Wall, facing and special ceramic products. Structural building ceramics. Limit deviations of other product parameters

GOST 530-2007

Group Zh11

INTERSTATE STANDARD

CERAMIC BRICKS AND STONES

General technical conditions

Ceramic bricks and stones. General specifications

MKS 91.100.15
91.100.25

Date of introduction 2008-03-01

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and MSN 1.01-01-96 "System of interstate regulatory documents in construction. Basic provisions"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED by Open Joint Stock Company VNIISTR them. P.P. Budnikova, Russian society construction engineers (ROIS)

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (Protocol No. 31 of May 24, 2007)

4 This standard is in accordance with the European standard EN 771-1:2003 "Definitions concerning wall stones- Part 1: Brick" (EN 771-1:2003 "Definitions concerning wall stones - Part 1: Brick" regarding requirements for medium density and thermal properties

5 By order Federal agency By technical regulation and metrology dated September 24, 2007 N 248-st interstate standard GOST 530-2007 put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation from March 1, 2008

6 INSTEAD GOST 530-95, GOST 7484-78

Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard is published in the index " National standards".

Information about changes to this standard is published in the index (catalogue) "National Standards", and the text of the changes is published in the information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the information index "National Standards"

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to ceramic bricks and stones (hereinafter referred to as products) used for masonry and cladding of load-bearing and self-supporting structures. load-bearing walls and other elements of buildings and structures, and establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, product testing methods. Solid brick is also used for laying foundations and exterior chimneys, industrial and household stoves. Products can be used in other building structures taking into account technical characteristics specified in this standard.

This standard uses normative references to the following: interstate standards:

GOST 162-90 Vernier depth gauges. Specifications

GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Specifications

GOST 3749-77 Test squares 90°. Specifications

GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and frost resistance control

GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining compressive and bending strengths

GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo

GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications

GOST 25706-83 Magnifiers. Types, basic parameters. General technical requirements

GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures

GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity natural radionuclides

GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards and classifiers on the territory of the state using the corresponding index of standards and classifiers compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in this year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in this standard:

3.1 brick: Ceramic piece product, intended for laying masonry.

3.2 normal format brick (single): Product with nominal dimensions 250x120x65 mm.

3.3 stone: Large-sized hollow ceramic product intended for masonry.

3.4 solid brick: Brick in which there are no voids.

3.5 hollow brick: Brick having through voids various shapes and sizes.

3.6 facing brick: Product that provides performance characteristics masonry and performing functions decorative material.

3.7 ordinary brick: A product that ensures the performance characteristics of masonry.

3.8 bed: The working edge of the product, located parallel to the base of the masonry (see Figure 1).

1 - width; 2 - length; 3 - thickness; 4 - spoons; 5 - bed; 6 - poke

Figure 1 - Fragment of masonry

3.9 spoon: The largest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).

3.10 poke: The smallest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).

3.11 crack: Rupture of a product without breaking it into pieces.

3.12 through crack: A crack passing through the entire thickness of the product and extending up to half or more of the width of the product.

3.13 notching: A crack with an opening width of no more than 0.5 mm (see Appendix B).

3.14 brokenness: Mechanical damage edges, edges, corners of the product.

3.15 chipping: A defect in a product caused by the presence of carbonate or other inclusions (see Appendix B).

3.16 peeling: Destruction of a product in the form of detachment of thin plates from its surface (see Appendix B).

3.17 spalling: Shedding of fragments of the surface of the product (see Appendix B).

3.18 cracking: The appearance or increase in size of a crack after exposure to alternating temperatures (see Appendix B).

3.19 polovnyak: Two parts of a product formed when it is split. Products that have through cracks are classified as half.

3.20 Contact spot: An area of ​​the surface of a product that is different in color, which appears during the drying or firing process and does not affect the characteristics of the product.

3.21 efflorescence: Water-soluble salts that come out on the surface of a fired product upon contact with moisture.

3.22 black core: An area inside a product caused by the formation of ferric oxide during the firing process of the product.

4 Classification, dimensions and symbols

4.1 Classification

4.1.1 Products are divided into ordinary and facial.

Facing bricks and stones are made according to the type of front surface:

With a smooth and textured surface;

With a surface textured by shotcrete, engobing, glazing, two-layer molding, application polymer coating or otherwise.

