TsNIISK them. Kucherenko Gosstroy USSR

to determine the fire resistance limits of structures, the limits of fire spread across structures and groups

flammability of materials

(KSNiP II-2-80)

Moscow 1985

ORDER OF THE RED BANNER OF LABOR CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES named after. V. A. KUCHERENKO SHNIISK nm. Kucherenko) GOSSTROYA USSR

TO DETERMINE THE LIMITS OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF A STRUCTURE,

LIMITS OF FIRE SPREAD BY STRUCTURES AND GROUPS

FLAMMABILITY OF MATERIALS (to SNiP I-2-80)

Approved

A manual for determining the fire resistance limits of structures, the limits of fire propagation through structures and flammability groups of materials (to SNiP II-2-80) / TsNIISK nm. Kucherenko.- M.: Stroyizdat, 1985.-56 p.

Developed for SNiP 11-2-80 “Fire safety standards for the design of buildings and structures.” Reference data is provided on the limits of fire resistance and fire spread for building structures made of reinforced concrete, metal, wood, asbestos cement, plastics and other building materials, as well as data on the flammability groups of building materials.

For engineering and technical project workers, construction organizations and state fire inspection authorities.

Table 15, fig. 3.

3206000000-615 047(01)-85

Instruction-norm. (I issue - 62-84

© Stroyizdat, 1985

PREFACE

This Manual has been developed for SNiP 11-2-80 “Fire safety standards for the design of buildings and structures.” It contains data on standardized fire resistance and fire hazard indicators building structures and materials.

Sec. I manual was developed by TsNIISK them. Kucherenko (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. I. G. Romanenkov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, V. N. Zigern-Korn). Sec. 2 developed by TsNIISK named after. Kucherenko (Doctor of Technical Sciences I. G. Romanenkov, Candidates of Technical Sciences V. N. Zigern-Korn, L. N. Bruskova, G. M. Kirpichenkov, V. A. Orlov, V. V. Sorokin, engineers A. V. Pestritsky, |V. Y. Yashin|); NIIZHB (Doctor of Technical Sciences V.V. Zhukov; Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. A.F. Milovanov; Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences A.E. Segalov, Candidates of Technical Sciences A. A. Gusev, V. V. Solomonov, V. M. Samoilenko; engineers V. F. Gulyaeva, T. N. Malkina); TsNIIEP im. Mezentseva (candidate of technical sciences L. M. Schmidt, engineer P. E. Zhavoronkov); TsNIIPromzdanny (candidate of technical sciences V.V. Fedorov, engineers E.S. Giller, V.V. Sipin) and VNIIPO (doctor of technical sciences, professor A.I. Yakovlev; candidates of technical sciences V P. Bushev, S. V. Davydov, V. G. Olimpiev, N. F. Gavrikov; engineers V. Z. Volokhatykh, Yu. A. Grinchnk, N. P. Savkin, A. N. Sorokin, V. S. Kharitonov, L. V. Sheinina, V. I. Shchelkunov). Sec. 3 developed by TsNIISK named after. Kucherenko (Doctor of Technical Sciences, Prof. I.G. Romanenkov, Candidate of Technical Sciences N.V. Kovyrshina, Engineer V.G. Gonchar) and the Institute of Mining Mechanics of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. SSR (candidate of technical sciences G. S. Abashidze, engineers L. I. Mirashvili, L. V. Gurchumelia).

When developing the Manual, materials from the TsNIIEP of housing and the TsNIIEP of educational buildings of the State Civil Engineering Committee, MIIT Ministry of Railways of the USSR, VNIISTROM and NIPIsilicate concrete of the Ministry of Industrial Construction Materials of the USSR were used.

The text of SNiP II-2-80 used in the Guide is typed in bold. Its points are double numbered; the numbering according to SNiP is given in brackets.

In cases where the information given in the Manual is insufficient to establish the appropriate indicators of structures and materials, you should contact the TsNIISK im. Kucherenko or NIIZhB of the USSR State Construction Committee. The basis for establishing these indicators can also be the results of tests performed in accordance with standards and methods approved or agreed upon by the USSR State Construction Committee.

Please send comments and suggestions regarding the Manual to the following address: Moscow, 109389, 2nd Institutskaya St., 6, TsNIISK im. V. A. Kucherenko.

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. The manual has been compiled to assist design, construction*# organizations and fire protection authorities in order to reduce the cost of time, labor and materials to establish the fire resistance limits of building structures, the limits of fire spread through them and the flammability groups of materials standardized by SNiP II-2-80.

1.2. (2.1). Buildings and structures are divided into five levels according to fire resistance. The degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures is determined by the fire resistance limits of the main building structures and the limits of fire spread through these structures.

1.3. (2.4). Construction Materials Based on flammability, they are divided into three groups: non-combustible, non-combustible and combustible.

1.4. The fire resistance limits of structures, the limits of fire spread through them, as well as the flammability groups of materials given in this Manual should be included in the design of structures, provided that their execution fully complies with the description given in the Manual. Materials from the Manual should also be used when developing new designs.

2. BUILDING STRUCTURES.

FIRE RESISTANCE LIMITS AND FIRE SPREAD LIMITS

2.1 (2.3). The fire resistance limits of building structures are determined according to the CMEA standard 1000-78 “Fire standards construction design. Method of testing building structures for fire resistance."

The limit of fire spread through building structures is determined according to the methodology given in the appendix. 2.

FIRE RESISTANCE LIMIT

2.2. The fire resistance limit of building structures is taken to be the time (in hours or minutes) from the start of their standard fire test until the occurrence of one of the fire resistance limit states.

2.3. The SEV 1000-78 standard distinguishes the following four types of limit states for fire resistance: loss bearing capacity structures and components (collapse or deflection depending on the type

structures); in terms of thermal insulation ability - an increase in temperature on an unheated surface by an average of more than 160°C or at any point on this surface by more than 190°C compared to the temperature of the structure before testing, or more than 220°C regardless of the temperature of the structure before testing; by density - the formation in structures of through cracks or through holes through which combustion products or flames penetrate; for structures protected by fire-retardant coatings and tested without loads, the limiting state will be the achievement of a critical temperature of the material of the structure.

For external walls, coverings, beams, trusses, columns and pillars, the limiting state is only the loss of the load-bearing capacity of structures and components.

2.4. The limit states of structures for fire resistance specified in clause 2.3 will be further referred to as I, 11, 111 and IV limit states of structures for fire resistance, respectively, for brevity.

In cases of determining the fire resistance limit under loads determined on the basis of a detailed analysis of the conditions that arise during a fire and differ from the standard ones, the limiting state of the structure will be designated 1A.

2.5. The fire resistance limits of structures can also be determined by calculation. In these cases, tests may not be carried out.

Determination of fire resistance limits by calculation should be carried out according to methods approved by the Glavtekhnormirovanie of the USSR State Construction Committee.

2.6. For an approximate assessment of the fire resistance limit of structures during their development and design, one can be guided by the following provisions:

a) the fire resistance limit of layered enclosing structures in terms of thermal insulation capacity is equal to, and, as a rule, higher than the sum of the fire resistance limits of individual layers. It follows that increasing the number of layers of the enclosing structure (plastering, cladding) does not reduce its fire resistance limit in terms of heat-insulating ability. In some cases, the introduction of an additional layer may not have an effect, for example, when facing with sheet metal on the unheated side;

b) the fire resistance limits of enclosing structures with an air gap are on average 10% higher than the fire resistance limits of the same structures, but without an air gap; the efficiency of the air gap is higher, the further it is removed from the heated plane; with closed air gaps their thickness does not affect the fire resistance limit;

c) fire resistance limits of enclosing structures with asymmetrical

The exact arrangement of the layers depends on the direction of the heat flow. On the side where the likelihood of a fire is higher, it is recommended to place fireproof materials with low thermal conductivity;

d) an increase in the humidity of structures helps to reduce the rate of heating and increase fire resistance, except in cases where an increase in humidity increases the likelihood of sudden brittle destruction of the material or the appearance of local punctures; this phenomenon is especially dangerous for concrete and asbestos-cement structures;

e) the fire resistance limit of loaded structures decreases with increasing load. The most stressed section of structures, exposed fire and high temperatures, as a rule, determines the value of the fire resistance limit;

f) the fire resistance limit of a structure is higher, the smaller the ratio of the heated perimeter of the cross-section of its elements to their area;

g) static fire resistance limit indefinable constructions, as a rule, higher than the fire resistance limit of similar statically determined structures due to the redistribution of forces to less stressed elements that are heated at a lower rate; in this case, it is necessary to take into account the influence of additional forces arising due to temperature deformations;

h) the flammability of the materials from which the structure is made does not determine its fire resistance limit. For example, structures made of thin-walled metal profiles have a minimum fire resistance limit, and wood structures have a higher fire resistance limit than steel structures with the same ratio of the heated perimeter of the section to its area and the magnitude of the operating stresses to the temporary resistance or yield strength. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the use of combustible materials instead of difficult-to-burn or non-combustible materials can reduce the fire resistance limit of the structure if the rate of its burnout is higher than the rate of heating.

To assess the fire resistance limit of structures based on the above provisions, it is necessary to have sufficient information about the fire resistance limits of structures similar to those considered in shape, materials used and design, as well as information about the main patterns of their behavior in case of fire or fire tests.-

2.7. In cases where in the table. 2-15 fire resistance limits are indicated for similar structures of various sizes; the fire resistance limit of a structure having an intermediate size can be determined by linear interpolation. For reinforced concrete structures, interpolation should also be carried out based on the distance to the reinforcement axis.

