Warm ceramics technology. Pros and cons of porous ceramic blocks (warm ceramics). Positive aspects of porous blocks

A popular type of building material today is porous ceramic block. If you are thinking about creating a cottage or country house, you should definitely consider this option.

Raw materials and production features

Ceramic porous blocks are made from painted clay. Those. the same environmentally friendly raw materials that are used to produce standard ceramic bricks. However, in the first case, plastic clay is enriched with fine sawdust. This allows you to significantly reduce the weight of the material, because Ultimately, its structure contains slot voids.

After molding, the raw blocks are sent to the kiln for firing. Under influence high temperatures, the tree burns, voids are formed instead of sawdust, and the clay becomes a highly durable stone.

External characteristics

Any porous stone is a regular parallelepiped. Side surfaces, which when laid must form vertical seams, are equipped with locks and recesses of corresponding shapes.

Thanks to this feature, porous block can be used without cement mortar. The laying process goes quickly, the number of cold bridges is significantly reduced.

To improve adhesion of adjacent masonry rows and increase thermal insulation characteristics, the material contains technological voids ( air chambers), going from top to bottom.

If we are talking about large format ceramic brick, then manufacturers can “equip” it with additional rectangular holes, making gripping and laying blocks much more convenient.

dimensions

The height of one row of masonry is 218 mm, 186 mm, or 140 mm. The width of the blocks is 250 mm. or 180 mm. In the longitudinal direction, porous ceramic bricks can have the following dimensions:

250 mm. and 380 mm;
510 mm. and 396 mm.

Porized ceramic blocks are used not only in the construction of houses. But also, in the case of smaller (narrow) masonry units, for arranging the internal load-bearing structures.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before ordering ceramic blocks, you should find out their pros and cons.

Pros +

If you carefully study the reviews of specialists and consumers, then among the POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS the following should be highlighted:

Low degree of thermal conductivity (maximum 0.22 W/m˚C). In other words, if you live in a region with a temperate climate, then when building a house with walls 45 cm thick, you don’t have to worry about additional insulation;
Thanks to the high vapor permeability of ceramic blocks, a comfortable microclimate will always reign in the house. The material will provide natural regulation of air humidity levels;
The mass of the material is comparable to the weight of wood. Thanks to this lightness, there is no need to equip an expensive and powerful foundation for a cottage. The foundation can be light and inexpensive;
M-15 or more degree of compressive strength. Due to this factor, ceramic blocks can be used for laying walls in a building up to 3 floors high;
The porous structure and technological voids are a significant obstacle to sound propagation. That's why construction products used as for masonry external walls, and to create self-supporting partitions between rooms and spaces;
The technology involves masonry using special glue. Thanks to the tongue-and-groove system, there is no need to coat vertical seams;
Technological recesses of large-format bricks speed up the installation process. Compared to the traditional “competitor”, the ceramic block allows you to carry out work 5 times faster;
Ceramic walls will meet the standards fire safety, because the material does not support combustion.

Minuses -

Ceramic porous brick could be called an ideal building material, if not for a number of disadvantages:

When delivering material to a construction site and working with it, you must be extremely careful. Since due to the thin walls and slotted structure the blocks are quite fragile;
Porous bricks easily absorb moisture. Therefore they need to be protected from groundwater(waterproof the first row of cladding), and climatic influences during storage and installation;
Many manufacturing companies claim that the strength of their materials is M50 or more. However, in reality this figure may be significantly overestimated. In order not to make a mistake, you should deliver the blocks to special construction laboratories, where they will certify their quality and belonging to a particular brand. Another reasonable option is to use ceramic bricks produced by well-known and recommended manufacturers who value their reputation;
When used in dry climates, ceramic blocks lose their original performance qualities. Due to excessive shrinkage, the material becomes more fragile, so fixing fasteners in the walls is not easy;
Susceptibility to weathering. At strong winds the thickness of the walls will gradually decrease as air currents begin to blow away ceramic particles from the surface.

