How to properly install sewer pipes in an apartment. Do-it-yourself sewer repair and installation: work technology. Checking for leaks in the sewer system

To install a sewer system in an apartment, it is important to choose the right pipes and prepare the pipeline for assembly. Strict adherence to installation rules will help to avoid mistakes and reduce the risk of problems during sewer operation.

To equip indoor drainage systems, pipes made of cast iron or polymers are used: polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride.

Cast iron products are strong, durable (service life is up to 100 years), resistant to temperature changes, chemical and mechanical influences and absorb sound well, but they are expensive, and without special tools and installation skills it is difficult to install a cast iron pipeline with your own hands; here you cannot do without the help of specialists .

A self-contained drainage system is often installed from polymer pipes: polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride. Pipes made of polymers are easy to install and are much cheaper than cast iron, but have two significant shortcomings: lack of sound absorption and shorter service life - up to 50 years.

Each type of plastic has its own characteristics and operating temperature:

Note! For internal sewerage use plastic pipes gray, orange ones are for outdoor drainage systems.

An important factor in choosing pipes is throughput. This parameter depends on the diameter of the pipe and functional purpose pipeline section.

Installation of sewerage in an apartment

It is necessary to install a sewer system in an apartment as soon as possible, because the sewerage network is apartment building general, and installation work cause inconvenience to neighbors. Therefore, you need to plan the procedure in advance, decide on a set of building materials, carry out necessary preparation workspace.

Process Features

The installation of a sewer system in an apartment has nuances depending on whether the old pipeline is being replaced or it is being installed from scratch.

Replacing sewer pipes in an apartment with your own hands is a completely doable process if a person has read the instructions and recommendations of professionals this issue, and also prepared a set of required materials and tools.

1 Preparatory stage of modernization of the sewer network

Any sewer system begins to fail over time. Every day it passes through hundreds of liters of hot and cold water, greasy remnants of our meals while washing dishes, drainage from the toilet. It is clear that no system can withstand such an intense load over a long period of operation, no matter what ultra-modern pipes it is installed from.

At first, problems that arise are solved with small local repairs. But there comes a moment when a person realizes that they are not able to fully restore the functionality of the network, and then he has only one option left - replacing the sewer pipes in the apartment.

Performing this operation on your own cannot be called an easy process, but if you wish, you can do it yourself.

To dismantle old and install new sewer pipes, you need to stock up on the following tools and devices:

grinder or hacksaw;
screwdrivers, chisel, hammer;
impact drill or hammer drill;
gun (installation) for sealant;
adjustable wrench.

The first stage of modernization sewer system is to draw up a diagram of all the water intake points available in your apartment, and then select the material of the pipes from which it is planned to install a new communication. The diagram is drawn up quite simply - it marks the outlets to which the pipes are connected (dishwasher, washing unit, sinks in the kitchen and bathroom, toilet, and so on).

It allows you to visually assess the amount of work, clearly determine the length and quantity tubular products required for replacement old system, type and number connecting elements. For a toilet, it is recommended to buy a diameter of at least 100 mm; the cross-section of pipes for other devices can be taken more modest - up to 50 mm. You also need to take into account that:

the pipe for draining water from the washing installation (usually with a diameter of 20 to 25 mm) should be installed approximately 50 cm above the floor level;
rubber transition cuffs for toilets must be purchased with dimensions of 110/126 mm, for other devices - 40/50 mm;
The process of installing communications will go faster and will be easier if you use silicone-based sealant.

2 Replacing the sewer pipe in the toilet - dismantling the old structure

This activity is carried out in stages in the following sequence:

the water supply to the apartment is turned off;
hose that supplies water to the toilet (to its cistern) disconnect using an adjustable wrench;
the toilet is unscrewed from the floor (it is bolted to it) and dismantled;
All things are removed from the bathroom (bathroom) so that they do not interfere with the planned work;
the old sewer system is being dismantled, while the old cast iron sewer pipes it is allowed to simply break using an ordinary hammer (everyone knows that cast iron is a brittle material, so you should not have any difficulties with this stage of the operation);
parts of the pipeline that are adjacent to the riser are removed.

