How to properly make a hip roof of a house. How to make a hipped roof. DIY video of building a hipped roof

In the wide variety of types of roofs, hipped structures occupy a special place. They stand out from other solutions with a special style, have excellent wind protection and can withstand snow loads well. As a rule, the under-roof space of a hipped roof is habitable, so you need to pay attention to the calculation rafter system, slopes and volumes of living space. It is important to choose the type of roofing and the type of insulating layer, as well as the method of inserting pitched windows. Safe methods Installation of a complex hipped structure will make it possible to create a high-quality and reliable roof that will last for many years.

Types of hipped roofs

Hip roofs include hip, half-hip and hip roof types. They differ from gable ones in the absence of pediments and gables, as well as in the configuration of the slopes.

1. For hipped or pyramidal roofs, the slopes have the shape of isosceles triangles, their vertices converging at one point.
2. Hip roofs have two triangular (hips) and two trapezoidal slopes.
3. Semi-hip structures have cut-off gables due to the presence of a living space under the roof.

Photo gallery: hipped roofs

The four slopes of the hip roof have the shape of isosceles triangles
The hip roof type is characterized by the presence of two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes
The half-hip roof has truncated triangular hips and trapezoidal gables

Hip-slope roofs are highly resistant to multidirectional wind loads and do not accumulate snow. Usually, attic space is made habitable, so windows are hermetically cut into the slopes various designs. Hip and hip roofs have a smaller attic volume than gable sloping roofs, but have a more advantageous appearance. Since the hipped structure is difficult to arrange, it is necessary to make accurate calculations geometric parameters and the amount of building materials needed.

Calculation of a hip roof

Roof calculation is very important process, on which the strength of the future hipped structure depends, savings building material and the ability to organize the largest volume of residential under-roof space. A four-slope roof implies the presence of Mauerlat beams firmly fixed to the walls of the house, horizontal tie rods and a central purlin, on which the load-bearing rafter group rests. The exact dimensions of structural elements will allow you to calculate and include them in the project optimal angle slope of the slopes. This setting depends on the following factors:

• wind and snow load on the plane of the slopes;
• selected roofing covering;
• building size;
• useful volume attic room.

The steepness of the slope is selected depending on the maximum possible volume of the attic space

Based on the listed factors, you need to choose the optimal angle of inclination of the slopes, which middle zone usually ranges from 40 to 60 o. Then you can proceed to the calculation of the main elements necessary for the installation of the rafter system and roofing.

Calculation of ridge height

To calculate the height of the rafter system, the selected slope angle and the width of the building are used. In the case where the height of the ridge is not reflected in the project, this parameter can be calculated experimentally using a measuring cord, a beacon vertical beam and a construction protractor.

Calculation of the height of the ridge at the selected angle of inclination of the slope is carried out using well-known formulas for calculating triangles

The height of the ridge is calculated using the formula H = d ∙ tg α, where H is the height of the ridge, d is half the width of the building, α is the angle of inclination of the slope. The rafter legs rest on the ridge purlin and have a cornice overhang; this must be taken into account to obtain the true height of the ridge in order to avoid errors in calculations.

The length of the slope needs to be known to determine the parameters truss structure and calculating the amount of roofing material and insulation. It is also important when choosing the size and quantity skylights. When the width of the building and the height of the ridge are known, the length of the slope can be calculated using the formula L = √h 2 + d 2, where L is the length of the slope, h is the height of the ridge, d is half the width of the building.

The length of the slopes and hips of a hipped roof may vary and is calculated using simple geometric formulas

In the case when the height of the ridge and the angle of inclination are known, the length of the slope is calculated by the formula L c = H k / sin β, where L c is the length of the slope, H k is the height of the ridge, β is the angle of inclination of the slope, and the length of the hip is by the formula L in = H to / sin α, where L in is the length of the hip, H to is the height of the ridge, α is the angle of inclination of the hip.

The size of the eaves overhang is added to the estimated length of the slope in order to correctly determine the length of the rafter legs and the roof area.

Calculation of roof area

The roof area needs to be known to calculate the amount of roofing material, which is purchased taking into account cutting and overlaps. It is also important when determining the required amount of diffusion membrane, insulation and vapor barrier film. The area of ​​the slopes and hips is calculated using standard formulas for trapezoids and triangles:

• S с = (a + b) ∙ h/2, where S с is the area of ​​the slope, a and b are its base, h is its height;
• S in = a ∙ h/2, where S in is the area of ​​the hip, a is its base, h is its height.

Total area hip roof calculated as the sum of the areas of two trapezoids and two triangles

Summing up all the obtained values, we obtain the roof area. For tent structures, the area of ​​the triangle is calculated and multiplied by four.

Calculation of the volume of under-roof space

Calculation of the total volume of the under-roof space has no practical significance during construction. But it may be required in the future, when calculating heating and ventilation. The living volume of the insulated attic, including the flight of stairs, is calculated. The room under hipped roofs is limited by a ceiling, a roof with pitched windows and vertical posts along the lines of which insulation occurs. After cladding attic floor you can calculate the living volume of the under-roof space, which is conventionally divided into separate parts with a simple cross-section in the form of a rectangle, triangle or trapezoid. Then the area of ​​the calculated part is multiplied by its height according to the formula: V = S ∙ H, where V is the volume of the part of the room, S is its area, H is its height.

