Types of fires for cooking. Types of fires and their purpose. Nodya fire with different numbers of logs

Bonfire seems to be the only word that gives us warmth and light! And in survival conditions, the equipment of a fire becomes the basis for a normal existence! After all, it not only improves a person’s life, but can literally save lives!

A fire warms you in cold weather, dries wet clothes, cooks food on it, scares away insects and predators, its light destroys darkness, etc. It's cozy and calm with him. It simply fascinates with its flame and gives something that is sometimes impossible to express in words, awakening something primitive in us.

But with all its advantages, it is important to understand that flame can become an enemy! Therefore, it must be handled with extreme caution. In addition, we cannot ignore the topic of what types of fires are there? We'll talk about this today.

Bonfire "Shalash"- by far the most known species fire. To construct it, you need to make some kind of hut out of firewood, and the “entrance” to it should be on the side from which the wind blows. Pros and cons of campfire type "Shalash":

Versatile - cooking, camp lighting, heating.
Simple and fast — easily and quickly constructed, set on fire, ignites and burns.
Hot- creates quite high temperature combustion.
Glutton“You’ll have to add firewood often, it will burn out quickly.”

Bonfire "Well"— A fairly simple and reliable fire, the flame of which is very wide and has a relatively small height. This is good for cooking food, drying wet things, and this type of fire is also suitable for lighting. Pros and cons of campfire type "Well ":

Simple and fast — quick and easy to construct, melts and flares up well. Burns slower than the hut.
timid- Particularly vulnerable to rain.

Bonfire "Star"— Some people also call it a fire “ star". Also suitable for cooking, it copes well with the function of heating shelters. To light this fire, it is advisable to use hard wood (birch, elm, maple, ash, oak, beech, etc.). Logs are laid out in a circle around the kindling material (about five to ten pieces). No more firewood will be needed; all that remains is to move it towards the center as it burns out, so that the “star” maintains its integrity and does not go out. This is very convenient when there are several people around the fire. Pros and cons of campfire type "Star":

Simple and Convenient - both in terms of construction, care, and for cooking and heating.
Economical — saves firewood and maintenance time.
Flaw- does not tolerate rain well, requires fairly thick logs, which must be prepared in advance, for which it would be nice to have a tool (saw or axe, for example).

Bonfire "Polynesian"(another name for “pit”) - most suitable for cooking.
You need to dig a hole and place firewood in a circle along the wall. To ensure better combustion and prevent extinction due to lack of oxygen, a smaller hole is often dug next to the first pit, which is connected to it by a passage. This is how craving arises. Pros and cons of campfire type "Pit":

Discreet and windproof - perfectly resists the wind and hides the flame from unwanted attention.
Economical and convenient - saves fuel and does not require close supervision. Having thrown in firewood, you no longer need to move anything, everything will burn completely.
Digger- it takes time to dig holes, you have to dig. In this case, it is advisable to have a shovel; otherwise, you will have to use alternative tools (, knife, tin or something else), resulting in time and labor intensity this process increases.

Bonfire "Pyramid" ("Lattice")— used for overnight stays, provides good heating and lighting. Burns high and long. It is necessary to lay the logs in layers, each layer across the previous one, in the shape of a pyramid, the base of which is two parallel logs. It will burn slowly and consistently, layer by layer, and it should be set on fire from the top! Pros and cons of campfire type "Lattice":

Long term - burns for a very long time.
Flaws— To get a good long-term effect, thick logs are required, which must be prepared. It's easier to do this with a tool.

In addition to the methods of making fires given here, there are other equally interesting and useful methods, some of which we have already discussed separately in our other articles (you can follow the links: And ).

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• introduce the types of fires and their purpose;
• teach folding Various types fires and keep the fire going.

Material support: logs, branches, sticks, moss, pine cones, wire, tin can, knife with awl.

Progress of the lesson

I. Organizational moment

What did we learn in the last lesson? That's right, we learned:

– choose and prepare a place for the fire;

– became familiar with the types of kindling and fire safety rules.

To natural conditions to warm up, signal about ourselves and cook food, we still need to learn how to build different types of fires and maintain the fire.

II. Examination homework

- Let's review the material from the last lesson. Answer the questions 1-5 on pp. 78-79.