Facial products can be natural or 3D colored.

4.1.2 Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow.

Voids in products can be located perpendicular (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).

4.1.3 According to the strength of the product (except for large-format stone and brick and stone with horizontal voids) they are divided into grades M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; large-format stones - M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100.

4.1.4 According to frost resistance, products are divided into brands F25, F35, F50, F75, F100.

4.1.5 Based on average density, products are divided into classes: 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0.

4.1.6 According to the thermal characteristics of the product, depending on the average density class, they are divided into groups in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1 - Product groups by thermal characteristics

4.2 Main dimensions

4.2.1 Products are manufactured in nominal sizes given in Table 2.

Table 2 - Nominal dimensions of products

In millimeters

4.2.2 The thickness of the outer walls of hollow bricks and stones must be at least 12 mm, large-format stone - at least 10 mm.

4.2.3 The diameter of vertical cylindrical voids and the side size of square voids should be no more than 20 mm, and the width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm.

The dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

For stone, voids are allowed (for gripping during laying) with a cross-sectional area not exceeding 13% of the area of ​​the stone bed.

4.2.4 Maximum deviations of nominal dimensions should not exceed on one product, mm:

4.2.5 Deviation from perpendicularity adjacent faces no longer allowed:

3 mm - for brick and stone;

1.4% of the length of any facet - for large-format stone.

4.2.6 Deviation from the flatness of product edges of more than 3 mm is not allowed.

4.2.7 The symbol of ceramic products must consist of: name of the type of product, designation of the type of product in accordance with Table 2; letters P - for privates, L - for facial ones; size designations in accordance with table 2; designations: By - for solid brick, Pu - for hollow brick; grades for strength and frost resistance; medium density class and designation of this standard.

Examples of symbols

Ordinary (face) brick, solid, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPO (KOLPO) 1NF/100/2.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, hollow, single, size 1NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KORPu (KOLPu) 1NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, hollow, thickened, size 1.4NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KURPu (KULPu) 1.4NF/150/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Brick modular sizes 1.3NF, strength grade M150, medium density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KM 1.3NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) stone, size 2.1NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KR (KL) 2.1NF/150/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

Large-format ordinary (front) stone, size 9.3NF, strength grade M150, average density class 1.0, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KKR (KKL) 9.3NF/150/1.0/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) brick, thickened with horizontal voids, size 1.4NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:

Brick KGUR (KGUL) 1.4NF/100/1.4/50/GOST 530-2007

Ordinary (face) stone with horizontal voids, size 1.8NF, strength grade M100, average density class 1.2, frost resistance grade F50:

Stone KGR (KGL) 1.8NF/100/1.2/50/GOST 530-2007

4.2.8 It is allowed to enter into the symbol for complete identification of products Additional information.

When carrying out export-import operations, the product designation may be specified in the contract for the supply of products (including entering additional alphanumeric or other information).

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations, approved by the manufacturer.

5.2 Appearance

5.2.1 Front products must have at least two front faces - spoon and butt. The color and type of the front edge are established by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and are stipulated in the supply contract.

5.2.2 On facial products, chipping caused by inclusions, such as limestone, is not allowed. On ordinary products, chips with a total area of ​​no more than 1.0 cm2 are allowed.

5.2.3 Efflorescence is not allowed on facial products.

5.2.4 Defects appearance products whose dimensions and number exceed the values ​​​​specified in table 3 are not allowed.

Table 3 - Defects in the appearance of products

5.2.5 For regular and front products, a black core and contact spots on the surface are allowed.

5.2.6 A batch is not allowed to contain more than 5% of the batch volume.

5.3 Characteristics

5.3.1 The average density of brick and stone, depending on the average density class, must correspond to the values ​​​​given in Table 4.

Table 4 - Average density classes of products

5.3.2 Thermal characteristics of products are assessed by the thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry in a dry state. The thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in a dry state, depending on the group of products according to thermal characteristics, is given in Table 5.

Table 5 - Product groups by thermal characteristics

Table 6 - Strength limits of products in compression and bending

The strength grade of the products must be no lower than: hollow brick and stone (except large-format stone) - M100, large-format stone - M35, solid brick for load-bearing walls - M125, for self-supporting walls - M100.

The strength grade of bricks intended for the construction of chimneys must be at least M200.