To calculate the volume of the attic space, the living space is divided into parts with a horizontal section in the form of simple geometric shapes

Volume rectangular parallelepiped is calculated by the formula V = a ∙ b ∙ c, where V is the volume of the parallelepiped, a, b, c are its sides. For a hipped roof, the formula V = a 2 ∙ h / 3 is used, where V is the volume of the pyramid, a is its side, h is its height. Next, all the obtained values ​​are added up and the total volume of the attic space is obtained.

Lumber calculation

The amount of material for constructing a hipped roof depends on the size of the building, the design of the rafter system and the length of the slopes, so we can only consider the basic principles of calculating lumber. In order to produce the maximum exact calculation, you need to know the design of a hipped roof, as well as the name and purpose of its elements.

To count lumber, you need to know the name and purpose of all structural elements of the roof.

The roof with four slopes consists of the following parts:

1. Mauerlat. It is attached to the walls of the house along the entire perimeter and serves as a support for the rafter group. For it, choose a beam with a cross-section of at least 150X150 mm.
2. Puffs. They are attached to the mauerlat at a right angle and serve as support for the vertical posts of the lower part of the rafters, providing a cornice extension. The puffs are made from boards with a cross-section of 50X250 mm or timber 100X200 mm.
3. Ridge run. He relies on vertical racks(they are made from boards 50X150 mm), made of timber 50X200 mm and serves as an upper support for the rafter legs.
4. Central, intermediate, side rafters and short rafters. They are elements of the rafter group, which provides the desired angle of inclination of the slopes and the strength of the roof. For the rafters, lumber with a cross section of 50X200 mm is used, and their installation pitch is 80–120 cm.
5. Auxiliary struts, vertical posts and trusses. They are made of material with a cross-section of 50X150 mm and serve to additionally strengthen the most loaded structural elements.
6. Lathing. It is made from boards with a cross-section of 25X200 mm, laid in increments of 40 to 60 cm. For soft roofing materials, a continuous lathing made of multi-layer plywood is used.

The calculation of the wood required for construction is individual for each house, so to develop an algorithm for correct calculation we will give only a few recommendations:

Sometimes it becomes necessary to recalculate the linear dimensions of a material into Cubic Meters, so we present a table that will help with this.

Table: amount of lumber of different sections in 1 m3

Standard material has a length of no more than 6 m, and its further lengthening must be done by reliably strengthening the joints with racks and slopes. If you decide to select and calculate lumber yourself, then in all doubtful situations, try to consult with specialists.

The wood must have a moisture content of no more than 22%, otherwise when it dries in the assembled state under load, warping and cracking of the material may occur. Before assembling the roof, it is very important to saturate all wooden parts with an antiseptic and fire-retardant compound and allow them to dry naturally.

Video: hip roof frame

Calculation of roofing materials

To calculate the required amount of roofing material, the value of the area of ​​the slopes is used. Trapezoidal and triangular slopes have different configurations and are calculated depending on the size of the coating sheets. In addition, when calculating the roofing material, it is necessary to take into account the longitudinal and transverse overlap. For example, a standard sheet of metal tiles has a width of 1180 mm, the technological groove, which prevents water from penetrating, provides an overlap of 80 mm, therefore, the useful width of the sheet is 1100 mm. The longitudinal overlap of the sheets is 130 mm, and manufacturers produce products taking this parameter into account. Length and area standard sheets metal tiles are equal to:

• 480 mm and 0.385 m2;
• 1180 mm and 1.155 m2;
• 2230 mm and 2.31 m2;
• 3630 mm and 3.85 m 2.

Based on these values, the consumption of metal tiles is calculated.

The sizes of different roofing materials may differ from each other, in addition, the triangular and trapezoidal shape of the slopes requires optimal cutting, so you can use more exact method counting. It is based on knowledge of the useful dimensions of the covering and on a scaled drawing with the dimensions and configuration of the slopes.

To determine the exact amount of roofing material, you can display the arrangement of sheets on a real-scale roof drawing

The roofing material is calculated by applying conventional covering sheets with the optimal length and usable width to the drawing. The advantages of this method are that you can calculate the number of sheets different lengths on the entire surface of the slope and minimize losses in cutting the material in advance. In this way, you can calculate the amount of roofing for a hipped and half-hip roof.

Calculation of the required amount of slate

The calculation of the number of slate sheets depends on the choice of the type of material, since it can be six-, seven- and eight-wave. To calculate, it is also necessary to know the angle of inclination of the slopes, because the amount of longitudinal and transverse overlap depends on it. It is regulated by the set of rules SP 17.13330.2011 and for slopes with a slope of more than 25 o is equal to 300 mm in the longitudinal direction and one wave in the transverse direction. The dimensions of the eight-wave sheet are 1130x1750 mm with a wave pitch of 150 mm, and effective area is 1.57 m2. Based on these dimensions, you can calculate the number of sheets either by famous square slopes, or according to a drawing made in real scale. To do this, it is necessary to divide the total area of ​​the slopes by the usable area of ​​one sheet. For example, a slope of 36 m2 will require 36 / 1.57 = 22.9 ≈ 23 sheets.