– Additional questions:

Where should you not make fires?

– On a peat bog, in a field among dry grass, in dry pine forests during a dry period, on rocky placers during a dry period, under the crowns of trees, at the roots.

What should you do before leaving the parking lot?

– Collect and burn all the garbage, and then put out your fire: do not be lazy to fill it thoroughly.

III. Explanation of new material

1. Types of fires.

Picture 1. General rules making fires

• A fire is needed for heating and cooking, fire scares away wild animals and can serve as an excellent signal.
• The fire must be protected from strong winds.
• The fire must be provided with access to air, otherwise it will burn poorly and smoke.
• For heating it is better to build a wide fire, and for cooking - a small cone-shaped one.
• The heat from the fire goes up, so the bed by the fire needs to be made higher than its flame.
• The fire should be safe for you and as productive as possible!!!

Figure 2. Main types of fires: smoke, fire and flame

• A smoke fire is lit to ward off mosquitoes and midges, as well as to signal one’s location.
• A fiery fire is lit to illuminate the bivouac area, heat food, boil water, and drive away animals.
• A fire is used for cooking, drying things, and for heating.

Figure 3. Bonfire “Shalash”

• In prolonged bad weather, a fire tightly covered with a hut will protect the flame from wind and rain.
• In this case, the firewood gradually dries out and ignites.
• A fire, loosely built as a hut, is not bad for lighting. You can dry out quickly by such a fire.

Disadvantage: the “hut” burns out quickly and requires constant fuel supply.

Figure 4. Bonfire “Shalash”

• Short, dry firewood is stacked at an angle towards the center, partially resting on each other.
• With this design, the wood burns out mainly from above, and the flame turns out hot.
• This type of fire is convenient if you need to boil water or cook something in one bucket or pan.

Figure 5. Bonfire “Well”

• The “well” can be used for short-term lighting and heating (wood burns out quickly).
• The well is convenient for laying thin twigs when making a fire, as well as firewood for drying.

Figure 6. Bonfire “Well”

• Two logs are placed on the coals in parallel, at some distance from each other; across them - two more, etc.
• This design is appearance, indeed, resembles a well log house.
• It provides good air access to the fire, and the logs usually burn evenly along their entire length.
• This fire is good even in wet weather.

Figure 7. Bonfire “Starry”

• “Star” – economical look a fire that requires hardwood logs.
• This fire is good for maintaining a fire for a long time without constantly adding branches.
• If you have thick, long firewood, but you don’t need a fire that’s too hot, and you need to save wood and don’t have anything to cut it with, the “star fire” is ideal.
• Such a fire is indispensable at night: you just need to move the logs towards the center from time to time.

Figure 8. Bonfire “Starry”

• The logs are placed in radii from the center.
• Combustion occurs predominantly in the center.
• As the wood burns, it needs to be moved towards the middle.
• This type of fire requires constant supervision or it will go out.

Figure 9. Bonfire “Taiga”

• The taiga fire is the most convenient for canopies.
• A thick log lies along the canopy, 2-4 thinner logs are placed star-shaped with their ends on it, on the leeward side opposite the canopy.
• As they burn, the logs are moved.
• Such a fire is also suitable for spending the night without a canopy.

Figure 10. Bonfire “Nodya”

“Nodya” of three logs is the most economical fire. Minimum effort and maximum output - burns for a long time, heats well, does not require constant addition of additional fuel.

A third log is placed on two thick logs. It is better to take the third log thicker than the two lower ones. The length of the logs is usually taken according to the length of the person, or longer (1.5-2.5 m).

In the simplest case, a fire of twigs is made on two thick logs, tightly laid one next to the other.

A node can also be made from two logs placed on top of each other. In this case, in order to prevent them from falling, it is necessary to drive a pair of stakes at both ends.

Independent work

– Open page 77 and sketch the types of fires in your notebook - we will need this at the end of the lesson.

2. Saving fire.

If there are no matches, the problem arises - how to keep the fire going. You can constantly burn a fire. Then you should have someone on duty at night.

If in emergency situation It turned out that there was a group of people, it was better to keep watch around the fire and, in addition to maintaining the fire, make sure that the sparks did not burn through the clothes of the sleeping people.