It is extremely necessary to dismantle the system elements connected to the tee (it is placed directly on the riser). This can be done as follows: use a grinder to cut off a part of the pipe at a distance of ten or more centimeters from the socket, and swing the piece that remains in it and pull it out. As a rule, the procedure is easy - part of the pipe falls out quickly enough.

But there are also situations when the piece remaining in the socket becomes firmly stuck. Then you will have to suffer seriously. First, you need to make 2-3 round cuts along the pipe with a grinder saw. The distance between the cuts should be approximately 2 centimeters. After this, insert a chisel into the cuts and carefully tap it with a hammer. This is done so that part of the structure stuck in the riser bursts. Now it will be easy to pull it out.

The final stage dismantling works is the processing of the tee socket - its thorough cleaning from rust, dried lubricant residues, and so on. If you do not perform such a simple operation, installation new network will be complicated. In addition, experts advise closing the flooring and the walls of the sanitary unit are covered with film and tape - believe me, there will be a lot of dirt.

3 Replacement of sewer pipes in an apartment - installation of a new system

On this moment Instead of old ones they are most often installed plastic products. They can be installed immediately after the rubber cuff (new, of course) is fixed with a reliable sealant in the socket of the tee. First of all, the toilet is installed - this is perhaps the most crucial moment of the entire process of modernizing the sewer network, to which the toilet is connected via a 100–110 mm plastic pipe.

Then its transition is made (it should be as smooth as possible) to pipes of more modest diameter (50, 32 mm). It is not recommended to immediately use an adapter for such a large diameter. It would be more reasonable to make a small bridge (10–15 cm) with a cross-section of 100 mm, and only after that use an adapter for a 50 mm diameter. In this case, a five-degree slope towards the drain should be maintained, and each joint should be fixed as firmly as possible.

If there technical feasibility, do not use adapters with a large 90-degree angle. All pros, without exception, advise using two angles of 45 degrees each. Another nuance is that modern PVC pipes are equipped with fairly reliable and high-quality gaskets. They, in principle, guarantee a high degree of tightness of the pipeline. But, despite this, it is better to play it safe and coat all joints with silicone sealing compound.

The costs for it will be insignificant, and it will provide you with complete peace of mind - when you first check the system, you will not notice water at any of its junctions. As you can see, it is possible to modernize the sewerage system yourself. We have described the installation process in detail open system. If you don't want all the new pipes to be visible, you can hide them using one of two methods.

The first involves the construction of a decorative plasterboard box in the bathroom and bathtub, which is used to cover the pipes, and then cover it with tiles or paint it to match the color of the walls. The second option is to drill holes in the walls of the required depth to accommodate sewerage elements. Finally, we would like to add that upgrading the sewer network with your own hands will be successful only if you do everything conscientiously, without deviating one iota from the recommendations set out in the article.

Dismantling the old sewer system in an apartment is in many ways a more responsible procedure than in a private house. After all, in case of mistakes, not only your home, but also your neighbors’ apartments may suffer. For this reason, many owners hire a professional team to work with sewerage, whose services are not the cheapest. But if you want to save money and are the happy owner skillful hands, you can replace your apartment sewer system yourself.

The first thing you should do on the way to a new indoor sewage system is to draw a future network. It is important to do this even if you plan to replace pipes and some plumbing equipment, and not redo the sewer system by changing the positions sanitary appliances and the location of the pipes.

It is not necessary to draw up a drawing, as is done in design organizations, but the diagram should be as detailed as possible.

The plan should show:

lengths of all pipes to scale;
be sure to indicate the diameters of the pipelines, their number, as well as the number and locations of all connecting elements and water seals;
draw diagrammatically sanitary equipment and its location;
riser location;
the number of pipes and the distance from them to the walls;
location of inspection hatches;
pipeline slope.

In order to correctly draw up a plan for arranging a drainage system, as well as implement it, it is necessary to take into account the nuances of installing an internal sewer network.

Rules for arranging sewerage in an apartment

Since the sewerage replacement will take place in an apartment building in which apartments located above each other have a common riser, do not forget to notify your neighbors about the upcoming work. After all, you will cause them a number of inconveniences, which is better to warn them about.

In addition, you will have to agree with the organization that maintains the house to turn off the water supply. So, you will at least protect yourself from the activities of forgetful neighbors related to the bathroom.