Calculation of slate can be done by drawing a diagram of its location on the roof drawing, taking into account the sequence of laying sheets

The calculation of slate must be linked to the sheet laying scheme because this will reduce the amount of waste, reaching up to 30% and inevitable with the complex shape of the slopes. In the case of using lighter euro slate (ondulin), you need to take into account that its dimensions differ from slate and are equal to 950X2000 mm with a wave pitch of 95 mm and a useful area of ​​1.6 m 2. The longitudinal overlap for ondulin should be equal to 200 mm, and the transverse overlap should be equal to one wave. On small slopes, the difference in the useful areas of slate and ondulin will not be so noticeable; for example, for the slope of 36 m2 considered above, the same 36 / 1.6 = 22.5 ≈ 23 sheets of ondulin will be needed. But for roofs big size calculations will give different values.

Slate is used as roof covering for more than a hundred years and at the same time continues to remain popular, and with the introduction of dyeing technology, this non-flammable and durable material began to sparkle with new colors.

Calculation of eaves overhang and drainage system

When constructing hipped roofs, the drainage system is important. The walls of the house and the foundation blind area are protected by a cornice, the calculation of which is based on the intensity of precipitation and the width of the blind area. According to the recommendations of SP 17.13330.2011, if a cornice is not equipped with a drainage system, its offset should be at least 600 mm. According to SNiP 2.02.01 83, the width of the blind area should be in the range from 0.7 to 1.2 m for different soils, therefore the cornice overhang should be at least 700 mm. The cornice provides not only protection for the walls, but also ventilation of the under-roof space, drainage of condensate and a base for attaching the drainage system. You can calculate the cornice and materials for its filing based on its design.

The size of the cornice depends on the intensity of precipitation in the construction region, the width of the foundation blind area and the design of the overhang

The eaves overhang is installed along the entire perimeter of the building, so the calculation of materials is made based on the total length of the overhangs of all roof slopes. The design of the cornice includes the following elements:

• front board 30X250 mm, which is attached to vertically cut rafters;
• bars for the first sheathing with a section of 40X100 mm and bars for sheathing with a size of 40X50 mm;
• metal drips for condensate drainage and cornice strips;
• perforated soffits 650 mm wide, J-profiles and F-chamfers;
• drainage system brackets.

The calculation of the drainage system of a hipped roof is made along the length of the front board on the eaves of each slope. At the corners of the building, the drainage can be combined, but the diameter of the funnel and vertical pipe must be increased.

The drainage system of a building consists of gutters, drainage funnels and pipes, as well as transition and fastening elements

The number of elements of the drainage system should be calculated according to the following principle:

• brackets for fastening gutters must be mounted with a slope of 2 to 5 o and at least every 60 cm. To determine their number, the length of the front board must be divided by the selected step and the result rounded up. So, with a slope (and front board) length of 8 m and a pitch of 0.6 m, 8 / 0.6 = 13.3 ≈ 14 pcs. will be required;
• the length of the gutters must be calculated around the perimeter, taking into account couplings, stubs and corner elements. Since the standard length of gutters is usually 2 m, their number is determined by the formula N = P / 2, where N is the number of gutters, P is the perimeter of the building;
• funnels must be installed every 10 m;
• length drainpipes should be calculated according to the height of the building and taking into account the rotating elements so that the lower edge extends beyond the boundaries of the blind area. The number of drainpipes is calculated as the quotient of the height of the building divided by the length of the standard pipe section, which for most manufacturers is 1 or 1.5 m.

The sizes of gutters and pipes depend on the catchment area they serve:

• with an area of ​​70 to 120 m2, gutters with a width of 125 mm and pipes with a diameter of 90 mm are required;
• for roof sections with an area of ​​120–160 m2, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm and gutters of 150 mm are needed;
• for large catchment areas, pipes with a diameter of 125 mm and gutters with a size of 200 mm are installed.

The dimensions of the components may vary depending on the material (metal or plastic), so the parameters should be checked with the supplier before purchasing.

Video: hip roof calculator

Materials used in the construction of a hipped roof

For hipped roofs, basically the same materials are used as for conventional gable or broken structures. But in some cases, the design features of the hip elements impose certain restrictions on the use of a particular coating.

Roofing pie for a hipped roof

Each layer of the roofing pie performs a strictly defined function and ensures the safety of the rafter group. Roofing material protects the roof from atmospheric influences and is mounted on the sheathing, but on metal roofing condensation forms. To remove it it is used diffusion membrane or waterproofing film. The ventilation gap between the roofing material and the film is created by a counter-lattice.

Each element of the roofing pie performs strictly defined functions to protect the house from moisture and temperature changes

A layer of insulation is laid between the rafter beams, providing comfortable temperature in a residential area. To prevent the insulation from getting wet and caking, it is isolated from the lower rooms vapor barrier film. It protects the rafters and heat insulation from moisture particles in the air. Then the internal sheathing is mounted on the rafters, and the finishing material attic room.