FIRE SPREAD LIMIT

2.8. (Appendix 2, paragraph 1). Testing building structures for fire spread consists of determining the extent of damage to the structure due to its combustion outside the heating zone - in the control zone.

2.9. Damage is considered to be charring or burning of materials that can be detected visually, as well as melting of thermoplastic materials.

The limit of fire spread is taken to be the maximum size of damage (cm), determined according to the test procedure set out in appendix. 2 to SNiP II-2-80.

2.10. Structures made using combustible and non-combustible materials, usually without finishing or cladding, are tested for the spread of fire.

Structures made only from fireproof materials should be considered not to spread fire (the limit of fire spread through them should be taken equal to zero).

If, when testing for the spread of fire, the damage to structures in the control zone is no more than 5 cm, it should also be considered not to spread fire.

2.11: For a preliminary assessment of the fire spread limit, the following provisions can be used:

a) structures made of combustible materials have a fire spread limit horizontally (for horizontal structures - floors, coverings, beams, etc.) of more than 25 cm, and vertically (for vertical structures - walls, partitions, columns, etc.) .i.) - more than 40 cm;

b) structures made of combustible or hardly combustible materials, protected from fire and high temperatures by non-combustible materials, may have a horizontal fire spread limit of less than 25 cm, and a vertical limit of less than 40 cm, provided that the protective layer is in place during the entire test period (until the structure has completely cooled) will not warm up in the control zone to the ignition temperature or the beginning of intense thermal decomposition of the protected material. The structure may not spread fire provided that the outer layer, made of non-combustible materials, does not warm up in the heating zone to the ignition temperature or the beginning of intense thermal decomposition of the protected material during the entire test period (until the structure has completely cooled down);

c) in cases where a structure may have a different limit for the spread of fire when heated from different sides (for example, with an asymmetrical arrangement of layers in the enclosing structure), this limit is set according to its maximum value.

CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

2.12. The main parameters that influence the fire resistance limit of concrete and reinforced concrete structures are: the type of concrete, binder and filler; reinforcement class; type of construction; cross-sectional shape; element sizes; conditions for their heating; load magnitude and concrete moisture content.

2.13. The increase in temperature in the concrete cross-section of an element during a fire depends on the type of concrete, binder and fillers, and on the ratio of the surface affected by the flame to the cross-sectional area. Heavy concrete with silicate filler warms up faster than with carbonate filler. Lightweight and lightweight concretes warm up more slowly, the lower their density. The polymer binder, like the carbonate filler, reduces the rate of heating of concrete due to the decomposition reactions occurring in them, which consume heat.

Massive structural elements are better resistant to fire; the fire resistance limit of columns heated on four sides is less than the fire resistance limit of columns with one-sided heating; The fire resistance limit of beams when exposed to fire on three sides is less than the fire resistance limit of beams heated on one side.

2.14. The minimum dimensions of elements and distances from the axis of the reinforcement to the surfaces of the element are taken according to the tables of this section, but not less than those required by the chapter of SNiP I-21-75 “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures”.

2.15. The distance to the reinforcement axis and the minimum dimensions of elements to ensure the required fire resistance limit of structures depend on the type of concrete. Lightweight concrete has a thermal conductivity of 10-20%, and concrete with coarse carbonate filler is 5-10% less than heavy concrete with silicate filler. In this regard, the distance to the reinforcement axis for a structure made of lightweight concrete or heavy concrete with carbonate filler can be taken less than for structures made of heavy concrete with silicate filler with the same fire resistance limit for structures made from these concretes.

The values ​​of fire resistance limits given in table. 2-b, 8, refer to concrete with coarse silicate rock aggregate, as well as dense silicate concrete. When using carbonate rock filler, the minimum dimensions of both the cross-section and the distance from the axes of the reinforcement to the surface of the bending element can be reduced by 10%. For lightweight concrete, the reduction can be 20% at a concrete density of 1.2 t/m 3 and 30% for bending elements (see Tables 3, 5, 6, 8) at a concrete density of 0.8 t/m 3 and expanded clay perlite concrete with a density of 1.2 t/m 3.

2.16. During a fire, a protective layer of concrete protects the reinforcement from rapid heating and reaching its critical temperature, at which the fire resistance of the structure reaches its limit.

If the distance adopted in the project to the axis of the reinforcement is less than that required to ensure the required fire resistance limit of structures, it should be increased or additional thermal insulation coatings on the surfaces of element 1 exposed to fire. Thermal insulation coating made of lime-cement plaster (15 mm thick), gypsum plaster(10 mm) and vermiculite plaster or mineral fiber insulation (5 mm) is equivalent to an increase of 10 mm in the thickness of the heavy concrete layer. If the thickness of the protective layer of concrete is more than 40 mm for heavy concrete and 60 mm for lightweight concrete, the protective layer of concrete must have additional reinforcement on the fire side in the form of a reinforcement mesh with a diameter of 2.5-3 mm (cells 150X150 mm). Protective thermal insulation coatings with a thickness of more than 40 mm must also have additional reinforcement.

In table 2, 4-8 show the distances from the heated surface to the axis of the reinforcement (Fig. 1 and 2).

Rice. 1. Distances to the reinforcement axis Fig. 2. Average distance to wasps*

fittings

In cases where reinforcement is located at different levels, the average distance to the reinforcement axis a must be determined taking into account the areas of the reinforcement (L Lg, ..., L p) and the corresponding distances to the axes (оь а-1.....Qn), measured from the nearest heating

wash (bottom or side) surfaces of the element, according to the formula

. . . , . „ 2 Ai a (

L|0| -j~ LdOg ~f~ ■ . . +A p a p __ j°i_

L1+L2+L3 , . +L I 2 Ai

2.17. All steels reduce tensile or compressive strength

1 Additional thermal insulation coatings can be made in accordance with the “Recommendations for the use of fire retardant coatings for metal structures" - M.; Stroyizdat, 1984.

when heated. The degree of resistance reduction is greater for hardened high-strength steel reinforcing wires than for low-carbon steel reinforcement bars.

The fire resistance limit of bent and eccentrically compressed elements with a large eccentricity for loss of bearing capacity depends on the critical heating temperature of the reinforcement. The critical heating temperature of the reinforcement is the temperature at which the tensile or compression resistance decreases to the value of the stress arising in the reinforcement from the standard load.

2.18. Table 5-8 are compiled for reinforced concrete elements with non-prestressed and prestressed reinforcement under the assumption that the critical heating temperature of the reinforcement is 500°C. This corresponds to reinforcing steels classes A-I, A-N, A-1v, A-Shv, A-IV, At-IV, A-V, At-V. The difference in critical temperatures for other classes of reinforcement should be taken into account by multiplying those given in table. 5-8 fire resistance limits per factor<р, или деля приведенные в табл. 5-8 расстояния до осей арматуры на этот коэффициент. Значения <р следует принимать:

1. For floors and coverings made of prefabricated reinforced concrete flat slabs, solid and hollow-core, reinforced:

a) steel class A-III, equal to 1.2;

b) steels of classes A-VI, At-VI, At-VII, B-1, BP-I, equal to 0.9;

c) high-strength reinforcing wire of classes V-P, Vr-P or reinforcing ropes of class K-7, equal to 0.8.

2. For. floors and coverings made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs with longitudinal load-bearing ribs “down” and box section, as well as beams, crossbars and girders in accordance with the specified classes of reinforcement: a) (p = 1.1; b) q> => 0.95 ; c) av = 0.9.

2.19. For structures made of any type of concrete, the minimum requirements for structures made of heavy concrete with a fire resistance limit of 0.25 or 0.5 hours must be met.

2.20. Fire resistance limits of load-bearing structures in table. 2, 4-8 and in the text are given for complete standard loads with the ratio of the long-term part of the load G $or to the total load Veer equal to 1. If this ratio is 0.3, then the fire resistance limit increases by 2 times. For intermediate values ​​of G 8e r/V B er, the fire resistance limit is adopted by linear interpolation.

2.21. The fire resistance limit of reinforced concrete structures depends on their static operating pattern. The fire resistance limit of statically indeterminate structures is greater than the fire resistance limit of statically determinable structures, if the necessary reinforcement is available in the areas of negative moments. The increase in the fire resistance limit of statically indeterminate bendable reinforced concrete elements depends on the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the reinforcement above the support and in the span according to Table. 1.

The ratio of the area of ​​reinforcement above the support to the area of ​​reinforcement in the span

Increase in the fire resistance limit of a bendable statically indeterminate element, %. compared to the fire resistance limit of a statically determined element

Note. For intermediate area ratios, the increase in fire resistance limit is taken by interpolation.

The influence of static indetermination of structures on the fire resistance limit is taken into account if the following requirements are met:

a) at least 20% of the upper reinforcement required on the support must pass above the middle of the span;

b) the upper reinforcement above the outer supports of a continuous system must be inserted at a distance of at least 0.4/ in the direction of the span from the support and then gradually break off (/ - span length);

c) all upper reinforcement above the intermediate supports must continue to the span for at least 0.15/ and then gradually break off.

Flexible elements embedded on supports can be considered as continuous systems.

2.22. In table 2 shows the requirements for reinforced concrete columns made of heavy and light concrete. They include requirements for the size of columns exposed to fire on all sides, as well as those located in walls and heated on one side. In this case, dimension b applies only to columns whose heated surface is at the same level with the wall, or for part of the column protruding from the wall and bearing the load. It is assumed that there are no holes in the wall near the column in the direction of the minimum size b.

For columns of solid circular cross-section, their diameter should be taken as dimension b.

Columns with the parameters given in table. 2, have an eccentrically applied load or a load with a random eccentricity when reinforcing columns of no more than 3% of the cross-section of concrete, with the exception of joints.