From a purely technical point of view, it is necessary to take into account the following nuances.

Many experts do not recommend replacing a cast iron riser unless absolutely necessary, since this material is really durable, and dismantling a cast iron pipe is difficult. difficult process, which, if necessary, is best left to professionals.
Modern material, most suitable for installation on our own, are pipes and fittings made of plastic.
An important condition when installing wiring is to maintain a slope for each linear meter of the pipeline. The amount of slope depends on the diameter of the pipe. If the cross-section of the pipes is 5 cm, then the slope should be about 3 cm, with a diameter of 11 cm - 2 cm. Changing the slope should not be allowed either in a larger or smaller direction, because this will ultimately lead to blockage.
The diameter of the pipes depends on their purpose. The riser, which will receive waste in large portions, should have a cross-section of 100-110 mm. This applies, for example, to a vertical pipe that collects wastewater from a toilet, washing machine and dishwasher.
If the installation of the latter is not planned, and the bathroom has a separate riser, then the vertical pipeline receiving water from the kitchen can have a diameter of 5 cm. For sewer wiring, it is better to use pipes with a diameter of 4-5 cm.
It is important to consider that the sewer system is subject to dynamics during operation. For this reason, when making a socket connection, it is necessary to insert the smooth end of one pipe into the socket of the other not completely, leaving a gap of 10 cm.
This compensates for the increase in pipe length as temperatures rise. Another dynamic is associated with the creation of internal tension in the pipeline, which is regulated by two types of fastening the riser using clamps, which will be discussed below.
On pipes that drain water from kitchen sinks and dishwashers, it is recommended to install grease traps.
Of all the plumbing fixtures, the toilet should be located at the lowest point of the intra-apartment sewer network.
It is mandatory to have water seals after the plumbing, in which liquid remains, preventing the penetration of fetid odors into the room.
Water seal for sewerage
If, during the operation of the old network, a characteristic odor emanated from the plumbing drains, and during the flushing of water from the toilet or washing machine a loud squelching sound was heard from the pipes, this indicates poor ventilation of the riser. Perhaps it's clogged fan pipe. Then you need to call a locksmith from the organization servicing your home. However, in some cases, simply cleaning the ventilation is not enough. Then the riser is equipped with a check valve.

After all measurements have been made, a diagram has been drawn up, taking into account all the nuances, and selected and purchased necessary materials, you can begin the dismantling process if we are talking about replacing the old network.

Dismantling the old network

Used pipes can only be removed when the water supply is turned off.

They start by dismantling the riser. It’s easier if this vertical pipe is replaced at the same time for all neighbors. However, this option is rare.

It is much more common to change the system in only one apartment. Let's consider this option.

Work related to dismantling the riser is dangerous and requires a certain skill, so it is better to invite a specialist to carry it out. In any case, you can’t do without a partner.

Step 1. Secure the riser from above using two half-brackets connected to each other with studs mounted into the wall. A rubber gasket must be placed between the half-brackets and the pipe itself. This measure will allow, when removing part of the riser, not only to avoid the fall of its section coming from the neighbors living above, but also to compensate for the vibration that will appear during the dismantling process.

Step 2. First, all plumbing fixtures are separated from the sewer network. The bathroom is emptied as much as possible.

Step 3. Cut off the pipe going to the tee, leaving small area pipeline. This measure will make it easier to dismantle the tee in the future.

Note! Cutting old pipes must be done carefully not only if you plan to preserve the riser or at least the tee. The reason for caution is the fragility of cast iron. During dismantling, vibration is created, which can damage the riser itself, and a fragment can clog the pipe.

Step 4. 2 oblique cuts are made in the center of the riser so that the maximum distance between them is 12 cm.

Step 5. By inserting wedges first into the lower and then into the upper cut, using a chisel and hammer, carefully remove the section of pipe between the cuts.

Step 6. While one person is holding on top old pipe, the other cleans the top joint of old pipes. If the sealing is done using sulfur, then you can heat the joint with a burner. The sulfur will melt and can be removed with a knife.

Step 7. Rock the pipe together with the crosspiece in order to then pull them out of the socket of the pipe going to the neighbors below. This joint can also be secured with sulfur.

Step 8. Clean the socket of the pipe going to the neighbors from the old sealant.

