Cabin loading control devices. Device for monitoring the loading of an elevator cabin Device for monitoring the loading of an elevator operational documentation

The elevator cabin consists of a frame and a compartment. The cabin frame consists of upper and lower beams connected by four metal posts. This is the main load-carrying unit to which the supporting ropes are attached.
The frame contains guide shoes, suspension, and catchers. A compartment is placed inside the frame (Fig. 2.23).

Rice. 2.23. Passenger elevator cabin:

1 - stand; 2 - door; 3 - ruler; 4 - carriage; 5, 9,11 - frame beams; 6, 13 - shoes; 7 - suspension; S - door opening mechanism; 10 - catcher; 12 - door threshold; 14 - ceiling; 15 - compartment shields; 16 - cabin loading control device; 17 - floor

The cabin compartment must be fenced on all sides to its full height, have a floor, a ceiling, and for an elevator in which people can be transported, doors. The cabin compartment contains lighting, ventilation, an order apparatus, and an intercom for communication with the dispatcher.

The cabin floor is placed on a special frame. It can be wooden, metal or a combination. A wooden floor is made of tongue-and-groove boards, which fit tightly together and are covered with plastic or a thin metal sheet. Metal floors are made from metal sheet large thickness, which is covered on top with plastic or wooden covering.

There are two types of floors - fixed and movable. A fixed floor is installed in the cabins of freight and hospital elevators, as well as in the cabins of passenger elevators equipped with a device for controlling the loading time of the cabin, or in cases where the loading control method used does not require a moving floor.

The moving floor (floating (Fig. 2.24) or loop) is designed to switch the elevator from external to internal control.

Rice. 2.24. Floating floor with cargo return:

1 - floor shield; 2 - adjusting coupling; 3 - traction; 4 - threshold; 5 - bracket; b - lever; 7 - load; 8 - pressure lever; 9 underground block contacts; 10 - adjusting bolt; 11 - spring; 12,1.1, 16 - lock nuts; 14 - bolt for adjusting the gap between the bolt head and the block contact rod; 15 - adjusting bolt for setting the horizontal position of the pressure lever

When a passenger or cargo enters the cabin, the floor lowers and acts on electrical device load control (switch), which performs the switching. The car load control device includes three sets of switches, adjustable in such a way that one of them turns off at a load of 15 kg, the second at a load equal to 90% of the elevator's load capacity, and the third at a load corresponding to 110% or more of the elevator's load capacity. This provides control over three elevator loading levels.

The cabin and counterweight guide shoes (Fig. 2.25) are devices designed to hold the cabin (counterweight) in vertical position The use of shoes allows you to maintain constant distances between the moving and stationary parts of the elevator. The shoes are installed on the upper and lower beams of the frame on the side of the guide.

Rice. 2.25. Cabin and counterweight shoe:

1 - liner; 2 - shock-absorbing half-ring; 3 - body; 4 - bolt; 5 - nut; b - flange, 7 - holder

Depending on the speed of the cab, sliding or roller shoes are used (Fig. 2.26).

Rice. 2.26. Roller shoes:

1, 2 - end and side rollers, respectively; 3 - rolling bearing; 4, 7 - axes; c - nut; 6 - spring; 8 - plate; 9 - double-arm lever; 10 - stud; 11 - adjusting screw

To reduce wear on the sliding shoe liners due to their friction against the guides and reduce energy losses to overcome friction forces, the guides are lubricated using lubricating devices.

Rope hangers are devices by which ropes are attached to the cabin and counterweight. Based on the method of suspending the cabin and counterweight, a distinction is made between straight and pulley suspensions. Direct suspensions are divided into lever, spring and rigid.

Lever (balance) suspensions are a system of levers (balancers) that ensure equal tension on all ropes.

Spring suspensions (Fig. 2.27) do not provide absolute uniformity of force distribution along the ropes, but have simple design, lower metal consumption and more compact.

Rice. 2.27. Spring suspension:

1 - traction; 2 - clearance adjustment nut; 3 - lever system; 4 - slack switch for lifting ropes

Rigid suspension (Fig. 2.28) is used in passenger cabins of new models. The rigid suspension design does not have shock absorbers or devices for leveling loads on the ropes.

Rice. 2.28. Hard suspension:

1 - top beam; 2 - glass; 3.6 - springs; 4 - nut; 5, 12 - axes; 7 base; 8 - clamp; 9 - rope; 10 - wedge; 11 - wedge holder; 13 - traction; 14 - lever; 15 - slack switch for lifting ropes

With a pulley suspension (Fig. 2.29), the cabin (counterweight) is equipped with one or more blocks, and the ropes interacting with them are attached using spring or lever suspensions to the upper beams of the shaft, machine or block room.

