Warm ceramic technology. The choice of material for the walls of the house. Aerated concrete or warm ceramics. Porous ceramic block, shortcomings or lack of knowledge of the rules of use

One of the main questions that arises before any developer is: What to build a house from? We believe that each of the users at least once heard the saying: "My home is my castle".

To paraphrase this phrase, we can say that a modern house, first of all, should be a warm and comfortable fortress.

A strong house is traditionally associated with brick, although the material is durable, it requires additional insulation. But is there a way to build strong, reliable and at the same time warm walls? After all, you must admit that in the light of the constant rise in energy prices, this issue is becoming more relevant than ever.

The realities of the approach to building an energy-efficient home dictate their own characteristics. And one of the most effective methods to build such a dwelling, it becomes the construction of walls from the so-called large-format porous bricks or, as it is also called, warm ceramics.

Warm ceramics in questions and answers

So what is it - warm ceramics?

Commercial director of the company "Gzhel brick factory" Pavel Novikov :

– Warm ceramics is a high-tech fake diamond, made of clay and having a rather complex shape. Keramoblock is an alternative to hollow brick and is used for laying walls, ceilings, partitions and other building fences. By size ceramic block more than a standard brick by 10-15 times.

The large-format ceramic block can be used for laying outdoor and internal walls, as well as load-bearing walls of residential buildings and industrial buildings with a height of up to 5 floors. Also, porous blocks are used when filling the frames of buildings. Cottages built from this material are distinguished by their solid construction and excellent heat and sound insulation, and the walls, due to the porosity of the material, as they say, breathe which provides a favorable microclimate in the house.

It is important to know that the porosity of the ceramic block is achieved by adding special additives to the clay, for example: sawdust. Due to the fact that during the firing of bricks they burn out, the smallest pores filled with air appear, and since air is a good heat insulator, this increases the thermal insulation of the wall, and the block itself, with large dimensions, due to the characteristic internal voids, is quite light. .

So, the main characteristics of warm ceramics include:

When using large-format blocks, the speed of building walls increases and, accordingly, time is saved for building a house;
Due to the low thermal conductivity of the ceramic block and its size, there is no need for additional wall insulation;
Due to their strength, ceramic blocks can be used as load-bearing walls in construction. multi-storey buildings;
The use of large-format blocks provides high level soundproofing the house;
Since one large-format block replaces several standard bricks, then due to the small volumetric weight of the material, the load on the foundation is reduced, which accordingly leads to a reduction in costs during its construction;
Thanks to the connection of the blocks using the groove-ridge system, it becomes possible to masonry only with horizontal seams, which reduces the consumption of masonry mortar and reduces the area of cold bridges;
Also, due to the exact geometry of the blocks, even masonry of the wall is ensured, which means that there is no need to level the surface before further finishing.

Block sizes

Since there are several sizes of ceramic blocks on the market, any developer may have a question: What to look for when choosing a ceramic block?

The main sizes of large-format ceramic blocks in millimeters are as follows:

250x380x219
380x250x219
440x250x219
510x250x219

The most widespread in the construction of an energy-efficient house are the following sizes: 380x250x219 and 440x250x219, since these formats provide the best price-quality ratio.

Also, when choosing a ceramic block, you should pay attention to the following letter designations:

NF - the number NF means how many times this block is larger in volume single brick size 250*120*65mm;
M - strength class. How more value the number after the letter, the stronger the block is considered;
F - frost resistance. The number behind this letter means how many conditional cycles of alternate freezing and thawing can transfer the material in a state saturated with water.

Since ceramic blocks are considered a structural element of a house being built, thanks to several standard sizes, the developer gets the opportunity to use blocks during construction. different sizes, guided by the climatic characteristics of the region of their residence and architectural features building under construction.

Similarities and differences between warm ceramic blocks

Despite the fact that most ceramic blocks are outwardly similar to each other, nevertheless, they can differ from each other in several parameters, for example, the strength and frost resistance factors mentioned above, as well as in the use special additives, which burn out during firing, provide the porosity of the material. But what happens if the ceramic block is additionally insulated?