5.3.4 The water absorption of ordinary products must be no less than 6.0%, of facial products - no less than 6.0% and no more than 14.0%.

For products made from tripoli and diatomite, water absorption of no more than 28% is allowed.

5.3.5 Brick and stone must be frost-resistant and, depending on the brand of frost resistance in a water-saturated state, must withstand at least 25 without any visible signs of damage or destruction (cracking, peeling, spalling, chipping); 35; 50; 75 and 100 cycles of alternating freezing and thawing.

Types of damage to products after testing for frost resistance are given in Appendix B.

The frost resistance grade of facial products must be at least F50. It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to supply face products of frost resistance grade F35.

The frost resistance grade of products used for the construction of chimneys, plinths and basement walls must be at least F50.

5.3.6 Ceramic brick and stone are classified as non-combustible building materials in accordance with GOST 30244.

5.3.7 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff products should contain no more than 370 Bq/kg.

5.4 Requirements for raw materials and materials

5.4.1 Clay raw materials, siliceous rocks (tripoli, diatomite), loess, industrial waste (coal waste, ash, etc.), mineral and organic additives, as well as packaging materials and means of transporting products (pallets) must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents for them .

5.5 Marking

5.5.1 During the manufacturing process, the trademark of the manufacturer is applied to the non-facial surface of the product with indelible paint using a stencil (stamp) or stamp imprint.

5.5.2 Marking is applied to each packaging unit. One packaging unit must contain at least 5% of products marked according to 5.5.1. The marking may be applied directly to the packaging or to a label that is affixed to the packaging, or to a label attached to the packaging in a manner that ensures its safety during transportation.

The marking must contain:

Name of the manufacturer (and/or its trademark) and address;

Product designation;

Batch number and date of manufacture;

Number (weight) of products in a packaging unit, pcs. (kg);

Mark of conformity for the supply of certified products (if provided for by the certification system).

The labeling may include information about the method of manufacturing the products.

5.5.3 The manufacturer has the right to add additional information to the packaging that does not contradict the requirements of this standard and allows identification of the product and its manufacturer.

5.5.4 Each package (transport package) must have transport markings in accordance with GOST 14192.

5.6 Packaging

5.6.1 The brick or stone should be laid on a pallet in a herringbone pattern or on a bed or bed with a cross bandage. It is allowed to stack products without bandaging, provided they are automatically packaged, ensuring the safety of the packaging unit during storage and transportation.

5.6.2 Products stacked with cross bandaging must be packaged in shrink or stretch film or other materials that ensure the safety of the product.

5.6.3 One packaging unit must contain products of the same symbol.

5.6.4 By agreement with the consumer, other types of packaging are allowed to ensure the safety of products during transportation.

6 Acceptance rules

6.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

6.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch size is set at no more than the daily output of one furnace.

When accepting products by the consumer, a batch is considered to be products shipped under a specific contract (order) or products in the amount of one vehicle, drawn up in one quality document.

6.3 The batch must consist of products of the same symbol.

6.4 Product quality is ensured by:

Incoming control of raw materials and materials;

Operational production (technological) control.

The quality of products is confirmed by acceptance control of finished products. Acceptance control includes acceptance and periodic tests.

6.5 To carry out tests by random selection from different places batches select the number of products (samples) in accordance with Table 7.

Table 7 - Number of selected products (samples) for testing

Selected products are checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard in terms of size, appearance and correctness of shape, and then tested.

Periodic tests on water absorption, the presence of efflorescence and frost resistance of products are also carried out when raw materials and technology change; by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of inclusions in clay raw materials changes. results periodic testing apply to all supplied batches of products until the next periodic testing.

6.6 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff is controlled at entrance control according to documents on the quality of the enterprise - supplier of raw materials. In the absence of data from the supplier company on the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides, testing of products for this indicator should be carried out at least once a year in accredited testing laboratories, as well as when changing the supplier of raw materials.

6.7 Thermal characteristics of solid masonry are determined when products are put into production, when technology, raw materials, materials change, and are provided at the request of the consumer.

6.8 The batch is accepted if, when checking the size and correctness of the shape of products selected from the batch, only one product does not meet the requirements of this standard. The batch is not subject to acceptance if two of the products selected from the batch do not meet the requirements of this standard.