Many experts claim that the best alternative to porous ceramic blocks is porous concrete. The latter are offered at a more affordable price, and at the same time have best characteristics size, weight and insulation.

Features of working with porous ceramics

Porous ceramic blocks are a specific material, so working with them requires some experience. We recommend that you seek the help of qualified masons who are ready to offer official guarantees for high quality of your services.

Warm ceramics do not fit on standard cement mortars. Because cement is able to flow into the cracks of the structure and reduce it energy saving properties. Stock up on branded glue in advance to ensure the elimination of “cold bridges” and the necessary strength of the masonry.

The method of creating walls from porous brick is to use a fiberglass mesh, laid every two rows of material, and bandage the vertical seams. Provided that interfloor ceilings are installed from heavy reinforced concrete panels, the upper rows of the masonry are coated with mortar (minimum 2 cm layer thickness). After this, the steel masonry mesh is embedded in the solution. Thus, the material will be reliably protected from pinpoint pressing.

Ceramic blocks are demanding both during laying and in the process of further fastening mezzanines, shelves, heating radiators, pipes and other structures. Thin walls not suitable for use with conventional fasteners. You will need “injection” dowels or long anchors.

Should I use warm ceramics to create walls?

Even experts do not have a clear answer to this question. Name ceramic bricks with a porous structure ideal solution during the construction of residential buildings and cottages is prohibited. But if you need materials for the construction of one- or two-story warehouse or utility structures, then this choice will be justified.

If you still decide to choose warm ceramics to create a residential cottage, include in the construction budget the additional costs that will be required for exterior finishing walls

Construction porous ceramic block, as a material, has been known on our market relatively recently. And according to the manufacturer, it has already won its fans and its scope of application in construction is constantly growing.

Advantages of warm ceramics (according to the seller)

For fans of environmental friendliness, this is a very suitable building material. After all, ceramic porous bricks or blocks are made from clay, which is fired at a temperature of 1000 ° C and wood shavings added to the clay burn out, forming closed voids.

Thanks to these voids, porous blocks have high thermal insulation, and they also do not emit harmful substances during operation they “breathe”, giving and receiving moisture.

High fire protection and noise insulation characteristics also add a lot of positive feedback in favor warm ceramics.

Perhaps someone will agree that construction from porous ceramic blocks is expensive. However, given the possibility of constructing a single-layer wall, as well as the large size and light weight of the blocks, they make it possible to use something that is not as powerful as the traditional one.

All this together allows us to assert that building a house from porous ceramic blocks will not be more expensive than traditional construction from.

And houses built in this way are valued much higher on the real estate market. Strength characteristics allow the construction of buildings up to seven floors and above, and heat-saving characteristics will allow the building to be used profitably in the future.

Warm ceramics are used to build main walls, for filling walls in frame buildings.

Blocks are made different sizes and with different heat-saving characteristics for various applications– external and internal. They are easy to transport due to their light weight.

Laying is possible as on traditional cement mortar, and with the use of a “warm” solution, which, due to its properties, significantly increases the thermal insulation of the wall as a whole.

In addition, the laying of this material is very convenient, thanks to the accuracy in the dimensions of the blocks, as well as thanks to the tongue-and-groove system, which allows construction to be carried out four times faster.

When purchasing porous ceramic blocks, do not worry about the quality and the possibility of counterfeiting. Manufacturing technology will not allow them to be produced with poor quality, because they are manufactured using imported equipment.

This is pleasing, since such convenient and practical material is needed in our market in large quantities. After all, the future belongs to him and thanks to his qualities he will win many more of his supporters. That's what the manufacturers say.

Video: features of warm ceramics.

Porous ceramic block: disadvantages (according to the builders)

What are fans of building houses from porous blocks keeping silent about?!

Yes, warm ceramics are several times superior to brick in thermal conductivity, but this advantage disappears during construction.

When laying blocks in one row, even on a thermally insulating masonry mixture, the tightness of the vertical joints is broken. Which are made according to the tongue-and-groove principle - this is due to the curvature of the material. Therefore, thermal conductivity is lost.