Rice. 2.29. Pulley suspension:
1 - upper beam; 2 - block

Swing doors Passenger elevator cabins (Fig. 2.30) have two doors with glazed viewing holes that open into the cabin. An apron device is installed above the doors, which prevents the doors from opening during movement and acts on the cabin door closing switch. The car door closing switch opens the elevator control circuit when the car doors are open.

WITH outside A metal stop is installed above the doors, which prevents the doors from going beyond the door frame if the passenger leans on them.

Rice. 2.30. Passenger elevator swing doors:

1, 5 - doors; 2 - apron; a switch; 4 pressure plate; 6 piano loop

The doors of the hospital elevator car have two folding wooden doors with glazed viewing holes. An apron device can be installed above the flaps, or each flap can have a stop to act on the cabin door closing switch.

The door of the Bostwig freight elevator cabin (Fig. 2.31) is a folding one metal grill, which moves along the ruler using rollers. A switch for closing the cabin doors is installed on the top beam of the cabin doors above the doors. It opens the elevator control circuit when open doors cabins To hold the door in the closed position, a rotary handle with a latch is used.

Rice. 2.31. Sliding lattice door of the Bostwig freight elevator cabin

Instead of doors, the freight elevator cabin may have a device that keeps the load from moving. If there are no people moving in the cabin, there may be no doors at all.

Automatic sliding doors The cabins consist of two doors that are attached to carriages and move along the ruler using rollers and counter-rollers. On the carriages there are vodka-shaped troughs (staples), which serve to simultaneously open the doors of the shaft and the cabin when the cabin is on the floor.

At the bottom of the sashes there are shoes that move in the groove of the threshold and do not allow the sashes to move in the horizontal plane.

On the ruler there are blocks through which the communication rope passes. It allows you to open two doors at the same time.

An electrical safety device (switch) is installed on the top beam of the cabin door (Fig. 2.32) to control the closure of the cabin doors, which opens the elevator control circuit when the cabin doors are open.

Rice. 2.32. The upper beam of the cabin door and the mechanism for opening the doors:

1 - roller; 2 - connection rope of the valves; 3, 5, 7,8 - fastening nuts; 4 - holder; 6 - return spring; 9 - communication rope holder; 10 - left cab door carriage; 11 - lever; 12 - emphasis; 13 - body of the block contact for controlling the gate of the shutters; 14 - contact block cover; 15 - lock adjusting bolt; 16 - lock nut; 17 - carrier roller; 18 - limit switch for closing the doors; 19 - lock lever; 20 - emphasis; 21 - limit switch for opening the doors; 22 - carrier; 23 - nut; 24, 31 - layering; 25 - communication rope clamp; 26 - counter rollers; 27 - screw for fastening the branch; 28 - right wing of the cabin door; 29 - left wing of the cabin door; 30 - studs; 32 - ruler

The automatic drive of the cabin doors is installed on the upper beam of the cabin doors. It is designed to open and close doors along with return spring cabin doors. A locking device (lock) of the cabin doors is installed on the automatic drive, which locks the cabin doors during movement and when the cabin is standing on the floor with closed doors. In Fig. Figure 2.33 shows a general view of the cabin cover with automatic door drive.

Rice. 2.33. General form cab roofs with automatic door drive:

1 - electrical device for controlling the closing of cabin doors; 2 - upper beam of the cabin frame; 3 - drive gearbox; 4 - electric motor; 5 - electric rope tension control device; 6 - pulley on the electric motor shaft; 7 - cabin shoe; 8 - speed limiter rope; 9 - belt; 10 - pulley on the gearbox shaft; 11 - limit switch for closing the valves; 12 - limit switch for opening the valves; 13 - carrier; 14 - lift; 15 - shock absorber

A reversing device (reverse) is necessary to change the direction of movement of the valves if a foreign object gets into the space between them at the moment of closing.Reversal of doors can occur from an impact with an object or when an opaque object intersects the light beam of a photocell installed in the door leaves. Electromechanical reverse is more often used in residential buildings, and reverse with a photocell in administrative buildings.

Catchers are safety devices designed to stop and hold the cabin or counterweight moving downwards on the guides when all traction elements break. The cabins of all elevators are equipped with catchers, as well as counterweights if the elevator shaft is located above rooms and passages where people may be. Schematic diagram The operation of elevator catchers driven by a speed limiter rope is shown in Fig. 2.34.