The fire resistance limit of reinforced concrete columns with additional reinforcement in the form of welded transverse mesh installed in increments of no more than 250 mm should be taken according to table. 2, multiplying them by a factor of 1.5.

table 2

2.23. The fire resistance limit of non-load-bearing concrete and reinforced concrete partitions and their minimum thickness / n are given in table. 3. The minimum thickness of the partitions ensures that the temperature on the unheated surface of the concrete element will increase on average by no more than 160°C and will not exceed 220°C during a standard fire resistance test. When determining t n, additional protective coatings and plasters according to the instructions in paragraphs. 2.16 and 2.16.

Table 3

2.24. For load-bearing solid walls, the fire resistance limit, wall thickness t c and the distance to the reinforcement axis a are given in table. 4. These data apply to reinforced concrete centrally and eccentrically

compressed walls, provided that the total force is located in the middle third of the width of the cross section of the wall. In this case, the ratio of the height of the wall to its thickness should not exceed 20. For wall panels with platform support and thicknesses of at least 14 cm, the fire resistance limits should be taken according to table. 4, multiplying them by a factor of 1.5.

Table 4

The fire resistance of ribbed wall slabs should be determined by the thickness of the slabs. The ribs must be connected to the slab with clamps. The minimum dimensions of the ribs and the distance to the axes of the reinforcement in the ribs must meet the requirements for beams and given in table. 6 and 7.

External walls made of two-layer panels, consisting of an enclosing layer with a thickness of at least 24 cm made of large-porous expanded clay concrete class B2-B2.5 (HC = 0.6-0.9 t/m 3) and a load-bearing layer with a thickness of at least 10 cm, with compressive stresses in it no more than 5 MPa, have a fire resistance limit of 3.6 hours.

When used in wall panels or floors of combustible insulation, protection of this insulation around the perimeter with non-combustible material should be provided during manufacture, installation or installation.

Walls made of three-layer panels, consisting of two ribbed reinforced concrete slabs and insulation, made of fireproof or fire-resistant mineral wool or fiberboard slabs with a total cross-sectional thickness of 25 cm, have a fire resistance limit of at least 3 hours.

External non-load-bearing and self-supporting walls made of three-layer solid panels (GOST 17078-71 as amended), consisting of outer (at least 50 mm thick) and internal reinforced concrete layers and a middle layer of combustible insulation (PSB foam plastic according to GOST 15588-70 as amended) . etc.), have a fire resistance limit with a total cross-sectional thickness of 15-22 cm for at least 1 hour. For similar load-bearing walls with a connection of layers metal bonds with a total thickness of 25 cm,

with internal load-bearing layer from reinforced concrete M 200 with compressive stresses in it no more than 2.5 MPa and a thickness of 10 cm or M 300 with compressive stresses in it no more than 10 MPa and a thickness of 14 cm, the fire resistance limit is 2.5 hours.

The fire spread limit for these structures is zero.

2.25. For tensile elements, fire resistance limits, cross-sectional width b and distance to the reinforcement axis a are given in Table. 5. These data apply to tensile elements of trusses and arches with non-prestressed and prestressed reinforcement, heated from all sides. The total cross-sectional area of ​​the concrete element must be at least 2b 2 Mi R, where b min is the corresponding size for b, given in table. 5.

Table 5

Type of concrete

]Minimum cross-sectional width b and distance to the reinforcement axis a

Minimum dimensions of reinforced concrete tensile elements, mm, with fire resistance limits, h

(y" = 1.2 t/m 3)

2.26. For statically determined simply supported beams heated on three sides, fire resistance limits, beam width b and distances to the reinforcement axis a, flu. (Fig. 3) are given for heavy concrete in table. 6 and for light (y in = 1.2 t/m 3) in Table 7.

When heated on one side, the fire resistance limit of beams is taken according to table. 8 as for slabs.

For beams with inclined sides, the width b should be measured at the center of gravity of the tensile reinforcement (see Fig. 3).

When determining the fire resistance limit, holes in the beam flanges may not be taken into account if the remaining cross-sectional area in the tension zone is not less than 2v2,

To prevent concrete spalling in the ribs of the beams, the distance between the clamp and the surface should not be more than 0.2 of the rib width.

Minimum distance from

Rice. Reinforcement of beams and

distance to the axis of the element surface reinforcement to the axis

of any reinforcement bar must be no less than required (Table 6) for a fire resistance limit of 0.5 hours and no less than half a.

Table b

With a fire resistance limit of 2 hours or more, simply supported I-beams with a distance between the centers of gravity of the flanges of more than 120 cm must have end thickenings equal to the width of the beam.

For I-beams in which the ratio of the flange width to the wall width (see Fig. 3) b/b w is greater than 2, it is necessary to install transverse reinforcement in the rib. If the ratio b/b w is greater than 1.4, the distance to the axis of the reinforcement should be increased to 0.85аУл/bxa. For bjb v > 3, use the table. 6 and 7 are not allowed.

In beams with large shearing forces, which are perceived by clamps installed near the outer surface of the element, distance a (Tables 6 and 7) also applies to clamps provided they are located in zones where the calculated value of tensile stresses is greater than 0.1 of the compressive strength of concrete . When determining the fire resistance limit of statically indeterminate beams, the instructions of clause 2.21 are taken into account.

Table 7

The fire resistance limit of beams made of reinforced polymer concrete based on furfural acetone monomer with &=|160 mm and a = 45 mm, a>= 25 mm, reinforced with steel of class A-III, is 1 hour.

2.27. For simply supported slabs, the fire resistance limit, slab thickness /, distance to the reinforcement axis a are given in Table. 8.

The minimum thickness of the slab t ensures the heating requirement: the temperature on the unheated surface adjacent to the floor will, on average, increase by no more than 160°C and will not exceed 220°C. Backfills and floors made of non-combustible materials combine into the total thickness of the slab and increase its fire resistance. Combustible insulation materials laid on cement preparation do not reduce the fire resistance limit of the slabs and can be used. Additional layers of plaster can be attributed to the thickness of the slabs.

The effective thickness of a hollow-core slab for assessing fire resistance is determined by dividing the cross-sectional area of ​​the slab, minus the void areas, by its width.

When determining the fire resistance limit of statically indeterminate slabs, clause 2.21 is taken into account. In this case, the thickness of the slabs and the distances to the axis of the reinforcement must correspond to those given in table. 8.

Fire resistance limits of multi-hollow structures, including those with voids.

located across the span, and ribbed panels and decking with ribs up should be taken according to table. 8, multiplying them by a factor of 0.9.

The fire resistance limits for heating two-layer slabs of light and heavy concrete and the required layer thickness are given in Table. 9.

Table 8

Table 9

If all the reinforcement is located at the same level, the distance to the axis of the reinforcement from the side surface of the slabs must be no less than the thickness of the layer given in tables b and 7.

2.28. In case of fire and fire tests of structures, spalling of concrete may be observed if it high humidity, which, as a rule, can be in structures immediately after their manufacture or during operation in rooms with high relative humidity. In this case, a calculation should be made according to the “Recommendations for the protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from brittle destruction in a fire” (M, Stroyizdat, 1979). If necessary, use the protective measures specified in these Recommendations or perform control tests.

2.29. During control tests, the fire resistance of reinforced concrete structures should be determined at a concrete moisture content corresponding to its humidity under operating conditions. If the moisture content of concrete under operating conditions is unknown, then it is recommended to test the reinforced concrete structure after storing it in a room with a relative air humidity of 60 ± 15% and a temperature of 20 ± 10 ° C for 1 year. To ensure the operational humidity of concrete, before testing structures, it is allowed to dry them at an air temperature not exceeding 60°C.

STONE STRUCTURES

2.30. Fire resistance limits stone structures are given in table. 10.

2.31. If in column b of table. 10 indicates that the fire resistance limit of masonry structures is determined by the II limit state; it should be assumed that the I limit state of these structures does not occur earlier than II.

1 Walls and partitions made of solid and hollow ceramic and silicate bricks and stones in accordance with GOST 379-79. 7484-78, 530-80

Walls made of natural, lightweight concrete and gypsum stones, lightweight brickwork filled with lightweight concrete, fireproof or fire-resistant thermal insulation materials

Table 10

Also one of the signs is the financial source from which benefits are paid are different: 1

a) centralized off-budget funds for compulsory social insurance (FSS of Russia, Pension Fund of Russia). The funds are generated from insurance contributions paid by employers, individual entrepreneurs, lawyers, and so on. Insurance premium rates are differentiated taking into account the likelihood of insurance risks occurring. Essentially they are components unified social tax;

b) budget allocations (federal, regional, municipal);

c) employer funds in the event that the payment of benefits as a measure of additional support for employees is provided for in agreements, collective agreements, or an employment contract between the employee and the employer.

The legislative enshrinement of the benefit indicates the normative establishment of this payment. 1 Benefits can be established not only in federal, regional and municipal legislation, but also at the level of organizations and enterprises in local regulations (collective agreements). However, for various reasons, the local form of securing benefits is not used by employers in most cases. In accordance with Article 12 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, local government bodies are not included in the system of government bodies. Consequently, benefits paid by municipal authorities from local budgets should not be included in the system of social benefits. The same applies to benefits that are established on the basis of an agreement, collective or labor contract between the employee and the employer and are paid at the expense of the latter. Therefore, benefits paid within the framework of municipal and local forms of social security cannot be classified as social (state) benefits, but they are included in the system of benefits for Russian law social security and can be considered as additional.