Brick Sales Manager « TEREX" Alexander Astresov :

- Due to the fact that mineral wool is embedded in the voids of the brick, the thermal conductivity of the ceramic block decreases and thanks to this we get a ready-made wall with a thickness of 380 mm. And since the block is polished, special adhesive solution, which allows to reduce the thickness of the seam to 1-3 mm, and thereby eliminate cold bridges.

The 380 mm block, compared to larger width blocks, allows for more usable area rooms, as the thickness of the wall decreases.

Since warm ceramics have a certain heat capacity, this smoothes temperature regime in room. Thus, the block turns into a heat accumulator, which, at the right time, releases the accumulated energy and retains heat better.

Also, warm ceramics are breathable, environmentally friendly. pure material, which balances the humidity in the room and ensures that excess moisture escapes from the room to the outside, and if the air is too dry, then warm ceramics let moisture in. This ensures a constant and comfortable microclimate in the house.

Advantages of warm ceramics

According to a company specialist RotenSteinAlexey Semin The advantages of warm ceramics include:

A house made of warm ceramics - due to the peculiarities of this material, it is warmer than brick, which reduces heating costs;
The masonry speed increases, and since the mortar is not used on the side joints, this reduces the consumption of the adhesive solution by 4 times compared to conventional brick masonry;
Warm ceramics accumulate heat in winter and then are able to for a long time give it away, and in the summer in a building made of ceramic blocks it is not hot and easy to breathe;
Due to the fact that when laying blocks, a flat surface is obtained, with finishing walls require less plaster.

But in order for the walls of the house made of warm ceramics to show all their positive traits, you must adhere to the following rules:

When laying blocks, instead of a cement-sand mixture, you should use a special warm glue, which allows you to reduce the thickness of the laying seam and, accordingly, minimize cold bridges;
Under adverse weather conditions, the upper part of the wall being built should be protected from precipitation and water should not be allowed to enter the block;
In order to avoid a cold bridge in the vertical seam formed at the junction smooth surface a block with a tongue-and-groove side of another block, it must be filled with an adhesive solution;

When drilling a block of warm ceramics, use drills with the percussion mechanism turned off, and for attaching heavy objects to the walls, you must use special anchors recommended by the manufacturer of ceramic blocks.

As interior decoration for ceramic blocks, it is recommended to use plaster, and the relief surface of the side surface of the ceramic block ensures reliable adhesion of the plaster to the wall. Outside, facing brick is most often used.

It is important to remember that a gross violation of the rules for laying warm ceramics can lead to No all the advantages of this material, so the construction of the house must be carried out by highly qualified personnel and according to the technology recommended by the manufacturer of ceramic blocks.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that, using warm ceramics during the construction of a house, the developer receives an effective, perfect and modern material, which, thanks to its properties, ensures the construction of an energy-efficient, durable and prestigious home in the shortest possible time.

Users of our forum can learn more about building houses from warm ceramics. You can read a detailed story about how our forum member approached the construction of his house from warm ceramics. In this forum of ours, there is a heated discussion of already built houses from ceramic blocks. And after reading our video, you will clearly see how to properly communicate and hang heavy objects in a house built of warm ceramics.

One of the main questions that arise before every developer is “what to build a house from?”. Modern house should not only be a "fortress", which is referred to in the well-known saying, but also a cozy and warm place to live.

Reliable, strong house many associate with bricks. This durable material, but it requires additional insulation. In light of the constant increase in the cost of energy, a way to build strong and at the same time warm walls is simply needed.

The realities of the time in which we live have specific approaches to the construction of energy efficient houses. On this moment one of the most effective materials for the construction of such a house is a large-format porous brick, or warm ceramics.

What is warm ceramics?

Warm ceramics is an artificial stone made using modern technologies. Clay served as the material of manufacture. The ceramic block has a very complex shape. It is an alternative to the usual hollow brick and is used to build walls, ceilings, partitions and other types of fences. The size of a block of warm ceramics is 10-15 times larger than a brick.

