The staircase to the basement is external. How to make a staircase to the basement - simple construction technologies. What you need to make a metal staircase

Almost every private house has a cellar for storing food, which means that the stairs to the basement are mandatory element for such a home. As a rule, the construction of such a structure is carried out by the owners themselves, and therefore, before starting work, you need to carefully study the features of different variations and select the optimal one for specific conditions. So, let's look at how to build a staircase to the basement with your own hands.

Types of structures

The staircase to the cellar has special characteristics. This is due to the fact that it needs to be placed in conditions limited area Moreover, the basement itself is a utility room with non-standard microclimatic conditions.

To ensure comfortable movement and save space, can be used as a template for a project following types staircase structures:

• Straight march. The simplest to implement and at the same time convenient model. With repeated use, you can move along it, focusing solely on muscle memory. At the same time, you can increase the angle of inclination and reduce the size of the steps.
• Winder model. Used to save space. Part of the descent is equipped with winder steps. Thanks to the trapezoidal parts, a rotation of more than 200 degrees can be achieved.
• Goose step. Despite its miniature and non-standard appearance, it is quite safe and convenient. The steps alternate, adapting to the person’s step. In basements, tread halves are usually placed at different levels, fixing them with metal brackets, this allows you to make an almost vertical descent.
• Extension type ladder. Simple design, consisting of two side strings and crossbar steps. It is not very convenient, but it is easy to do it yourself.

Types of stairs to the basement

The standard option is a direct staircase to the basement. It is recommended to avoid screw structures, since they will require a large exit from the cellar, and they are also less convenient and safe.

Valid parameters

The staircase to the basement must meet certain requirements, but since this product is intended for household needs and is used much less frequently, the maximum intervals for it are somewhat wider than for conventional flights. If you decide to do all the work yourself, before making the stairs to the basement, you need to make calculations of the basic parameters based on the following requirements:

• Slope. You can go down to the basement either facing forward or with your back, so it is possible to increase the angle of inclination of the stairs up to 60 degrees, while it is important to take into account that your hands must remain free to carry loads. If you are making a steep staircase, it is better to limit yourself to a straight design and try to increase the width of the tread.
• Tread size. It may be smaller than usual; as a rule, 20 cm is enough, but in some cases this value can be adjusted either up or down.
• Width. In most cases, 70-80 cm is enough, this will allow one person to move unhindered. If you need the passage to the cellar to allow two people to pass each other, in this case the width increases to 90-100 cm.
• Step height. To increase the slope and save space, it is increased to 20-25 cm. The absence of risers is welcome.

Schematic representation of the stairs to the basement from the street

If you are doing the calculations for the steps yourself, keep in mind that it is important to take into account the width of the human step and the ratio of the size of the tread to the riser. For basements, a 1:1 proportion is allowed, namely 25 cm by 25 cm. The presence of handrails in this case is desirable, but not a necessary condition.

Materials used

The stairs to the basement must be strong enough to withstand favorable conditions this room. That is why special requirements are placed on the materials themselves from which such structures are built.

You can distribute everything available options by degree of popularity of use:

1. Metal. It is metal stairs to the basement that are the leaders in this criterion; they can be in almost any configuration, while the strength of the material is unrivaled. A welded connection will ensure the reliability of the structure, and special types of metal and special processing will make it possible to forget about problems such as corrosion, which is very important in damp basement conditions. In order to ensure safe movement on steps, it is recommended to use corrugated or cellular sheets.
2. Wood. Despite the fact that wood is significantly inferior to metal in terms of performance, it nevertheless occupies second position. The advantages include the relatively affordable cost of the material and the ease of its processing. The ideal species in this case is oak.
3. Concrete. For small basements, concrete stairs are rarely used; such structures are more likely to be seen in apartment buildings. The material is ideal for such special conditions, but the difficulty of working with it and creating the required shape of the staircase lowers its rating to third position.

Options for stairs to the basement by type of material

You can use wood to build a basement staircase yourself only if it maintains favorable conditions or you use durable wood. For cheap wood, the shelf life is minimized due to dampness and the possibility of damage by insects and rodents.