Video: attic insulation, roofing pie

Roofing options for a hipped roof

The choice of roofing option for a pitched roof depends on the owner’s preferences, but not all materials are suitable for roofs with a large slope. The fact is that rolled materials under influence sun rays become plastic, and this leads to a violation of the integrity of the roofing. Hip roofs are for the most part to steeply sloped structures, so you can use on them those materials that the manufacturer recommends for installation when the slope is more than 30 degrees.

For hipped roofs, you can choose only those roofing materials that are recommended for use with a slope of 30 degrees or more

These include any types of tiles, metal sheet coverings, slate and ondulin. The high strength and durability of these materials allows them to withstand temperature changes, heavy snow and wind loads without critical deformations.

Additional elements for a hipped roof

Roofing elements that allow covering the joints and junctions of roofing materials, as well as those intended for roof maintenance, are called extensions. For different types roofing, there is a certain set of additional elements, although there are also universal parts, which include aprons for inserting aerators, stairs and ladders, as well as kits for installing pitched windows.

At the final stage of roof installation, additional elements are used to protect joints, ends and junctions

The main additional elements must be classified according to their location on the roof, therefore they are distinguished:

1. Ridge extensions at the junction of slopes and the junction of the slope and hip, which include ridge strips various configurations and plugs.
2. End additional assemblies, consisting of wind and cornice strips, as well as drip edges.
3. Junction nodes, among which the internal and external corner strips are most often used.
4. Chimneys used to protect stove and ventilation pipes.

Sometimes for complex cases A painted flat sheet is used as add-ons. The side dimensions of the slats may vary for different types of coating, but their standard length is 2 m.

Rafter system, device and step-by-step installation of a hip roof

The hip roof consists of four slopes, the basis of which is the rafter system. The rafters in the upper part rest on the purlin and form a ridge in pairs. In the lower part, the rafter legs rest on the tie and form a cornice overhang. Diagonal rafters rest on the ridge girder, connecting the corner of the building with the ridge and forming the plane of the hip slope. Diagonal rafters, reinforced with trusses and struts, serve as support for shortened rafters or trusses. The roof rests on a mauerlat, fixed to the walls along the perimeter of the building. The design of the rafter system ensures the strength of the entire structure due to rigid triangular connections between the component elements.

The rafter system of the hip roof provides the necessary strength of the entire structure and uniform distribution of the load on the walls of the building

Safety precautions when installing a hip roof

Construction work on the installation of the rafter system and roofing takes place on high altitude, therefore, the site must be equipped with reliable scaffolding and safety ropes with a diameter of at least 16 mm, and workers must be provided with safety belts. On the ground, the work area should be fenced off to prevent heavy objects from falling on people, and on slopes - place portable fencing height of at least one meter. Work should be stopped in case of rain, snow, fog or when the roof is icing. In the dark, it is necessary to organize lighting. Safety requirements are set out in standard labor protection instructions for roofing works ah, and are also regulated by SNiP 12–03 2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements."

When carrying out work at height, it is necessary to use helmets, safety belts, non-slip shoes and ladders

For roofing work, the following rules must be followed:

• Builders who have passed a medical examination and instruction are allowed to work, aged from 18 to 60 years;
• workers must be provided with protective clothing, helmets, mittens and safety belts;
• Installation of structural parts is possible only with serviceable power tools and extension cords;
• when the slope is steeper than 25°, the use of ladders and ladders is mandatory;
• cutting of materials should be carried out on the ground in an equipped place;
• lifting heavy parts must be done using a winch;
• metal roofing materials must be installed using gloves;
• roofing sheets with a large windage must be lifted and installed in calm weather;
• equipment and elements of the truss structure must be fixed if there is a possibility of them falling.

Compliance with safety regulations will help avoid injuries and deaths of construction workers and people in the immediate vicinity of the site.

Stage-by-stage construction of a hipped roof

The Mauerlat is laid on the upper ends of the walls and attached to them with threaded rods, anchors or brackets

To erect such a complex structure, a project is required, as well as a team of at least three people with sufficiently high qualifications.

Video: hip roof rafter system

Step-by-step installation of a hipped roof of a gazebo

Installation of a hip roof for a gazebo is carried out according to a simplified scheme using four side rafters and consists of the following steps:

If necessary, you can sheathe the roof from the inside to give it a finished look.

Video: roof on the gazebo

We talked about the construction of a hipped roof and the construction of a rafter system using the example of a hip structure. We looked at methods for calculating the parameters of a pitched roof, materials and additional elements. Safe installation of a hip roof is impossible without following safety regulations. By following the tips above, you will be able to build this complex yet beautiful roof.

When building your own home, a lot of responsibility falls on your shoulders. You have to deal with a lot of issues and participate in the construction process. After all reliable roof overhead will ensure a comfortable life.

Difficulties always attract people. It’s not for nothing that they say: “We are not looking for easy ways.” This happens in construction too. The hipped roof has a complex shape, giving the building a special look. This architecture attracts many. This type is especially popular when building country houses. On cottage a good option would be to build a hipped roof.

In this article

View

The location of 4 slopes on different sides gives your home a solid look. Often the slopes have different shapes: a couple of them are in the shape of a triangle and play the role of a pediment, and some are given the shape of a trapezoid.

Difficulties with a hipped roof during calculations and installation scare off many people who want it, but if you do not doubt your abilities, then you can safely carry out the construction.