You can cover the coals from a burnt fire with a layer of ash or cover them big piece bark, such as oak, pine or spruce. Then you can blow them up in the morning and put dry kindling on them. The fire is ready!!!

The Indians, for example, carried long-smoldering firebrands with them. When fishing, they took with them logs that could smolder for 1-2 days.

But what if you have to move? Can be done portable fire storage – torch . To do this, you need to prepare bark, dry moss, and thin long splinters. Laying moss between the splinters, tightly wrap the resulting structure with bark. A torch up to 15 cm thick and 70 cm long will keep the fire for about 6 hours.

(The teacher collects the torch)

When moving through the taiga, you can carry with you smoldering cones, rotten things, for example, in canned food jar, from time to time putting new pieces of dust, pieces of resin, new cones, moss there. This device will serve as an excellent means of repelling mosquitoes and midges.

Testing the assimilation of new material

Doing practical tasks for groups using cards (using the pictures on page 77):

– group No. 1 (2-3 students): build a “hut” fire from the prepared material;

– group No. 2 (2-3 students): build a fire “well” from the prepared material;

– group No. 3 (2-3 students): build a “star” fire from the prepared material;

– group No. 4 (2-3 students): build a “taiga” fire from the prepared material;

– group No. 5 (2-3 students): build a “nodya” fire from the prepared material;

– group No. 6 (2-3 students): collect the torch:

– group No. 7 (2-3 students): assemble a portable fire storage unit.

Answer the questions

Figure 11. Quiz

1) Name the types of fires that you know?

2) What type of fire will you choose if you need to boil a kettle, cook soup, keep warm, if that’s all?

does this need to be done at the same time? (“Taiga” or “Lattice”)

3) Are smoke fires used for cooking? (No)

4) Are fires used to give a signal? (No)

5) Are flaming fires used to dry things? (No)

6) On what kind of fire can you quickly boil water? (“Well” or “Hut”)

7) What can be a portable fire storage facility? (Torch or jar with cones and rotten things)

Figure 12. Good luck!!!

IV. Final part

Summing up the lesson, grading work in the lesson with comments.

Homework: textbook, pp. 75-78, questions 6-11 on pp. 80-81.

HANDOUT for LESSON No. 13 “Types of fires. Saving Fire"

HANDOUT for LESSON No. 13 “Types of fires. Saving Fire"

Bonfires and their types, what types of fires there are, the pros and cons of this or that fire. Today we’ll touch on interesting topic, with which everyone who goes into the forest and cooks should be familiar with.
There are 7 main types of fires:

1. Hut (also called pyramid)
2. Well
3. Taiga
4. Dakota (closed fire) or Polynesian
5. Nodya
6. Star
7. Mole (stove)

In order to understand all the pros and cons of the above types of fires, I suggest you familiarize yourself with each of them in more detail.

1. Bonfire “Shalash”

Quite common type of fire, I I would say this type of fire is used by the vast majority of people. At least, I use this fire more often than others.

How to breed:

This type of fire is quite simple to make. You need to take firewood and stack it in the shape of a hut, put kindling inside the hut and set it on fire.

Attention! The first row of the fire is laid from thin branches; when they start to burn, we add larger firewood (we put firewood to form a hut). In this way, we will protect ourselves from the fire going out. Because if we immediately build a hut from thick firewood, the kindling may go out before the wood starts burning. (my personal opinion. From experience)

This is a “Hot” fire that can be used both for cooking and drying clothes, and for lighting and heating the parking lot.

It is not advisable to use this fire for heating a parking lot at night, as it requires a lot of firewood and frequent addition of it.

pros: Hot, even and large flame.

Good for cooking food and drying clothes

Can be used to illuminate a parking lot as it lights up brightly

Minuses:Not suitable for spending the night, as it requires frequent adding of wood to the fire and, accordingly, the presence of a person on duty.

For long burning requires a lot of wood.

2. Bonfire “Well”

I would put this type of fire as the next most popular type of fire.

This fire is simply great for cooking, it produces great heat and a directed flame.

