Rules technical operation electrical installations of consumers

1.3.1. New or reconstructed electrical installations and start-up complexes must be put into operation in the manner set out in these Rules and other regulatory documents.

1.3.2. Before installation or reconstruction of electrical installations, it is necessary to:

get technical specifications in an energy supply organization;

execute project documentation;

coordinate the design documentation with the energy supply organization that issued the technical specifications and the state energy supervision body.

1.3.3. Before accepting electrical installations into operation, the following must be carried out:

during the construction and installation of a power facility - intermediate acceptance of equipment units and structures, including hidden work;

acceptance testing of equipment and commissioning tests of individual electrical installation systems;

comprehensive testing of equipment.

1.3.4. Acceptance tests of equipment and commissioning tests of individual systems must be carried out according to design schemes by the contractor (general contractor) with the involvement of customer personnel after completion of all construction and installation work for the electrical installation being delivered, and comprehensive testing must be carried out by the customer.

1.3.5. Before acceptance and commissioning tests and comprehensive testing of equipment, compliance with these Rules, rules for electrical installations, building codes and regulations, state standards, occupational safety rules, explosion and fire safety rules, instructions from manufacturers, and equipment installation instructions must be checked.

1.3.6. For commissioning works and testing of electrical equipment, it is allowed to turn on electrical installations according to design scheme on the basis of a temporary permit issued by the state energy supervision authorities.

1.3.7. During a comprehensive testing of equipment, the operability of the equipment must be checked and technological schemes, safety of their operation; all monitoring and control systems, protection and interlock devices, alarm devices and instrumentation were checked and configured. Comprehensive testing is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation of the main and auxiliary equipment within 72 hours, and power lines - within 24 hours.

1.3.8. Defects and deficiencies made during construction and installation, as well as equipment defects identified during acceptance and commissioning tests, comprehensive testing of electrical installations, must be eliminated. Acceptance for operation of electrical installations with defects and imperfections is not permitted.

1.3.9. Before testing and acceptance, conditions must be prepared for reliable and safe operation energy facility:

Electrical and electrical engineering personnel are staffed and trained (with knowledge testing);

operational instructions, labor protection instructions and operational schemes have been developed and approved, technical documentation on accounting and reporting;

prepared and tested protective equipment, tools, spare parts and materials;

communications, alarm and fire extinguishing, emergency lighting and ventilation facilities were put into operation.

1.3.10. Before being allowed into operation, electrical installations must be accepted by the Consumer (customer) in the prescribed manner.

1.3.11. Voltage is supplied to electrical installations only after obtaining permission from the state energy supervision authorities and on the basis of an electricity supply agreement between the Consumer and the energy supply organization.