Rice. 2.34. Schematic diagram of the operation of elevator catchers driven by a speed limiter rope:

1 - speed limiter; 2 - mechanism for turning on catchers; 3 - tension device; 4 - speed limiter rope; 5 - clamp; 6 - traction; 7 catcher wedges; 8 - channel; 9 - wedge guide block

The catchers must stop and hold the downward moving cabin (counterweight) on the guides when they are turned on by the speed limiter. The catchers of a small freight elevator can be activated by a device that is triggered by a break or weakening of all traction ropes, i.e., without the use of a speed limiter. By the nature of the action, sharp catchers are distinguished (Fig. 2.35)

Rice. 2.35. Drive mechanism of sudden braking arresters:

1 - rope; 2 - bar; 3. 4 - levers; 5 - axis: 6 - upper beam; 7 - nut; 8 - rod; 9 - contact device (switch); 10 - emphasis; 11 - spring; 12 - adjusting coupling; 13 - wedges; 14 - cabin guide; 15 - wedge drive lever; 16 - guide block

or smooth (Fig. 2.36) braking and combined. An elevator car with a nominal speed of 6° to 1 m/s must be equipped with soft braking gels.

Rice. 2.36. One-way tick-type soft braking catcher:

1 - lock nut; 2 - bushing; 3 - nut; 4, 10, 14 - bolts; 5, 13 - springs; 6.9 - double-arm levers; 7 - brake pad; 8 - wedge; 11 - square bolt shank; 12 spherical washer

The average deceleration of the cabin with a nominal load when landing the cabin on the safety catches should be no more than 9.81 m/s2 for smooth braking safety devices and 25 m/s2 for sharp braking safety devices.

The electrical safety device (switch) that controls the operation of the safety devices must open the safety circuit when the safety devices are activated.

As travel switches on elevators different types floor switches or reed sensors are used.

Floor switches (Fig. 2.37) are used on elevators with movement speeds of up to 1 m/s to perform switching operations in the electrical circuits of the direction contactors that power the winch motor.

Rice. 2.37. Floor switch:

1 - bolt; 2 - cover; 3 - screw; 4 cam axis; 5 - nut; 6- bracket; 7 - lever; 8 - platform; 9 - cabin guide

The electric motor is switched off under the influence of a combined tap (Fig. 2.38) on the floor switch lever of a given floor when the cabin approaches the exact stop.

Rice. 2.38. Placement of a combined outlet on the cabin:

On two-speed elevators, track switches perform switching operations in electrical circuit contactor high speed and the electric motor for driving the cab doors.

Reed sensors (Fig. 2.39) installed in the elevator shaft in the floor area are called selection sensors (for elevators with a car speed of 1 m/s and above) and perform all the functions of floor switches for two-speed elevators: sending signals to turn on low speed electric motor and the direction of movement of the cabin.

Rice. 2.39. Reed sensor:

1 - sensor DPE-101; 2 - shunt; 3.7 bolts; 4, 5 - nuts; 6 - shunt bracket; 8 - cabin guide

If a reed sensor is installed on the car, it is called a precision stop sensor and signals the car to come to a precise stop on the floor after it has moved at stopping speed. The sensors can be installed on any two-speed elevator.

Metal shunt plates are used to interact with the sensors. For the precision stop sensor they are placed in the shaft, for the selection sensor - on the cabin.

Cabin control devices (Fig. 2.40) are designed to issue control commands. Device-based devices can be used various types: electromechanical, electronic, reed switches, etc. Devices for issuing control commands in the cabin should be located near the door.

Rice. 2.40. Cabin control devices:

a, b - passenger elevator control posts; c - freight elevator control station; d, d - call buttons

A push-button elevator control station (except for posts with call buttons) must be equipped with a “Stop” button, which can be placed outside the control station, next to it.

The control station in an elevator car with an automatic door drive must be equipped with a button labeled “Doors” or a corresponding graphic symbol. Pressing the “Doors” button should lead to the opening of the door when the stationary cabin is at the level of the landing.

It is allowed to install instead of the “Doors” button the “Cancel” button, pressing which, when the cabin is stationary on the floor, cancels the registered order and cancels the closing of the cabin doors. When you press the “Cancel” button while moving, the cabin must stop at the nearest floor according to the movement code and open the doors. A “Stop” button should not be installed in the cab.

When controlling the elevator externally, it is allowed to ensure the operation of the “Stop” buttons only on the loading platform, from which the order to move the cabin was given, and from the machine room, and in its absence, from a locked cabinet.

