), goose (apple flower beetle) on apple trees, red gall aphid on red currants, causing crimson swellings (galls) on the leaves. Plants can be treated with these preparations even during fruiting (the fruits are edible 48 hours after spraying).

Why do pests, especially aphids, literally attack plants en masse in the spring, including healthy ones, and how to rid the garden of this scourge?

The fact is that all pests (both ticks and insects), as mentioned above, prefer to feed on carbohydrates. In the spring, the roots of any garden plants begin to work and supply the minerals necessary to create protein only after the soil in the root zone warms up to 8 degrees, and photosynthesis begins literally 20 seconds after the leaf begins to unfold. Since there is no material for the production of protein, the leaf produces carbohydrates, since this requires carbon dioxide, which the plant can take from the air, and water, a certain supply of which is always present in plants, so the pests fly from all sides.

What and how to help plants in spring?

First of all, you need to work instead of the roots and deliver the necessary mineral elements to the leaf by spraying the plants over the unfolding leaves with a full mineral fertilizer, for example, “Uniflor-rost”, “Ideal”, “Kemira-lux”, “Florist”, and even just azophoska. The main thing here is not to burn the young foliage, and it is better to make the solution weaker rather than stronger. For foliar feeding for leaves, the solution should be 5–10 times less concentrated than when feeding at the roots (for foliar feeding with Uniflor-Rost, 2 teaspoons per bucket of water is enough; for azofoska - 1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water).

Is it possible to live in a garden without pesticides?

Not only is it possible, but it is also necessary. You can use homeopathic medicines, but be sure to regularly. You can make tinctures of plants with a pungent odor, this will disorient the pests, and they will fly past their feeders, but we must remember that plant poisons not harmless both for bees and for you and me. You can use modern biological preparations, for example, “Fitosporin” against pests, and “Zircon” or “Fitosporin” against diseases.

Whether there is a safe drugs to protect the garden against diseases?

For this there are “Zircon” and “Fitosporin”. The first of them is best used together with Epin-extra for spraying the above-ground parts of plants, and the second is used to destroy pathogens in the soil and fallen leaves. To do this, you need to spray the soil in the beds, in greenhouses, under trees and bushes in the spring, as soon as the soil is exposed. In summer - weeded out weeds, as well as plants on which you noticed powdery mildew, bacteriosis, anthracnose or any suspicious spots or plaques; In the fall, you should water the soil and leaves that have fallen under the plants and other plant debris.

“The book sums up 80 years of interested gardening.

The work was published in 2018 by the Family Leisure Club Book Club publishing house. On our website you can download the book "A Generous Vegetable Garden. The Author's Secrets of Growing an Excellent Harvest" in fb2, rtf, epub, pdf, txt format or read online. The book's rating is 5 out of 5. Here, before reading, you can also turn to reviews from readers who are already familiar with the book and find out their opinion. In our partner's online store you can buy and read the book in paper version.

Summer this year was wonderful! Someone may disagree with me, but even with heat below 40°C, drought and lack of rain, our natural gardeners received excellent harvests vegetables and berries.

And this year I realized that beautiful dacha- these are not only flower beds, although they too. And also tomato beds, hung with tomatoes like a garland, and cabbage, buried in marigolds, and strawberries, strewn with berries, and cucumbers, covered with cucumbers, and blooming mustard. productive vegetable garden — beautiful vegetable garden.

What kind of tomatoes do I have this year? Every year I reduce the number of tomato bushes (this year there were about 40), and the harvest increases every year. I have been collecting tomatoes in boxes since mid-June. Whatever I did with them: lecho, Kuban sauce, in their own juice, dried, boiled in juice, and even I have tomato paste stored for the winter ( on our website) .

I have so many tomatoes because they grew on my warm bed, mulched with a thick layer of grass, and I grew very high quality seedlings.

And the bed with tomatoes was the decoration of the site all summer.

And what fabulous watermelons and melons we have this year! I have never eaten such delicious things. 8 watermelon bushes were planted, and we collected more than 20 fragrant and ripe beauties (5-6 kg each). And the melons were also a great success, you can’t buy those at the market. And most importantly, they are useful.

After all, growing them is quite simple: help watermelons to pollinate during flowering, and pinch the main vine of melons in time.

The peppers have grown large and beautiful.

Cabbage is just a miracle! Well, beauty, and that’s all.

We didn’t know what to do with the cucumbers at all, although there was only one small bed of them, but it was also warm and all under grass.

Two more cucumber bushes grew in the greenhouse, they began to produce crops very early, and at the end of summer I carried out rejuvenation (video about), so they began to produce crops with renewed vigor and before frost.

I didn’t even know that corn could be so tasty. I’m writing this now, my mouth is watering, it was so tasty and sweet. It grew along our greenhouse on the sunny side. In the spring, it warmed up well from the greenhouse, and in the hot summer it shaded the tomatoes that grew in the greenhouse.

What a beautiful garden in the fall! I look at my plot, my soul sings, how good it can be to live! Marigolds and dahlias are blooming, various green manures are growing in the beds (mustard, radish, rye, oats, vetch, lupine, phacelia).

Green manure mixture

Friends come to visit and are surprised at how beautiful your garden is, and this is in October. Natural farming- This is great! There is really less work, the harvests are many times larger, and there is so much joy and pleasure!

In the summer I would prune the flowering mustard, but now it’s October and winter is coming.
That's why I admire her now!

The summer was wonderful and the harvests were magical. And we ate plenty of clean ones, healthy vegetables We made a lot of berries and preparations like never before. My dad says: “Let’s plant less of everything, or even ours.” big family We don’t have time to eat everything.” And I am reducing the number of beds for potatoes and other vegetables, and taking up the vacant spaces with flower beds.

I love flowers very much, but most of all roses. A few years ago I was completely indifferent to them, because what I saw in the gardens of gardeners - a twig and one flower - did not inspire me at all. But everything changed when I saw my friends see how real roses from world-famous nurseries bloom. This is a real fairy tale!

Rose Deep Impression.

Rose is the most beautiful flower, the emblem of spring, beauty and love. For the sake of such beauty, I was ready to sweat. It turned out that in fact there is no need to sweat.

Now in my garden there are Cordes and Tantau roses from Germany, Austin roses from England, Delbard and Meillan roses from France, blooming profusely and wintering well.

Rose Candlelight.

But everything turned out to be simple:

Planting a rose correctly

Feed several times over the summer,

Properly cover for the winter

Remove the cover in time in the spring and that’s it!

And these roses turned out to be so grateful and unpretentious.

Rose Alfred Sisley.

Natalia Petrova, Ufa