Large-format ceramic blocks can be used as a building material in the construction of external, internal and load-bearing walls of buildings up to 5 floors high. Such material is also good for filling the frames of buildings. Houses built from warm ceramics are distinguished by a solid construction, good warmth and sound insulation, and the walls, thanks to the numerous pores of the material, breathe, creating a positive microclimate inside the building.

The porosity of ceramic blocks is achieved using wood shavings or other material that is added to the clay, and after firing it burns out, leaving small pores filled with air. Since air is a good thermal insulator, these pores increase the thermal insulation of the wall. Also, ceramic blocks are quite light, despite their large size.

The main advantages of warm ceramics:

The speed of building walls and, accordingly, the speed of building the entire building increases.
Due to the low thermal conductivity and large dimensions, there is no need for additional wall insulation.
The strength of the products allows them to be used for the construction of load-bearing walls in the construction of multi-storey buildings.
High level of sound insulation.
Due to the small volumetric weight compared to brick, the load on the foundation is reduced, which reduces the cost of its construction.
The tongue-and-groove joint system allows masonry with only horizontal joints, which reduces the amount of masonry mortar and the area of cold bridges.
The exact geometry of the blocks allows you to make the masonry of the walls even and not feel the need to level their surface before finishing.

Block sizes

There are several sizes of blocks of warm ceramics on the building materials market. Therefore, many developers have a question - which ceramic block to choose?

The main dimensions of blocks of warm ceramics, mm:

250x380x219
380x250x219
440x250x219
510x250x219

Among those who build energy-efficient houses, blocks with sizes of 510x250x219 and 440x250x219 have gained the most popularity. They provide the best value for money.

When choosing ceramic blocks, you should pay attention to the following letter markings:

NF (NF) - an indicator of how much a particular block of warm ceramics is larger than an ordinary brick 250x120x65 mm in size;
M is an indicator of strength, the larger it is, the stronger the material;
F is an indicator of frost resistance, which means the number of conditional cycles of alternate freezing and thawing that the material can withstand when saturated with water.

Ceramic blocks are structural elements of a building under construction. Thanks to several standard sizes, the consumer gets the opportunity to be guided when choosing blocks climatic features terrain and architectural features of the building.

Similarities and differences between warm ceramic blocks

By investing mineral wool in the voids of the ceramic block, its thermal conductivity decreases. Thanks to this, a completely finished wall with a thickness of 380 mm is obtained. Since the blocks are polished, a specialized adhesive solution is used when laying them, which makes it possible to make the seam size as small as 2-4 mm. So you can eliminate cold bridges. The 380 mm thick block is the best option, because it allows you to reduce the thickness of the wall and make the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe room larger.

Warm ceramics have a certain heat capacity, which smoothes the temperature regime of the room. Blocks from it turn into a heat accumulator, which will give off the accumulated energy and maintain a sufficient temperature in the rooms.

Among the advantages of warm ceramics is environmental friendliness. It is a breathable material that does not contain harmful substances, supports optimal humidity air and removes excess wet air from the premises. If the air in the house is too dry, then, on the contrary, ceramics will let moisture in. These properties will provide a comfortable microclimate of the room.

Advantages of warm ceramics

A house made of ceramic blocks is much warmer than a brick house, which reduces heating costs;
Due to the size and ease of execution, the speed of laying blocks is quite high, and due to the absence of the need to use an adhesive solution on the side joints, it will be required 4 times less than it would be required for laying bricks;
In winter, warm ceramics are able to give off heat, and in summer it is not hot and easy to breathe in a house made of such material;
Since even surfaces are obtained when laying the blocks, much less plaster will be required for wall decoration.