Manufacturing technology

In order to make a staircase to the basement with your own hands, you need to evaluate all the factors described above. Once you choose the type of structure, you can begin designing. First of all, you need to calculate the optimal support point. Since metal stairs are most often built with one’s own hands, using their example one should consider the manufacturing technology.

You will need:

• profile pipe;
• metal plates And anchor bolts for fastening the structure;
• corrugated or honeycomb sheets for steps.

Fastenings for bowstrings are best installed in the floor and wall, in the upper part of the future product. For this purpose, welded metal plates and anchor bolts are used. To calculate the required string length, you need to determine the span size - this is the distance from the first step to the basement floor.

Metal is considered the most reliable material for making stairs to the basement.

Cut the required piece with a grinder profile pipe. If the length is insufficient, it must be welded and additionally reinforced with a coupling in the seam area. Secure the pipe to the supports. The distance between the steps is determined by calculation. Divide the length of the support by the height of the step and round to the nearest whole number, adjusting the size of the riser.

To ensure that the staircase leading to the cellar, made by yourself, is stable for every meter, additionally fix the stringer in the wall on the sides of the passage. Then weld the frame for the steps according to the marks, and mount the finishing sheet on it.

Knowing the basic principles of staircase construction in general, you can easily create a basement variation of it. In addition, designing it can be much easier, since deviations from accepted standards are allowed.

The basement in the house is used for a variety of purposes: for storing food, jams and pickles for the winter, as well as unnecessary things. Often, cottage owners make a separate ground floor, they equip there not only premises for storing supplies, but also a laundry room, a sauna, a billiard room, Gym etc. The beautifully decorated room on the first floor is completely different from the gloomy basement room. The staircase plays an important role in such a room. Beautiful and stylish, it will add additional charm to the room.
A staircase to the garage basement is also needed. Thanks to it, the garage can be used not only for a car, but also for storing various items needed in the household. To make using the basement comfortable, you need to take care of a convenient and safe staircase to the basement.
Depending on the material from which it is made, we can distinguish:

1. Wooden structures;
2. Metal;
3. Concrete option;
4. A combination of metal and wood trim.

Technical requirements for the stairs to the basement

In order for the design to be convenient and safe, it must meet several technological requirements:

1. The minimum width should be 40 cm, and the most best option for comfortable movement – ​​from 60 cm and wider. The wider it is, the easier it is to move and carry bulky objects.
2. It is advisable to make the slope angle no more than 45 degrees. Of course, for the stairs to the basement a slope of up to 75 degrees is acceptable, but with a strong slope it will be impossible to go down to the basement and go up even with a very light load in your hands.
3. To make the structure comfortable to move, you need to make the riser height around 20 cm, and the tread - 30-35 cm. However, such dimensions can be reduced usable area cellar, so you need to select the best option based on the size of the cellar.
4. The ladder must be very strong, because heavy loads will have to be lowered into the basement, possibly even with an assistant.
5. When designing, you need to take into account increased level humidity in the basement. Therefore, the metal structure must be treated with primer and enamel to prevent corrosion. And wooden structures must be treated with antibacterial agents and drying oil, which will protect the wood from rotting and prevent the proliferation of pests.

Types of Basement Stairs

Depending on the design, the following types are distinguished:

1. A one-flight staircase is the simplest option that you can install with your own hands.
2. Straight in one march with an intermediate platform. This option allows you to make the structure less steep and more comfortable for dragging heavy objects. In addition, it is quite compact and convenient for small basements.
3. The two-flight design with an intermediate platform is very convenient for carrying loads, but takes up a lot of space:
4. The spiral staircase to the basement is very convenient and takes up little space, but you must move along it very carefully, and carrying loads is almost impossible.

Inspection before use

The staircase must be inspected before use. Its appearance can tell a lot: a strong and reliable ladder will be free of burrs, chips, cracks, and traces of rust. If any defects are discovered during the initial inspection, they must be eliminated before starting active operation.
When using for the first time, it is advisable to go down into the basement without a load to check the reliability of the structure. If it is strong enough and can easily withstand the weight of a person, you can safely use it for its intended purpose in the future.

