What causes a short circuit. How to find a short circuit yourself. Possible Causes of Electrical Damage

A short circuit in the wiring occurs when the external resistance of the circuit drops to a negligible value. To measure it, find electromotive force current source and internal resistance, then calculate the short circuit current. Take a current source and measure its electromotive force (emf).

An acute episode, if it does not resolve spontaneously, may be terminated during access to first aid through intravenous administration or electrical cardioversion. To prevent arrhythmic recurrence, antiarrhythmic drugs may be given by mouth or by an interventional procedure called trancateid ablation.

Choice medicinal product and doses may vary depending on the type of ventricular tachycardia, the patient's cardiopathy, and response to treatment. The main side effects are nausea and weakness, and some medications can also cause damage to the thyroid, eyes, and lungs; the risk of exacerbation of the arrhythmia is very low. For these reasons, treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs should be accompanied by periodic monitoring by a trusted cardiologist.

what documents do you give, about the conclusion of the diagnosis?

Short circuit in wiring occurs when the external resistance of the circuit decreases to a negligible value. To measure it, find the electromotive force of the current source and its internal resistance, and then calculate the short circuit current. Take a current source and measure its electromotive force (emf). To do this, connect the tester, configured to measure voltage, to the source terminals, being careful. The tester screen will display the EMF value of the source, measured in volts. Sometimes the EMF of the current source is known in advance, for example, if it is a twelve-volt battery, this is its EMF, but the internal resistance of the current source is most often unknown.

Calculate the internal resistance of the current source. To do this, connect a consumer to it, after knowing its resistance. Use a resistor with a known resistance value, which is determined by the corresponding code, or measure it with a tester, reconfiguring it to measure resistance. Connect it to a current source, and measure the voltage across it with a tester by connecting it to a resistor in parallel. The voltage across the resistor must be less than the EMF of the source. Calculate the internal resistance of the current source. To do this, subtract the voltage across the resistor from the EMF, and divide the difference by the value of the same voltage across the resistor. Multiply the result by the resistance of the resistor. r \u003d (EMF-U). R / U. The result is in ohms.

Efficacy in the prevention of recurrent ventricular tachycardia, however, is not very high in both patients without heart disease and cardiopathy. It aims to make the structures responsible for ventricular tachycardia inactive. The ablation procedure is performed during hospitalization, local anesthesia and special probes inserted through the veins or arteries. Thus, one can evaluate electrical characteristics heart and trigger through the electrical impulses of arrhythmia the patient has affection, accurately identifying the responsible mechanism.

Calculate the short circuit current. To do this, divide the EMF value of the current source by its internal resistance Ikz \u003d EMF / r. The result is in amps.

This value can be used to check short circuit for this particular current source. If any circuit is connected to it, then when the current value in it reaches the calculated value, a short circuit will occur and the current source or circuit element will fail (burn out). To prevent this from happening, install a fuse in the circuit that interrupts it when the current reaches a value equal to the short-circuit current. These can be fuses or thermal fuses.

This stage is called "electrophysiological study". Then, by moving one of the probes inside the heart, the area responsible for the arrhythmia is precisely examined and located. Once identified, the area is rendered inactive, creating a small "scar" caused by the passage of a current that generates heat transmitted through the probe. Less commonly, a "scar" can be created through the cold created by the passage of a special gas inside the probe. This stage takes the name "transcatemal ablation". If necessary, anticoagulants or sedatives may be prescribed during the procedure.

Find short circuit

Life modern man impossible to imagine without artificial lighting, heating, telephone communication and television. All these and many other benefits were given to us by electricity, which we sometimes forget about. We believe that it is and will always be.

Complications are relatively rare and depend mainly on the location of the area responsible for the arrhythmia and the severity of the heart disease from which the patient is suffering. Patients with a healthy heart have a very high chance of being cured and much higher than with antiarrhythmic drugs. The need to repeat the ablation procedure for failure or recurrence of arithmetic is unusual. In cases where the arrhythmia is associated with heart disease, treatment is less likely, and even with acute success, it is not always possible to rule out additional forms of arrhythmia over time.

And if suddenly the lights go out in the house, it seems to us that life has stopped and deprived us of extremely necessary conditions existence. In Rus' there is such a proverb: "Having - you do not appreciate, but having lost - you cry." I think it's about electricity.