You can’t do without it, and here another problem arises: how to attach insulating material. A porous ceramic block consists of voids divided by thin bridges in which it is impossible to make holes and fix the insulation.

Also, it is not possible to increase the speed of laying warm ceramics, as manufacturers assure. And when bandaging the walls, there are not enough additional blocks, which you have to cut yourself. In view of big size, the material must be cut on both sides.

After cutting, one of the ends will be without a tongue-and-groove connection, which requires additional filling with mortar.

Well, laying floors directly on porous ceramic blocks is a big risk; ceramics are 3 times less durable than bricks. It is necessary to fill the reinforced monolith, which will lead to the solution getting into the pores of the material, and this will deprive it of thermal conductivity.

Video: disadvantages of ceramic blocks.

P.S. As you can see, this building material has plenty of disadvantages. The choice is yours!

What is the difference between “warm ceramics” and ceramic bricks?

The phrase “warm ceramics” is a designation for high-tech artificial stone, the raw material for the production of which is clay. This material has a rather complex shape. Warm ceramics are used for the construction of walls, partitions and other enclosing structures.

The dimensions of such a ceramic block exceed the dimensions standard bricks ten to fifteen times. It is possible to use large ceramic blocks for the construction of walls outside and inside buildings, load-bearing structures of various structures, the height of which can be up to five floors. In addition, blocks with pores are used to fill the frames of buildings. Private houses made from warm ceramics are very durable. They are characterized by high level thermal and sound insulation, and their walls are able to “breathe”. This provides a favorable home microclimate.

Ceramic blocks are made porous by introducing certain additional substances into the clay, in particular sawdust. During firing, such raw materials burn out, resulting in small pores that are filled with air. Since air is an effective heat insulator, this makes it possible to increase the level of thermal insulation of the walls and ensure a light weight of the block, which nevertheless has large dimensions.

Properties of warm ceramics

Thanks to the large size of the blocks, the construction time of walls is reduced, which allows saving time on the construction of any object.
The reduced thermal conductivity and large dimensions of such blocks eliminate the need to further increase the level of thermal insulation of the walls.
The strength of such blocks allows them to be used for the construction of multi-story buildings.
High sound insulation.
Since one large block can replace several ordinary bricks, thanks to the slight volumetric weight a reduction in the load experienced by the foundation is achieved, this allows reducing the costs of arranging the latter.
The blocks are connected by a system of grooves and ridges, which allows them to be laid with exclusively horizontal seams. As a result, the cost of masonry mortar is reduced and cold bridges are reduced.
The accuracy of the block geometry guarantees the evenness of the walls, so there is no need to level the surface before finishing it.

Features of ceramics

Although warm ceramics are blocks that mostly have a similar appearance, some of their parameters may be different, for example, strength, frost resistance, composition ( special additives, providing porosity).

Thanks to the placement of bricks in the pores mineral wool warm ceramics have a lower thermal conductivity. Such ceramic blocks are made polished, so a special adhesive composition is used to build walls from them. In this case, the thickness of the seam is reduced to 1-3 millimeters and cold bridges are eliminated.

A block having a width of 38 cm, compared to wider blocks, increases the internal area of the building, reducing the thickness of the walls.

Since warm ceramics have low thermal conductivity, they improve temperature regime inside buildings. These blocks release the energy concentrated in them at the right moment, increasing the level of heat retention.

In addition, warm ceramics are an environmentally friendly material that optimizes indoor humidity and ensures the release of excess moisture into external environment from the building. In case of excessive dry air, this material ensures internal penetration of moisture, thereby improving the internal microclimate.

To buy warm ceramics, ceramic bricks or other materials for construction, contact the company

Porous ceramic stone is fake diamond from special clay with impurities, obtained by firing. The clay mixture contains elements that burn out during firing, forming peculiar pores. Pores reduce the thermal conductivity of the material without affecting its strength. Porous ceramic stone is called differently, warm ceramics, ceramic porous bricks or blocks, etc.