The old riser has been removed and you can begin installing a new one.

Installation of a new riser

If you removed not only part of the riser, but also the tee, installation of the vertical pipe can be done according to the following scheme.

Step 1.

Step 2. Now a tee is installed in the socket.

Note! In some cases, the connection between the cross and the socket may not seem strong enough. This can be corrected by using special silicone or plumbing tow.

Step 3. Mark the axis of the riser on the wall with a pencil.

Step 4. Assemble the riser without rubber seals and install it in place for testing. At this point, you can mark the mounting locations of the fasteners on the wall. IN standard apartments 3-4 clamps are enough. If there are any errors in the assembly of the riser, they are corrected.

Note! Don't forget about the inspection hatches on the riser. They will help in inspecting the vertical pipe for blockages and cleaning it.

Step 5. Mount the brackets into the wall.

Note! It is advisable to use brackets, since it is not recommended to install the pipe close to the wall.

Step 6. Assemble the riser for finishing, this time using rubber seals and hermetic lubricant. At the top it is connected to a cast iron pipe with a cuff, and bottom part inserted into the tee. Fix the riser to the wall with clamps.

There are 2 types of fixation.

Near the sockets, rigid fastening is used, carried out using tightly tightened clamps with rubber gaskets.
Additional fixation can be achieved with a floating connection, which is made with the same clamps. In this case, a rubber gasket is not used, and the fasteners are not tightened too much.

The installation of the riser is complete. You can start wiring.

Video - Replacing a sewer riser

It makes no sense to dwell in detail on the dismantling of old horizontal sewer pipes. The main thing is to free the pipes from the concrete and carefully disconnect them from the tee. Since the pipeline is old and there is no need to maintain its integrity, dismantling it is much easier.

Installation principle new wiring not much different from installing a riser.

Step 1. First, draw the axis of future pipes on the wall with a pencil, observing the slope. Often a groove is made in the wall, in which wiring secured with clamps is laid.

Note! The width of the groove should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipeline laid in it.

Step 2. Roughly assemble the pipeline without gaskets and attach it to the wall.

Note! The sockets must face the movement of water.

Step 3. Assemble the pipeline from its entry point into the tee to the plumbing fixtures. All connections are made using rubber seal and sealant. The ends of the pipes must be chamfered and free from irregularities.

Hidden plumbing and sewerage

Step 4. Fix the pipe to the wall using clamps, which should be located at a distance of no more than half a meter from each other.

Note! Some of the clamps must rigidly fix the pipe, while in others the pipeline must have a floating stroke to compensate for the vibration of the pipes during the movement of water.

Step 5. The toilet is connected to the riser using a corrugated pipe with a diameter of at least 10 cm.

Step 6. Connect the rest of the sanitary equipment to the wiring.

After installation, first carry out a visual inspection for leaks. Then you can turn on the water and use it to accurately check the strength of the connections.

Video - How to connect metal-plastic pipes

Checking pipe joints

To make sure that the pipes are tightly connected to each other in the outlet and riser, you must proceed as follows.

Drain the bathtub by closing the overflow hole.
Release the drains and simultaneously open the hot and cold water valves to full capacity.
Plug the toilet drain hole. It is convenient to use a plunger for this.
Fill the toilet with a bucket of water to the brim and open the drain.
Ask the neighbors above to drain the water to check the tightness of the riser.

If the work is done efficiently, there should be no water at all at the joints.

like this difficult work work needs to be done to replace the sewer network inside the apartment. If you doubt that you can do it efficiently and in short term, then contact a specialist. After all, the neighbors also don’t come and wait while you figure out the nuances of dismantling the old and installing a new network on site.

Video - Laying plastic sewerage

This means the question arises about replacing the sewerage system in the apartment. Or do you need to install a plumbing system in a ready-made, newly rebuilt room? If there are extra or free Money no, you'll have to think about it independent work. All that is required is a little free time and the willingness to independently and efficiently carry out all the work on changing the sewer system. It is quite possible to install a sewer system in an apartment with your own hands!

Planning

The sewer system located in the apartment is a non-pressure system. Its purpose is to drain general wastewater from the main areas of the apartment to the common riser of the house. This means that from the plumbing to the riser, the sewer system must have a certain angle of inclination, allowing wastewater move in a given direction.