Design advantages

Hip roof DIY has the following advantages:

• the absence of gables makes the roof more durable and resistant to gusts of wind. This type of roofing is suitable for areas with windy weather conditions;
• the presence of 4 slopes copes more effectively with the drainage of melt and rain water, as well as snow;
• the attic space becomes more spacious, which is ideal for the location of the attic;
• The construction of a 4-pitched roof will cost no more than other types.

Types

When making a hipped roof with your own hands, you can distinguish several of its subtypes:

• hip - is a classic option. It has 2 triangular hips and 2 trapezoid-shaped slopes;
• half-hip - has slightly shortened slopes. Excellent for use in the attic;
• tent - made in the form of a pyramid. Ideal for a square building.

Project

Before proceeding directly to construction, it is necessary to create a roofing project in order to avoid making mistakes in the future. How to build a roof? It will help in this matter step by step instructions. Having familiarized ourselves with the design of the house, we proceed to the following:

• We calculate the slope angle of the slopes based on indicators such as wind load, precipitation in your area, and type of roofing material. In areas with strong gusts of wind, it is advisable to make the angle of inclination less than 30 degrees, thus reducing windage. In areas that are constantly covered by precipitation, the desired roof angle is not lower than 65 degrees to prevent the accumulation of snow and water. Excellent in areas with a more or less stable climate a roof will do from 40 to 50 degrees. For each type of material, the manufacturer indicates the lowest operating angle;
• We calculate the height of the ridge using a number of simple geometry formulas.

Rafter system design

The rafter system of the hipped roof forms the roof frame. It consists of the following elements:

• Mauerlat - a beam located along the perimeter of the walls and distributing the load on them. The hip roof has 4 beams. If the house is wooden, then the mauerlat will be the blocks of the upper crowns. In a brick house, a concrete belt is created over the walls, into which special studs are embedded. The Mauerlat is then attached to them;
• the ridge beam, or purlin, is located above all the elements. The upper part of the rafters is attached to it. On a 4-slope roof less length Houses;
• rafter legs - boards that create the geometry of the slopes. Their cross section is 50 x 150 mm. For a hipped roof, 3 types of rafters are used: slanted, ordinary, and external. Installation of ordinary rafter legs is carried out on slopes in the form of a trapezoid. Sloping rafters are made from more durable material, since the load on them is greater. The upper part of the mowers rests on the ridge run, and the lower part on the corner of the mauerlat. The hip is formed by external rafters. They focus on the rafter legs diagonally and the support beam;

• lying - timber that lays a supporting wall located inside the building. Functionally, the bench transfers weight and distributes it to the foundation;
• vertical supports- racks, mounting occurs flat. They serve as a support for the middle of the rafters and purlins;
• rafter leg, or strut. Its installation angle is 45 degrees to the rafters. The emphasis is placed on the rack. It is used to ensure that the rafters do not bend, to transfer part of the weight to the load-bearing wall;
• the sprengel is used to support sloping rafters. This is a vertical support, similar to a rack. Truss trusses are used most often;
• tie, or crossbar, are horizontal bars that grip rafter pairs in the upper and lower parts;
• fillies - boards that extend the rafters and protect the walls from dampness, forming a roof overhang.

Installation procedure

A hipped roof begins with the installation of a mauerlat, which we lay around the perimeter of the walls. Its cross-section is 150 x 150 mm. When placing it, it is necessary to control its level. The beam should be located 5–7 cm from the edge of the wall. We fasten using pre-walled studs. The nuts are screwed on top. Such a beam will connect the structure of the rafters and the walls of the house into a single whole.

To install the racks, you need floor beams and beams. The size of the timber of such elements is 100 x 200 mm. Installation of supports is carried out vertically with fastening with plates or angles. When using a hip roof, the racks are placed in 1 row, and a purlin is attached on top. A hip roof involves placing supports diagonally. Equal distances are laid off from the corner. Thus, we get a rectangle on which we lay the purlins. We fasten everything using a corner.

Installation of roof truss system

The next step is to make rafter templates. We install side rafters along them. A thin board is suitable for the workpiece. We apply it to the run and mark the cut. With the second end, which is located at the Mauerlat, we also mark the gash. We manufacture required quantity rafters using a template. After selecting the fastening step, we perform installation. The step can be from 60 cm to 1 m. We make the connection with self-tapping screws.

The angle of inclination of the slope is determined by the slanted rafters. Place them diagonally for additional load. Often double boards are used for them. We also make cuts according to a template. The upper part of the slanted rafters is connected with a crossbar to give strength.

A hip roof connects the slanted rafters near the ridge using tie-rods. Installation occurs at an angle of 90 degrees. We connect it to the walls with wire clamps.

We attach the frames to the diagonal rafters. Their length can be varied, but they must be parallel to each other. Ordinary and external rafters together form side slopes.

The DIY hipped roof has come to completion. The last stage is its insulation using basalt wool or foam polystyrene. We lay the material between the rafters. A layer of waterproofing will protect from moisture. The sheathing directly depends on the type of roof material.

In this video you can learn more about the construction and design of a hip roof:

Roofs with complex shapes attract Special attention to the architecture of the building. Hip roofs are popular in the construction of country houses. Four slopes located in different planes give the home a respectable appearance. Most often, slopes are performed different shapes: two of them are triangular and act as pediments, two have a trapezoid shape.