6.9 If, when testing products according to the indicators given in Table 7 (except for indicators of appearance, size, correct shape and frost resistance), unsatisfactory results are obtained, repeat testing of products according to this indicator is carried out on a double number of samples taken from this batch.

The batch is accepted if the results of repeated tests meet all the requirements of this standard; if they do not match, the batch will not be accepted.

6.10 When testing products by the consumer, inspection control and certification tests, sampling and assessment of control results are carried out in accordance with the requirements of this section, using control methods in accordance with Section 7.

In controversial cases, a control check is carried out in the presence of a representative of the manufacturer. The list of controlled parameters is established by agreement between the participants of the inspection.

6.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name and symbol of the product;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Batch number;

Number (weight) of products in a batch, pcs. (kg);

Strength grade, medium density grade, frost resistance grade;

Water absorption;

Thermal Efficiency Group;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff;

Method of manufacturing products.

During export-import operations, the content of the accompanying quality document is specified in a specific contract for the supply of products.

7 Test methods

7.1 Test methods for incoming quality control of raw materials and materials are indicated in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents for these raw materials and materials.

7.2 Test methods during production operational control established in the technological documentation for the manufacture of products.

7.3 The dimensions of the products, the thickness of the outer walls, the diameter of the cylindrical voids, the dimensions of the square and the width of the slot-like voids, the length of the cuts, the area of ​​spalls and the length of the broken edges of the products are measured with a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427 or a depth gauge in accordance with GOST 162. The measurement error is ±1 mm.

7.3.1 The length and width of each product are measured in three places of the product: on two ribs and the middle of the bed, thickness - on two ribs and the middle of the butt.

The arithmetic mean value of the results of single measurements is taken as the measurement result.

7.3.2 The crack opening width is measured using a measuring lens in accordance with GOST 25706, after which the product is checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.4. Measurement error - ±0.1 mm.

7.3.3 The depth of broken corners and edges is measured using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface. Measurement error - ±1 mm.

7.4 Deviation from the perpendicularity of the edges is determined by applying a square to adjacent edges of the product and measuring with a metal ruler largest gap between the square and the edge. Measurement error - ±1 mm.

The greatest of all obtained results is taken as the measurement result.

7.5 Deviation from the flatness of the product is determined by applying one side of a metal square to the edge of the product, and the other along each diagonal of the edge and measuring with a feeler gauge along the current regulatory document or a ruler according to GOST 427, the largest gap between the surface and the edge of the square. Measurement error - ± 1 mm.

The greatest of all obtained results is taken as the measurement result.

7.6 The presence of lime inclusions is determined after steaming the products in the vessel.

Samples that have not previously been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 hour. The samples are then cooled in a closed container for 4 hours, after which they are checked for compliance with the requirements of 5.2.2.

7.7 To determine the presence of efflorescence, half of the product is immersed with the broken end into a vessel filled with distilled water to a depth of 1-2 cm and kept for 7 days (the water level in the vessel must remain constant). After 7 days, the samples are dried in drying cabinet at a temperature of 100 °C to constant weight, and then compared with the second half of the sample, which was not tested, checking for compliance with 5.2.3.

7.8 The compressive strength of brick and stone and bending strength of brick is determined in accordance with GOST 8462.

The compressive strength of large-format stone is determined on the whole product. Leveling the supporting surfaces of the stone is done by grinding and using a plate made of technical felt or rubber-fabric conveyor belts.

A large-format stone sample is placed in the center testing machine and pressed with the top plate of the machine. During testing, the load on the sample should increase continuously and uniformly at a speed of 5-10 kN/s. Ultimate compressive strength R compressed, MPa (kgf/cm 2), calculated by the formula

R compress =P/F, (1)

Where P is the maximum load at which the sample is destroyed, MN (kgf);

F is the arithmetic mean value of the areas of the upper and lower edges of the sample, m 2 (cm 2).

The compressive strength of samples is calculated with an accuracy of 0.1 MPa (1 kgf/cm 2) of the test results of all samples.

7.9 The average density, water absorption and frost resistance (volume freezing method) of products are determined in accordance with GOST 7025.

The deviation of each average density value is allowed no more than:

For classes 0.8 and 1.0 - +50 kg/m 3 ;

For other classes - +100 kg/m 3.

Water absorption is determined by saturating samples with water at a temperature of (20±5) °C at atmospheric pressure.

Frost resistance is determined by volumetric freezing.