monitoring and control systems were installed and adjusted;
permits for the operation of the power facility were obtained from supervisory authorities.
1.2.7. Comprehensive testing must be carried out by the customer. During comprehensive testing, the joint operation of the main units and all auxiliary equipment under load should be checked.
The beginning of a comprehensive testing of a power plant is considered to be the moment it is turned on under load.
Comprehensive testing of equipment according to schemes not provided for in the project is prohibited.
Comprehensive testing of equipment of power plants and boiler houses is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation of the main equipment for 72 hours on the main fuel with a rated load and design parameters of steam [for gas turbine units (GTU) - gas] for a thermal power plant, pressure and water flow for a hydroelectric power station provided in the launch complex, and with constant or alternate operation of all auxiliary equipment included in the launch complex.
In electrical networks, comprehensive testing is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation under load of substation equipment for 72 hours, and power lines for 24 hours.
In heating networks, comprehensive testing is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation of the equipment under load for 24 hours. nominal pressure provided in the launch complex.
For gas turbine units, a mandatory condition for comprehensive testing is, in addition, the successful completion of 10, and for hydraulic units of hydroelectric power stations and pumped storage power plants - 3 automatic starts.
During comprehensive testing, the control and measuring instruments provided for by the project, interlocks, alarm devices and remote control, protection and automatic control that do not require operational adjustment.
If comprehensive testing cannot be carried out on the main fuel or the rated load and design parameters of steam (for a gas turbine unit - gas) for a thermal power plant, pressure and water flow for a hydroelectric power plant or load for a substation, power lines during joint or separate testing and coolant parameters for thermal networks cannot be reached for any reason not related to the failure to complete the work provided for by the launch complex, the decision to conduct a comprehensive test on reserve fuel, as well as limit parameters and loads are accepted and established by the acceptance committee and are specified in the act of acceptance for operation of the launch complex.
1.2.8. To prepare the power facility (start-up complex) for presentation to the acceptance committee, the customer must appoint a working commission, which accepts the equipment according to the act after conducting its individual tests for comprehensive testing. From the moment this act is signed, the customer is responsible for the safety of the equipment.
The working commission must accept the equipment according to the act after comprehensive testing and elimination of identified defects and deficiencies, and also draw up an act on the readiness of completed buildings and structures for presentation to the acceptance committee.
If necessary, working commissions should form specialized subcommittees (construction, turbine, boiler, hydraulic, electrical, monitoring and control systems, etc.).
The subcommittees must draw up conclusions on the condition of the part of the facility corresponding to their profile and its readiness for comprehensive testing of equipment and acceptance into operation, which must be approved by the working commission.
1.2.9. When accepting equipment, buildings and structures by the working commission, the general contracting Building company must provide the customer with documentation to the extent required current SNiP and industry acceptance rules.
1.2.10. Control over the elimination of defects and deficiencies identified by the working commission must be carried out by the customer, who submits the energy facilities for acceptance.
1.2.11. Acceptance into operation of launch complexes, queues or energy facilities as a whole must be carried out by the acceptance committee.
The acceptance committee is appointed by the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation or lower management bodies, as well as investors, depending on the value, estimated cost launch facility and sources of construction financing.
1.2.12. Acceptance into operation of equipment, buildings and structures with defects and imperfections is prohibited.
After comprehensive testing and elimination of identified defects and deficiencies, the acceptance committee must issue an acceptance certificate for operation of the equipment with related buildings and structures. The acceptance committee establishes the duration of the period of development of serial equipment, during which the necessary tests, adjustment and development work must be completed and the operation of the equipment with design parameters must be ensured. For prototype equipment, the development period is set by the customer (investors) in accordance with the coordination plan for finishing, adjusting and mastering this equipment.
1.2.13. The customer must provide the acceptance commission with documentation prepared by the working commission to the extent provided for by the current SNiP and industry acceptance rules.
All documents must be entered into a general catalog, and separate folders with documents must contain certified inventories of the contents. The documents must be stored in the customer’s technical archive along with the documents drawn up by the acceptance committee.
1.2.14. Completed construction of detached buildings, structures and electrical devices, built-in or attached premises for production, auxiliary production and auxiliary purposes with equipment, controls and communications installed in them are accepted for operation by working commissions as they are ready before acceptance of the launch complex for presentation to the acceptance committee.
1.2.15. Experimental (experimental), pilot-industrial energy technology installations are subject to acceptance into operation by the acceptance committee if they are prepared to conduct experiments or produce products envisaged by the project.
1.2.16. The underwater part of all hydraulic structures (with embedded instrumentation and equipment), as well as navigation and fish passage devices must be completed within the scope of the launch complex and accepted by the working commission before their flooding. Their final acceptance in full design volume must be carried out when the power facility as a whole is accepted into operation. Permission to flood a pit and block river beds (for hydroelectric power plants) is given by the State Acceptance Commission or a commission specially appointed by the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation.
1.2.17. The date of commissioning of the facility is considered to be the date of signing the act by the acceptance committee.

1.3. Staff

1.3.1. Persons who have a special education and have undergone training to the extent required for the position.
1.3.2. Persons who have undergone professional selection and received a license to manage these installations are allowed to directly influence the control bodies of power installations.
1.3.3. Personnel appointed to supervise the work of persons operating the controls of power installations and persons directly servicing power installations must be trained to the extent of special requirements.
1.3.4. Workers engaged in heavy work and work associated with hazardous or dangerous conditions labor must undergo mandatory preliminary (upon entry to work) and periodic (during labor activity) medical examinations to determine their suitability for the assigned work and warnings occupational diseases.
The list of harmful production factors and work during which preliminary and periodic medical examinations are carried out, and the procedure for conducting such examinations are established by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
1.3.5. At energy facilities, constant work with personnel should be carried out, aimed at ensuring their readiness to perform professional functions and maintaining their qualifications. Training and instruction on occupational safety must be continuous and multi-level.
1.3.6. To ensure work with personnel at energy facilities, stationary training installations, training centers and other specialized educational establishments.
The training and production unit for personnel training must have training grounds, classrooms, workshops, laboratories, must be equipped with technical means of teaching and training. Highly qualified specialists should be involved in personnel training.
1.3.7. At energy facilities, in accordance with standard regulations, a technical library, technical office, and safety and industrial safety rooms must function.
1.3.8. Energy facilities and other electric power industry organizations must work to involve and professionally guide young people and other socio-demographic groups of the population to work in the industry.
1.3.9. Responsibility for working with personnel at an energy facility lies with the person managing the property of this energy facility.
1.3.10. Management of the process of training, maintaining and improving the qualifications of personnel should be carried out by technical managers, and control over its implementation should be carried out by the heads of enterprises (organizations).
1.3.11. Depending on the category of employees, the following forms of work with personnel are established:
training for a new position (profession) with on-the-job training (internship);
testing knowledge of rules, regulations and instructions on technical operation, labor protection, industrial and fire safety;
duplication;
control emergency and fire drills;
safety and health safety briefings: introductory, primary, repeated (periodic), targeted (current);
special training;
classes on fire-technical minimum;
continuous professional training to improve skills.
1.3.12. Work with personnel is organized and carried out according to plans approved by the technical manager of the power facility or structural unit:
at energy facilities - multi-year or annual;
V structural divisions energy facility - quarterly or monthly.
1.3.13. Work plans must contain the following areas:
training new workers;
retraining and training of workers in second and related professions;

Chapter 1.3. ACCEPTANCE FOR OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

1.3.1. New or reconstructed electrical installations and start-up complexes must be put into operation in the manner set out in these Rules and other regulatory documents.