Use of basement stairs and methods of working with them

Such structures are used both in houses and in garages and cellars. Basement staircase will help you go down to the basement of your house or garage and move various things there for storage. Depending on the purpose, the type of structure is chosen. So the staircase to the basement from the house should not only be safe, but also environmentally friendly, and also match the interior of the house. The staircase to the cellar and basement of the garage must, first of all, be strong, safe and convenient for carrying heavy and bulky objects.
If any defects appear during use, they must be corrected in a timely manner. If a metal staircase to the basement is used, it must be protected from corrosion, and if rust is detected, it should be treated by special means. If steps on a wooden structure break, they must be repaired immediately, as broken parts can cause injury to a person. If fungus, mold, or insect pests are detected, you can treat wooden structure special antibacterial substances and drying oil.
At correct operation And good care The stairs to the basement will last a long time and will help turn the basement into a useful part of the house or garage.

Video: Stairs to the basement

A staircase is necessary in any basement to be able to comfortably go up and down into it. It must be strong enough to support several hundred kilograms. They create monolithic or extension stairs specifically for a cellar or basement. An extension ladder is easier to manufacture and install, but less safe and comfortable to use. Manufacturing and installation of monolithic ones, in turn, is more labor-intensive and time-consuming, but they provide increased safety and a satisfactory level of comfort of use.

Theoretical principles of building a staircase to a cellar (basement) with your own hands

The choice of material from which the structure of the stairs to the basement or cellar will be made deserves special attention. Thus, wood is often chosen due to its ease of processing, as well as the availability of the material. But such a staircase needs additional processing special coatings to protect it from insects, moss and decay.

A staircase to a cellar or basement made of metal is more durable and reliable in operation, but at the same time it also has its drawbacks. Compared to wood, it is more expensive to manufacture and is susceptible to corrosion. If there are traces of rust on the material, it must be treated before starting installation work. Also, after installation in the cellar or basement, it would be useful to cover it with several layers of paint or enamel.

If there is enough space for design work, then you can resort to concrete. The concrete option is the most durable and reliable, but before carrying out work it is necessary to carry out design measurements and decide whether it is profitable to build it. Also, the difficulty in making stairs from concrete lies in the complexity of manufacturing its structure. For additional practicality, the steps can be tiled and then laid on it, which will protect against accidental slipping.

It’s worth saying a few words about the key parameters with which you need to approach solving the problem:

• for standard 2*2 cellars, a staircase width of 80-100 centimeters should be enough. Depending on individual design features basements, as well as depending on your desire, the dimensions can be changed both smaller and larger. You should always remember safety precautions!
• sufficient distance between the steps and the ceiling to descend into the cellar. In simple words– when you go down or up with a straight back, you should not hit your head on the ceiling. The optimal distance in our conditions is considered to be 190-200 centimeters;
• it is necessary to decide on the slope, which can be up to 75 degrees. The smaller the slope, the less dangerous the staircase is, the more space it needs;
• for comfortable use, it is enough that the width of the steps to the basement or cellar is equal to the length of the leg + 5 centimeters;
• for convenient use, the height of the steps should be 15-20 centimeters. Also, the height of all steps should be the same to avoid unwanted traumatic situations;

Metal staircase to the basement

Using channels

Well, let's get down to practice - making a staircase to a basement or cellar with your own hands. Initially, you should decide on the set of necessary

• metal channels;
• 5 cm corners for edging all steps;
• sheet metal (its thickness should be from 1 millimeter);
• crushed stone with cement mortar to concrete the base on which the staircase to the cellar will stand;
• paint or special anti-corrosion mixture.

It is necessary to carry out all the calculations and put them on paper so as not to forget. Do not neglect this point, because you will not be able to change the length of already cut pieces of iron. When all the calculations are ready, use a grinder to cut the channels and pieces of the required length. When there are enough of them, take a welding machine, and using the resulting pieces and corners, create a frame for the steps. Remove all resulting sagging using a grinder. Treat with anti-corrosion mixture.

All that remains is to secure the stairs to the cellar. First you need to decide on the location on which a small concrete foundation will be created. It is enough that the foundation is 15-20 centimeters deep and provides a good level of fasteners for the stairs. Install bottom edge ladders into the pit, fill them with crushed stone and fill them with concrete. Cut the steps yourself from sheet metal and solder to the frame of the cellar or basement stairs. Remove all sagging, scars, and nicks. Treat with anti-corrosion mixture. Such a staircase to a basement or cellar will last for decades.