After firing, simple clay loses its shape and changes geometry, but technology does not stand still, and manufacturers have learned to obtain fired clay ceramic blocks of the correct and desired shape!

Porous stone has 3 main size groups: 380 mm, 440 mm and 510. These dimensions indicate the thickness of the block, that is, the thickness of the future wall made from a similar block.

Blocks of 440 and 510 mm do not need insulation; 380 mm can be insulated with mineral wool.

Table of sizes of manufactured ceramic stones (in accordance with GOST).

Large porous ceramic blocks are called large-format.

Porous stone has a porous structure. The stone becomes porous due to sawdust added to the composition, which, when the stone is fired, burns and forms pores.

The presence of pores reduces the thermal conductivity of the stone, that is, makes it warmer.

Due to porosity, in addition to thermal insulation, ceramic porous stone has good sound insulation.

The structure of ceramic blocks is cellular. It has groove and tongue connections on both sides for ease of installation.

Porous ceramic block, shortcomings or lack of knowledge of the rules of use

Geometry of stone. According to reviews from builders, one of the disadvantages of porous ceramic blocks is their imperfect geometry. That is, when laying, height differences are possible, be careful!

The fragility of porous stone, maybe it’s not so scary? It cannot be said that porous stone is so fragile that it cannot be used in building a house. This largely depends on compliance with the technology of laying such blocks. It is recommended to maintain the thickness masonry mixture 7-14 mm, and don’t overdo it!

They say that you cannot hang on a wall made of porous bricks. kitchen set or other significant object. In fact, this is not true! To drill a hole in a wall made of ceramic porous bricks, you need to drill Pobedit drill in non-impact mode. You can use drills of different diameters from 6 to 12 mm, the latter will be enough for hanging a kitchen set or water heater. It is better to use longer plugs so that they pass through several walls inside the stone. And, in order to finally remove all doubts about the reliability of elements fixed to the wall, we recommend using chemical anchors. The figure below shows how this is done.

If everything is done correctly, then on a wall made of porous ceramic stone You can safely hang a TV, kitchen set or water heater.

Video on how to properly drill and tap porous ceramic blocks, demonstrating strength

Clear advantages of using ceramic porous stone

Porous blocks are excellent for laying external facades, and internal partitions. But what about load-bearing walls?

To use porous stone for masonry or not load-bearing walls, everyone chooses for themselves. We would recommend it for laying external walls, the load-bearing ones being made of simple solid brick.

Environmental friendliness. They consist of clay, thereby being a completely environmentally friendly material;
Low thermal conductivity. Compared to conventional two-brick masonry, the use of porous stone saves approximately 25% on heating a house;
High noise insulation;
Relatively a light weight. For a building material of this volume, porous ceramic stone is very light. This is achieved thanks to its cellular structure;
Block size. If the ceramic block is 250 mm high, then each such row is equal to three rows made of ordinary brick;
Relatively quick installation. Because of large sizes blocks, the speed of laying increases significantly. When laying, the side seams are left without mortar; mortar is only needed for the horizontal seam. This is achieved due to the structure of the ceramic stone; the block has a groove-to-ridge connection. The side seams are empty - saving mortar.

Video about porous stone

In this video you will see what a porous ceramic stone is like both outside and inside. A few words about quality characteristics products.

If you are building with porous ceramic blocks, this is something you should know.

Rumor has it that porous stone can be placed on an adhesive base approximately 2 mm thick. This is possible, but the stone must be polished. Manual grinding is quite a labor-intensive task, and polished porous blocks from the manufacturer are more expensive than regular ones!

For securing very heavy hanging structures Chemical anchors are used. If everything is done correctly, then you can safely hang television panels, a kitchen set or a water heater on a wall made of porous ceramic stone.

The additional version of a large-format ceramic block has special grooves in the middle, by destroying which you can divide the stone exactly in half.

The 380 mm block has a pair of large rectangular holes closer to the corners of the stone. These holes provide easier installation.