1.3.2. Before installation or reconstruction of electrical installations, it is necessary to:

• obtain technical specifications from the energy supply organization;
• complete design documentation;
• coordinate the design documentation with the energy supply organization that issued the technical specifications and the state energy supervision body.

1.3.3. Before accepting electrical installations into operation, the following must be carried out:

• during the construction and installation of a power facility - intermediate acceptance of equipment units and structures, including hidden work;
• acceptance testing of equipment and commissioning tests of individual electrical installation systems;
• comprehensive testing of equipment.

1.3.4. Acceptance tests of equipment and commissioning tests of individual systems must be carried out according to design schemes by the contractor (general contractor) with the involvement of the customer’s personnel after completion of all construction and installation work on the electrical installation being delivered, and comprehensive testing must be carried out by the customer.

1.3.5. Before acceptance and commissioning tests and comprehensive testing of equipment, compliance with these Rules, rules for electrical installations, building codes and regulations, state standards, occupational safety rules, explosion and fire safety rules, instructions from manufacturers, and equipment installation instructions must be checked.

1.3.6. To carry out commissioning and testing of electrical equipment, it is allowed to switch on electrical installations according to the design diagram on the basis of a temporary permit issued by the state energy supervision authorities.

1.3.7. During a comprehensive testing of equipment, the operability of the equipment and technological schemes and the safety of their operation must be checked; all monitoring and control systems, protection and interlock devices, alarm devices and instrumentation were checked and configured. Comprehensive testing is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation of the main and auxiliary equipment for 72 hours, and power lines for 24 hours.

1.3.8. Defects and deficiencies made during construction and installation, as well as equipment defects identified during acceptance and commissioning tests, comprehensive testing of electrical installations, must be eliminated. Acceptance for operation of electrical installations with defects and imperfections is not permitted.

1.3.9. Before testing and acceptance, conditions must be prepared for reliable and safe operation of the power facility:

• Electrical and electrical engineering personnel are staffed and trained (with knowledge testing);
• operational instructions, labor protection instructions and operational schemes, technical documentation for accounting and reporting were developed and approved;
• protective equipment, tools, spare parts and materials have been prepared and tested;
• communications, alarm and fire extinguishing, emergency lighting and ventilation facilities were put into operation.

1.3.10. Before being allowed into operation, electrical installations must be accepted by the Consumer (customer) in the prescribed manner.

1.3.11. Voltage is supplied to electrical installations only after obtaining permission from the state energy supervision authorities and on the basis of an electricity supply agreement between the Consumer and the energy supply organization.

K category: Boiler installation

Sampling and testing of boiler room equipment

The installed equipment is tested and tested to verify the correct installation and its readiness for a comprehensive test of the boiler unit. In the process of testing equipment, we achieve reliable operation mechanisms without knocking and jamming, leaks of liquid, air or fuel oil, as well as unacceptable heating of bearings and other rubbing surfaces.

Before the start of sampling and testing of equipment, unit-by-unit inspection reports are drawn up and compliance is checked next works:
— adding concrete to foundation bolts, support frames of mechanisms, supporting structures pipelines and metal structures;
- tightening of foundation bolts, as well as bolted connections mechanism and pipelines and metal structures connected to it (dust pipelines, gas-air pipelines, etc.);
— connection of pipelines supplying water to the mechanism for cooling bearings and hydraulic seals, drains and other auxiliary pipelines;
— completeness of installation of communications connected to the mechanism, including hydraulic testing;
- completeness electrical installation work, including permanent lighting of work areas and installation of a button for emergency shutdown of the electric motor;
- serviceability shut-off valves, remote drives and the presence of direction of rotation indicators on them;
— installation of instrumentation and automatic devices;
— installation of guards and covers on open rotating parts of the mechanism;
— thermal insulation of hot surfaces;
— covering channels, pits, manholes, etc., as well as installing service platforms, stairs and fences; deletion foreign objects, garbage and dirt. Special attention pay attention to availability and quality lubricants in bearings and gear housings.

Before starting turbopumps and piston steam pumps, the steam lines are purged and a completion report is drawn up.