Electricity goes a long way from the power plant to our home, where the last link in this chain is the electrical equipment of the room. Very often, the cause of the "loss of electricity" is a short circuit or household appliances. In the people, this malfunction is called a "goat". A short circuit occurs due to a violation of the insulation of conductive parts of equipment or electrical wiring as a result of mechanical damage or exposure to moisture.

Therefore, with few exceptions, in these patients, trancatea ablation can be considered as an intervention that can reduce the number of arrhythmic episodes, but not completely prevent them, and thus eliminate the risk of sudden death. Drugs and transcatheal ablation are unable to prevent cardiac arrest. The system consists of two parts.

Causes of electrical wiring failure

A power plant that recognizes and generates electrical impulses; represents the "brain" of the system and is usually located at the top of the chest; one or more probes connected to the generator and located inside the heart; transmit electrical impulses from the generator to the heart and vice versa. In the presence of high-frequency tachycardia, the defibrillator can intervene in two ways.

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Radiating electrical impulses at a higher frequency than the arrhythmia arrhythmias; providing high level electric shock, which stops the arrhythmia and restarts the heart with its normal rhythm. A defibrillator is implanted by an electrophysiologist during a short-term rescue. The device is inserted into local anesthesia through a small incision made on the top of the chest. One or more probes are inserted through a vein located in the same area of the incision and placed in the heart under the guidance of x-rays.

System performance is assessed by influencing electrical impulses on ventricular arrhythmias and testing its ability to interrupt it with an electrical shock. At this stage, the patient is deeply sedated with drugs to prevent pain. Complications are rare and mainly due to the introduction of probes. The reset takes place the next day of the plant. Proper functioning of the defibrillator will be assessed through periodic outpatient examinations. When the battery runs out, the generator will be replaced by an equivalent model during a short-term rescue.

Diagnosis of a short circuit in the wiring

Have you bought an apartment, a house or just thinking about renovation? In any case, start by conducting a thorough diagnosis of the electrical wiring. Otherwise, you run the risk that the expensive decoration of the apartment will turn into empty expenses and unfulfilled desires. A pointless waste of money and time.

They don't work properly or don't work at all. One of the easiest to remove is the fuse fuse, which works with directional indicators. A fuse can burn for several reasons, the most likely being an internal fault in one of the turn signals. Another could be a shorted wiring or cable in the turn signal or steering wheel switch - the latter is extremely rare.

The symptom of one of the turn signals blowing out is either not lighting their lights or lighting and extinguishing them at a much higher frequency than usual. If the indicator does not turn on both the left and right turn signals, the fuse for the turn signals or the bulb may have been blown. After getting out of the car, you can judge whether the direction indicators are working. If so, replace the light bulb. If not - check fuses and replace blown ones.

Untimely diagnostics of electrical wiring is fraught with significant additional costs for negligence and the hope for the notorious “maybe it will cost”.

Diagnosis of a short circuit in electrical wiring, today, is a frequently requested service. Moreover, it becomes necessary not only on the eve of repairs.

Turn signal damage

Damage to the turn signal machine may also occur. To check this, remove it from the socket or remove the cables coming from the socket and protect it from accidental contact with metal parts case and remember which terminals were connected if not ankle connected. Then, after turning on the direction indicators, find the cord or contact in the socket where the voltage appears. For this, a simple voltage tester is used. The next step is to replace the tightening machine with a piece of wire with insulated tips for a moment.

Often, electrical wiring diagnostics are performed to make sure that the state of the electrical network is in good condition, if necessary, to eliminate an open circuit and timely eliminate the prerequisites for a short circuit.

How and by whom work is carried out to identify short circuits and the current state insulating materials wires? It is no secret that it is the insulation that is destroyed, and not the wire itself.

One of its ends must be connected to the grinder or power cord that has just been touched. At the other end, gently touch one of the other two wires. If you touch the ground wire, there is a strong spark or even a fuse. If the power cord with the cable that connects the chopper to the turn signals is unplugged, it should light up on one side of the vehicle. This will indicate switch failure. This item has not been refurbished. Please replace it with care to properly connect the wires included in it or insert it into the socket correctly.