Interior walls can be made of 120 mm porous stone

If the ceramic block is 250 mm high, then each such row is equal to three rows made of ordinary brick.

The blocks are laid end to end without laying mortar, which means that air can pass between the blocks. This can be eliminated by plastering the outer and internal surfaces walls

Starting a new row, before laying the mortar, a thin mesh is laid on the ceramic porous block, which prevents the mortar from falling inside.

All thermal characteristics of the stone are lost if ordinary cement-sand mortar is used during laying.

For laying ceramic blocks, a special warm solution based on perlite is used, which, like porous stone, has good heat and sound insulation properties.

In Russia, the main producers of porous stone are: Wienerberger, Braer, Rauf, Samara Ceramic Materials Plant. The table below presents manufacturers from Russia and neighboring countries.

I would like to note the fact that not all manufacturers produce products in accordance with state standard. Be careful!

The decision to build a high-quality and warm house must be made on the basis of a well-informed choice, as construction company, and the material itself from which this very house will be built.

When designing houses made of warm ceramics, the amount of material must be calculated, the dimensions of porous ceramic blocks (bricks) and their thermal conductivity for further installation. Work stages include:

drilling for the foundation;
installation of heating and ventilation;
arrangement of systems and equipment for water supply and sanitation.

Insulation of the house also plays an important role.

Porous large-format blocks Porotherm PTH44, made of ceramics, are more appropriate to install on strip foundation. The laying of the foundation must be determined by the characteristics of the soil. Walls and ceilings can be made from reinforced concrete structures.

Bricks of strength grade M150, 0.7 NF are laid on top of warm, eco-friendly ceramics made of baked clay. Design calculation country house turnkey must meet the basic requirements of comfortable living - durability, low price and environmentally friendly building materials.

Warm ceramics (or porous ceramic block) is a modern product on the building materials market, combining the advantages of traditional bricks and the versatility of modern technologies. Warm ceramics are now actively used in the construction of houses.

As you know, brick is one of the most durable and reliable building materials, with increased resistance to wear, frost and temperature changes. Modern construction characterized by the use various materials, including so-called “improved” traditional products, among which warm ceramics are in high demand. This is a kind of new generation of building materials that combines modern technologies and time-tested traditions.

The only difference between thermal ceramics and bricks that are familiar to most is the addition of an environmentally friendly additive to the mixture - sawdust. When clay is fired, they burn, and the resulting material becomes porous, which has a positive effect on heat retention. A house made of warm ceramics is a house that can provide comfortable living and also without compromising appearance or quality to withstand aggressive environmental influences.

Interesting fact: the use of heat ceramics, unlike traditional bricks, speeds up the construction process by at least three times.

Warm ceramics have a relatively low weight, which significantly reduces the load on the foundation, and also reduces the cost of time, money and energy during construction. The connection of warm ceramic blocks is “groove-toe”, and there are no vertical seams. This allows you to achieve enormous savings in mortar.

Porous brick is quite versatile building material who answers everyone modern requirements thermal insulation. A main feature This material lies in the fact that it itself can act as insulation, while maintaining all the advantages of the classic building bricks. This is why construction from warm ceramics is so popular today.

A house made of warm ceramics provides a climate favorable to the health and functioning of people. Walls made of porous bricks push excess moisture inside the wall without forming condensation on its surface. Thus, in the frosty winter the residential building is warm, and in the hot summer it is pleasantly cool. The voids inside the product prevent the appearance of mold and mildew, and also increase soundproofing properties building materials.

Disadvantages of building with warm ceramics

TO weaknesses porous ceramic material In comparison with ordinary brick, one can attribute relatively low frost resistance - on average 35 cycles of freezing and thawing. But facade cladding, which is carried out in the construction of houses from almost any material, usually helps to significantly extend the service life.

When selecting bricks for laying walls, not only its size is taken into account, but also thermal conductivity, durability, and cost related accessories– masonry mesh, glue, floor slabs.