Before a test run of the mechanism, manually turn the rotor and make sure there are no jams or knocks. Device activation automatic shutdown The mechanisms are checked manually. Next, briefly turning on the electric motor determines the correct direction of rotation of the rotor of the mechanism. A test run of the mechanisms is carried out at idle.

Centrifugal pumps are put into operation in the following sequence: close the valve on the pressure pipe on the coca, the vacuum gauge valve and open the pressure gauge valve; the pump and suction pipeline are filled with the pumped liquid, while air is released through air valves, plugs or other devices. In cases where the pump is installed above the liquid level in the receiving tank, it is filled with liquid through a funnel cut into the suction pipe of the pump, or by sucking liquid with an ejector or vacuum pump, and then the electric motor is started.

When the pump is idling, the energy of rotation of the pump impeller is spent on friction and heating of the liquid, therefore, after the pump reaches operating frequency rotation slightly opens the valve on the discharge pipeline to allow liquid to pass in an amount that prevents heating of the pump housing. For piston steam pumps, the valve on the discharge pipeline is opened so that the liquid pressure does not exceed the operating pressure. Pump operation is considered normal if there is no knocking or seizing, the heating of the bearings does not exceed 65 °C and the oil seals do not exceed 25 °C of ambient temperature, and vibration at the rated speed does not more values given below.

Testing of the pump is considered completed after normal and stable operation for 2 hours.

Next, the pump is tested under load for 4 hours to check its performance at a given head, pressure and power consumption. During the load test, the pump is usually turned on for recirculation. For example, water is supplied to the feed pump from the deaerator and is pumped back to the deaerator through a recirculation pipeline. If the pump is tested on hot liquid, then monitor the pressure at the pump suction. If the liquid pressure is less values given below for the corresponding temperature of the pumped medium, the liquid will boil and break stable work pump

A test run of smoke exhausters and fans is performed at idle with the guide vanes (vanes) closed. After the units reach full frequency rotation of the gate is partially opened, and in the absence of malfunctions, the mechanism operates for 10 minutes. After this, the smoke exhauster or fan is stopped and inspected. If no defects or malfunctions are found during the inspection, the mechanism is restarted and run idle for 1 hour, while monitoring for the absence of jamming of rotating parts, oil leaks and increased vibration. Bearings can heat up 35...40 °C above the ambient temperature, but not more than 65 °C.

If the results of testing the smoke exhauster or fan at idle are satisfactory, they are tested under load (with the guide vanes and dampers open) for 4 hours. In all cases, the smoke exhauster and fan are started at idle to avoid overloading the electric motor. Load the mechanism gradually, while observing the ammeter readings. The current consumption should not exceed the value specified in the mechanism's passport.

A test run of mechanical screens, coal and dust feeders is carried out at minimum speeds and without fuel. Mechanical gratings are tested at idle for 24 hours, and coal and dust feeders - for 4 hours. Indicators normal operation of these mechanisms at idle speed: absence of jamming, grazing and shock in moving parts, noise in gears, oil leakage from bearings and oil systems, uniform heating of bearings within 60...70 °C, vibration of feeder bearings no more than 0.12 mm and gearbox bearings - 0.05 mm.

Scraper systems for fuel supply, slag removal, conveyors and lifts are also tested at idle speed without coal and water in the scraper channels for 1 hour. At the same time, the proper operation of winches, guide blocks, limit switches and ropes is monitored. The scraper bucket must pass freely in the scraper channel without deviating from the guide devices or touching the channel walls. Defects identified during testing are eliminated before testing the equipment under load. Scraper systems are tested under load during a comprehensive testing of the boiler unit for 72 hours.

To identify and eliminate leaks gas-air path boiler unit, they will test the air ducts and air heaters, as well as the furnace and flue ducts of the boiler. Leaks in air ducts and air heaters are determined by pressure testing them with air forced by a blower fan. At the same time, the dampers on the air path after the air heater are closed.

Then one or two buckets of dry powdered chalk are poured into the fan suction pipe, which, coming out through existing leaks, marks the location of air leaks.

To determine leaks in the furnace and boiler flue ducts, a slight excess pressure is created in them using fans (in this case, the dampers in front of the smoke exhauster must be closed). At the same time, a special smoke bomb is ignited in the boiler furnace. The places where smoke escapes are marked with chalk and after testing the leaks are eliminated. In the firebox and flues, leaks can be determined in another way. To do this, turn on the smoke exhauster and create a vacuum in the flues. A burning torch is brought to the outer surfaces of the gas ducts. If there are leaks, the torch flame will deviate towards the air suction areas. The latter method of determining leaks is more labor-intensive and requires special care when using open fire in operating boiler rooms. Detected leaks are sealed with asbestos cord, followed by coating with a special mixture.

The results of individual testing of equipment under load are documented in a report, which serves as a document recording the completion of installation work for this equipment.