Professional diagnostics is carried out by ringing the electrical cable from one point to the next point in the circuit. Diagnostics electrical wiring Few do it on their own. This procedure requires certain knowledge and experience. In addition, special equipment is used for diagnostics. In addition, checking the condition of the electrical network is quite dangerous, as in other matters, and all electrical work. Therefore, to carry it out, you must have the appropriate permission.
The Agat company guarantees diagnostics of electrical wiring at the highest level.

We carry out electrical work of any complexity. Diagnosis of a short circuit in the wiring is also included in the list of our services - cable ringing, search for wire breaks, elimination of a short circuit. Qualified masters of the company will quickly help to detect and eliminate emergencies electrical networks.

We offer the following types work on the prevention of electrical networks:

search for wires in the wall and concealed wiring;
short circuit search;
search for broken wires;
search for the cause of the operation of automatic machines and RCDs;
search for a leak electric current;
troubleshooting found faults.

After the work of the company's specialists, you can be sure that the electrical wiring in your apartment is long years will stay in perfect condition. Feel free to connect the necessary Appliances or with full confidence start the long-awaited repair.

We provide a guarantee for all types of diagnostic work. You can find preliminary prices for diagnostic work on the company's website.

After diagnosis, you may need additional work, such as:

electrical wiring;
installation of switches;
installation of sockets;
other types of electrical work.

That's why exact cost The master will tell you, having determined the scope of work on the spot. All you need is a phone call to the manager of the company - to call an electrician to your house. All other problems are solved by the company's specialists. Little things do not happen! You remain calm and confident. Often we observe that suddenly an incomprehensible brown-yellow stripe appears on the wallpaper above the cable. Or a charred socket outlet or switch. Little things, you will dismiss. And in vain, because there are no trifles in the work of electrical wiring.

Such visual problems directly scream that the wiring is overheating and a break in the network segment will soon follow, with all the ensuing consequences.

If you pay attention to such facts - immediately use the service "electrician at home, urgently!". Your electrical network needs an "ambulance": immediate diagnosis of a short circuit in.

Any, even insignificant at first glance, mechanical damage, is also fraught with a short circuit and the occurrence of a fire hazard in the apartment.

To fix the problem, the master will have to carry out a series of electrical work: electrical network diagnostics, identification and elimination of the damaged element. Next, you will need to install new equipment, test the network and put it into operation.

According to the type of laying, wiring is divided into three types - open wiring, closed and combined, so carry out correctly upcoming work Only a professional electrician can do it.

Do not rely on your own strength and do not try to fix the problems that have arisen on your own or together with a neighbor. If only one of you is not a competent electrician with experience, then there will be no miracle. Only the experience, knowledge and competence of Agat employees are your faithful allies.

CALL! Repairs in your home electrical wiring will be done neatly, professionally and will not take much time.

Even if you are sure that the electrical network is in perfect order, it will never be superfluous to carry out preventive diagnostics.

This procedure is not expensive, however, it is very important for your safety.

How to find a fault in home wiring yourself

Wiring faults can be different, but they can be divided into groups and similar methods for finding and correcting the fault can be applied to each group.

What are the parameters of faults: 1st - no phase, 2nd - no zero, 3rd - no phase or zero, 4th - arcing, 5th - short circuit

Wiring is designed for a long service life and, therefore, even if it is not made of copper wire and from aluminum, it almost never fails by itself. In 50% of cases, all malfunctions occur at the junctions of electrical wires with each other, such as:
boxes, sockets, switches, switchboards, lamps, etc. all breakdowns associated with malfunctions of this type, we will refer to the first class.

The second class of malfunctions includes malfunctions associated with mechanical impact on the electrical wire at the places of drilling, chiselling walls, installing skirting boards, hanging pictures, chandeliers, etc.

The third class of electrical failure is the rarest, occurring in 20% of cases. The malfunction occurs due to a break or short circuit in the electrical wire in the wall. This may be due to a large electrical load. Or is it related to crumbling, old, aluminum wires. But, as a rule, this species malfunctions - poor-quality electrical installation. This is the most dangerous view malfunctions. It is the most difficult to detect (only with special instruments) and the most difficult to correct. Correction is always associated with chiselling walls, ceilings, etc.