In order for this material to show positive properties to the maximum, the following rules should be followed:

Instead of cement mixture for laying it is necessary to use a special adhesive solution, which reduces the thickness of the seam during installation and minimizes the number of cold bridges;
Do not allow water to enter the unit. Top part the wall being built must be protected from precipitation;
At the junction of the tongue-and-groove and smooth parts of the blocks, a cold bridge can form. In order to prevent this, these places should be filled with an adhesive solution;

When drilling a wall built of warm ceramics, use a drill with the percussion mechanism disabled. In order to fix heavy objects on the walls, you should use specialized anchors, which are recommended by the manufacturer of warm ceramics.

Plaster is recommended as an interior decoration in houses made of ceramic blocks. Embossed surface blocks will improve its adhesion to the wall. Outside, decorative brick is most often used as a finish.

It is important to bear in mind that non-compliance with the rules for building a house from warm ceramics can negate all its advantages. Therefore, leave this occupation to professionals who will build a house using the technologies recommended by the manufacturer of ceramic blocks.

Choosing warm ceramics as a material for your home, the developer receives a modern, high-quality and economical material, which allows you to get prestigious, reliable and energy-efficient housing in the shortest possible time.

Video about the professional construction of a house from warm ceramics

Large-format ceramic blocks or, as they are commonly called, warm ceramics, are a new generation of high-quality building material that combines the most modern technological solutions, coupled with centuries-old traditions in the use of clay and ceramics in particular. Warm ceramics are large-format porous blocks made of fired clay. It is a durable and environmentally friendly material.

Currently, there is a tendency for people to reduce the cost of energy costs for the home, as well as the desire to save money Natural resources(Though not universal, but still). As a result, one of critical factors in deciding such, sometimes difficult, question "What to build a house from?" become parameters for reducing the cost of work and heat loss. The laying of porous ceramic blocks, although similar to the laying of ordinary bricks, takes much less time and requires less mortar. In addition to the speed of construction, warm ceramics put less pressure on the foundation of the building, respectively, the cost of foundation construction is reduced. In addition, sawdust added to the clay, which, under the influence high temperatures s and pressure, burn out during pressing and form pores. Due to this, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the block can be λ=0.12 W/mºС. And this is in operating conditions B! (more on that below)

However, the advantages of the material do not end with the above arguments. The figure shows the main advantages, which are discussed in more detail below.

After the tightening of SNiPs in 2003, many wall materials no longer meet the requirements for thermal insulation. With regard to private housing construction, this has not become such a fundamental point, but over the past 10 years, the cost of energy in the country has increased by more than six times and continues to increase. The prospect of “heating” the street attracts few people, so many people decide to additionally insulate the walls of the house. But there are two nuances here:
1) In a single wall are elements that have various terms services that respond differently to external influences. So, a brick can serve a hundred or more years, but a heater immured in it is about 20 years old. From here it is not difficult to imagine the loss of energy efficiency.
2) Heat transfer resistance is known to depend on humidity. For the Moscow region - these are operating conditions B. This means that the coefficient of thermal conductivity increases significantly for almost all materials. This is due to the fact that moisture conducts heat 22 times stronger than air. WITH negative temperature the difference increases up to 80 times. Water, filling the smallest pores, sharply reduces thermal resistance. At the same time, insulation suppliers recommend using numbers that correspond to operating conditions A (!), They say their material does not come into contact with external environment, but is under facade cladding. It is not uncommon to ignore cold bridges, which are created by masonry mortar, as well as fasteners for suspended facades. So in 1 sq.m. only six anchors, and this reduces the effectiveness of thermal insulation by 7%.

Construction of houses from warm ceramics

A fundamentally different view of the construction of a stone house is that wall material itself acts as a heater. For the Moscow region, under operating conditions B, the minimum allowable value of the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures is R = 3.13 mºС / W. It follows from this that the required wall thickness without additional insulation when using, for example, the KERAKAM SUPER THERMO block (λ = 0.12 W / mºС) is 0.12x3.13 = 0.38 m. structural materials, this indicator of porous blocks is unparalleled. So the coefficient of thermal conductivity for the Moscow region under operating conditions B:
. softwood is 0.18 W / mºС, respectively, the required wall thickness is 0.56 m.
. gas silicate and foam concrete with a density of 400 kg / m3 - 0.15 W / mºС (0.47 m)
. hollow ceramic brick with a density of 1000 kg / m3 - 0.52 W / mºС (1.63 m)
. reinforced concrete - 2.04 W / mºС (6.39 m)

Regarding the thermal characteristics, I would like to add that porous ceramics (ceramic block) has a high thermal inertia - walls made of warm ceramic blocks very slowly release the accumulated heat. Although, it should be noted here that it is more difficult to melt such a house after temporary conservation. Therefore, a house made of warm ceramics is not very suitable for seasonal living, such as houses made of profiled timber.