Using pipes

To make it you will need:

• pipes having a cross-section of 50-60 millimeters;
• crossbars with a diameter of 2.5-3 centimeters with a round cross-section.

It is necessary to install pipes that will lead to the floor of the cellar or basement. At a distance of 20-25 centimeters, solder the pipes one from another with crossbars. Remove all physical imperfections using a sanding machine. Coat with paint or anti-corrosion mixture. Concreting. As a visual example video:

Concrete staircase to basement

Concrete staircase leading to a cellar or basement - perfect option for this type utility room. It is not afraid of corrosion, after a few years you will not begin to hear a creak under your steps, and the steps will not bend under your weight. It is most convenient to install them during the construction of a utility room. It is necessary to be mentally prepared for significant financial expenses and the amount of time that will have to be spent during production. Due to the fact that the design concrete stairs in a basement or cellar, it is solid, its adjustment after completing all the work is almost impossible, so you should make all calculations of its parameters qualitatively, double-checking them several times before taking it on. So, the process itself consists of stages:

Preparing the wooden “ridge” of the structure

For the “backbone” of the structure (formwork), you can use a sheet of plywood with a thickness of 2 centimeters. Additionally, the lower part should be strengthened with boards or beams, because it will bear the bulk of the loads. Then you should install the sides of the structure, which will prevent the concrete from flowing out. The “ridge” is completed by installing transverse boards that will display where each step ends. For stability to the structure, the end parts are attached to stringers, and to enhance strength they are used metal corners. All this is done for strength, because structural deformation during concrete pouring is unforgivable. To facilitate the disassembly process during assembly, you can use self-tapping screws.

Reinforcement

To obtain additional strength, structural reinforcement is used. To cover the area of ​​the entire staircase to the basement or cellar, you can use structures woven from reinforcement. Additionally, it is worth strengthening the edges of the steps with reinforcement so that during operation they crumble more slowly than without reinforcement.

Concreting

So, the main stage is concreting. To prevent possible differences and simplify future finishing works It is advisable to cover all joints between concrete and wood with a cement-sand mixture. Pouring the concrete itself should begin from the bottom of the structure. Ensure that all potential voids are filled. When the concrete is poured, it is advisable to vibrate it, after which, using a spatula, give the steps a neat appearance.

When the concrete hardens (which usually takes up to a week), it is necessary to dismantle all unnecessary structures, which is carried out through several stages:

When choosing between a concrete staircase and others, there is always a choice between safety, convenience and a minimum of time and money.

Wooden stairs to the basement

Other types of stairs include exclusively wooden ones or those leading to semi-basements, for example, to the garage where the car is located. Using the example of such a wooden staircase to a garage-basement, we will tell you how to make it. Before you start making it, you should decide on the situation on two points:

Now the technology itself:

1. Initially, you should create a support on which the ladder will be supported. You can use stringers or a bowstring as a support.
2. It is necessary to create transverse ribs for the stairs leading to the garage-basement, which will mark the edges of the steps.
3. Knock wooden planks frame so that beautiful steps are obtained. If the boards are too wide, the protruding parts can be sawed off with a hacksaw or hand saw. The installation of steps should proceed from the bottom up to make it easier to correct any shortcomings that have arisen.
4. After installing the entire structure, it must be coated with varnish or paint.

That's it, the staircase is ready. During operation, it is necessary to remember that if the basement is damp or low-quality wood is used for work, then creaking and sagging of the steps will not take long to occur. But even these options can be delayed if you carefully monitor the quality of the staircase, regularly varnish it once a year or repaint it. And finally, a short video:

Self-production of iron or metal stairs for various purposes.

Stairs are essential for convenient, simple and safe descent and ascent; in order to independently design and build a ladder made of wood or metal, some skills and dexterity will be required.

A staircase for using the basement or ground floor is sufficient important element In the operation of a private house, communications are often located in the basements, to which access is required. Also, the basement floor can be equipped for specific needs and requires convenient and safe access. Quite often, basements are equipped with stairs initial stage construction, however, it happens that this moment turns out to be missed. In such a situation, you can build the stairs yourself.