How to breed:

We stack the firewood prepared in advance in a well, put kindling in the center and set it on fire.

pros: Directional flame suitable for cooking or drying clothes

Minuses: For such a fire, firewood of approximately the same size is desirable. In principle, this is not a problem.

Another disadvantage is that this type of fire cannot be used to heat a bivouac, as it produces a directed flame, which is more suitable for cooking.

3. Bonfire “Taiga”

This is an excellent camp fire (that is, used to heat the camp).

This fire gives a lot of heat and is made quite simply, of course, if you have firewood (logs) of the required diameter. You can sleep by a properly made taiga fire even in winter. bonfire Can light in the snow, the fire is very stable in weather conditions

How to breed:

As mentioned above, to make this fire, you need to have either a saw or an ax (at least an ax). Since this fire is a camp fire, you need appropriate firewood (logs) so that it can burn for 6-8 hours.

We fell thick dead trees and saw or cut them into several pieces, about 2 meters each.

A thick tree is placed across the place where you will spend the night( subjurlok 2.3 logs 2 meters long are placed on the poyurlok (log). The logs are pushed forward a little and set on fire from below.

Attention! On the sub-jurlock, 3 logs should lie together, and on the ground separately (see the picture above). This is done so that the part of the logs that is not extended beyond the sub-jurlock does not catch fire.

As the logs burn through, they will need to be moved. As a rule, standing up 1.2 times per night is enough.

Pros:

This is a wonderful campfire that will provide you with a warm overnight stay, even in winter.

Minuses:

Thick logs required

You need to wake up 1.2 times a night to move the logs

4. Bonfire "Dakota"

This type of fire is not as common as the above, but it has certain advantages. These types of fires are practically invisible and at the same time produce a lot of coals. These types of hearth fires are also good in bad weather if you make a canopy over them.

The “Dakota” fire is still a little different from the “Polynesian”. The “Dakota” has a draft hole, but the Polynesian does not.

How to divorce: We dig a cone-shaped hole half a meter deep and line the walls with “logs” and build a fire (Polynesian) at the bottom.

To make a “Dakota” fire, you additionally need to dig a ventilation draft hole (to do this, we dig a small hole half a meter from the fire, deepen it and connect the hole with an underground passage to the fire pit).

pros: A fire is very convenient for cooking.

Can be used in bad weather (rain) if you first make a canopy over the fire.

The fire is almost invisible to “outsiders”

Minuses: It is necessary to dig a hole, which is difficult in the absence of a shovel (or, for example, in winter).

The fire is highly specialized and can only be used for cooking.

5. Bonfire “Nodya”

This is a typical campfire, used for spending the night in the forest during the cold season.

How to breed: For nodes you need dry logs 2-3 meters in length and 25 cm in diameter.

There are two varieties of nodya, these are 2-log and 3-log “nodya”. As for me, nodya

3 logs are much easier to build and burn hotter.

How to breed:

If you make a fire in winter, you need to clear the area under the “node” of snow or put crossbars, then put 2 lower logs and build a uniform fire on them along the entire length. When the logs “take up” the fire, you need to put a third one on them.

When spending the night with a "node", it is advisable to make a reflective screen from tarpaulin or snow. The heat from the node will be reflected from the screen and warm you.

The “turning out” of wood can also serve as a heat shield.

Nodya should be located at least a meter away from your sleeping place.

To make the logs ignite better, you can first make notches on them, so the fire will ignite the wood faster.

pros: This is a fire for spending the night, you can sleep next to it even in severe frost and get a good night's sleep.

Can heat a group of people at once

Minuses:It takes quite a lot of time to create it, but it's worth it.

This fire requires you to have an ax or saw.

6. Bonfire “Starry”

This fire is quite common among the indigenous people of Siberia

How to breed:

Several logs (3-5 pieces) are placed in a star shape in the center and a fire is lit. As the logs burn, they are moved forward. This fire is very hot, you can spend the night near it even in winter.

Pros:

Very hot fire, gives a lot of heat

Minuses: It is necessary to move the logs towards the center as they burn.

Thick logs are required, as in fact for any type of bivouac fires.

7. Bonfire “Mole”

This type of fire belongs to the type of hearth fires. I have not used such a fire.

In order to make this fire, you need to dig a hole in a steep slope and bring the hole out at the top of the slope.