1.2.7. Comprehensive testing must be carried out by the customer. During comprehensive testing, the joint operation of the main units and all auxiliary equipment under load should be checked.

Commencement of comprehensive testing of the power plantnew device is considered the moment it is connected to the network or underload.

Comprehensive testing of equipment according to the schememothers not provided for by the project are not allowed.

Comprehensive testing of electrical equipmentstations and boiler houses is considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and continuous operation of the mainequipment for 72 hours on main fuel withrated load and design steam parameters[for gas turbine units (GTU) gas] for thermalpower plants, pressure and water flow for hydroelectricstations provided for in the launch complex, andwith constant or alternating operation of all auxiliarypropellant equipment included in the launch complex.

Comprehensive testing in electrical networksis considered to be carried out under the condition of normal and notintermittent operation under equipment load understations within 72 hours, and power lines within thoseReading 24 hours

In heating networks, comprehensive testing of calculationscarried out under normal and continuous conditionsoperation of the equipment at full load for 24 hours at the nominal pressure specified in the commissioningin the complex.

For gas turbine plants, a mandatory condition for comprehensive testing is, in addition, the successful completion of10, and for hydraulic units of hydroelectric power stations and pumped storage power plants - 3 automaticno launches.

During comprehensive testing, it should be includedchens provided for by the project instrumentation, blocking,alarm and remote control devices,protection and automatic regulation, do not requiremode adjustments.

If comprehensive testing cannot be carried out on the main fuel or rated loadand design parameters of steam (for gas turbine units - gas) for heathowl of the power plant, pressure and flow of water for hydrotransmission lines during joint or separate testing and coolant parameters for heating networkscannot be achieved for any reason, notassociated with the failure to complete the work provided for by the launch complex, the decision to carry out a comprehensivetesting on reserve fuel, as well as limitingparameters and loads are accepted and established by the acceptance committee and are specified in the acceptance certificatecommissioning of the launch complex.

Comprehensive testing should be carried out after eliminating defects and deficiencies identified by the working commission during unit-by-unit acceptance and individual testing of equipment.

The main objectives of comprehensive load testing are:

examination collaboration main units and auxiliary equipment;

identification possible defects in equipment, devices and structures.

The program and schedule for comprehensive equipment testing are drawn up by the customer together with commissioning organizations, agreed upon with the general contractor, installation organizations, and plant supervisors and approved by the acceptance committee.

Comprehensive testing is carried out by the customer with the participation of representatives of the general contractor, the general design organization, relevant installation and commissioning organizations, and, if necessary, manufacturers of equipment and equipment. To perform comprehensive testing, the customer provides:

qualified operating personnel;

fuel, demineralized water, condensate, electricity, steam, compressed air, lubricating oils and other auxiliary materials;

additional instrumentation to monitor the reliability of equipment operation.

During comprehensive testing, the general contractor and subcontractors ensure:

Carrying out the necessary work to eliminate detected installation defects before the end of comprehensive testing (defects that do not reduce the reliability of equipment operation, do not lead to a deterioration in its technical and economic performance and environmental protection conditions can be eliminated after the completion of comprehensive testing);

Installation personnel on duty for the entire period of comprehensive testing.

The customer is responsible for safety precautions, explosion and fire safety during comprehensive testing.

After eliminating the defects and deficiencies identified during comprehensive testing, the acceptance committee accepts the power facility for operation.

Comprehensive testing is one of the more complex and responsible operational operations, since for the first time it connects all the power plant equipment into a single technological chain. Therefore, carrying out comprehensive testing requires not only good installation of equipment, but also careful preparation and qualified, well-coordinated work of operating personnel, who act at their workplaces during complex testing.

Work and activities carried out during the preparation and comprehensive testing of equipment are carried out according to the program and schedule developed by the customer or on his behalf by the commissioning organization and agreed upon with the general contractor and subcontractor installation organizations and, if necessary, with the supervisory staff of equipment manufacturers.

The comprehensive testing program must have a section defining the responsibility of testing participants for safety, explosion and fire safety.

Comprehensive testing should be preceded by:

- at thermal power plants: load testing of solid or liquid fuel supply devices with the commissioning of air dedusting installations on the fuel supply path, installations for mechanical sampling and cutting of solid fuel samples, metal collection devices; steam testing of the boiler; adjustment of safety valves; purging of steam lines; test firing of the boiler without turning and with turning the turbine (running in the turbogenerator, checking its vibration state, checking the safety circuit breaker; drying, adjusting and testing the generator); putting the water treatment plant into operation; organization of water regime and chemical control of the unit or boiler; setting up monitoring and control systems on existing equipment; adjustment and testing of automatic control devices, remote and automatic control shut-off and regulatory bodies, technological protections and interlocks (to the extent possible under the conditions of test runs of equipment); adjustment, configuration and testing of protection and electrical automation;