Houses made of warm ceramics

The next positive point of warm ceramics is its high vapor permeability. Due to it, a comfortable microclimate is created in the room, the wall breathes perfectly. Another plus is the removal of excess air humidity to the outside, while condensation does not form on the surface of the walls. The voids in the blocks, on the one hand, exclude the formation of fungi and mold, on the other hand, significantly increase soundproofing properties walls.

at the expense bigger size block, the number of mortar joints is significantly reduced. Vertical joints do not require filling with mortar, thanks to the tongue-and-groove connection. And this saves money on the solution by 3-4 times, the loss in time for its preparation also decreases by the same amount (in comparison with conventional masonry). In addition, the mortar joint is a cold bridge, respectively, when using warm ceramics, the thermal characteristics of the wall increase. Also, a smaller amount of mortar reduces the humidity of the masonry, the building dries out faster. Therefore, it quickly acquires the required level thermal resistance that matches the specifications of the product. The use of warm ceramics is simple and effective method reduce construction and operating costs.

Due to the larger block size, the

number of mortar joints. Vertical joints do not require filling with mortar, thanks to the tongue-and-groove connection. And this saves money on the solution by 3-4 times, the loss in time for its preparation also decreases by the same amount (in comparison with conventional masonry). In addition, the mortar joint is a cold bridge, respectively, when using warm ceramics, the thermal characteristics of the wall increase. Also, a smaller amount of mortar reduces the humidity of the masonry, the building dries out faster. Therefore, it quickly acquires the required level of thermal resistance, which corresponds to the characteristics of the product. Using warm ceramics is an easy and effective way to reduce building and maintenance costs.

popular variety building materials today is a porous ceramic block. If you are thinking about creating a cottage or country house You should definitely consider this option.

Raw materials and production features

Ceramic porous blocks are made of painted clay. Those. the same environmentally friendly raw materials that are used to produce standard ceramic bricks. However, in the first case, plastic clay is enriched with fine sawdust. This allows you to significantly reduce the weight of the material, because. eventually, slot voids are present in its structure.

After molding, the raw blocks are sent to the kiln for firing. Under the influence of high temperatures, the tree burns out, voids form instead of sawdust, and clay becomes a high-strength stone.

External characteristics

Any porous stone is a regular parallelepiped. Side surfaces, which, when laying, should form vertical seams, are equipped with locks and recesses of corresponding shapes.

Thanks to this feature, porous block can be used without cement mortar. The masonry process is fast, the number of cold bridges is significantly reduced.

To improve the adhesion of adjacent rows of masonry and increase thermal insulation characteristics, technological voids are provided in the material ( air chambers) going from top to bottom.

When it comes to large ceramic brick, then manufacturers can “equip” it with additional rectangular holes that make it much more convenient to grab and lay blocks.

dimensions

The height of one row of masonry is 218 mm, 186 mm, or 140 mm. The width of the blocks is 250 mm. or 180 mm. In the longitudinal direction, porous ceramic bricks can have the following dimensions:

250 mm. and 380 mm;
510 mm. and 396 mm.

Porous ceramic blocks are used not only in the construction of a house. But also, in the case of smaller (narrow) masonry units, for arranging internal self-supporting structures.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before ordering ceramic blocks, you should find out their pros and cons.