Design advantages

Installing a hip or hip roof, in addition to its aesthetic appearance, also has practical advantages:

• in the attic, surrounded by a roof on all sides, a comfortable temperature is maintained;
• the rafter structure is strong and durable;
• high resistance to winds and precipitation;
• the space under the roof can be used for an attic.

Types of hipped roofs

Having a common base, the subtypes of such coatings differ slightly in design:

• - classic version with two triangular hips and two trapezoid-shaped slopes.
• Semi-hip - triangular slopes have a shortened shape, this design is made for attic equipment.
• Tent - has the shape of a pyramid with triangular slopes. Suitable for square building.

Design

The angle of inclination for the slopes is selected based on the recommendations of the roofing material manufacturers and natural features. For soft roll roofing An angle of up to 18 degrees is sufficient, for slate an angle of 15-60 degrees is suitable, and underneath it is worth laying a slope of 30 to 60 degrees.

The amount of precipitation in winter is of great importance; if a significant amount of snow falls, it is better to choose steep slopes on which precipitation is less retained.

When designing a rafter system, it is necessary to take into account a lot: the cross-section of the beam, the length of the rafters, the size of the run, the pitch of installing elements. All possible roof loads are clarified at the design stage, these include:

• weight of the selected roofing covering;
• annual precipitation;
• weight of insulation and waterproofing;
• installation of various equipment on the roof (antennas, lights, windows, etc.);

In addition to the inherent loads, the roof of the house must have a safety margin that guarantees the stability of the structure in an unforeseen situation. Timber and boards are used to construct the rafter system. If there is a need to strengthen the elements, the boards are doubled.

Before starting work, all lumber is treated with an antiseptic.

Sequence of work

Installation of the roof begins with securing the load-bearing base - the Mauerlat. This is a beam with a cross section of 150x150 mm, which is laid along the perimeter of the walls. Its horizontal placement is controlled by a level. The beam should not be on the edge of the wall, you need to leave a distance of 5-7 cm. The Mauerlat is fastened to studs embedded in the masonry, which are tightened with nuts. This beam allows you to connect the rafter system and the walls of the house into a common structure.

To install the racks, floor beams or beams are required. These elements are made from beams measuring 100×200 mm or double boards. All supports are installed strictly vertically and attached to the bed metal corner or plate. For a hip roof, the racks are installed in one line, and a ridge purlin is attached to them. When erecting a hip-type roof, the supports are placed diagonally, equal distances are set aside from the corner. As a result, they form a rectangle on which the purlins are laid. Fastening is done with corners.

The side rafters are installed after processing according to the template. A thin board is taken as a blank, applied to the purlin and the cut is marked. The second end rests against the Mauerlat and the lower cut is outlined. Required amount the rafters are prepared according to a template and installed with the selected fastening pitch; it can range from 60 cm to 1 meter. The connection to the purlin and base occurs with staples or self-tapping screws.

Sloping rafters with a ridge purlin form the angle of inclination of the slopes. These rafters are located diagonally and carry additional load, so double boards are used for them. The cutting of the slanted rafters is carried out according to a template, their length takes into account the overhang of 50 cm. In the upper part, the slanted rafters are connected by a crossbar to give strength. When installing a hip roof, the slanted rafters are connected at the ridge unit using tie-rods. The rafters are installed at an angle of 90 degrees and are certainly connected to the walls using wire clamps.

Short rafters or rafters are attached to the diagonal rafters. They are made of different lengths, but must be parallel to each other. The rafts, together with the ordinary rafters, form the side slopes. For the tent model, installing the extensions and fastening the racks, struts and trusses is also the final stage of construction.

To relieve the load from the diagonal rafters, trusses are installed under them. These are vertical supports that rest on the beds. The side rafters are secured with struts. One of the horses of the board rests on the leg, and the second is cut at 45 degrees and attached to the rafter leg.

Lathing and insulation

Completing the construction of the roof will allow it to be insulated basalt wool or foamed polystyrene. The material is laid between the rafters. The roof will be protected from moisture by a layer of waterproofing. The dimensions of the sheathing depend on the type of roofing; on the hip type, soft tiles look attractive; they require a continuous sheathing.

Watching a video explaining the nuances of installing rafters will help you conduct construction correctly.

Video

See how the rafter system is installed:

The labor intensity of the work when building a hipped roof is not much higher than a regular gable roof, but this does not mean that a hipped roof can be built with your own hands as simply as a regular one, with two symmetrical slopes. The main difficulty is that a hip roof requires very precise engineering calculations and knowledge of technology, especially if you do not have good practice in building this kind of roof.

Why is a house with a hipped roof better than a gable roof?

Why regular gable roof are satisfied mainly with simple outbuildings, and for residential premises they choose a hipped roof:

• The appearance of the hipped roof option looks much nicer and more elegant than the double structure;
• Even a simple hipped roof can withstand the elements much better due to smoother contours and aerodynamics. Even in the strongest winds, the rafters of the frame remain almost equally loaded, due to the correct balancing of the diagonal rafters;
• Two additional slopes shed water better, dry under the influence of the wind and thereby protect the roof of the house from flowing, as happens with straight gables. Thus, significantly higher thermal insulation and frost resistance are achieved for a hipped roof.