I only know one thing, such a fire makes an excellent smokehouse for fish. Construction of a camp smokehouse:

1. Bonfire "Mole"
2. There's a fish hanging at the top
3. Firewood: Juniper, cherry or alder

That’s probably all I wanted to say about the types of fires. If anything is unclear, write in the comments. Of course, you can do without a fire if you have a sleeping bag. read the link

A campfire on a bivouac is wonderful. It allows you to fully enjoy unity with nature. Probably every man at least once was drawn to the forest, to a fire, to nature. Sitting by the fire, you imagine yourself as a primitive hunter who sits by the fire, after a successful hunt, eating juicy meat. Fire protects a person from animals, gives him light and warmth.

Protect the environment!

What types of fires are there, their pros and cons

Overnight in the forest winter conditions in frosty weather or cold autumn under open air requires appropriate heating. A comfortable stay in a frosty forest or on the shore of a pond is the first condition for survival. For extreme conditions Nodya is considered the best fire. It is the most economical, produces uniform combustion, does not require constant supervision and is not prone to premature extinction.

Nodya is a long-burning taiga fire made of two logs. Such a fire not only burns for a long time, but the heat from it is quite strong. Etymologically, the word “nodya” comes from the Finnish nuotio - fire. There are several types of nodes made of two or more logs.

In the structure of a real node there are only two logs, which are placed one above the other, the fire is kindled between them and gives the well-known effect of a long-burning fire - uniform and long-lasting heat as a result of the slow burning of firewood (O.V. Zharov, game manager). There are modifications in which three logs are placed into the structure of the fire (two lie side by side on the ground, the third is placed on top). However, this fire is essentially another type of fire - a “stacked” hunting fire; it can contain more than three logs. Such a fire, unlike a nodya, does not give the desired effect - even and long burning, economical consumption of firewood and self-regulation of the flame.

Self-regulation of the flame is carried out due to the subsidence of the upper log during the burning process and thereby maintaining an optimal gap between the logs of 2-3 cm, or practically no gap when the top rests on the burning coals below. With a log thickness of 40 cm, the node burns all night.

This video shows a classic Nodya, made according to historically reliable sources.

This is not the only unusual fire. Read about an equally interesting variety.

Nodya. Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

Nodya is a taiga long- and weakly burning, smoldering fire made of logs. The word “nodya” is a borrowing from the Finno-Ugric languages ​​(cf. modern Finnish nuotio - fire’).

Nodya “guard fire for hunters”, Arkhang., Nodya the same, Perm., Nodya, Notyo, Sib., Perm., Nizhny Novgorod, Nudya, Olonetsk. (Kulik.1). From Karelian nuodivo, Finnish nuotio”bonfire in the parking lot”; see Kalima 173. Komi nodja.

In the design of an authentic node there are only two logs, which are laid horizontally one above the other, the fire is kindled between them and gives uniform and long-lasting heat due to slow burning.

In a number of recommendations, a nodya is depicted as consisting of three logs (two on the ground, one above them); it is essentially a hunting fire in a “stack”, which is often made of five or more logs (the first row of three logs on the ground, the second row of two above them , the third - from one at the very top). This fire has nothing to do with the Nodier, since it excludes the main properties of a real Nodier - uniformity and duration of combustion, efficiency and self-regulation of the flame.

Practicing rangers from the Pitkäranta region of Karelia call “nodya” both the above-mentioned fire of two logs held above each other by stakes, and a fire of six logs in a pyramid (three below, two on top and one on the third floor).

Nodya - night bivouac fire

Nodya - a type of tourist bivouac campfire NODYA - night bivouac campfire made of 2 or 3 logs lying on top of each other, used for heating when sleeping under a screen, burns with an even, hot flame for several hours. The burning time directly depends on the thickness of the logs. Usually a node is constructed from 3 straight dry logs 35-40 cm thick. Pine is preferable - it burns with an even flame, without sparks; spruce and fir burn well, but they “shoot” embers that can burn through a sleeping bag or backpack.