Pros +

If you carefully study the reviews of specialists and consumers, then among the POSITIVE CHARACTERISTICS you should highlight:

Low degree of thermal conductivity (maximum 0.22 W/m˚C). In other words, if you live in a region with a temperate climate, then when building a house with walls 45 cm thick, you don’t have to worry about additional insulation;
Due to the high vapor permeability of ceramic blocks, a comfortable microclimate will always reign in the house. The material will provide natural regulation of the level of air humidity;
The mass of the material is comparable to the weight of the wood. Due to this lightness, there is no need to equip an expensive and powerful foundation for a cottage. The foundation can be light and inexpensive;
M-15 and more degree of compressive strength. Due to this factor, ceramic blocks can be used for laying walls in a building up to 3 floors high;
The porous structure and technological voids are a significant obstacle to sound propagation. That's why construction products applied as for laying external walls, and to create self-supporting walls between rooms and premises;
The technology involves laying with the use of special glue. Due to the groove-ridge system, it is not necessary to coat the vertical seams;
Technological recesses of large-format bricks speed up the installation process. Compared with the traditional "competitor", the ceramic block allows you to work 5 times faster;
Ceramic walls will comply with the regulations fire safety, because material does not support combustion.

Minuses -

Ceramic porous brick could be called an ideal building material, if not for a number of shortcomings:

When delivering material to the construction site and working with it, you must be extremely careful. Since, due to the thin walls and slotted structure, the blocks are quite fragile;
Porous bricks easily absorb moisture. Therefore, they must be protected from ground water(to waterproof the first row of clacks), and climatic influences during storage and installation;
Many manufacturing companies claim that the strength of their materials is from M50 or more. In reality, however, this figure can be significantly overestimated. In order not to make a mistake, you should deliver the blocks to special construction laboratories, where they will certify their quality and belonging to a particular brand. Another reasonable option is to use ceramic bricks produced by well-known and recommended manufacturers who value their reputation;
When used in dry climates, ceramic blocks lose their original performance. Due to excessive shrinkage, the material becomes more brittle, so it is not easy to fix the fasteners in the walls;
Vulnerability to weathering. At strong winds the thickness of the walls will gradually decrease, as air currents will begin to blow away ceramic particles from the surface.

Many experts claim that porous concretes are the best alternative to porous ceramic blocks. The latter are offered at a more affordable cost, and at the same time they have best performance size, weight and isolation.

Features of working with porous ceramics

Porous blocks of ceramics are a specific material, so some experience is required to work with them. We recommend that you seek the help of qualified masons who are ready to offer official guarantees for high quality their services.

Warm ceramics do not fit on standard cement mortars. Because cement is able to flow into the cracks of the structure and reduce it energy saving properties. Stock up in advance with branded glue, which ensures the elimination of "cold bridges" and the necessary strength of the masonry.

The way to create walls from porous bricks is to use a fiberglass mesh that is laid every two rows of material and bandage the vertical seams. Under the condition of installation of interfloor ceilings from heavy reinforced concrete panels, the upper rows of masonry are smeared with mortar (at least 2 cm layer thickness). After that, a steel masonry mesh is embedded in the mortar. Thus, the material will be reliably protected from point punching.

Keramoblocks are demanding both during laying and in the process of further fastening of mezzanines, shelves, heating radiators, pipes and other structures. thin walls not suitable for conventional fasteners. You will need "injection" dowels or long anchors.

Should I use warm ceramics to create walls?

There is no unequivocal answer to this question even among experts. Name ceramic bricks with a porous structure ideal solution during the construction of residential buildings and cottages is impossible. But if you need materials for the construction of one- or two-story warehouse or utility buildings, then this choice will be justified.

If you still decide to choose warm ceramics to create a residential cottage, include in the construction budget the additional costs that will be required for exterior finish walls.

The best material for building houses has always been considered a baked clay brick - ceramic brick. It has good thermal insulation characteristics.

At the moment, the need for building materials with good thermal insulation and high strength performance is growing all the time. Developers are increasingly choosing materials such as aerated concrete or warm ceramics for construction, while not so long ago, ordinary brick was the most popular building material.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of these building materials and why it is worth using them, and not brick, you need to know exactly in order to make the right and informed choice.