In the case when the cabin moves only when the control button is pressed, the “Stop” button may not be installed.

Signal conversion device UPS-10 (elevator loading control device)

1. Purpose and scope

1.1. The signal conversion device UPS-10 is designed to measure the degree of loading of the elevator car, and transmit information about the degree of loading of the cabin to the elevator control system.

1.2. UPS-10 generates signals of the “dry contact” type about the presence of a person in the cabin (20 kg), about reaching a load of 50%, 90% of the rated lift capacity, as well as about an overload of 110%, but not less than 75 kg from the rated lift capacity.

2. Composition and design.

General view of UPS-10

A general view of the UPS-10 is shown in the figure

1 - primary converter (PP); 2 - secondary converter (SC); 3 - motion sensor (MS); 4 - relay output harness; 5 - network cable.

PP - is a sensor unit with a one-piece cable ending with a connector for connecting to the PV.

PV - represents the electronic unit indication and adjustment with a permanent cable for connecting PV to a 220 V, 50 Hz network. To connect the PV relay outputs to the elevator station, a relay output harness is used.

DD - is a sensor block with a one-piece cable ending with a connector for connecting to the PV.

2.1. The primary converter consists of:

• optical strain gauge (OTS);
• cable with a connector for connecting to the secondary converter.

The OTD is installed on the supporting structure of the winch in the engine room.

2.2. The secondary converter is electronic device(EP) with a cable for connecting to the elevator power supply network, converting signals from the EP into output signals for the elevator control system. Structurally, the device can be in a housing or without a housing in the form printed circuit board, installed in the technological niche of the elevator car. For regular customers, individual modifications are possible to suit their requirements. For example, an additional interface, adjustment of the operating algorithm, design.

2.3. The motion sensor is a sensor unit with a permanent cable ending with a connector connector for connection to the PV.

3. Installation options for the secondary converter:

• on load-bearing structures elevator winches in the engine room (Fig. 1);
• to other places where a load is transferred to the PP, proportional to the mass of the load being lifted, through the use of appropriate components for their installation in elevator structures.

4. Specifications.

By agreement with the customer, devices can be manufactured with a different number of relay discrete outputs or with a continuous analog or digital output

You can get advice on ordering flat elevator cables in the following ways:

Cabin loading control devices

Passenger elevators operating without a conductor are equipped so that upon entering the cabin payload(human) control automatically switches from external to internal from the cabin, and when the cabin is released, it switches back to external. This problem is solved either by using a moving floor or by using a cabin loading control device.

When passengers enter the cabin, the movable floor, under their weight, lowers by 10...20 mm and affects the contact system, including the in-cab control. In cases where the elevator is equipped with a load limiter, then when the load exceeds the rated one, the moving floor acts on the corresponding contact devices, which prevent the electric motor of the lifting mechanism from turning on and turn on the “Elevator overloaded” light signal.

The floor, freed from the payload, returns to its original position under the action of springs or weights installed under the floor on levers, including external elevator control.

The cabin loading control device is installed between the frame beam and the compartment floor. The device (Fig. 24, a) consists of a base in the form of a plate, which is rigidly fixed to the lower beam of the frame. An elastic beam resting on balls is placed above the base. Three brackets with stops are rigidly attached to the end of the beam. The beam takes the load from the coupe through the shock absorber, strut and ball. On inner surface Three levers are installed on the upper plane of the body using an angle and steel plates.

Their ends interact with microswitches mounted on the front wall of the case using steel plates and corner brackets. WITH outside On the front wall of the case, bolts are screwed through threaded holes, resting on the corner brackets of the microswitches.

The device works as follows. The weight of the coupe and the payload, acting on the elastic beam, cause it to deflect. The brackets with stops rotate together with the end part of the beam. The latter, having selected gap a, press the lever, lift it and move it away from the microswitch. When triggered, it switches the elevator control circuits.

Rice. 24. Cabin loading control device: a - design, b - operating diagram; 1 - beam, 2 - shock absorber, 3 - body, 4 - lever, 5 - microswitches, 6 - stop, 7 - bracket, 8, 9, 11 - balls, 10 - stand, 12 - base, 13 - adjusting bolts

When a payload appears in the compartment, the microswitches are activated one by one in the following order: the first - at a load of 15 kg, the second - 90% of the rated load capacity and the third - at 110% of the rated load capacity.

Reducing the elevator payload causes the elements of the device to act in reverse.

In Fig. 24, b solid lines show the elements of the device in initial position(in the absence of a payload in the elevator), and dotted - in the presence of a payload.