The dependence of the right to benefits or to receive them in a certain amount on participation in labor or other socially useful activities. To understand this feature, it is necessary to consider the legislation on state benefits for citizens with children. The Federal Law of May 19, 1995 “On state benefits for citizens with children” 2 from January 1, 2007 granted foreign citizens and stateless persons temporarily residing in Russia the right to receive state benefits for children only if they are compulsory social insurance. Maternity benefits are currently paid only to working women (subject to compulsory social insurance), contract military personnel, and full-time students in institutions of all levels of vocational education. At the same time, women who were dismissed due to the liquidation of organizations or termination of activities by individuals as individual entrepreneurs, termination of powers by private notaries, etc., are also entitled to this benefit - within 12 months preceding the day they were recognized as unemployed in the prescribed manner. Also, maternity benefits are assigned to women whose maternity leave began within a month after dismissal from work for some valid reasons (the husband’s transfer to work in another area, moving to the husband’s place of residence; an illness that prevents the continuation of work or living in a given area; the need to care for a sick family member or a disabled person of group 1).

As a general rule, the amount of the benefit does not depend on the length of a woman’s insurance experience and is set in the amount of her average monthly earnings (scholarship, allowance), with the exception of one category of women - women who do not have six months of insurance experience.

The current legislation does not contain a uniform procedure for assigning benefits and provides for several methods for this.

1) Determination of the amount of benefits based on the firm (basic) amount. Thus, the amounts of those benefits are determined that, in their own way, intended purpose must compensate for additional expenses and are paid along with other sources of income (earnings, pension, etc.), a lump sum benefit on the occasion of the birth of a child, a funeral benefit and others.

For a long time, the minimum wage (minimum wage) was used as the base amount for determining the size of social benefits. For example, the amount of benefits for citizens with children was established as follows: a one-time benefit on the occasion of the birth of a child - 15 minimum wages, a benefit for the period of leave to care for a child up to one and a half years - 2 minimum wages monthly, a benefit for a child up to sixteen years of age - 70% of the minimum wage monthly, etc. But since the minimum wage was very low, the Federal Law “On the procedure for establishing the amounts of scholarships and social payments in the Russian Federation” stipulated that the amounts of scholarships, benefits and other mandatory social payments in Russian Federation, determined in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation depending on the minimum wage, are established in fixed amounts (in monetary terms).

At the same time, the minimum amounts of scholarships, benefits and other mandatory social payments are established annually by federal law.

2) Determination of the amount of benefits based on the subsistence level. For certain types of benefits, the law directly provides for determining their size based on the subsistence level. These are benefits that are provided in order to provide at least some source of livelihood in the absence of earnings or other income. Thus, the amount of unemployment benefits can be 20, 30 or 40% of the subsistence minimum accrued in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the prescribed manner.

3) Determination of the amount of benefits based on the earnings of the benefit recipient. Thus, the amounts of those benefits are determined that, according to their intended purpose, are intended to replace (in whole or in part) the temporarily lost earnings of the recipient of this benefit. These benefits include: temporary disability benefits, which are set in the amount of 60 to 100% of the average earnings of the benefit recipient; maternity benefit, which is assigned in the amount of the average earnings (cash allowance, stipend) of a woman during her maternity leave; Unemployment benefits for citizens who, in the last 12 months before being recognized as unemployed, have worked at least 26 calendar weeks of full-time work, assigned in the amount of 75 to 45% of the benefit recipient’s earnings.

The procedure and conditions for the appointment and payment of these state benefits are established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to the extent not specified by Federal Law No. 81-FZ 1. The procedure for providing the information necessary for the appointment and payment of a one-time benefit to the pregnant wife of a military serviceman undergoing military service on conscription, and a monthly benefit for the child of a military serviceman undergoing military service on conscription, to citizens entitled to receive these benefits, as well as to the authorities carrying out the appointment and payment of these benefits is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Features of calculation and amounts of benefits in the Russian Federation

For 2015, the indexation rate was 5.5%. In 2015, the benefit amounts are as follows:

1. a one-time benefit for women who register with a antenatal clinic in the early stages of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks) is 543.67 rubles + regional coefficient;

2. maternity benefit is 100% of average earnings for 70 days before and 70 days after the birth of a child (the maximum amount of the average daily benefit is 1632.88 rubles);

3. one-time benefit for the birth of a child is 14,497.80 rubles + regional coefficient;

4. monthly allowance for child care up to 1.5 years old is 40% of average earnings;

The minimum monthly allowance for child care up to 1.5 years old (everyone receives it, including unemployed people) - for the first child 2,718.34 rubles + regional coefficient; for the second and subsequent children 5436.67 rubles + regional coefficient;

5. funeral benefit - no more than 5277.28 rubles + regional coefficient.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 276-FZ of December 29, 2012, from January 1, 2013, the average daily earnings for calculating maternity benefits and monthly child care benefits are determined by dividing the amount of accrued earnings for the 2 previous calendar years by the number calendar days in this period, with the exception of calendar days falling within the following periods:

1) periods of temporary disability, maternity leave, parental leave;

2) the period of release of the employee from work with full or partial retention of wages in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, if insurance contributions to the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation are paid for the retained wages for this period in accordance with Federal Law dated July 24, 2009 No. 212-FZ 1 were not awarded.

The maximum amount of temporary disability benefits due to an industrial accident or occupational disease in 2015 for a full calendar month is 261,320.00 rubles.

The maximum size of a one-time insurance payment for compulsory social insurance against accidents at work and occupational diseases in 2015 is 84,964.20 rubles.

The maximum monthly insurance payment for compulsory social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases in 2015 is 65,330.00 rubles.

A one-time payment in the event of the loss of a breadwinner due to an industrial accident or occupational disease in 2015 is 1,000,000.00 rubles.

In the first paragraph of this chapter, we studied the concept and characteristics of benefits in the Russian Federation. The second paragraph reveals methods for determining the amount of benefits. In the third paragraph, we reveal the features of calculation and amounts of benefits in the Russian Federation. Having studied the theoretical material, we can conclude that social benefits - These are cash payments assigned to those persons who need them monthly, periodically or one-time, the intended purpose of which is to provide those in need with maintenance during the period of their lack of income or to provide additional material assistance in any cases.

CURRENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON BENEFITS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Problems of legislation on benefits in the Russian Federation

The first problem is the insufficiency of the amount of benefits to be paid by the state and other bodies authorized to pay the citizen. The amount of benefits does not correspond to the intended purpose and is insufficient to meet certain needs. In life, there are often cases when a citizen needs support from the state. An example is the benefit for birth of a child, which, taking into account indexation for 2015, is only 14,497.80 rubles. However, this amount of benefit is not enough, since at birth there are a lot of costs for purchasing a stroller, crib, clothes, diapers, formula and other necessary needs. Also, the woman is unable to work during this period. In connection with this, the amount of cash payments is low. The amount of benefits is often not commensurate with the financial hardship and costs experienced by the recipient.

As an example, we can cite a one-time funeral benefit, the amount of which from January 1, 2015 is 5,227 rubles 28 kopecks + regional coefficient. However, organizing a funeral includes a large number of costs, including: transporting the body of the deceased to the cemetery, purchasing and delivering a coffin, purchasing a tombstone, memorial wreaths and other expenses. Therefore, the amount paid as a benefit is not sufficient to compensate for all expenses incurred.

Ways to solve the problems found in the legislation on social security benefits

The previous paragraph lists some of the problems with government benefits legislation. Next, possible solutions to the above problems will be proposed.

To solve the fourth problem, I consider it necessary to introduce informing citizens about obtaining relevant information through television, radio, and the media. I also think it is possible to organize the distribution of leaflets, which will also inform citizens.

CONCLUSION

System state benefits in Russia in recent years has undergone significant changes due to socio-economic transformations in the country, which have led to profound changes in all areas public life- in economics, politics, social structure of society.

As a result of the study, the concept of state benefits as a type of social security, their classification and general characteristics of the types of state benefits were defined.

In conclusion, I would like to once again expand on the concept of state social benefits: these are cash payments that are assigned to citizens monthly, periodically or at a time with the aim of providing them with maintenance during the period of their lack of earnings or providing additional material assistance in cases established by the state as socially significant, regardless of the availability of from any sources of income in the manner and amount provided by law.

Unlike pensions, which are a permanent and main source of livelihood, benefits are usually assistance that temporarily replaces lost earnings or serves as a supplement to the main source of livelihood.

In the first chapter, the history of the development of benefits in the Russian Federation was studied, a general description of benefits in the Russian Federation was given, and the classification of benefits in the Russian Federation was also studied.

To summarize, we can say that benefits are classified as follows: by purpose: benefits that compensate for earnings, benefits that are paid to provide additional financial assistance, benefits paid for a period of lack of earnings or other income; By duration of payment: one-time benefits, monthly benefits, periodic benefits; depending on the source of funds at the expense of which benefits are issued: paid at the expense of the centralized extra-budgetary Social Insurance Funds of the Russian Federation, paid at the expense of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, paid at the expense of budgets of all levels; by type of social security: benefits for compulsory social insurance, benefits for state social assistance. Depending on the contingent of recipient citizens: benefits for workers and benefits for both workers and those who do not have earnings.

The second chapter reveals the concept and main types of benefits in the Russian Federation, analyzes methods for determining the amount of benefits, and also examines the features of calculation and amounts of benefits in the Russian Federation.

Let us list them once again: temporary disability benefits; benefits for citizens with children; benefits for citizens from among orphans; unemployment benefit; one-time benefit to citizens in the event of a post-vaccination complication; one-time benefit to citizens recruited to fight terrorism; monthly allowance for spouses of military personnel serving under contract; one-time and monthly benefits to citizens who served in military service upon dismissal from military service; benefit not burial.

