Download the presentation on the topic: Be careful with ticks. Presentation "How dangerous is a tick" presentation for a lesson (7th grade) on the topic. Possible routes of infection

• a drop of any oil (vegetable, machine) must be applied to the bite site to block the air supply;
• After the tick wrinkles, it must be grabbed with tweezers and removed with smooth circular unwinding movements.
If you don't have tweezers, you can use regular thread:
• it is necessary to thread a thread between the body of the tick and the skin;
• stretch the thread to the sides;
• Using light circular movements, pull out the tick.
The extracted tick should not be crushed with nails and especially with fingers! If the embedded tick is infected, this is the surest way to become infected with encephalitis. Under no circumstances should you cut a tick with a knife, because... then you will use it to cut bread and possibly other foods. The bite site must be lubricated with brilliant green, iodine or alcohol as quickly as possible. Under no circumstances should you burn or cut the skin. It is imperative to consult a doctor after providing first aid to someone bitten by a tick. If you pull out a tick, still consult a doctor and take the tick with you!

TICK JAWS

• Pictures and photographs through the Yandex search network.

PLIERS, group arthropod class arachnids. Length 0.05 mm 3 cm. About 20 thousand species are known, widespread. Most live on land, some are aquatic. Pests of plants and agricultural products, parasites of animals and humans, vectors of pathogens infectious diseases(encephalitis, fevers, typhus, tularemia, plague). Ixodid tick Soil mites

In 80% of cases, the virus enters the human body through direct suction of an infected tick to the skin. Infection through the gastrointestinal tract is also possible, including through contamination of hands while removing a tick, on the surface of which there may be a virus, as well as from consuming raw goat milk.

Ticks are usually located along paths along which animals pass. They lie in wait for their prey, sitting on the branches of bushes, tall dry grasses and trees at a height of 25 cm to 1 m. Once on the human body, the tick attaches itself to the skin of the scalp, ears, neck, collarbones, and armpits , on the chest, arms, back, lower back, groin.

If the tick has burrowed deeply and cannot be removed, you need to lubricate the tick's body with Vaseline, vegetable or machine oil, and nail polish. After a few minutes, repeat attempts to remove the tick.

It is necessary to go to the hospital if: a) the head of the tick was torn off when trying to remove it, and it remained in the wound; b) the bite site is very swollen and red; c) symptoms of a general illness appeared (fever, headaches, photophobia, difficulty moving the eyes and neck) 5-25 days after the bite.

Be careful! Ticks!

Completed by: 4th grade student

May School Degtyarev Lleksey

Head: teacher primary classes Letaeva Lyudmila Georgievna

Purpose of the study :

studying ixodid ticks as carriers of viral diseases, as well as studying measures to combat them.

Research objectives:

- Study the literature on the research topic.

-Study the history of the discovery tick-borne encephalitis.

-Conduct a survey of medical workers and draw conclusions.

Relevance of the topic

After a long and cold winter people are eager to go into the forest. This is a favorite place for relaxation and walks for adults and children.

But, admiring the fresh spring colors, absorbing the impressions of communicating with nature, we must not forget that in spring forest We may encounter ticks that carry the tick-borne encephalitis virus.

What is tick-borne encephalitis?

Tick-borne encephalitis – a serious illness in which inflammation of the brain occurs. Its causative agent is the smallest organism from the group of viruses, which can only be seen using an electron microscope, which gives a magnification of tens and hundreds of thousands of times. The size of the tick-borne encephalitis virus is 30 millimicrons.”

This tiny organism lives in the body of a forest tick for up to 4 years. The tick is the main custodian of the pathogen in nature and the main source of human infection. Therefore, the disease was called “Tick-borne encephalitis.”

History of the study of tick-borne encephalitis

Active study of tick-borne encephalitis began in the thirties of the last century. In 1937, L.A. Zilber managed to isolate the virus that causes this pathology.

Lev Alexandrovich Zilber(1894 -1966) - Soviet immunologist and virologist, founder of the Soviet school of medical virology.

Where do ticks live?