7.10 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff is determined according to GOST 30108.

7.11 The thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry is determined according to GOST 26254 with the following additions.

The thermal conductivity coefficient is determined experimentally on a fragment of masonry, which, taking into account mortar joints, is made with a thickness of one bonded and one treaded row of bricks or stones. The masonry of enlarged stones is made into one stone. The length and height of the masonry must be at least 1.5 m (see Figure 2). The masonry is carried out using a complex mortar of grade 50, with an average density of 1800 kg/m 3, composition 1.0:0.9:8.0 (cement:lime:sand) by volume, on Portland cement grade 400, with a cone draft for solid products of 12 -13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm. It is allowed to perform a fragment of masonry that differs from that indicated above, using other solutions, the composition of which is indicated in the test report.

A) General form masonry b) Examples of masonry in cross section:

1 - single brick masonry;

2 - masonry made of thickened bricks;

3 - stone masonry;

Masonry thickness.

Figure 2 - Fragment of masonry for determining thermal conductivity

A fragment of masonry made from products with through voids should be made using a technology that excludes filling of voids masonry mortar or by filling the voids with a solution, which is recorded in the test report. The laying is carried out in the opening of a climatic chamber with a device along the contour of thermal insulation from slab insulation; thermal resistance thermal insulation must be at least 1.0 m 2 °C/W. After making a masonry fragment, its outer and inner surfaces are rubbed down plaster mortar with a thickness of no more than 5 mm and a density corresponding to the density of the products being tested, but not more than 1400 and not less than 800 kg/m 3.

The masonry fragment is tested in two stages:

Stage 1 - the masonry is kept and dried for at least two weeks to a moisture content of no more than 6%;

Stage 2 - additional drying of the masonry is carried out to a moisture content of 1% -3%.

The humidity of products in the masonry is determined by instruments non-destructive testing. Tests in the chamber are carried out at a temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the masonry dt = (t in -t n) 40 ° C, temperature in the warm zone of the chamber t in = 18 ° C - 20 ° C, relative humidity air (40±5)%. It is allowed to reduce the holding time of the masonry provided that the outer surface is blown and the inner surface of the fragment is heated with tubular electric heaters (heaters), spotlights, etc. to a temperature of 35 °C - 40 °C.

Before testing, at least five thermocouples are installed on the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry in the central zone in accordance with the current regulatory document. Additionally, heat meters are installed on the inner surface of the masonry in accordance with the current regulatory document. Thermocouples and heat meters are installed so that they cover the surface areas of the tray and bonded rows of masonry, as well as horizontal and vertical mortar joints. Thermal parameters are recorded after the onset of a stationary thermal state of the masonry, no earlier than 72 hours after turning on the climate chamber. Parameters are measured at least three times with an interval of 2-3 hours.

For each heat meter and thermocouple, the arithmetic mean value of the readings for the observation period q i and t i is determined. Based on the test results, the weighted average values ​​of the temperature of the outer and inner surfaces of the masonry t crn, t cbv are calculated, taking into account the area of ​​the spoon and butt measured sections, as well as the vertical and horizontal sections of mortar joints according to the formula

Where t i is the surface temperature at point i, °C;

F i - area of ​​the i-th plot, m 2.

Based on the test results, the thermal resistance of the masonry Rtrk, m 2 °C/Wt is determined, taking into account the actual humidity during testing according to the formula

Q av - average value of heat flux density through the tested masonry fragment, W/m 2.

Based on the value, the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry is calculated, W/(m.°C), using the formula

where is the thickness of the masonry, m.

Build a graph of the dependence of the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient on the humidity of the masonry (see Figure 3) and determine the change in value per one percent of humidity, W/(m.°C), using the formula

Figure 3 - Graph of the dependence of the equivalent thermal conductivity coefficient on the moisture content of the masonry

Thermal conductivity coefficient of masonry in a dry state, W/(m.°C), is calculated using the formula

The test result is taken as the arithmetic mean value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry in a dry state, W/(m°C), calculated by the formula

(7)

8 Transportation and storage

8.1 Products are transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force in transport. specific type.

8.2 Transportation of bricks and stones is carried out in packaged form.

Transport packages are formed at the warehouse site or directly on the production line on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 or pallets measuring 1x1 m (980x980 mm) or other sizes according to technical documentation.