Important! The four-slope roof design, unlike the “kopeck piece”, has a high degree of adaptation.

For climates with big amount precipitation, the Danish version with steep main slopes and two hips is perfect; for the steppe zone with strong winds, a low tent frame with large overhangs and an average angle of inclination.

It will be most convenient to use a hipped roof in houses where the attic space is not allocated as a residential area, but is used for economic purposes. Due to the appearance of two additional slopes, the space and usable area of ​​the attic is reduced by approximately 25%. But if desired and the size of the attic space is sufficient, you can equip it with small room, even with windows and a balcony, as in the photo.

But in this case, instead of a simple system of vertical posts on which the ridge girder rests, additional horizontal beams - crossbars - will need to be installed in the structure of the hipped roof, which will play the role of a ceiling for the attic space.

How to make a hip roof

First of all, it’s worth understanding how a 4-slope roof differs in detail from the double-slope version.

The main difference between a 4-slope rafter system and a double symmetrical roof

The differences in design will be most obvious in the diagram with a simple rectangular version of the hipped roof shown in the photo:

Important! Most of the elements of additional slopes require very careful adjustment, so diagonal rafters and frames are often assembled with a preliminary “grab” on screws, and only after final adjustment are they replaced bolted connection or knocked down with nails.

Do-it-yourself hipped roof, sequence of work

The most difficult part in building a rafter system for a hipped roof is the stage of hanging the diagonal rafters. Firstly, the angle of inclination of the diagonal rafters and the pressure with which they rest on the ridge girder must be equal to the parameters of the pair of rafters on the other side. The areas of the slopes and the angles of inclination in a hipped roof must be absolutely equal.

Secondly, an imaginary line drawn between the joining points or vertices of the triangles formed by the diagonal rafters on both sides must run exactly along the axis of the ridge beam, both horizontally and vertically. The main difficulty in assembling a hipped roof is to correctly align and adjust the position of the diagonal rafters.

At the preparation stage for assembling a hipped roof, a board or mauerlat beam is laid, and it is important to carefully level the plane of the board horizontally. Preliminary markings of places for installation of side rafters, truss supports and tightening are applied to the Mauerlat. Installation of a hipped roof is greatly simplified if a reinforced concrete slab is used as the ceiling.

After laying out and fastening the tightening, the ridge frame or “bench” is assembled. Essentially, this is a ridge beam installed on vertical posts. Longitudinal and transverse struts are sewn to the posts, ensuring the stability of the frame until the hip rafters are assembled.

Before laying out the diagonal rafters, the ridge frame must be supported with a pair of temporary beams, which are attached to the mauerlat and to the outer post of the “bench”. This will prevent the ridge frame from tipping over under the pressure of the diagonal rafters on the other side.

Next comes the most difficult part. First, the actual length of each of the sloped beams is determined; for this, a nail is hammered into the fulcrum at the end of the ridge beam and the length from the nail to the fulcrum on the mauerlat is measured with a cord. Before installing the diagonals, each of the slanted rafters is measured and cut according to its cord length.

Having installed the bevel elements on the Mauerlat, determine the line of contact and the cut of the contact surface. Having trimmed the support plane of the slope beams, they are laid on the end of the ridge girder.

The lower ends of the diagonal beams are installed in the corner joint of the mauerlat beam with an undercut of the supporting surface of the beam according to the diagram shown. Sometimes the shape of the cut is made according to a template, but it is safer to mark the cut line manually.

Ideally, an imaginary vertical plane drawn through any sloping rafter should be parallel to the plane of the sloping beam located on the opposite side of the hipped roof.

If everything is done correctly, the two diagonal rafters of the hipped roof will be exactly along the axis of the ridge beam. To avoid deflection, long enough braces need to be installed with struts and truss supports with the installation of temporary fasteners made of self-tapping screws. Similarly, install the rafters from the opposite slope and align the elements with maximum accuracy. To increase the rigidity of the hip slopes, several flanges are cut out and installed at the edges of the diagonal beams.

Then they move on to laying ordinary rafter beams. Fastening to the Mauerlat is carried out using a standard bolt-nut connection or using steel angles. In the upper part, the rafter board is usually sawed down according to a template and laid on the ridge beam.

Usually, after hanging the rows on the ridge girder and the mauerlat, additional crossbars are installed in the upper part, which reduce the bursting effect of the frame of the hipped roof. After installing all the rafter beams and aligning the main strength elements of the hipped frame, they proceed to the permanent fastening of all rafters on the mauerlat and ridge girder.

At the next stage, struts are installed and fastened under ordinary rafters, and “driving” is performed. triangular slopes external beams. Each of the splices is cut to its own length according to the diagram below and installed in a checkerboard pattern, this allows you to avoid weakening of the beam due to the coincidence of the cuts on opposite sides.

All elements are secured with nails, self-tapping screws and bolted connections with overhead steel plates and angles.

Final operations

After assembling the main frame of the hipped roof, fillets are stuffed onto the ends of the rafters - short boards that form a row of roof overhangs along the wall. The cut line is measured along the ends of the fillies, trimmed so that the ends are in the same plane, and the cornice board is sewn on. Bottom part the fillies are padded with clapboard or regular boards.