In the third chapter, on the basis of theoretical material, legislation on the issue relating to the appointment and payment of social benefits is studied, problems of legislation on benefits in the Russian Federation at the present time are identified and, accordingly, possible ways to solve problems of legislation on social security benefits related to social benefits are developed.

The study revealed the following problems in Russian legislation on benefits.

The first problem is the insufficiency of the amount of benefits to be paid by the state and other bodies authorized to pay the citizen. The amount of benefits does not correspond to the intended purpose and is insufficient to meet certain needs.

Thus, the second problem is a significant defect in regional legislation - the lack of a uniform interpretation of the categories that determine the status of social security recipients, which gives rise to different levels of social protection of families living in different regions Russian Federation. Eliminating discrepancies between basic concepts in legislation on social security for families with children is extremely important, given that this area of ​​legislative activity is the joint responsibility of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities.

I consider the third problem to be the complexity of the process of receiving and applying for benefits; it lies in the fact that:

This procedure requires the collection of a large number of different papers (including a birth certificate, certificates of residence, place of work, study, and others);

There is no uniform approach among specialists; it often happens in practice that specialists have different positions when accepting documents;

When submitting documents, there is a large number of people present, and accordingly, a queue is created and to obtain the benefit you need to spend, at best, 2-3 hours.

Another problem is the low level of legal awareness of citizens. A citizen may have the right to receive a certain type of benefit, however, due to lack of awareness, do not apply for its registration.

To solve the first problem, I think it is possible to develop a legal act regulating the fund for the allocation of funds from the regional and federal budgets.

To solve the second problem, I consider it necessary to create a uniform interpretation of the categories that determine the status of social security recipients.

To solve the third problem, I think it is possible:

Increase the validity period of certificates from 10 days (as a general rule) to 30 days;

Adopt a single act that will regulate the uniform approach of specialists when accepting documents;

I think it is possible to create electronic system registration of citizens, which will help reduce queues.

To solve the fourth task, I consider it necessary to introduce informing citizens about obtaining relevant information through television, radio, and the media. I also think it is possible to organize the distribution of leaflets, which will also inform citizens.

Summing up, we can conclude that it is necessary to pay attention to the legal regulation of benefits in the Russian Federation, to attract as many citizens of the Russian Federation as possible, including students, teachers and legislators, to identify problems in this area, and therefore to ways solutions to these shortcomings.

All our tasks have been completed, the goal of the work has been achieved.

LIST OF SOURCES USED

Regulations

1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: declaration adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948 // Russian gas. – 1995. – 05.04. – No. 67.

2. European Social Charter (revised): convention of the Council of Europe of May 3, 1996 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2000. – April. – No. 4. pp. 17-67.

3. European Convention on Social Security: ETS of December 14, 1972 No. 78 // Bulletin of International Treaties. - 1977. – 01.03.

5. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (part three): federal. Law of November 26, 2001 No. 146-FZ // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2001. – 03.12. – St. 4552.

6. Labor Code of the Russian Federation: federal. Law of December 30, 2001 No. 197-FZ // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2001. – 07.01. – No. 1 (part 1). Art. 3.

7. On state benefits for citizens with children: federal. Law of the Russian Federation of May 19, 1995 No. 81-FZ (as amended on April 6, 2015) // Russian newspaper. – 1995. - 24.05. - №99.

8. On compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with maternity: federal. Law of December 29, 2006 No. 255-FZ // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2007. – 01.01. – No. 1 (1 hour). Art. 18.

9. On immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases: federal law of September 17, 1998 No. 157-FZ (as amended on April 6, 2015) // Russian newspaper. - 1998. - 22.09. - No. 181.

10. On the status of military personnel: federal. Law of May 27, 1998 No. 76-FZ // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1998. – 01.06. – No. 22. Art. 2331.

11. About burial and funeral business: federal. Law of January 12, 1996 No. 8-FZ // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1996. – 15.01. – No. 3. Art. 146.

12. On employment of the population in the Russian Federation: Law of the Russian Federation of April 19, 1991 No. 1032-1 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation - 1996. - 22.04. – No. 17. Art. 1915.

13. On preventing the spread of the disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus in the Russian Federation: federation. Law of March 30, 1995 No. 38-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1995. – 03.04. – No. 14. Art. 1212.

14. On the basics of compulsory social insurance: federal. Law of July 16, 1999 No. 165-FZ // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1999. – 19.07. – No. 29. Art. 3686.

15. On the procedure for establishing the amount of scholarships and social benefits in the Russian Federation: federal. Law of July 7, 2000 No. 122-FZ // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2000. – 14.08. – No. 33. Art. 3348.

16. On the amounts of minimum and maximum unemployment benefits for 2014: post. Government of the Russian Federation dated October 30, 2013 No. 973 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2013. – 11.11. – No. 45. Art. 5809.

17. On approval of clarifications on the procedure for paying for the period of temporary disability of citizens recognized as unemployed in the established manner, and the extension of payment of unemployment benefits in the event of illness of the unemployed: post. Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated October 9, 1998 No. 40 // Bulletin of normative acts of federal executive authorities. – 1998. – 15.12. – No. 237.

19. On approval of the Procedure and conditions for the appointment and payment of state benefits to citizens with children: order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated December 23, 2009 No. 1012n // Russian gas. – 2010. – 27.01. – No. 15.

20. On approval of the form of a certificate of incapacity for work: order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated April 26, 2011 No. 347n // Russian gas. – 2011. – 22.06. – No. 132.

21. On approval of the Procedure for payment by the Federal Security Service of a one-time allowance for compensation for harm caused to the life and health of persons with their participation in the fight against terrorism: order of the FSB of the Russian Federation dated June 25, 2008 No. 304 // Bulletin of normative acts of federal executive authorities. – 2008. – 28.07. – No. 30.

Literature

22. Galaganov V.P. Social security law. – M.: KNORUS, 2010. – 512 p.

23. Gasanova, K. K., Social security law: a textbook for university students studying in the specialty “Jurisprudence” / K. K. Gasanova, R. A. Kubarova, S. I. Ozozhenko - M.: Yunti-Dana, 2014. – 439 p.

25. Gusov K.N., Social security law in Russia: textbook / K.N. Gusov, M.O. Buyanova. - M.: Prospekt, 2011. – 640 p.

26. Ershov V. A., Social security law: tutorial/ V. A. Ershov, I. A. Tolmachev. - M.: GrossMedia, 2009. – 289 p.

27. Machulskaya, E. E., Social security law: textbook and workshop / E. E. Machulskaya, K. V. Dobromyslov - M.: Book World, 2010. – 416 p.

28. Prokopov F., Efficiency of the unemployment benefit system / F. Prokopov - M.: Man and Labor, 2009. – 201 p.

29. Suleymanova, G. V., Social security law: a textbook for bachelors / G. V. Suleymanova - M.: Yurayt, 2013. – 574 p.

30. Tolmachev, A. P., Social security law: lecture notes / A. P. Tolmachev - M.: A-Prior, 2009. – 208 p.

31. Kholostova, E. I., Social work: a textbook for bachelors / E. I. Kholstova - M.: Dashkov and K, 2012. – 612 p.

32. Sharkov, F. I., Fundamentals of a social state: textbook / F. I. Sharkov - M.: Dashkov and K, 2012. – 314 p. Sharonov A.O., On some aspects of social policy / A.O. Sharonov - M.: Economist, 2008. – 312 p.

Periodicals

33. Klimova, M. Average earnings, including vacation pay and sick leave, - according to the new / M. Klimova // Russian newspaper. – 2011. – September 5. P. 27

34. Mironov, V. Unemployment benefits will increase to the subsistence level / V. Mironov // Russian newspaper. – 2014. – April 24. S. 4

35. Gritsyuk, M. Benefits to the maximum / M. Gritsyuk // Russian newspaper. – 2013. – March 15. S. 8.

Annex 1

Appendix 2

Before sending an electronic appeal to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, please read the rules of operation of this interactive service set out below.

1. Electronic applications within the sphere of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, filled out in accordance with the attached form, are accepted for consideration.

2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.

3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry ensures objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Review of electronic appeals is free of charge.

4. In accordance with Federal Law No. 59-FZ dated May 2, 2006 “On the procedure for considering appeals from citizens of the Russian Federation,” electronic appeals are registered within three days and sent depending on the content to structural units Ministries. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the relevant body or the relevant official whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.

5. Electronic appeal is not considered if:
- absence of the applicant’s surname and name;
- indication of an incomplete or unreliable postal address;
- the presence of obscene or offensive expressions in the text;
- the presence in the text of a threat to the life, health and property of an official, as well as members of his family;
- using a non-Cyrillic keyboard layout or only capital letters when typing;
- absence of punctuation marks in the text, presence of incomprehensible abbreviations;
- the presence in the text of a question to which the applicant has already been given a written answer on the merits in connection with previously sent appeals.

6. The response to the applicant is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.

7. When considering an appeal, disclosure of information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to privacy citizen, without his consent. Information about applicants’ personal data is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements of Russian legislation on personal data.