Ticks are inhabitants of the forest. They live in the forest floor formed by fallen leaves and grass. The thicker the layer of litter, the better it warms up, the more favorable the conditions for the development and life of ticks. They are found, as a rule, in small-leaved and deciduous-coniferous forests, in which birch, aspen, gray alder, bird cherry, rowan, willow, as well as pine and spruce grow. Such forests are sufficiently lighted, and the forest floor warms up well. In coniferous-deciduous forests with a significant predominance of spruce or pine and a relatively small content hardwood ticks are found in smaller numbers. They can be found in thickets of willow and gray alder located along forest roads, ditches, and fields.

Features of the structure of ticks

The body of ixodid ticks consists of two sections - the head and the body. Their integument is sometimes hard and inextensible, and sometimes soft and elastic, gathered into folds. Thanks to this structural feature of the integument, ticks are able to absorb significant portions of blood and increase their weight by 100 times or more. There is a shield on the dorsal side of the tick's body. In the male it occupies the entire surface of the body, and its integument is brown.

Tick ​​activity period

The peak activity of ticks usually begins in May, in the second half, if the spring is warm and early, then at the end of April. But they do not attack all summer, but until about the middle or end of July. By that time, most arthropods have already had time to drink blood and their activity decreases. So somewhere from the end of July you can go into the forest relatively calmly.

The tick development cycle lasts at least three years, and can last for four to five years. During this time, ticks feed only three times, while out of thousands of larvae only a few dozen adult individuals are obtained, the rest fail to survive.

• Only adult females and males are dangerous to humans, while larvae and nymphs pose no threat.

How do mites develop?

Routes of infection

Crushing and rubbing the attached tick

Bite tick

Tick ​​saliva contains blood thinners and painkillers

Eating infected raw goat and cow's milk

The first signs of tick-borne encephalitis

They may appear 1 to 14 days after infection.

The first signs of tick-borne encephalitis include:

-sudden increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees;

-severe chills and weakness;

-thirst and increased sweating;

-feeling of numbness and slight tingling on various areas skin;

-headaches and muscle pains;

-feeling of numbness in the lower and upper extremities;

-vomiting and lack of appetite.

In the future, the symptoms of tick-borne encephalitis quickly increase. Confusion of consciousness, paresis of the muscles of the lower and upper limbs, abdominal cramps.

Consequences of tick-borne encephalitis

Neck muscle dysfunction

Various consequences of tick-borne encephalitis can manifest themselves throughout the patient’s life. In most cases, complications develop during the treatment of the underlying disease. A person receives persistent paralysis or muscle atrophy. This makes independent movement or self-care impossible. In some cases, the consequences of tick-borne encephalitis appear several months later in the form of repeated and progressive epileptic seizures.

Complete paralysis of a limb

First aid for a tick bite

If you are not confident that you can remove the insect yourself, then immediately contact medical care. It is strictly forbidden to independently remove ticks from children under 10 years of age.

1. Lubricate the attached tick with fat (vaseline, cream, sunflower oil)

2.Wait 12-20 minutes

3. Using a thread loop or tweezers, carefully pull out the tick, shaking it from side to side

4.Try not to destroy the tick

5.Burn the removed tick or pour boiling water over it.

6. Treat the bite site with alcohol, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, etc.

7. Wash your hands

How to protect yourself from tick-borne encephalitis?

On the collar, cuffs, belt of clothing and top part Socks need to be repellent to prevent ticks from getting under your clothes.

It is necessary to conduct thorough self- and mutual examinations after 1-2 hours. This measure is simple, reliable and accessible to everyone. During inspection you should Special attention apply to hairy parts of the body, skin folds, ears, axillary and inguinal cavities. When returning home, you need to carefully check all the folds and seams of your clothing, as ticks that haven’t had time to attach themselves can crawl into them. .

Vaccination. For or against?

The simplest, most effective and in a safe way Protection against tick-borne viral encephalitis is vaccination. To be 100% sure of your protection from the disease, you must complete the full course of vaccination. It consists of two or three primary vaccinations and one revaccination at the intervals specified in the instructions for use of the vaccine. In the future, it is necessary to maintain immunity by re-vaccinating once every 3-5 years. .