This is not an easy matter, each of the materials has both advantages and disadvantages, and the pricing policy is also different. But still it is worth spending time on this, in order to start building a house with confidence in the correct choice.

A warm house, or rather its construction, depends on many nuances, and despite the fact that heat loss through walls is only 20%, choosing the right material for building walls is important and necessary.

Features of warm ceramics

Warm ceramics is practically a new material in construction, but in fact brick is a relative of this material.

But of course, warm ceramics has a lot of qualities and indicators that brick does not have. In addition, the brick has many disadvantages that warm ceramics practically do not have.

In addition to the fact that a house made of material such as warm ceramics will retain much more heat than a house made of bricks, construction will also take place several times faster, since a porous ceramic block can significantly exceed the size of an ordinary brick.

Due to the fact that the blocks come in different sizes, you can choose the one that is right for you. The popularity of such products is also so high because of their amazing ability to keep warm and comfortable for all the microclimate in the house.

To improve these qualities during construction, only special glue should be used.

The porous block has excellent adhesion, so it is suitable for any exterior wall finish.

High strength and low thermal conductivity - these qualities combine warm ceramics, which allows you to build buildings without additional insulation.

Blocks of warm ceramics are made by firing clay, wood waste is added to the molding sand, they are symmetrically distributed throughout the mass and burn out, and a cellular structure of the block is formed.

masonry material

Blocks of "warm ceramics" are made from natural clays with subsequent firing; the cellular structure is formed due to the burnout of wood waste added to the molding sand; they are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal or vertical direction.

Be sure to waterproof the foundation and make sure that the foundation is perfectly horizontal. Only after making sure that this is the case, you can start building walls.
The blocks are connected to each other by tongue-and-groove joints, so you only need an adhesive solution to connect horizontal seams.
Between the rows, the blocks must be moistened with water. That is, before posting next row, carefully spray the previous one with water. You can use a hose for this procedure or pour water from a bucket.
In order to protect vertical voids from debris and mortar, be sure to lay a special mesh between the blocks. In addition to protecting the voids, it will give even more strength to the walls. Without using this mesh, all characteristics will be violated, so you can not forget about it.
If the need arises and you need a block custom size, you can cut any ceramic block using a diamond saw. Do not forget to coat the additional block with glue.
The bonding of the external and internal walls is carried out using stainless steel anchors. According to technology, they need to be installed every two rows of blocks, so you need to carefully monitor so as not to miss the right places.

Characteristics of aerated concrete

The main components of aerated concrete blocks are a binder (mainly Portland cement), lime, aggregate (quartz sand).

It combines the properties that are inherent in wood and natural stone. Since its thermal conductivity is only 0.12 W / m ° C, the wall thickness can be reduced to 0.4 m, naturally, this saves both time and money.

Aerated concrete, or rather its density, can be different, from 400 to 1200 kg / cu. m. The speed of work, if you use aerated concrete, as well as when using warm ceramics, is high, since it specific gravity low
The frost resistance of products, despite the fact that they write about it, is not very high, which does not allow building houses from this material in harsh climatic conditions.
does not require antiseptic treatment, as it has a high resistance to biological influences.
The durability of the element is very high. Subject to all GOSTs during construction, you can expect that your house will stand for more than a hundred years without requiring repairs.

In addition, the choice of aerated concrete is enough economical option. But do not forget that you will have to pay for additional insulation.

Aerated concrete is made in autoclaves from a mixture of sand, aluminum powder, cement and water. The porosity of the blocks gives action chemical reaction powder and lime.

Masonry features

Most Damage building structures from aerated concrete are easily restored. There are many special solutions, forming at the site of damage a structure similar to the structure of aerated concrete.