8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and presented to the leadership of the Ministry for information. Answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections “for residents” and “for specialists”

Classification and types of benefits

Classification of state benefits:

By purpose:

• · benefits paid as compensation for earnings lost for good reason (pregnancy and childbirth, temporary disability);
• · benefits paid to a. as additional financial assistance to cover one-time additional expenses (on the occasion of the birth of a child, for burial); c) benefits paid as a means of subsistence during the period of lack of earnings (unemployment benefits);

According to the circle of persons entitled to benefits:

• benefits for citizens with children
• benefits for the unemployed
• · benefits for temporarily disabled citizens
• · benefits for forced migrants
• benefits for orphans
• · benefits for persons with official refugee status
• · benefits for spouses of military personnel serving under contract
• · benefits for citizens involved in the fight against terrorism
• · other benefits

By payment term:

• · one-time (on the occasion of the birth of a child, for funeral, etc.)
• · monthly (for child care up to one and a half years old, for a child up to 16 years old, for unemployment)
• · periodic (for pregnancy and childbirth, for temporary disability)

By source of payment:

• benefits paid from the federal budget
• · benefits paid at the expense of the state extra-budgetary Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation
• · benefits paid at the expense of the extra-budgetary Pension Fund of the Russian Federation

Methods for determining benefit amounts

The benefit amount is a fixed (basic) amount. Previously, the minimum wage was used to determine the basic amount of social payments; Currently, it is set as a fixed amount, since the minimum wage is very low.

The amount of the benefit depends on the cost of living. The purpose of such benefits is to provide some source of livelihood based on the subsistence level.

The amount of the benefit depends on the recipient's earnings. The purpose of such benefits is to partially or completely replace the lost earnings of the benefit recipient (temporary disability benefits - 60-100% of average earnings; maternity benefits - 100% of average earnings; unemployment benefits - 45-75% average earnings of the benefit recipient).

General characteristics of the most significant types of benefits in the Russian social security system.

Temporary disability benefits

Temporary disability benefit is a sum of money paid to compensate for lost earnings to persons who are recognized as temporarily disabled, i.e. unable to perform their duties for a relatively short period of time.1

Reasons for payment of temporary disability benefits: illness (injury) associated with loss of ability to work; Spa treatment; need to care for a family member; quarantine; temporary transfer to another job due to tuberculosis or any occupational disease; prosthetics with placement in the hospital of a prosthetic and orthopedic enterprise.

The basis for the appointment and payment of temporary disability benefits is the availability of a certificate of temporary disability - sick leave (in some cases, a certificate of the established form).

Temporary disability benefits are paid if temporary disability occurs during the period of work (including the day of dismissal).

In the case of a domestic injury, temporary disability benefits are issued from the sixth day of loss of incapacity.

In case of injury as a result of a natural disaster (earthquake, flood, etc.), benefits are issued for the entire period of incapacity for work.

In the event of temporary incapacity for work while on annual (main or additional) paid leave, the benefit is issued for the entire period of release from work.

For working disabled people, benefits are paid for four consecutive months or five months in a calendar year.

In the event of temporary incapacity for work while traveling to the place of work, if during this time the employee had the right to wages, or daily allowance, or payment of moving expenses, the benefit is issued for the entire period of release from work.

Temporary disability benefits during sanatorium-resort treatment are issued if the employee’s annual (main and additional) leave is not enough for treatment and travel to the sanatorium and back and if the voucher is issued at the expense of social insurance funds (for working disabled people of the Great Patriotic War) Patriotic War I and II degrees and other disabled people of I and II degrees equal to them in terms of benefits, it does not matter at whose expense the voucher was issued).

The benefit is issued for the entire period of sanatorium-resort (outpatient-resort) treatment, taking into account the time for travel to the sanatorium and back, but minus annual leave employee.

Temporary disability benefits for the need to care for a family member are paid if the lack of this care threatens the life and health of a family member and if it is impossible to admit the patient to a hospital if there are objective indications, and there is no other person among the family members who can care for the patient. To the mother of a sick child under two years of age, this benefit is paid regardless of the presence of another family member capable of caring for the sick child.

The benefit is issued for no more than three calendar days, an exception is made only in case of high severity of the disease, but for no more than seven calendar days in total.

Benefit for temporary disability, for caring for a child up to seven years old during outpatient treatment. Issued for the entire period of the disease; for a child aged seven to 15 years - for 15 days, unless a longer period is required medical indications(in this case, the benefit is paid based on the conclusion clinical expert commission that the child cannot take care of himself or herself during the illness).

An employee who is primarily or additional leave, on parental leave, on unpaid leave, temporary disability benefits for caring for a sick family member are not issued.

Temporary disability benefits during quarantine are issued if the employee was suspended from performing his duties according to the conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological service authorities due to a contagious disease of those around him.

Temporary disability benefits due to tuberculosis or an occupational disease are paid when an employee is transferred for medical reasons to a lower-paid job. This transfer is carried out if the employee is recognized as temporarily disabled at his job, but has the physical ability to perform other work, based on the conclusion of the attending physician or a clinical expert commission. The temporary disability benefit in this case is calculated according to the general rules, but in combination with the expected earnings at the new job, it should not exceed the amount of full earnings before the transfer. If the employee was not transferred to a new job within the specified period due to the fault of the employer, the latter is obliged to pay for the missed days. Transfer to another job is carried out with the consent of the employee.

Temporary disability benefits for prosthetics with placement in the hospital of a prosthetic and orthopedic enterprise are issued for the entire time spent in the hospital and for the time of travel to the hospital and back. To determine the amount of benefits for temporary disability, the minimum wage is applied - 1100 rubles. per month (since May 1, 2006).

The amount of temporary disability benefits is calculated as follows:

• 1. In the case of time-based wages (monthly salary, daily or hourly tariff rate), to calculate the amount of benefits, the monthly salary (official or personal), daily or hourly tariff rate is taken into account, taking into account constant additional payments and allowances received on the day of the onset of incapacity, and the average monthly ( average daily, average hourly) premium amounts.
• 2. When piecework payment labor benefits are calculated from average earnings for the last two calendar months preceding the 1st day of the month in which the incapacity for work occurred, with the addition of the average monthly amount of bonuses to each month.

The amount of temporary disability benefits depends on a number of the following factors:

• reasons for temporary disability
• · duration of continuous work experience of the employee
• · social category of worker

Special rules for calculating benefits apply to certain categories of employees. The benefit is assigned and paid at the employee’s main place of work, i.e. where the work book is located. Temporary disability benefits are paid if the person entitled to it applies for it no later than six months from the date of restoration of working capacity.

The benefit is assigned and paid by the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation (except for cases when the benefit is paid from the employer’s funds); Responsibility for these procedures lies with the administration of the enterprise in the person of the chief accountant and manager.

The concept of unemployment benefits, payment procedure

Unemployment benefit is a monthly cash payment for the purpose of material support for persons recognized as unemployed. In accordance with Art. 3 of the Law of the Russian Federation of April 19, 1991 No. 1032-1 “On employment of the population in the Russian Federation”, the unemployed are able-bodied citizens who do not have work and income, are registered with the employment service for the purpose of searching suitable job, are looking for a job and are ready to start it.

Benefits for unemployed citizens dismissed for any reason are established as a percentage of average earnings calculated over the last three months at their last place of work, if citizens, during the 12 months preceding the start of unemployment, had paid work for at least 26 calendar weeks on the terms full working day (week), recalculated into 26 calendar weeks with a full working day (week).

Unemployment benefits in all other cases, including for citizens seeking work for the first time (who have not previously worked); seeking to renew labor activity after a long (more than one year) break; dismissed from organizations due to at will(except for dismissal due to moving to a new place of residence in another area, due to the need to care for group I disabled people or sick family members, etc.); dismissed for violation of labor discipline or other guilty actions provided for by law; dismissed for any reason during the 12 months preceding the start of unemployment, and who had work during this period for less than a period of 26 calendar weeks, as well as citizens sent by the employment service for training and expelled for guilty actions, is established in a multiple ratio to the minimum amount of the benefit on unemployment.

For citizens living in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas, as well as in areas and localities where regional coefficients are applied to wages, unemployment benefits, established in the amount of the minimum amount of unemployment benefits, are increased by the size of the regional coefficient.

Citizens exposed to radiation as a result of radiation accidents and disasters and recognized as unemployed in accordance with the established procedure are paid an additional benefit in addition to unemployment benefits (for citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster, the 1957 accident.

The minimum and maximum amounts of unemployment benefits are determined annually by the Government of the Russian Federation. For citizens dismissed from organizations at their own request and recognized as unemployed, unemployment benefits are accrued:

In the first six-month payment period - in the amount of one and a half times the minimum amount of unemployment benefits, increased by the size of the regional coefficient, in the second six-month payment period - in the amount of the minimum amount of unemployment benefits, increased by the size of the regional coefficient.

This benefit is paid to citizens recognized as unemployed from the first day of establishment of this legal fact. The decision to grant unemployment benefits is made simultaneously with the decision to recognize a citizen as unemployed.

Each unemployment benefit payment period cannot exceed 12 months in the aggregate within 18 calendar months, except as otherwise provided by law. Citizens dismissed from organizations due to their liquidation or reduction in the number or staff of workers and recognized as unemployed, but not employed during the period during which their wages are maintained at their last place of work (including severance pay), unemployment benefits are accrued from the first day of the specified period.

For citizens looking for work for the first time (who have not previously worked); those seeking to resume work after a long (more than one year) break; dismissed from organizations at their own request (with the exception of persons dismissed at their own request for good reasons); dismissed for violation of labor discipline or other illegal actions provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation; dismissed from organizations for any reason during the 12 months preceding the start of unemployment, and who had paid work for less than 26 calendar weeks during this period, as well as for citizens sent by the employment service for training and expelled for guilty actions, each period of payment of unemployment benefits cannot exceed six months in total within 12 calendar months. The total period for payment of unemployment benefits cannot exceed 24 calendar months in total for 36 calendar months.