After treating the wood of the beams with an antiseptic composition, they proceed to stuffing the sheathing boards. The thickness of the boards, the amount of material and the nailing points are chosen based on what kind of roofing they plan to lay on a given hipped roof.

Conclusion

The hipped roof is deservedly considered one of the most convenient and practical designs roofs. If you are planning to build a hipped version with your own hands, in addition to correctly calculating the structure, you will need experience in leveling and adjusting the position of each of the beams. Therefore, it would be right to get the necessary experience and skill in working with hipped roofs from more experienced craftsmen.

Many are attracted by the spectacular and non-standard appearance of a hipped roof. Therefore, the question of how to properly build a hipped roof is constantly in the focus of attention of those who are undertaking the construction of a roof or its repair. But we must admit that to build such a roof you will have to put in a little effort.

Everything in construction starts with planning necessary actions, therefore, they first put their outlines on how to make a hipped roof on paper.

Hip roof project: calculation of all parameters

Before creating a project for such a roof, you will need to determine its shape, take measurements and calculate all the necessary parameters. They begin construction directly, already having in hand a drawing of the structure of the future roof, on which all the required information will be noted in detail - the angle of inclination of the hipped roof, design, length, pitch, order of assembly of the rafters, location and number of additional supporting parts, and more.

The key to success in building a hipped roof is an accurate and detailed plan, so this stage can most likely be considered one of the most important.

Calculation of a hipped roof can be done using special programs posted on the Internet. But if you have not yet forgotten the basics of school geometry, you can do it differently - draw on paper a prototype of your future roof and, using the simplest geometric shape carry out calculations of rafters, timber, amount of covering material and much more.

We start with the angle of inclination of the hipped roof

The theoretical one is first determined by the angle of inclination of the hipped roof, taking into account the climate characteristics of the given zone, especially since the height of the hipped roof also depends on its value. According to the rules, for areas with heavy precipitation, the slope is increased (the consumption of all materials will increase accordingly).

Having determined the slope, the next step is to mathematically derive the height of the ridge by multiplying half the width of the span of the building by a relative value (I take its value from special tables according to the angle of inclination). For example, for a 30° slope the relative value is 0.59, at 25° it is 0.47.

The rafters of a hipped roof are a system consisting of roof trusses two types: typical trusses with slopes connected at the ridge, and side triangular rafters resting on the ridge with their upper point. Thus, at the end points of the ridge, three rafters are joined: one central and two from the main slopes.

It is quite simple to calculate the central location of the ridge of a hipped roof in the center: measure the length of the ridge, the length of the walls parallel to which it will be located, and calculate their difference. Dividing the difference in half, the resulting result is plotted from the edges of the parallel walls.

It is important that a right angle is ensured between the ridge and the slats of the slopes, which automatically ensures the correct installation of the corner ridges.

location of the ridge in the center

Calculating these parameters of a hip roof can be made easier if you first mark the joints of the walls and rafters. The attachment points for the side rafter triangles can be determined by dividing the length of the transverse wall in half.

Installation of a hipped roof: accuracy and strength

Installation of the roof begins with the installation of rafter legs and trusses, according to preliminary calculations and marks. Trusses are assembled according to a template. Various additional elements help to achieve the rigidity of each of them, as well as the entire structure in general: headstocks, struts, crossbars, trusses with a stand, racks.

How to make a hip roof won't be too difficult if you follow finished project and follow the correct order of work performed.

Work begins with laying a paving or log mauerlat structure (in the case of wood rafters) - a more common option in private construction. If metal rafters are intended to be used, the Mauerlat is made of profile material made of metal. The Mauerlat is securely attached to the walls using appropriate anchors.

It is important that high-quality waterproofing is provided between the base and the wall.

If necessary, it is also installed cross beam, which will become a support for the racks and, accordingly, the ridge girder attached to them. When installing the ridge, it is necessary to strictly maintain its “horizon” and height, therefore, when installing it, it is necessary to use a plumb line and a batten. The ridge posts are secured with jibs.

By installing diagonal rafters, the planes of the slopes of the future roof are formed. The main requirement in this case is the exact same length of the rafters and the perfectly flat plane of each resulting slope. At the same time, the size of the overhang is also determined. His average value- about half a meter.

In open areas where strong gusty side winds are possible, it is advisable to increase the size of the overhang (up to 1 m).

Insertion of elements in complex nodes requires special attention. Let's say that three elements are connected to the end of the ridge at once: diagonal rafters (2 pcs.), central rafters (2 pcs.) and a central (ordinary) hip rafter (1 pc.). To perform this unit, a special undercut (double bevel) is made on the ridge beam.

At a further stage, corner rafters (springs) are installed strictly parallel to the ordinary rafters. In this case, the edges of the neighboring, main and hip, slopes must be connected to the sloped rafters in different places. For the joints of “diagonals” with splices, a regular notch or support beam is used, which is sewn to the diagonal rafter on both sides.

The installation of a hipped roof also includes the installation of sheathing for the roof covering. Whether it will be solid or sparse from boards, bars or poles depends on the chosen roofing material.