at hydroelectric power plants: testing the idling operation of the thrust bearing and bearings of the hydraulic unit; checking the transfer of the unit from manual control to automatic control; reading the characteristics of the automatic control system and checking the stability of the regulator; checking the opening of the guide vane during turbine start-up and idle mode, the starting angle of rotation of the impeller blades (for rotary-blade hydraulic turbines), and the rotation speed relay. After checking and testing the mechanisms at idle, permission is given to turn on the excitation and dry the generator in accordance with technical specifications for installation and instructions from the generator manufacturer. After drying, electrical tests of the generator windings are carried out according to a program drawn up in accordance with current GOSTs, as well as testing the electric machine exciter of the generator;

in electrical networks: carrying out acceptance tests of all equipment and equipment of electrical installations and power lines included in the complex being put into operation electrical network, in accordance with the requirements of the Electrical Equipment Test Standards.

The purpose of comprehensive testing of substations and power transmission lines of the electrical network is to check the uninterrupted operation of the network under rated voltage and under load for a specified time; this ensures a sufficient level of reliability of the insulation of electrical equipment of power lines put into operation;

- in heating networks: purge of steam pipelines with steam discharge into the atmosphere, hydropneumatic flushing of water networks in closed systems heating supply and condenser lines, hydropneumatic washing and disinfection followed by re-rinsing with drinking water in open systems heat supply, hydraulic pressure testing of pipelines and equipment in accordance with the requirements of PTE, individual testing of pumping station equipment.

During comprehensive testing, the joint operation of the main units and their auxiliary equipment under load is checked.

The management of the comprehensive testing is carried out by a technical manager appointed by the commission, as a rule, the chief engineer of the energy enterprise.

To carry out comprehensive testing, the customer provides: qualified, trained (with knowledge testing) operating personnel; water, condensate, electricity, steam, compressed air, lubricants and other auxiliary materials; additional instrumentation to monitor the reliability of equipment operation during startup and commissioning.

During a comprehensive testing, the general contractor and subcontractors ensure the availability of installation personnel on duty for the entire period of complex testing and the completion of the necessary work to eliminate identified installation defects until the end of the comprehensive testing.

Repair work on equipment during the comprehensive testing period is carried out according to work permits in accordance with the requirements of the current PTE and PTB.

Comprehensive testing of double blocks is carried out when two boilers are ready. In the process of comprehensive testing, the technical possibility of reliable operation of the power plant with the generation, conversion or transmission of electrical or thermal energy envisaged by the project must be established. In accordance with this, PTEs require normal and continuous operation of the introduced object during comprehensive testing. Interruptions in operation caused by failures of the introduced equipment indicate its insufficient reliability and the need for additional adjustment or replacement (repair) of individual components. Based on experience, it has been established that in order to determine the operability of the equipment, it is enough for it to operate continuously for 72 hours. For gas turbine units (GTU) and hydraulic units of HPPs and PSPPs intended for operation in the mode of regulating load peaks in the power system, it is also necessary to ensure reliability work with frequent starts and stops. Therefore, a prerequisite for comprehensive testing of gas turbine units is the successful completion of 10 automatic starts, and of hydraulic units of hydroelectric power stations and pumped storage power plants - 3 automatic starts.

During comprehensive testing, it is not necessary to turn on automatic control devices that require routine adjustment; such adjustment should be carried out during the period of mastering the equipment.

Comprehensive testing of equipment, as a rule, is carried out using design fuel, at design steam (gas) parameters, rated load, pressures and water flow rates at the hydroelectric power station, at which maximum stresses are observed in the components and parts of the equipment. However, in some cases it may not be possible to meet this requirement.

If all the work provided for by the launch complex has been completed in full, and the start-up and load taking cannot be carried out for external reasons: lack of consumers of electrical and thermal energy for electrical and heating networks, lack of design fuel for thermal power plants, then the acceptance committee can make a decision on carrying out comprehensive testing on reserve (starter) fuel with reduced parameters and loads compared to the nominal ones; for power transmission and substations by putting them under voltage (without loading); for heating networks with two or more pipes by circulating the coolant through a jumper, and for a single-pipe heating network by putting it under pressure.

The acceptance committee may also decide to conduct comprehensive testing at partial load and reduced steam and gas parameters (for gas turbine and combined cycle gas turbine units), if the main equipment (especially head samples) does not allow it to be carried out at nominal values ​​due to design flaws and revealed manufacturing defects .

The first units of newly built hydroelectric power plants, as a rule, are launched and undergo comprehensive testing at reduced water pressures due to incompletely constructed retaining structures, which should be reflected in the start-up complex; specific values starting pressures are established by the acceptance committee. Sometimes, to start at reduced flow rates and water pressures, temporary wheels of hydraulic turbines are used, designed to operate at reduced pressure.