Unemployment benefits are paid monthly, subject to the unemployed re-registration within the time limits established by the employment service, but not more than twice a month. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and bodies local government may establish longer terms for the payment of unemployment benefits or provide conditions for extending their payment within the framework of approved target programs at the expense of the relevant budgets.

Exist following conditions extension of unemployment benefits:

The total period for payment of unemployment benefits cannot exceed 24 calendar months in total for 36 calendar months. Citizens who have not reached the age required for an old-age pension on a general basis (60 years for men and 55 years for women) and who have an insurance period of at least 25 (men) and 20 years (women), as well as the required length of service in the relevant types of work, giving them the right to early assignment of an old-age pension; the duration of the period for payment of unemployment benefits increases beyond the established 12 months by two calendar weeks for each year of work exceeding the insurance period of the specified duration.

No earlier than two years before the age entitling them to an old-age retirement pension, citizens dismissed due to the liquidation of an organization or a reduction in the number or staff of employees may, with their consent, be assigned a pension for this period at the proposal of the employment service authorities in the event of impossibility of employment . A reduction in the amount of unemployment benefits by 25.% for a period of up to one month is possible in the following cases: failure to appear without good reason for a meeting with the employer within three days from the date of referral by the employment service, refusal without good reason to appear at the employment service to receive a referral to work (study).

Payment of unemployment benefits is suspended in the following cases:

• · refusal during the period of unemployment from two options for suitable work;
• · refusal, after a three-month period of unemployment, to participate in paid public works or to send for training by the employment service bodies citizens seeking work for the first time (who have not previously worked) and who do not have a profession (specialty), seeking to resume working activity after a long period (more than one year) break, those who resigned of their own free will for good reasons;
• · the appearance of an unemployed person for re-registration in a state of intoxication caused by the use of alcohol, drugs or other intoxicating substances, which is established in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation;
• · dismissal from the last place of work (service) for violation of labor discipline and other guilty actions provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as expulsion of a citizen sent for training by the employment service from the place of training for guilty actions;
• · violation by an unemployed person without good reason of the conditions and terms of his re-registration as an unemployed person (suspension of payment is made from the day following the day of the last appearance of the unemployed person for re-registration);
• · unauthorized termination by a citizen of training in the direction of the employment service.

Payment of unemployment benefits is not made during the periods:

• · maternity leave; departure of an unemployed person from his place of permanent residence
• · in connection with studying in evening and correspondence institutions vocational education; calling up the unemployed for military training, involving them in activities related to preparation for military service and the performance of government duties.

Payment of unemployment benefits is terminated in the following cases:

• · Walkthroughs vocational training, advanced training or retraining in the direction of the employment service with the payment of a stipend.
• · Long-term (more than one month) absence of an unemployed person from the employment service without good reason.
• · Relocation of an unemployed person to another area.
• · Obtaining unemployment benefits fraudulently, or attempting to do so.
• · Conviction of a person receiving unemployment benefits to punishment in the form of imprisonment.
• · Assigning an old-age labor pension, assigning an early pension for the unemployed, assigning an old-age pension or a long-service pension under state pension provision.
• · Refusal of the mediation of employment authorities, carried out on the basis of a written application from a citizen.
• · Death of an unemployed person.

State benefits for citizens with children

Maternity benefit is a benefit paid to women during the period of maternity leave.

Maternity benefits are paid within 70 calendar days before childbirth and 70 calendar days after childbirth; in case of multiple pregnancy - within 84 days; in case of complicated childbirth - within 86 calendar days; at the birth of two or more children at the same time - within 110 days (the mentioned periods are equal to the period of maternity leave).

Maternity leave is calculated cumulatively and is provided to a woman regardless of the number of days that were actually used before giving birth. When adopting a child (children) under the age of three months, the benefit is paid for the period from the date of adoption until the expiration of 70 calendar days (in the case of adoption of two or more children - until the expiration of 110 days). Maternity benefits must be paid no later than 10 days from the date of submission of all necessary documents to the competent authority. This benefit is paid upon the onset of maternity leave while a woman is on partially paid parental leave or additional leave without pay to care for a child. For working women (serving in service, studying outside of work), this allowance is paid at the place of work (service, study). The law also provides for other cases of issuing temporary disability certificates for pregnancy and childbirth. The amount of maternity benefits depends on whether the woman was a subject of labor relations at the time of going on maternity leave or had a different status. The right to a one-time benefit for women registered with medical institutions, in the early stages of pregnancy are available to all categories of pregnant women if they are registered with medical institutions (as confirmed by certificates issued by these institutions) in the early stages of pregnancy, i.e. up to 12 weeks. The amount of this benefit is 300 rubles. Payment of a one-time benefit is made at the place of destination and payment of maternity benefits, i.e. at the place of work, study, service.

The right to a lump sum benefit at the birth (adoption before the age of three months) of a child has one of the parents or a person replacing him (adoptive parent, guardian). The size of the one-time benefit for the birth of a child is 6,000 rubles; in the case of the birth of two or more children, the specified amount is paid for each child.

In the event of a stillbirth, such benefits are not paid. The allowance is assigned and paid to one of the parents at the place of work (study, service), and in the absence of such - in the social protection authorities at the child’s place of residence. The maximum period for payment of child care benefits until the child reaches the age of one and a half years is 500 rubles. per month, regardless of the number of children being cared for. Payment of benefits is made from the date of granting parental leave to the day the child turns one and a half years old. If vacation is granted in parts, the amount of the benefit is determined in proportion to the number of calendar days in a month that fall on vacation in a given month. If during maternity leave until the child reaches the age of one and a half years, a woman has the right to any other benefit (unemployment, maternity, etc.), she is assigned one of the benefits of her choice. The right to a monthly child benefit is granted to one of: them (adoptive parents, guardians, trustees) for each child born, adopted, taken under guardianship or trusteeship, or living with him/her until the child reaches the age of 16 years (for a student - until he/she graduates from general education educational institution, but no more than reaching 18 years of age) in families with an average per capita income, the size of which does not exceed the subsistence level in the Russian Federation or its constituent entity.

The assignment and payment of a monthly benefit in an increased amount is possible for children of single mothers. A monthly allowance in an increased amount is not assigned or paid if the person from whom the child was born is recognized in the prescribed manner as the father of the child or the child is adopted upon the mother’s marriage (these facts are reported by the civil registry office and the social welfare authority). The procedure for assigning and paying monthly child benefits is established by laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Insurance payments in connection with industrial accidents and occupational diseases

Insurance payments to an employee or his family in accordance with the Federal Law “On Compulsory Social Insurance against Industrial Accidents and Occupational Diseases” are made in connection with the occurrence of an insured event, i.e. accident or occupational disease. The subjects of this legal relationship are: the insured, the policyholder, the insurer. Temporary disability benefits are assigned in connection with an insured event and are paid from funds for compulsory social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases. This payment is 100% of the average earnings of the insured person and is made for the entire period of temporary disability of the insured until his recovery or permanent loss of professional ability is established.

Insurance payments: benefit unemployment social pension

• · A one-time insurance payment to the insured or to persons entitled to receive such payment in the event of his death. The amount of this payment is determined in accordance with the degree of loss of professional ability, which is established by the medical and social examination institution. The payment amount is calculated based on the amount of 60 minimum wages;
• · Monthly insurance payment to the insured person or persons entitled to receive such payments in the event of his death. The amount of this payment is determined as the share of the average monthly earnings of the insured person before the occurrence of the insured event, calculated in accordance with the degree of loss of his professional ability to work. When calculating the amount of lost earnings, all types of payment for his work (income) are taken into account, both at the place of his main job and part-time work.

Payment of additional expenses associated with damage to the health of the insured person for his medical, social and professional rehabilitation, including expenses:

• · For additional medical care, including additional food and the purchase of medicines.
• · Outside care for the insured (medical and household), including that provided by members of his family.
• · Sanatorium-resort treatment, including payment for vacation for the entire period of treatment and travel to the place of treatment and back (if necessary, travel for an accompanying person)
• · Prosthetics.
• · Providing special vehicles, their current and major repairs and payment for fuels and lubricants.
• · Vocational training (retraining).

The decision to assign or refuse to assign insurance payments is made by the insurer within 10 days (in the event of the death of the insured person - within two days) from the date of receipt of the application and all necessary documents for receiving insurance coverage.

Other types of social benefits

Funeral benefit. Burial is a ritual action to bury the body (remains) of a deceased person in accordance with customs and traditions that do not contradict sanitary and other requirements.

Persons carrying out the funeral are given the choice:

• · To receive benefits, for funeral.
• · Receive a guaranteed list of services free of charge.

Payment of funeral benefits is made on the basis of a death certificate. Payment of funeral benefits is carried out by the administration of the enterprise (if the application was made no later than 6 months from the date of death of the person), social security authorities or the body from which the deceased received a pension. The burial of the deceased, whose identity has not been established at the time of burial, is carried out by a specialized funeral service with the consent of these bodies by burial in areas of public cemeteries designated for such cases. There is a special procedure for exercising the burial rights of citizens who were military personnel.

Refugee benefits. A refugee is a person who is not a citizen of the Russian Federation and who, due to a well-founded fear of becoming a victim of persecution on grounds of race. Religion, citizenship, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or unwilling to avail himself of such protection owing to his fears; or, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or unwilling to return to it owing to such fear (under Art. 1 Federal Law dated February 19, 1993 No. 4528-1 “On refugees”).

The person who received the certificate and his family members who arrived with him have the right to receive a one-time cash benefit for each family member in the following amounts:

• · 100 rub. - a person who has received a certificate of consideration of an application for refugee recognition on the territory of the Russian Federation, and each family member who arrived with him who has not reached the age of 18;
• · 150 rub. -- a low-income person (a single disabled pensioner and disabled person, a single parent with a child or children under the age of 18, a large family with three or more children under the age of 18) from among the persons who received the certificate, and each family member who came with him , under 18 years of age.