Staircase for the basement

There is enough a large number of options for self-construction of stairs to the basement or to the ground floor, they differ in different building materials, as well as the complexity of the required work.

Depending on the type and complexity of the work, stairs are:

To choose the most suitable option there are many things to think about important factors, such as service life and frequency, as well as the availability of materials and their quality. It is also important to decide on the material because, based on the cost of it, the cost of the entire structure will add up, this is also an important indication.

Only its concrete or stone counterpart can compare in strength and durability to a metal staircase. However, it is worth noting that a metal staircase takes up much less space, and leaves free space, which can be put to good use.

According to the type of construction, they can also be screw or with any other base; the staircase can be made entirely of metal or it can be used only as a frame.

To build such a staircase yourself, you will have to acquire welding machine, and learn how to use it well. It is not at all necessary to have professional skills, but it is extremely important to weld seams and joints evenly and without errors, otherwise the ladder will not have proper reliability and will last much less than expected.

You will also need a metal saw and a special circle for it, as well as a set of special drills and scissors for this type of work.

Next, you have to select the appropriate construction material, namely sheet steel with a thickness of no more than 5 mm, and depending on the design will also be required metal pipes, channels, corners. It is best to make steps from corrugated metal, this will prevent slipping and increase the safety of the entire staircase.

If only the frame of the entire structure is metal, you need to prepare the steps in advance; perhaps they will be made of wood or stone, in which case you need to make sure that they are as safe as possible.

Independently building a staircase for a plinth or basement from metal is a rather labor-intensive process and requires some knowledge and practical experience in using a welding machine, as well as tools for working with metal.

Making your own stairs from wood is much easier than from metal, if only because it does not require the ability to handle a welding machine. Wood is a much simpler and more practical material, however, when making a staircase for a basement or ground floor out of it, you need to remember that the staircase must first of all be strong and durable, and also needs to be treated with special means that will provide it with a longer service life.

Before starting work, just as in the case of a metal ladder, you need to prepare necessary materials, and tools, now it will be:

• Saw;
• Screwdriver;
• Sandpaper;
• Brushes for processing wooden surfaces;
• Measuring instruments.

In general, wood is a fairly pliable material, and if a mistake was made when working with it, it can be easily corrected by removing the screws and placing them in Right place. However, you should not neglect accuracy, as this may affect appearance finished stairs.

It is important that all wooden parts are well processed, otherwise you can get a splinter or get injured much more seriously.

How to make a staircase for a basement, basement, cellar, garage with your own hands

Making a staircase yourself is a labor-intensive process, but very interesting; it requires great care and correct calculations. It is best to choose wood, this will greatly simplify the work.

To make your own stairs for premises for various purposes, such as a basement, basement, cellar or garage, you must:

Drawing of a flight of stairs

Regardless of the chosen material and design, before starting construction work need to do detailed drawing flight of stairs. It should indicate such important indicators as:

More detailed information about the drawing can be found in specialized literature on this issue.

Basement entrance device

The entrance to the basement is as important as the construction of the stairs inside it. The entrance to the basement can be located inside the house, next to the house, or in an open space.

When arranging the entrance to the basement, you should consider:

1. The dimensions of the basement, if they are small, then you should not invest large amounts of money in the entrance device;
2. The frequency of use, depending on how often the basement is supposed to be used, can be based on practicality or convenience;
3. What will be stored in the basement, if these are large items, you need to provide the ability to get them out of the basement and return them there if necessary.

For basements small size It is recommended to make the entrance and staircase as compact as possible in order to most of free space was used for its intended purpose.

How to make a metal or wooden staircase to the ground floor, basement, cellar in a private house, garage with your own hands, drawing of a flight of stairs, entrance to the basement - photo

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In order for a self-made staircase to the basement to be comfortable and last for decades, it is necessary to correctly make calculations and draw up a plan. But first you need to decide on the design and material.

The staircase leading to the basement, first of all, must be easy to use and reliable. Therefore, when choosing a design, you should take into account your skills in construction and design.

The design of the stairs to the basement is selected individually

The screw structure is the most complex, so a beginner should avoid this option. Only a professional can build it with his own hands. Otherwise, the product will be unstable and short-lived.