Initially, when you do not know where the fault is in the wiring, we assume the first and second group of faults, since they occur more often.
We inspect everything visually, if there are blackouts in sockets, switches, chandeliers. A knowledgeable master electrician will always ask what construction works were made during the period of malfunction (hanging paintings, chandeliers, sconces, drilling walls, installing skirting boards ... etc.). Perhaps the problem is related to these actions. Then the electrician will look into the electrical panel, make sure that everything is turned on. circuit breakers leading to the apartment. If nothing is found, we assume the failure of the first group.

In order to find a malfunction of the first group, you need to know and imagine how the electrical installation is carried out in the apartment, from where and where certain electrical wires should go. What actions did electrical work have on your walls, floor and ceiling.
As a rule, malfunctions occur, usually with old electrical wiring. Let's see how it goes electric wires in old houses. According to this scheme, the electrician of apartments, in old houses and in new municipal houses, where the cable laying has already been done, is carried out.
In old houses, on the stairwell in the electrical panel, there are two automatic switches (if there is an electric stove, then three). One circuit breaker is on the light group (for all bulbs) the other on the socket group (for all sockets).
Cable laying to the light group is carried out along the floor of the upper floor, in screeds. (cement-sand mortar on the floor). In other words, during construction, this wire was laid from the electrical panel to the upper apartment, where it was laid along the floor to the place where the nearest switch stands below, a hole was made, the power wire went down to the first unsoldered box. (it is located in the corridor at the entrance to the apartment) Further from this box, the wiring goes, also along the floor of the upper floor, to the chandelier, and to the next soldered box. Next, the electrical wire is laid in the rooms in the same way. Holes are also punched at the locations of the unsoldered boxes and chandeliers, and the electrical wire goes down. From the soldered box, the wire goes down to the switch. The unsoldered box is located 10-15 cm from the ceiling, on the wall. As a rule, it is located above the switch.

If on top floor repairs are underway, and workers are removing the screed, they can damage your wire that lies on their floor. This is also worth considering. It is necessary to warn the workers so that they do not touch your wires.

The socket group goes along the floor of your apartment under the screed (from one socket to another). The first outlet to which the electrical wiring comes from the shield is located in the room closest to this shield. From this outlet, cable installation is carried out to another nearest outlet, along the floor, in a screed. Usually it is located on the opposite wall, and the wire is laid along the shortest distance between them. Then, a hole is drilled in the wall from this socket, and the wire enters another room, where the next socket stands, and so on. Of course, the electrician of apartments and houses is carried out in the same way, with the exception of the “cunning” master electricians who carried out the electrical installation.
Only one wire is suitable for the final outlet. This outlet is usually the least faulty.

Imagining how the wiring in the apartment is going and, seeing the consequences of a malfunction, you can begin to search for the malfunction itself.

For example, a malfunction in the light group. When the machine is turned on, all the lights in the apartment do not light up. This means that the malfunction is either in the electrical panel or in the first unsoldered box.
We open the electrical panel and see if voltage is supplied to this group, where the malfunction is located. We check with a tester, or a control light. Better light bulb It either lights up or it doesn't. It is necessary to check the wires that go to the apartment, that is, after the circuit breaker. Attach a control light, with one contact, to the bottom of the machine, belonging to the faulty group, and to the zero bus. Be sure to touch the bare ends of the wire. Since the malfunction can be both in the switched on circuit breaker and on the zero bus. If there is no malfunction there, then we go to the first light wiring and check there. There is almost always a problem. If voltage is not supplied to it, it means that a break has occurred on the road, which is very rare.

If part of the lighting is off, for example, the chandelier in the room does not turn on, then voltage is supplied from the shield, it is supplied to the first unsoldered box and supplied to the second, which means that the malfunction can be both in the chandelier and in the switch, in the unsoldered box above the switch , or in the previous soldered box, where the power wire comes from. With this malfunction, you should first, with the switch on, check the contact of the wire coming to the chandelier with the chandelier itself. You can check with a test light or a tester. Fault with highly likely is found. If there is no voltage, remove the switch and see if there is a malfunction in it. A fault is most likely found in these connections. If everything is fine there, you will have to look in the unsoldered box above the switch. If no voltage is supplied there either, then you will have to look for the previous unsoldered box, there may be a malfunction in it. Thus, the electrical wiring, in the light group, reveals its faults to us.