The first thing you need to start with is planning the sewer system. If an apartment or house requires major repairs in order to replace old parts of the sewer system with new ones, then the task is greatly simplified. In another case - when installing a sewer system in a new house - you will have to think about connecting pipes to the right places. What is required from the planning stage?

Choose places to install plumbing fixtures - kitchen sink and all bathroom parts. If you are just changing plumbing fixtures and pipes, you need to make sure that the outlets of the sewer system pipes are in order.
Prepare or inspect existing sewer lines. At this stage, the angle of inclination is selected. It depends on the diameter of the pipes: with a diameter of 50 mm, the slope should be 3 cm per 1 m of pipe length; with a diameter of 100 mm - 2 cm per 1 m of pipe length.
Determine how much and what kind of building materials will be needed to replace or install the sewer system.
Purchase the necessary building materials for the upcoming work.
Next comes the test assembly of the sewer and its inspection.
Dismantling an old system or preparing for installation of a sewer system.
Installation of new equipment, installation and sealing of the system.
Connecting all necessary plumbing equipment and checking its operation.

Preparing for installation of a sewer system

When planning plumbing work, you need to take careful measurements to purchase sewer pipes of the required length and diameter.

Any inaccuracies in the project will result in the impossibility of functioning of the entire system as a whole.

Therefore, measurements of future sewerage installations must be carried out as accurately as possible. For non-professionals, there is no need to draw up a complete system installation project; it is enough to take the necessary measurements. You will need values not only for pipes and their connecting parts - fittings and cuffs, but also for plumbing fixtures - sinks, sinks, toilets, bathtubs.

At major renovation To simplify the task, you need to select plumbing fixtures with characteristics similar to the old one. Taking measurements will also be significantly simplified: you will only need to measure the existing sewerage distribution.

Polypropylene pipes are becoming increasingly popular for sewerage. They have excellent characteristics: do not rust, do not deteriorate, do not contain deposits with inside, weigh little and are easy to replace. Therefore, it is recommended to immediately purchase replacement pipes, connecting parts and transitions with cast iron pipes, from which it is made central system sewerage, polypropylene. Before purchasing, you need to make a list of the required parts so that you don’t have to buy the necessary parts later.

To connect new pipes you will need a silicone fairy tale intended for installation of a sewer system. Its use helps to quickly mount new system, will reduce resistance in pipes. When connecting polypropylene pipes a special cuff is required, which, if the connection is unsuccessful, can become deformed and create tension in this part of the sewer system due to rapid fluctuations in high and low temperatures. Silicone Grease designed to prevent such moments.

The next stage will be the dismantling of the old sewer system. First, the risers are blocked, after which the existing sewage system is disassembled into parts and removed from the apartment.

Installation

It is preferable to start replacing from the most difficult place: from the riser, if you plan to replace not only sewer pipes. For this purpose, plastic pipes with a similar diameter are selected.
Before installing the sewer system, you must carefully check the purchased Construction Materials: the pipes must have a chamfer, and they themselves must be free of any flaws.
When assembling the system, it is necessary to connect the parts of the sewer system with some adjustment to compensate for changes in pipe length due to temperature fluctuations. Its value does not exceed 1 cm. That is, when connecting the pipes all the way, the parts move apart by 1 cm.
The sewer system must be attached to the walls. A mounting clamp is intended for this purpose. The distance from one clamp to another depends on the diameter of the pipes used. For example, standard 110 mm pipes for sewerage are attached to the wall every meter. In this case, it should remain possible for the longitudinal movement of the pipes. Such a “floating” fastening of the sewer system will ensure a longer service life of all building materials used during installation.

If it is assumed that the sewage system in the apartment will be located in the walls, then after the final drawing up of the project it is necessary to drill holes with the desired angle of inclination and the possibility of attaching pipes in a “floating” position. After placing all parts of the system into the prepared holes in the wall and checking the operation of the system as a whole, it is necessary to plaster the surface.

When placing the sewer system in the walls, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of cement getting into the junctions of different sections of the sewer system.

For this, ordinary tape is used, and the pipes themselves are wrapped with protective material: fiberglass, corrugated cardboard, mineral fiber.