Plus, it may look no worse than those installed between floors

But the design of such a staircase is too complicated for beginners

The most simple option is a single-flight design. A marching staircase can only be installed if the length and width of the cellar is at least 4 m.

Though marching staircase and takes up more space, it is much more convenient to use than other options

If the basement of the house/garage is narrow and high, then a platform can be built in the central part of the span. If the entrance to the cellar is located from the street, the structure must be protected from weather conditions.

If you are looking for a compact and easy-to-assemble design, pay attention to modular stairs

You should also consider:

• how often will the basement be used?
• design;
• budget;
• possibility of lowering large objects;
• influence of external factors.

For a small wine cellar, this compact spiral staircase is also suitable

Material selection

The staircase can be built from different materials: wood, metal, concrete. The choice depends on budget, personal preferences, the design and size of the basement, as well as the skills of the craftsman. Stairs to the basement are:

• Wooden. The advantages of this material: lightness and accessibility. However, in order for a wood structure to last a long time, it must be protected with special compounds from insect pests, mold and mildew.

Wooden staircase also very aesthetic

In some cases it is appropriate to install a small platform and a second flight

• Metal. In order for the iron structure to last a long time, everything must be treated before installation. metal parts anti-corrosion compounds. Its installation is simple. It is best suited for the basement. The cost will be more expensive than wooden structure. After installation, it is recommended to cover with enamel/paint.

A metal staircase can have a relatively simple design

Or become a real decoration of the basement, thanks to the designer's imagination

• Concrete. TO positive aspects include: durability, reliability. When choosing concrete structure you need to be prepared for large financial costs. Please note that its construction will take quite a long time. Suitable only for large basements. Concrete stairs are recommended to be installed during the construction of the house/garage. As for wooden and metal structures, then they can be erected both at the construction stage and after repair and finishing work.

The process of constructing a concrete staircase is quite lengthy, but it will also last you longer than others.

Laying a concrete staircase to the basement during the construction of the house itself

Design

Any construction begins with the creation of sketches. When drawing up drawings of the stairs to the basement, you need to take into account the angle of permissible inclination. It is allowed to build at an angle of 45 degrees, but if conditions require, then you can deviate from the norms and make a steeper slope. The maximum number of steps on each flight is 18. Marches can be rotated relative to each other by 90/180 degrees.

Having a drawing of the future staircase in front of your eyes will allow you to identify some shortcomings even before construction begins

The width of the step should not be less than 0.7 m. The optimal width is 0.8-0.9 m. If the basement of the house is equipped for a sauna, billiard room or gym, the width of the span can be made larger for convenience. When designing, you should also take into account staircase clearance. If it is small, the slope needs to be steeper. This is necessary to ensure comfortable lifting. The width of the tread is 0.3 m, and the height of the riser is 0.2 m. In order to find out how many steps there will be, you need to measure the distance from the base of the basement to the ceiling. The resulting value is multiplied by the height of the step (riser). To find out what the length of the base of the structure is, you need to multiply the number of steps (previously calculated) by the width of the step (tread).

Approximate dimensions of the flight of stairs (may vary depending on the characteristics of the basement)

Concrete staircase manufacturing technology

There are two ways to build stairs to the basement. The first method involves making it yourself monolithic design with a mesh made of wire. The base of the structure must rest completely on the floor. The second method involves installing a lower auxiliary structure with your own hands, under which a niche (free space) is formed.

The process of making a concrete staircase is labor-intensive, but not as complicated as it might seem at first glance

To work you will need:

• level, fittings, fasteners (screws) and screwdriver;
• metal corners, film, wire;
• crushed stone and concrete mixture;
• moisture-resistant plywood (you should choose a sheet with a thickness of at least 18 mm);
• timber 100x100 mm and boards (their thickness should be at least 30 mm).

If the staircase has lower formwork, you will need iron pipes or two channels.

Construction of the foundation

It is needed if the foundation is not very reliable. To do this, dig a pit with your own hands, 0.5 m deep, and fill it with crushed stone. Then it is filled with concrete mixture.

Installation of lathing and formwork

After installing the formwork with your own hands, they proceed to assembling the frame.

Advice!Use tie wire.