An earlier comprehensive testing with deviation from the requirement to achieve the rated load and design parameters allows for hydroelectric power stations to reduce the payback period of capital investments, and for thermal power plants to reduce the period of equipment development. At the same time, the customer receives an earlier opportunity to gain experience in operating the equipment, identifying possible defects in the design, design and manufacture of equipment, which is especially important for prototype samples.

The commissioning certificate for the launch complex notes all deviations from the nominal values ​​in the operation of the equipment, accepted by the acceptance committee. The capacity commissioning plan must take into account the actual capacities achieved during comprehensive testing.

1.2.8. To prepare a power facility (start-up complex)to be presented to the acceptance committee must be atthere is a working commission that accepts the actequipment after carrying out its individual tests for comprehensive testing. Sincesigning this act, the organization is responsible for maintainingness of the equipment.

The working commission accepts the equipment according to the report after comprehensive testing and elimination of identified defects and deficiencies, and also draws up a report on the readiness of completed buildings and structures for presentation to the acceptance committee.

The working commission is appointed by a decision (order, resolution, etc.) of the customer. The terms of creation, procedure and duration of work of the working commission are determined by the customer in agreement with the general contractor and subcontractors for the installation of main process equipment.

The working commission includes representatives;

customer (chairman of the commission);

general contractor;

subcontractors;

general designer;

state sanitary inspection bodies;

state fire supervision authorities;

state labor safety inspection bodies;

bodies of the State Energy Supervision Authority of the Ministry of Energy of Russia;

bodies of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia;

an energy audit organization carrying out pre-startup (pre-operational) energy inspection;

Other interested organizations as decided by the customer.

At the main power plants, the working commission includes representatives of the manufacturing plants of the main main equipment and equipment.

In addition, the working commission that accepts the auxiliary facilities specified in the PTE also includes representatives of the departments responsible for the operation of these facilities.

The working commission is created before the start of comprehensive testing no later than:

for 12 months for the main and first power plants at the power plant, as well as for experimental installations;

for 6 months for steam turbine power units of thermal power plants with a capacity of 175 MW and above, as well as gas turbine and combined cycle gas turbine units with a capacity of 100 MW and above;

within 4 months for hydroelectric power units;

in 2 months for steam turbine units Thermal power plants with a capacity of less than 175 MW, as well as gas turbine and combined cycle gas turbine units with a capacity of less than 100 MW.

In other cases, a working commission is created no later than five days after receiving a written notification from the general contractor about the readiness of the equipment or facility for delivery.

The working commission performs the following work:

checks the compliance of completed construction and installation works, labor protection measures, ensuring explosion and fire safety, environmental protection natural environment and anti-seismic measures, design and estimate documentation, standards, building codes and work rules;

accepts equipment after individual tests to transfer it for comprehensive testing;

accepts equipment after comprehensive testing and makes a decision on the possibility of presenting it to the acceptance committee;

checks individual structures, components of buildings and structures and accepts buildings and structures for presentation to the acceptance committee;

checks the readiness of energy facilities submitted to the commissioning acceptance committee for uninterrupted operation and development of designed capacities in regulatory deadlines, in particular, checks the staffing of the facility with operational personnel, energy resources, materials and the possibility of selling products, as well as the provision of operational personnel with the sanitary facilities, catering facilities, residential and public buildings necessary for servicing;

based on the results of inspections, draws up reports on the readiness of the power facility for presentation to the acceptance committee, and also prepares summary materials on the readiness of the power facility for acceptance into operation by the acceptance committee;

carries out acceptance of the underwater part of hydraulic structures (with the laying of control and measuring equipment) and equipment before their flooding and draws up a report on their readiness for flooding for presentation to the acceptance committee.

The working commission accepts into operation the following buildings, structures and premises that are part of the energy facility: water treatment plants, starting boiler houses, backup and diesel power plants, railway tracks, unloading and defrosting devices, oil and fuel oil facilities, compressor pumping stations, treatment facilities, electrolyzer and carbon dioxide installations, electrical installations and civil defense rooms, central heating points, repair shops and workshops, assembly points and communication points, oxygen and propane-butane dispensers, warehouses and storage facilities, fire and railway depots, garages, nitrogen-oxygen and acetylene generator stations , ash and slag dumps, waste incineration buildings, chlorination plants, structures and premises used by construction and installation organizations during the construction process. The working commission has the right:

Carry out, if necessary, additional (exceeding those provided for by building codes and rules and other regulatory documents) sampling and testing of equipment, as well as individual structures and components of buildings and structures, and involve for this purpose in the prescribed manner the personnel of the general contractor and its subcontractors;

Check, if necessary, the compliance of the volume and quality of hidden work performed with the data specified in the reports submitted by the general contractor;

Check the compliance of the work specified in the acceptance certificates of individual structures and components with the actual work performed, and also check the conclusions given in the test reports of water, heat and gas supply systems, etc.