TAKE CARE OF YOURSELF AND YOUR LOVED ONES!

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Slide 1

Lesson at a health-improving school day camp “Beware of ticks!”

Danilova Yulia Valerievna, Deputy Director for Educational Management, Biology Teacher, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1” municipality"Ostrovsky district", Pskov region

Slide 2

“Ticks have opened the hunting season in the Pskov region” “Over 500 residents of the Pskov region have suffered from ticks in a week” “Ticks are becoming more active”

What questions must be answered to obtain information about ticks? What can be a source of information about ticks?

Slide 4

Kingdom: Animals Type: Arthropods Subtype: Chelicerates Class: Arachnids Order: Mites

Characteristic features: Small size up to 1 mm (rarely up to 5 mm), 4 pairs of walking legs Body more or less united. The mouthparts are gnawing or piercing-sucking.

Slide 5

Top row - from left to right: scabies mite, soil mite, two-spotted mite spider mite, water mite. Bottom row, from left to right: grain mite, taiga tick, otobius, red mite

Role in a person's life

Slide 7

How dangerous is an ixodid tick bite?

tick-borne encephalitis

Ixodid ticks transmit human pathogens:

tick-borne borreliosis (Lyme disease),

tick-borne typhus

relapsing tick-borne typhus

hemorrhagic fever and Q fever

tularemia and many others.

Slide 8

How to behave in the forest?

When going into the forest, wear light-colored clothing (it makes ticks easier to see) with long sleeves, tuck your pants into your socks, and wear a hat or hood. Treat clothes with a special drug, repels ticks. Beware of tall grass and bushes. Carry out a mutual inspection of clothing and skin every hour. Do not bring flowers, leaves, branches, pine cones from the forest - with them you can bring ticks into the house. Ticks must be burned, they cannot be crushed, as microcracks on the hands can cause encephalitis. Vaccination is the surest way to avoid disease

Slide 9

What should I do if bitten by a tick?

1. Tick removal is carried out in the trauma center of a city hospital or in the surgical rooms of clinics. 2. If necessary, you can remove it yourself. Gently pull the tick's body to the right and left, trying to free the proboscis. If the proboscis still remains in the wound, remove it like a splinter. Treat the wound with iodine or alcohol. 3. For consultations and prescribing preventive treatment, it is necessary to consult an infectious disease specialist as early as possible. 4. The removed tick must be examined for the presence of tick-borne encephalitis virus. This is done (as well as a blood test in the first three days after the bite) in the laboratory of Rospotrebnadzor at the address: Gogol St., 21, in a special direction issued medical institution. 5. If signs of disease appear 1-3 weeks after the tick bite (malaise, fever, headache, vomiting, etc.) requires urgent treatment in an infectious diseases hospital.

Slide 10

Myth 1. Any tick is dangerous

Only ixodid ticks pose a mortal danger.

Dog mite Spider mite

Slide 11

Myth 2. The encephalitis virus lives only in ticks

Ticks are carriers of infection; the reservoir of the tick-borne encephalitis virus is wild and domestic animals.

Another possible route of infection with tick-borne encephalitis is raw milk from a goat or cow infected with the virus. This danger can easily be avoided by boiling raw milk.

Slide 12

Myth 3. Ticks jump onto their victims from tree branches

A hunting tick sits on the grass or lower branches

Slide 13

Myth 4. It’s easier to remove a tick by lubricating it vegetable oil or Vaseline

The spiracles (stigmas) are located on the side of the body, behind the fourth pair of legs and are surrounded by a plate. Mite for a long time can do without air, closing the plates like dampers.

Slide 14

Health is the main benefit of life. (Janusz Korczak)

Slide 15

List of sources used Textbook: Konstantinov V.M., Babenko V.G., Kuchmenko V.S. Biology: Animals: Textbook for 7th grade students secondary school/Ed. V.M. Konstantinova, I.N. Ventana-Graff, 2003. - 304 pp.: ill. Tick-borne Encephalitis, truth and myths. – Access mode: http://www.zdravamir.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=463:2012-05-09-04-02-40&catid=12:2010-11-17-16-13- 13&Itemid=1. - Description based on version dated: March 25, 2013.