If there is a malfunction in the socket group (all sockets do not work), as well as in the light one, the malfunction can be both in the switchboard and in the first power outlet. In the electrical panel, we check the same as in the previous case. Then we go to the intended power outlet and check for voltage there. This outlet is the largest load and most of the faults fall on it.
If some of the sockets do not work for you, for example, they work in the kitchen, but not in the room behind the wall, then the voltage is supplied to the socket group and the malfunction can be both in non-working sockets and in a working socket behind the wall in the kitchen, because the power comes from her. Troubleshooting is best to start with it. We check the voltage on it so as to first touch the two incoming wires, and then the two cores (zero and phase) of the outgoing wire. The contact between the wires may be oxidized and the electric current through this contact may not flow. If one of copper wires covered with green, which means it has oxidized. It is necessary to strip the wires and re-tighten the contacts in the socket. If the voltage goes into the room, then we go into it, disassemble the sockets in the room and look for a malfunction there. The fault is likely to be found.

If there is voltage somewhere, but it does not come where it is needed, then we attribute this malfunction to the third group. Either look for a broken wire. special device, then gouge this place and connect the damaged wires, or lay a new wire between the working and not working sockets, soldered boxes, electrical panel.

The second type of malfunction, if it was not detected visually, will also have to be looked for by the device. Fixing it also requires gouging out the damaged area of the wire so that it can be repaired, then restoring everything as it was. Or you can run a new wire in place of the damaged wire. The most common damage to the wire occurs when drilling the wall to attach the baseboard.

A short circuit in the wiring, which turns off the circuit breaker, most often occurs when the wire is damaged. It also occurs in connections: in sockets, in chandeliers, in soldered boxes. Less often, a short circuit occurs in the wall. A short circuit is possible when your apartment is flooded with water, in this case you need to turn off the electricity (turn off the circuit breakers) and wait until the water dries, then you can turn it on.

That's all the main faults, if you have the desire and a lot of free time, you can fix them yourself. Otherwise, it is better to entrust the work to professionals.

What keys do we use?

short circuit in wiring

How to find a short circuit in the wiring yourself.

One of the main causes of fire is a short circuit. This phrase is constantly heard, but what does it mean?

This is a connection of a ground wire or a neutral wire with a phase wire or two phase wires. It turns out the interaction of two conductors with different potentials. Short contact called because it occurred without an electrical appliance.

When connecting such wires, a small explosion occurs. This is explained by a sharp jump in current strength, reaching an unacceptable value. Such a rapid increase in current strength leads to overheating of the wires and an electric arc between them, the temperature of which reaches 5000 degrees C.

Particularly spectacular is the closure phase wires in a three-phase power supply. If a person closes the phases with a screwdriver, he can be thrown a few meters away, he can get serious injuries, burns. The screwdriver will simply evaporate. IN living conditions there may not be a big explosion, but melting of the wire and insulation is guaranteed, and this is already a direct way to ignite objects that are nearby.

It is important to remember that when a power line (power line) breaks due to a short circuit, a real explosion with electromagnetic shock can occur. Therefore, in no case should you approach the place of a line break.

The reasons for the occurrence of a short circuit are known: old or damaged wiring, installation made with violations (this is typical for amateurs who are poorly versed in electrics), insulation with defects, electrical appliances that do not meet electrical safety conditions (again old or damaged), weakening of the wire connections, random line breaks.

All of the above reasons can be successfully dealt with if you follow some rules:

1. Do not use old wires with inadequate insulation.

2. Be careful when carrying out electrical work. Do not drill, gouge, or cut the walls where the power cable is laid.

3. Remove the insulation during installation very carefully, do not cut the wire with a knife along the cores.

4. Ensure that the network is turned off when working with it. On the shield you need to hang out a sign “work is in progress, do not turn on the electricity” or leave a person on duty.

5. Install protective devices shutdown - automatic switches, devices protective shutdown, difavtomaty.

6. Regularly monitor the condition of electrical points - sockets and switches. If necessary, replace them immediately.

7. Do not operate damaged electrical appliances from which sparks fly, with the exception of some tools, for example, in which there are carbon brushes - they spark a little during operation (this happens in a drill, jigsaw and other tools).

8. When installing the wiring, do not lead the wires in one large bundle, it is better to run them side by side in parallel or use special boxes.

These simple rules significantly reduce the risk of short circuits and fires. And it is important to remember that it is better to entrust work with electricity professional electrician. Then life will be calmer and safer!