When erecting a monolithic structure, first connect the first (bottom) row, the size of which should be equal to the size of the base. Next, the second layer is attached. It should be noted that the second row should be shorter by the height of the step. Then the grid is mounted on the intermediate platform. If the structure is adjacent to load-bearing wall, then the ends of the reinforcement are driven into it. The result is a frame that resembles the “silhouette” of a staircase to the basement of a house/garage, but is several centimeters smaller than the supporting structure over the entire surface. Manufacturing of monolithic concrete stairs If you are going to do the reinforcement with your own hands with the lower formwork, then metal channels/pipes are installed along the span. Their lower ends should rest against the base, and their upper ends against the ceiling. Then the edges of the reinforcement are bent. Next they begin to work with the boards. The template for one foot is made from wood. Then it is used to trim the edge of the plywood. For a structure with lower formwork, you should take the forms and attach them with timber (in the future it will need to be installed in increments of 0.5 m) at an angle of 30 degrees. The joints of the auxiliary structure are secured with self-tapping screws. To prevent the boards from absorbing moisture, the panels (forms) are covered with polyethylene and the formwork is secured.

Fill

Before pouring the frame with the created temporary structure, you need to prepare a solution.

Important!The entire structure must be poured at one time. Otherwise, cracks will appear.

In order for the steps to be as even as possible, during the pouring process they are leveled with a trowel. Then insert wooden blocks to the places where the railings will be attached. Filling is carried out from bottom to top. When the solution has set slightly, insert the corners along the edges of the steps. Pouring concrete stairs After 24 hours, the temporary form is dismantled. The structure is covered with polyethylene. Periodically it needs to be removed and the concrete moistened with water.

This is what a “raw” basement staircase looks like

After the concrete has completely dried, you can remove the formwork and think about finishing the stairs

Metal staircase

Before you start building a staircase to the basement with your own hands, you need to purchase:

• channels;
• crushed stone with cement mortar;
• anti-corrosion compounds.

In order for the stairs to the basement to be stable, it is necessary to make calculations and lay them out on paper .

Design options for a metal staircase to the basement

Based on the drawings, the channels are cut into segments required length. To create the frame of the steps, you need to weld the corners with cut pieces of channels. Next, all metal parts are treated with protective compounds. All that remains is to install the resulting structure. To do this, you should determine the location of the base under the stairs. A pit 0.5 m deep is dug in the selected area. Bottom part the structure is placed in a dug hole. They cover it with rubble. Then it is filled with concrete mixture.

The base of a metal staircase to the basement

Next you need to take a sheet of metal and cut steps from it. The resulting steps are welded to the frame of the structure. The structure is treated with anti-corrosion compounds. A DIY metal staircase to the basement of a house/garage will last for decades. Second option: making a metal staircase from pipes To do this, you will need pipes with a cross-section of 59-60 mm and crossbars with a diameter of 3 cm. Process: 1. Install pipes that will lead to the base of the basement. 2. Measure 20-25 cm from the upper end of the pipe and weld the steps (that is, solder the pipes to the crossbars). 3. Sanding machine remove all excesses/deficiencies. 4. The structure is processed protective composition. 5. Concrete.

Quite often, a profile pipe is chosen as the frame material

Wooden staircase Before you make a wooden staircase to the basement with your own hands, you need to decide whether heavy, large objects will be lifted/lowered.

Important! Before installing structures, you need to check the room for humidity. If humidity levels are high, you should consider a ventilation system.

As for wood, you shouldn’t skimp on it. . Otherwise, the steps will begin to creak and sag during descent/ascent.

Cracked wood will not add any attractiveness or durability to your staircase.

So, now about its technology. Making a wooden staircase to the basement of a house with your own hands is as follows: 1. First you need to create a support (this can be either stringers or a bowstring) on ​​which the structure will rest. 2. Creation of transverse ribs. They will mark the edges of the steps. 3. Attach the cross boards to the frame. The result should be steps. If the boards are too wide, the protruding parts should be filed down. The steps are installed from bottom to top. 4. The stairs to the basement of the house/garage are ready. All that remains is to paint it or varnish it. Wooden staircase to the basement from scratch (2 parts) Part No. 1 Part No. 2