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Graphic materials http://sadoved.com/uploads/posts/big/1281521323_bulb1.jpg http://h3.img.mediacache.rugion.ru/_i/forum/files/40/81/30/408130_269866_1285838866.jpg http: //fotopage.ru/glr/albums/userpics/10222/klesh.jpg http://encephalitis.ru/uploads/posts/1174068986_ciclo_ricinus.png http://i019.radikal.ru/0908/ea/2f2be21755e9.jpg http ://d.wiadomosci24.pl/g2/44/f2/3c/145847_1277706856_0b55_p.jpeg

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Graphic materials http://old.college.ru/biology/course/content/chapter5/section6/paragraph2/images/05060209.jpg http://www.vluki.ru/_thumb/1024x768/files/2012May02/008-175613 .jpg http://www.gazetairkutsk.ru/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/242b5ab180afa1bc2c81d7cca71fcbc3_full.jpg http://www.tomsk.ru/userpic/news/2011/Oct/03/214590_view.jpg

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Slide captions:

Why is a tick dangerous?

Why are ticks dangerous? Ticks are small arachnids. They are very small in size and are usually difficult to notice until they are pumped with blood. But then it’s already too late. When a tick lands on a person’s body, it does not immediately dig into his skin, but crawls for a long time, looking for the most delicate places (where the skin is thin).

Why is a tick dangerous? Most often it burrows into the groin area, armpits, neck, collarbone area, stomach and back. Its bite is completely insensitive, because the tick's saliva contains an anesthetic substance.

Why is a tick dangerous? Unlike mosquitoes, which, having sucked blood, immediately fly away, ticks stick for three to four days. From drinking blood, the ticks swell greatly, increasing in size three to four times, and only then fall off.

Why is a tick dangerous? Ticks are dangerous not because of their bite, but because they suck blood from various animals and acquire microbes from each animal. Then these microbes are introduced into the victim’s blood.

Why ticks are dangerous The most common is the forest tick. It is a carrier of tick-borne encephalitis, a severe disease of the central nervous system. Ticks can transmit not only encephalitis, but also up to 30 other serious diseases, including plague, tularemia, borreliosis, brucellosis, and typhus.

Why is a tick dangerous? It is important to know that even if the tick bite was short-lived, the risk of infection tick-borne infections is not excluded. However, you need to understand that the presence of an infection in a tick does not mean that a person will get sick.

When a tick is dangerous The tick is most dangerous in the spring and summer; in August, the risk of infection decreases sharply, and in September-October it practically disappears. Ticks are most active in the morning and evening; they love shaded, damp places with dense undergrowth. They usually do not appear in bright places. Ticks love to be near paths where animals (including mice) walk. They love places where cattle graze, various clearings and remote places. In hot weather or rain, ticks hide and do not attack.

When a tick is dangerous Do not forget that ticks crawl from bottom to top. It is a mistaken belief that ticks attack from trees or tall bushes. They lie in wait for their “prey” among the vegetation of the lower tier of the forest (usually no more than 1 m in height). IN tall grass mites have better protection from sun rays and more chances for attack.

Bitten by a tick: what to do? A tick bite is painless, only after a day or two does a feeling of slight nagging pain arise, as a local inflammatory reaction develops at the site of suction, sometimes with suppuration. The bite wound is usually very itchy and heals very slowly. If you notice a bite, you can remove the tick yourself or go to the clinic.

How to remove a tick? You can remove ticks yourself using tweezers, a loop from strong thread(this method requires skill), or with your fingers, preferably disinfected with an alcohol solution. If the tick has already burrowed deeply into the body, you can drip vegetable oil, Vaseline, or something enveloping it and blocking the access of air.