If necessary, the working commission can form specialized subcommittees (construction, turbine, boiler, hydraulic and electrical engineering, monitoring and control systems, etc.). Subcommittees draw up conclusions on the condition of the part of the facility corresponding to their profile and its readiness for comprehensive testing of equipment and acceptance into operation, which are approved by the working commission. Each specialized subcommittee draws up a conclusion on the condition of the corresponding part of the facility accepted after technical re-equipment and its readiness for comprehensive testing of equipment and acceptance into operation.

The conclusion contains:

assessment of the quality of construction and installation works;

assessment of the quality of installed equipment;

data from checking the elimination of deficiencies and correction of defects in construction and installation work;

conclusions and proposals (data on the readiness of the tested part of the facility for operation and proposals for measures that must be taken to create normal conditions uninterrupted and reliable operation).

The conclusions of specialized subcommittees are approved by the working commission.

The general contractor submits the following documentation to the working commission:

A list of organizations involved in construction and installation work, indicating the types of work they performed and a list of responsible engineering and technical workers for each type of work;

A set of working drawings for the construction of energy facilities submitted for acceptance, developed by design organizations, with inscriptions on the compliance of the work performed in kind with these drawings or changes made to them, the results of the energy expertise of the project. The specified set of working drawings is as-built documentation;

certificates, technical passports or other documents certifying quality of materials, structures and parts used in construction and installation works;

acts on inspection of hidden work and acts on intermediate acceptance of individual critical structures;

- acts on testing of devices providing explosion, fire and lightning protection;

acts on tests of adhesion strength in masonry load-bearing walls stone buildings located in seismic areas;

reports of individual tests of equipment installed by him, process pipelines up to 22 kgf/cm 2 (2.16 MPa);

certificates of inspection and testing of the underwater part of hydraulic structures and equipment, embedded control and measuring equipment and readiness for flooding the pit and blocking the river bed;

three-line diagram of overhead power transmission lines with phase colors, transposition of wires and numbers of transposition supports;

reports of inspections and measurements of transitions and intersections, drawn up with representatives of interested organizations (for overhead lines);

acts (conclusions) of the energy audit organization on conducting a pre-start-up energy inspection by type of equipment included in the start-up complex.

Construction and installation organizations upon delivery of main and auxiliary power, general station and other equipment, process pipelines, including pipelines of automatic fire extinguishing systems, building metal and reinforced concrete structures (to the extent of work provided for in the subcontract agreement) provide the working commission with the following documentation:

acts on individual tests installed equipment;

certificates on testing process pipelines, internal systems cold and hot water supply, sewerage, gas supply, heating and ventilation, external water supply networks, sewerage, heat, gas supply and drainage devices;

acts on the implementation of compaction (sealing) of inputs and outputs of utility lines in places where they pass through underground part external walls of buildings in accordance with the project.

Electrical installation and specialized organizations for the delivery of electrical devices; automation systems; telephone, radio, television, alarm devices; automatic systems, fire extinguishing systems at substations; construction metal and reinforced concrete structures(to the extent of work provided for in subcontract agreements) submit the following documentation to the working commission:

acts on testing of internal and external electrical installations and electrical networks;

acts on testing telephone, radio, television, alarm and automation devices.

Construction, installation, electrical and specialized organizations provide documentation to the working commission, if this is specifically stipulated in subcontract agreements. In the absence of this record, the documentation is submitted by the general contractor.

The presence of the specified documentation with the customer allows you to reasonably and competently organize the operation of the power facility (power installation), for this purpose the working commission transfers all the documentation to it.

Control over the elimination of defects and deficiencies identified by the working commission must be carried out by the customer, who submits the energy facilities for acceptance.

From the beginning of work at the site, the customer organizes the acceptance of completed construction and installation work (structural construction units and technological delivery units) and input control equipment, electrical equipment, automated process control systems and SDTU equipment, instruments and devices arriving at warehouses and sites. At the same time, lists of construction and installation defects and deficiencies, design defects and equipment defects (structural and manufacturing) are compiled. Identification of defects, deficiencies and control over their elimination is carried out by the employees of the operation of technological workshops and laboratories, involved specialized organizations, and final stage construction - by its own specialists and specialists from involved organizations included in working commission and subcommittees.

Defects and deficiencies in construction and installation work and the project are eliminated by the general contractor and his subcontractors; equipment defects - by manufacturers.

Monitoring the elimination of defects and shortcomings ensures the possibility of timely commissioning of the facility, and therefore must be carried out continuously, purposefully and systematically with prompt notification of the general contractor about the progress of eliminating defects and shortcomings for each unit.

The progress of eliminating defects is monitored by the working commission, for which purpose it regularly hears reports from customer representatives on this issue at its meetings and, if necessary, makes decisions to intensify work to eliminate defects and shortcomings.