Logs 1.5-2.5 m long, depending on the number of tourists spending the night by the fire, are cleared of branches and twigs. To make them flare up faster, they make numerous notches and notches on the side where the fire will be. The lower logs are placed tightly next to each other on the ground cleared of snow, under acute angle to the direction of the wind. In the space between the logs, dry small brushwood, birch bark, tree moss are laid out along their entire length, and burning coals from another fire are laid out on them. When the brushwood burns, the third, thickest log is placed on top, first on small spacers - knots, small logs, so as not to “crush” the growing fire. The combustion will be uniform if the logs fit tightly together along the entire length; it is adjusted by turning the logs. You can light Nodya on an already burning fire. To do this, rake the fire to the length of the prepared logs, add brushwood, small logs and other kindling, and when they ignite, roll 2 bottoms onto the coals. logs so that the coals from the burning fire are mainly between them; then a third log is placed on top. See also “Bonfire”.

Prepared from materials: A short guide for tourists. 3rd ed. M., 1985;
Lukoyanov P.I., Winter sports hikes. 2nd ed. M., 1988

Tourists, fishermen and hunters know firsthand how important fire is during a hike, as well as the ability to get and maintain it. But people far from extreme sports may also need information about what types of fires there are. After all, some of them are good for drying, others for heating, and others for cooking hot food.

Main types of fires

Weather conditions, the availability of firewood, and the capabilities of tourists dictate certain options and types of fires. Each of them has its own purpose, features and characteristics. Before lighting a fire, you need to decide for what purpose it is required, and, based on this, make your choice.

Bonfire “hut” (cone) and “pyramid”

The simplest and most common type of fire. Used by novice campers to get a quick and hot flame.

The kindling is placed in the center, first thin branches, then thicker ones are placed around it obliquely in the form of a cone. A gap is left on the windy side. This design creates excellent traction. The result is a powerful, concentrated fire. The “hut” fire has universal design, which allows you to stay warm, illuminate the camp at night, cook food, and dry clothes. Its disadvantage is the rapid combustion of the upper part and, accordingly, excessive gluttony and uneconomical consumption of firewood. Therefore, it is of little use for an overnight stay, since a permanent attendant will be required to maintain the fire.

A smoke or signal type of fire “hut” can save a person’s life. It is advisable to have several of them; it is better to place them on the most elevated areas. The design is like a “hut”, but with a pile of damp grass or branches to produce a column of white smoke. Some seasoned tourists use it to expel midges. IN role-playing game with its help you can create a smoke screen and mislead the imaginary enemy. You will need a lot of spruce branches and damp vegetation.

The “pyramid” (essentially a large “hut”) is built from two parallel logs. Smaller logs are placed across them and so on: now along, now across until the pyramid is built. Gives a bright fire. The bonfire is more intended to create a powerful visual effect, so it is essentially useless. It delights young people at various gatherings, but some use it for an overnight stay.

Taiga fire and its subspecies

This name means different types fires similar in design: “cannon” (Tunguska), “hunter’s hearth”. Burns for 6-8 hours.

Fact: The taiga fire is often confused with “nodya”, which is not entirely true, but is not a serious mistake. Unlike “nodya”, the taiga type is simpler and more versatile - that’s why it was used in ancient times.

2-3 logs are placed on the subyurlok in the form of a thick tree. The latter are slightly pushed forward and built in the form of a fan, that is, they are placed together on the tree, and apart on the ground. This allows the logs that are not pushed beyond the yurlock not to burn. The kindling is placed at the bottom. To prevent the fire from going out, the logs are moved as they burn out. Taiga fire Can be grown even in the snow.

The “hunter’s hearth” is built a little differently - the flame is limited on both sides by two large logs so as to create a natural barbecue.

Nodya fire with different numbers of logs

A meter from the sleeping place, clear an area for a fire pit, especially in winter, or place crossbars. 2 even dry logs with a diameter of about 30 cm and a length of 2-3 m are placed nearby. A 10 cm gap is left between them, where kindling is placed in the form of dry leaves, birch bark, and small brushwood. Sometimes a fast-burning version of a fire is used as a seed. To prevent the logs from rolling down, stakes are driven around.