What to do with a tick after removal? It is important to know that in no case should you destroy removed ticks by crushing them with your fingers, since if you accidentally crush a tick, infection can occur as a result of rubbing the infectious agent into the skin or mucous membranes with saliva or tick tissue.

After removing the tick After removing the tick, the suction site should be treated with iodine, brilliant green, or washed thoroughly with soap. The insect itself must be taken for testing to determine if it is infected with tick-borne infections. If you definitely cannot take the tick for analysis, burn it or pour boiling water over it.

Tick ​​analysis Tick analysis is needed for peace of mind - in case of a negative result, and vigilance - in case of a positive one.

How and where to take a tick for analysis? The tick should be placed in a small glass bottle along with a piece of cotton wool lightly moistened with water. Be sure to close the bottle with a tight lid and store it in the refrigerator. If this is not possible, simply place the tick in a box or wrap it in gauze and try to keep it alive. For microscopic diagnosis, the tick must be delivered to the laboratory alive. Even individual tick fragments are suitable for PCR diagnostics.

Donate blood The surest way to determine the presence of a disease is to take a blood test. There is no need to donate blood immediately after a tick bite, because tests won't show anything. No earlier than 10 days later, you can test your blood for tick-borne encephalitis and borreliosis using the PCR method. Two weeks after a tick bite, test for antibodies (IgM) to the tick-borne encephalitis virus. For antibodies (IgM) to Borrelia ( tick-borne borreliosis) - in three weeks.

If the tick is infected If the tick is infected with Borrelia, then to prevent the development of borreliosis, the doctor will prescribe you antibacterial drugs. If it is a tick-borne encephalitis virus, you will be advised to administer immunoglobulin against tick-borne encephalitis (it contains ready-made antibodies) during the first 4 days after the bite. The administration of immunoglobulin significantly reduces the likelihood of the disease occurring, but cannot eliminate it completely. Therefore, doctors will monitor your health for 2 weeks.

Prevention of tick bites One of the means of preventing tick-borne encephalitis is vaccination. If the vaccination schedule is followed, diseases are extremely rare and, as a rule, occur in mild form. However, vaccinations must be done on time - several months before the start of the season or before the intended walk through the forests. This is exactly how long it takes for the body to “accumulate” a sufficient number of antibodies to infections and bring the immune system into full combat readiness.

Prevention of tick bites There is a so-called emergency vaccination, but its effect will not come immediately either - after a month and a half. That is, if you take injections in May, then by mid-July you will “accumulate immunity.” It should be borne in mind that the vaccine only protects against tick-borne encephalitis.

Prevention of tick bites To prevent tick bites, it is usually recommended to wear specially selected clothing that protects most body and tightly fitting to shoes and wrists so that ticks cannot crawl under it. A hood or other head covering is desirable on the head (for example, a scarf, the ends of which should be tucked under the collar).

Prevention of tick bites It is better that clothes are light and plain, as ticks are more visible on them. Wearing overalls is really effective, but in the summer they are hot. Still, it is important to try to wear clothes that are as closed as possible.

Preventing tick bites There are many insect repellents on the market now. You need to make it a rule when going into the forest to use repellents that say “against ticks”; mosquito repellents are not effective. The most important thing is to try to prevent ticks from being sucked on. It is important to remember that the tick sticks tightly 1-1.5 hours after it hits the body.

Prevention of tick bites When walking along a forest road, do not tear off branches or deliberately pull them back. With this action you shake off onto yourself and the person passing behind you. greatest number ticks. After a walk, be sure to carefully examine yourself, because a tick bite, especially a male one, may not be felt or may be confused with a mosquito.

Symptoms that require you to see a doctor! If after a bite you: - a red spot has formed at the site of the wound from the bite, - the temperature has risen, - aches in the muscles and joints have appeared, - you have become afraid of light, - a rash has appeared on the body, consult a doctor immediately! Don’t forget that if you have any questions, you can always consult your local doctor.

Follow the safety rules, and then your vacation will be safe and will give you only a good mood!

The presentation was prepared by Siroshtanova E.A., MBOU Secondary School No. 76, Gigant village, 2014