To receive benefits, the person who has received the certificate submits an appropriate application to the territorial migration service office with which he is registered, indicating in this application the family members who arrived with him who have not reached 18 years of age, and the competent authority issues a certificate for receiving benefits.

Benefits for internally displaced persons. A forced migrant is a citizen of the Russian Federation who left his place of residence as a result of violence or other forms of persecution committed against him or his family members. Or, due to a real danger, be persecuted on the basis of race or nationality.

Religion, language, as well as on the basis of belonging to a particular social group or political beliefs, which became the grounds for hostile campaigns against a specific person or group of persons, mass violations public order(according to Article 1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 19, 1993 4530-1 “On forced migrants”).

The person who received this certificate, and those who arrived with family members under the age of 18, have the right to receive a one-time cash benefit for each family in the following amounts:

• · 100 rub. - the person who received the corresponding certificate, and the family members who arrived with him;
• · 150 rub. -- low-income individuals, single pensioners, single disabled people, families consisting only of pensioners and (or) disabled people. Single parent with child(ren) under 18 years of age.

Benefits for infection with the immunodeficiency virus. According to Art. 21 of the Federal Law of March 30, 1995 No. 38-FZ “On preventing the spread in the Russian Federation of the disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection).” Employees of institutions and organizations of the state and municipal health care systems that diagnose and treat HIV-infected people have the right to receive this benefit, paid in a lump sum. As well as persons whose work is associated with materials containing the human immunodeficiency virus, in the event of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus in the performance of their official duties. To receive benefits, you must contact the health authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation at your place of residence with an application.

Benefits are paid in the following amounts:

If workers in the specified categories are identified as being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus while performing their official duties (without establishing disability) - 10,000 rubles;

Detection of infection of workers of these categories with the human immunodeficiency virus during the performance of their official duties, resulting in the establishment of disability:

• · disabled person of the first degree - 25,000 rubles.
• · disabled person of the second degree - 20,000 rubles.
• · disabled person of the third degree - 15,000 rubles.

Each family member of workers of the specified categories who became infected with the human immunodeficiency virus during the performance of their official duties and died from diseases associated with the development of HIV infection - 30,000 rubles. Payment of this benefit is made at the applicant’s place of residence at the expense of the federal budget within one month from the date of filing the application.

Benefits for citizens participating in the fight against terrorism and involved in the fight against terrorism. Persons involved in the fight against terrorism are subject to legal and social protection states.

These include:

• · Military personnel, employees and specialists of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, directly involved (participated) in the fight against terrorism.
• · Persons who permanently or temporarily assist government agencies fighting crime in preventing, identifying, suppressing terrorist activities and minimizing their consequences.
• · Family members of the above persons, if there is a need for their protection.

A one-time benefit to persons taking part in the fight against terrorism and members of their families is paid in the following amounts:

• · 100,000 rub. -- in case of death of a person during a counter-terrorism operation;
• · 50,000 rub. - in the event of injury to a person resulting in disability during a counter-terrorism operation;
• · 10,000 rub. -- in the event of a person being injured during a counter-terrorism operation that did not result in disability.

If, before the expiration of one year from the date of termination of their participation in the performance of special tasks to combat terrorism, disability is determined due to injury (wound, injury, contusion) or illness received during the period and in connection with the performance of special tasks:

• · Disabled person of the first degree - 75 minimum wages.
• · Disabled person of the 11th degree - 50 minimum wages.
• · Disabled person of the third degree - 25 minimum wages.
• · In case of serious injury (concussion, trauma, mutilation) - 10 minimum wages.
• · In case of minor injury (contusion, trauma, mutilation) - 5 minimum wages.
• · In the event of the death of persons involved in special tasks, or in the event of their death occurring before the expiration of one year from the date of termination of their participation in counter-terrorism operations. Due to injury or illness received during and in connection with the performance of these tasks. Members of their families (wife (husband), children under 18 years of age (students under 23 years of age) or children over this age, if they became disabled before reaching 18 years of age, are paid a one-time cash benefit in the amount of 25 minimum wages.

According to Art. 5 of the Federal Law “On the Fight against Terrorism”, if several grounds for the specified temporary payments arise simultaneously in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the payment is made according to one rank at the recipient’s choice.

English – benefit) is a regular or one-time cash payment provided to citizens to provide financial assistance in cases of permanent or temporary disability, loss of work, to families with children, etc. The right to benefits is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. P. is paid without k.-l. deductions from the wages of citizens and appears in the form of a salary supplement, pension, scholarship or special. payments. The purpose of payment of P. is to bring the level of income of citizens to the established level. society of the minimum. The sources are government funds. trust funds (social purposes), budgets of all levels, enterprises, organizations. P. represents part of expenditures for social purposes, therefore, with the transition to market relations there was a need to strengthen social protection of citizens, providing them with established minimum social norms and standards by expanding sources of finance. ensuring, increasing the volume of services provided, bringing the place of payment of P. closer to the recipient. As a result, the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, the center of gravity of social payments, gained independence. provision of citizens moved to the territory. level. For example, finances increase significantly. provision of social protection of the population from the territories. budget. Basic types of P: for temporary disability; for pregnancy and childbirth; at the birth of a child; child care; on unemployment; ritual. P. for temporary disability is paid to workers and employees at their place of residence. work in connection with illness, injury, post-traumatic. treatment with placement in a hospital (rehabilitation, prosthetics), with sanatorium treatment, with quarantine, caring for a sick family member. The salary amount is calculated as a percentage of wages and is differentiated depending on: length of work experience; degree of risk to which the employee exposed his health (in case of injury, occupational disease ); belonging to the category of disabled people of the Great Patriotic War and persons equal. to them; the presence of dependent children under 16 years of age (for students - up to 18 years of age), as well as if the disability is caused by the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Upper limit actual earnings accepted for calculating P. for temporary disability is equal to double the official salary (double tariff rate) without taking into account allowances, additional payments and other permanent payments. Minimum the size is set at 0.9 minimum wage. Maternity benefits are paid to women for the period of maternity leave and for the adoption of children under three months of age. The amount depends on the status and type of occupation (working; dismissed due to the liquidation of a plant or organization; studying outside of work; serving under a contract in internal affairs bodies, military formations) and is differentiated from the minimum. the amount of wages and scholarships for those laid off (due to the liquidation of the enterprise or organization) and students (students) up to the average earnings of working women. The source of payment for working women, as well as those dismissed due to the liquidation of pr-tiya and recognition. the unemployed are the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation; for the rest - funds from budgets of different levels, depending on from which budget the organization where the woman works or studies is financed. Women who register with medical institutions in the early stages of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks) are paid an additional one-time payment in the amount of 1 minimum wage. A one-time payment at the birth (adoption under the age of 3 months) of each child is paid to one of the parents or a person replacing him in the amount of 15 minimum wages for the child’s birthday. Payments for all categories of recipients are made from the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, with the exception of persons serving in internal affairs bodies. affairs and military formations, as well as dismissal. in connection with the withdrawal, redeployment of military units, expiration of an employment contract, etc. These recipients are paid P. from the federal budget. A monthly allowance for a child is paid to one of the parents (adoptive parents, guardians, trustees) for each child living with him until he reaches 16 years of age (for students - up to 18 years of age) in the amount of 0.7 minimum wage. For single mothers, P. doubles; for children whose parents evade paying child support or are serving in military service, the amount of the pension increases by 50%. The source of payment is funds from territorial budgets with subsequent settlement with the federal budget. Payments are made at the child’s place of residence. Child care allowance until the child reaches the age of 1.5 years is paid to a person on parental leave (mother, father, relative) in the amount of 2 minimum wages, regardless of the number of children being cared for. These payments are made from the funds of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, and for mothers undergoing military service under contract, in internal affairs bodies, as well as those dismissed due to the relocation of internal affairs. troops and for other reasons - from the federal budget. The legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of providing parental leave from 1.5 to 3 years and payment of P. in the amount of 0.5 minimum wages at the expense of the wage fund for working women, as well as from the budgets of the corresponding. levels - for dismissal. due to the liquidation of enterprises during the period of parental leave and those serving in military formations and internal bodies. business Unemployment compensation is paid to citizens recognized as unemployed; the deadline for payment of unemployment compensation is 12 months, for citizens of pre-retirement age – up to 24 months. (they can also receive an early pension, but not earlier than 2 years before the set retirement date). The size of the pension is differentiated for citizens who previously had paid work (in the first 3 months of unemployment - 75% of the average monthly earnings for the last 3 months). same place work; next 4 months – 60%, subsequently – 45%) and those newly looking for work or seeking to resume working activity; They are paid P. for unemployment in the amount of 1 minimum wage. For persons exposed to radiation as a result of Chernobyl and other radiation accidents and disasters, additional provisions are provided. payments (from 0.5 to 2 minimum wages). According to Feder. Law “On Employment in the Russian Federation” (as amended in 1999) min. the benefit amount is 20% of the subsistence level in the subject of the Federation, and the max. size 100%. The source of payment for unemployment benefits until 2001 was the State Employment Fund of the Russian Federation, and since 2001 - the Federal Budget. Ritual P. is paid in an amount equal to the cost of the guarantee. list of services, but not higher than 10 minimum wages. In addition to P., installed. to the federation level, at the level of a subject of the Federation, low-income categories of citizens receive money. and nature mater. assistance and compensation from the territories. social funds support of the population.