When the logs ignite from a uniform flame, a third one is placed on them (the notches speed up the ignition process). Thick wood will burn longer, sometimes up to 36 hours. To reflect heat, it is advisable to build an appropriate screen of snow or tarpaulin. A group of people can spend the night next to the Nodya fire even in severe cold. You will need: time to build it, as well as a saw or an axe, but if you want to sleep in the cold, there is no other more reliable option.

Nodya fires can be one-, two-, four-logs and even larger. The main thing is that the pegs hold them in place and prevent them from rolling off. For the durability of a double-log structure, its elements at the points of contact should be trimmed. In the version with a single log, one end is split, lit, placed vertically. After coals have formed inside the log, it is laid horizontally.

Special types of fires

There are several options and modifications of the basic designs. Most often it is either a combination of two types or specific fires for special purposes.

The point of this design is to create a “combustion chamber” inside the log. You can do this in several ways:

1. The log is split into several parts, the core is scraped off and used as kindling (you don’t have to do this if you widen the gaps).
2. Cross cuts are made in the log 3/4 of its length from the top.

Exists perfect option“Finnish candle”: the log is cut into 4 parts, the core is cleaned and a small groove is cut out at the junction in the lower part of the log - to feed the flame with oxygen. By covering this hole, you can regulate the fire. Before ignition, the structure is tightened with wire.

A similar fire can be made from 3 round logs, also covering them with wire and filling the core with kindling material. " Finnish candle» is intended primarily for cooking, but the 3-log option can be used as a small heating unit.

Bonfire "fireplace"

A kind of field hearth designed for quickly boiling water and cooking large quantity food. It is especially relevant in places where it is difficult to get good firewood, but there are bricks or stones. The design is simple and unpretentious - the fire is lined with cobblestones of approximately the same size on three sides.

Bonfire "trench"

A type of fireplace designed to produce coals and cook food for a large group of people. Will help out in strong wind and in open areas. To equip it, a ditch is dug 30 cm deep, 1 m long and 0.5 m wide. The bottom of the hole is lined with stones, constructing a structure similar to an earthen barbecue. You can cook on the stones themselves or on skewers or spits placed on them. This is an economical option that does not require a lot of firewood. By covering the coals with earth and grass, you can arrange a place for yourself to spend the night.

Bonfire "reflector"

It is a hybrid of the “Nodya” fire and the taiga “hunter’s hearth”. The whole difficulty lies in arranging the reflector - the logs are stacked one on top of the other, like a fence. But such a wall significantly increases the temperature. Very rare even corner options"reflector".

Exotic types of fires

Such options cannot be called universal, but even they can be beneficial in certain situations. But in most cases they are still useless and not worth the effort.

Bonfire “well” and “grid”

Short thick logs are folded to form a rectangle. Kindling in the form of dry leaves, small firewood and brushwood is placed inside. The option is more economical, as it burns slowly, produces a hot, even, wide flame and a lot of heat. Suitable for cooking and drying clothes.

The pot can be placed directly on the log house. For its construction, you will need logs of the same size, split lengthwise, for the stability of the structure. Over time, it burns out and, having collapsed, resembles the “taiga” one in a scattered version. Therefore, it is better to hang the pot just in case.

A “grid” fire is a “well” without a central shaft. With each layer, the thickness of the logs or branches should decrease - the flame ignites from above and gradually moves down.

Polynesian fire

Not the most familiar option for Russian open spaces. To construct it, you will need a hole 30 cm deep. It is advisable to line its walls with stones. Build a structure at the bottom, pointing the logs upward. Economical option, burns for a long time, is not afraid of rain. It turns out almost invisible. There will be less smoke if you use a dug trench to connect it to another hole.

Dakota Hearth (Dakota)

The most inconspicuous fire, suitable only for cooking and drying. If the soil is sandy and crumbles easily, you will have to abandon this option. For arrangement, a hole with a diameter and depth of 30 cm is dug, then an inclined tunnel to the fireplace (15 cm in diameter) is made on the windward side, which will create a draft of oxygen and minimize smoke.

Bonfire "star"

A slow-burning but hot option, shaped like a fan. A “star” fire consists of 3-5 logs stacked together at one end. Used for overnight stays even in winter, it is popular among native Siberians. As the wood burns, it is moved towards the center of the star. Many tourists consider this design to be bulky and take up a lot of space.