As well as for warm ceramics, waterproofing and evenness of the foundation is required.
The thickness of structures should not be less than 375 for external walls, and not less than 250 for internal ones.
When laying the block on the wall, use only special glue. It is necessary to carefully coat all the blocks, or rather the seams. How to dissolve the glue, you will learn by reading the instructions.
Aerated concrete can be sawn with a regular hacksaw, no special tools are required for this. The block is placed on flat surface, and without special efforts cutting is carried out.
After laying the last block in each row, be sure to check the horizontal position, do not allow drops, as this can cause cracks.
If the masonry is done in accordance with all the rules recommended by aerated concrete manufacturers, then after the wall dries, you will not be able to separate the block from the block even if you wish.

Similarities and differences

Aerated concrete and heat ceramics are similar mainly in that they are porous and large-format blocks, both of which are actively used in modern construction.

The difference lies in the materials from which they are made. Aerated concrete is an artificial building material, it is a variety cellular concrete. Warm ceramics are natural natural material It is made from clay.

There are also significant differences in the degree of water absorption of materials. Differences in strength are also in favor of warm ceramic blocks, therefore, they are also more durable.

The sound insulation of both materials is quite high and far exceeds the sound insulation of conventional bricks.

Main qualitative similarities

Aerated concrete and ceramics, like brick, are used both for the installation of external walls and for the installation of internal ones.
A minimum of marriage, unlike a material such as brick.
Saving masonry mortars and plasters.
Ideally even forms of the block are given by both aerated concrete and ceramics.
The presence of cells, therefore, less load on the foundation.
Groove-ridge system.
Smooth surface of finished walls.
High speed of work due to the large format.

The similarity of these two building materials is that you will need almost the same tools to work with them. There is nothing special about this set, except that you will need a diamond saw to cut warm ceramics.

Tools and materials

A container for diluting glue, you can use a regular bucket.
Stirrer.
A brush to sweep away dust and debris from the blocks before applying the adhesive.
If you are using aerated concrete, then you will need a regular hacksaw. If warm ceramic blocks are used, then a diamond saw.
In order to pour glue, use a regular bucket.
Rubber mallet for precise positioning of blocks.
Notched trowel to distribute the adhesive evenly throughout the block.
The spatula is normal.
Building level to check the horizontalness of the masonry.
Grater to correct possible irregularities in the rows of masonry.

Disadvantages of materials

Cons of warm ceramics

The disadvantages of thermal ceramics include the fact that during construction it is necessary to follow all the manufacturer's instructions. That is, use only special glue, be sure to protect the voids with a mesh and hire only professional builders who have dealt with this material more than once.

If all the nuances are not observed, there can be no talk of any low thermal conductivity and strength. The use of cement instead of glue will lead to the fact that instead of warm and cozy home, you will receive a cold box, which, moreover, may fall apart.

You can buy warm ceramics only from well-established manufacturers, otherwise, instead of durable blocks, you will get material that can destroy an ordinary small cobblestone.

Disadvantages of aerated concrete

Since aerated concrete absorbs moisture, its thermal performance is significantly reduced, as a result, deformation may occur that will ruin your entire finish.

Therefore, additional costs will be required to prevent moisture. Using a special glue is also quite expensive, but using a regular one cement mortar when building a building from a material such as aerated concrete, it is impossible.

In order to exclude the appearance of cracks (and this is possible, since aerated concrete can crack), an absolutely even foundation is needed. Therefore, for a house made of aerated concrete blocks, in order to exclude the possibility of deformation, a monolithic strip foundation is needed.

With a level foundation and right technology construction, aerated concrete will correspond to all its positive properties.

Characteristics of a brick

It is quite possible that, having learned all about the disadvantages and advantages of aerated concrete and warm ceramics, you still decide that brick is the best. It is reliable because it has been tested more than once.

But choosing a brick, you also need to know a lot of nuances. In order to meet all your requirements, look for a good brick manufacturer and never buy a brick from your hands.

Naturally, the brand of brick must meet the requirements. By the way, in modern construction, when erecting one building, it is allowed to use different materials, so you can combine brick and aerated concrete or brick and warm ceramics.

For example, bearing wall you can make it out of brick the old fashioned way, and use ceramic blocks inside. Naturally, at the same time, your imagination must be supported by accurate calculations.