8.3 The weight of one package should not exceed the rated load capacity of the pallet.

8.4 The technological documentation for the manufacture of products provides a diagram of fastening the products in the transport package, depending on the transportation distance and the type of vehicle.

8.5 Formed transport packages should be stored in one tier in continuous stacks. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no more than four tiers, provided that safety requirements are met.

8.6 It is allowed to store products on level areas with a hard surface in single-tier stacks in bags without pallets.

8.7 Storage of products at the consumer must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 8.5 and 8.6 and safety regulations.

8.8 Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanized way using special lifting devices.

Loading products in bulk (throwing) and unloading them by dumping are not allowed.

9 Directions for use

9.1 Brick and stone are used in accordance with the recommendations of current building codes, codes of practice, territorial building codes, taking into account the requirements set out in project documentation for the construction of buildings and structures.

9.2 In the foundations and plinths of building walls, chimneys, ventilation ducts Only solid brick should be used.

It is not allowed to use hollow products, as well as semi-dry pressed bricks for the external walls of rooms with wet conditions without applying internal surfaces vapor barrier coating.

It is not allowed to use hollow products and semi-dry pressed bricks for laying the walls of rooms with wet mode, external walls of basements, plinths and foundations.

9.3 Type of products (brick, stone) for laying load-bearing, self-supporting and non-load-bearing structures, incl. for cladding building facades, density, strength grade and frost resistance are indicated in the working drawings.

9.4 Reference values ​​for the compressive strength of masonry made of brick and stone, manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, are given in Appendix B, Tables B.1, B.2.

9.5 The manufacturer, at the request of the consumer, must provide data on the thermal and strength characteristics of products in masonry.

Product shapes and sizes

A.1 Extrusion products

Figure A.1.1 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 19 cylindrical voids

Figure A.1.2 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 32 cylindrical voids

Figure A.1.3 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with eight slot-like voids

Figure A.1.4 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 18 slot-like voids

Figure A.1.5 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 16 square voids

Figure A.1.6 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 36 square voids

Figure A.1.7 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 55 square voids

Figure A.1.8 - 1(1.4) NF format brick with 28 slot-like voids

Figure A.1.9 - 1 NF format brick with 35 voids

Figure A.1.10 - 1 NF format brick with 33 voids

Figure A.1.11 - 2.1 NF format stone with 30 square voids and a gripping hole

Figure A.1.12 - 2.1 NF format stone with 30 voids and a gripping hole

Figure A.1.13 - 2.1 NF format stone with 18 square voids and a gripping hole

Figure A.1.14 - 2.1 NF format stone with seven slot-like voids

Figure A.1.15 - 2.1 NF format stone with 18 slot-like voids

Figure A.1.16 - 2.1 NF format stone with 21 slot-like voids

Figure A.1.17 - 1.4 NF format brick with six voids

Figure A.1.18 - 1.4 NF format brick with six voids

Figure A.1.19 - 1.8 NF format stone with three voids

Figure A.1.20 - Large format stone 4.5 NF

Figure A.1.21 - Large format stone 10.7 NF

Figure A.1.22 - Large format stone 10.7 NF

Figure A.1.23 - Large format stone 14.3 NF

A.2 Pressed brick with vertical voids

Figure A.2.1 - 1 NF format brick with three cylindrical holes

Figure A.2.3 - 1 NF format brick with eight cylindrical holes

Figure A.2.4 - 1 NF format brick with 11 cylindrical holes

Figure A.2.5 - 1 NF format brick with 17 cylindrical holes

Appendix B
(required)

Types of damage to products when testing for frost resistance

Figure B.1 - Types of damage to products when testing for frost resistance

Appendix B
(informative)

Compressive resistance of brick and stone masonry heavy solutions

Table B.1

Appendix D
(informative)

Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry

D.1 The reduced heat transfer resistance of masonry is determined based on calculations based on temperature fields for each specific building project, taking into account the requirements of current building codes and regulations.

D.2 Calculation of the reduced resistance to heat transfer of external walls made of ceramic products is carried out based on the condition of ensuring thermal and sanitary characteristics in accordance with the current building codes and rules. Examples of the reduced heat transfer resistance of masonry made of ceramic products, accepted according to sanitary and hygienic conditions in buildings with a design internal air temperature of 20 ° C, are given in Table D.1.

Table D.1

D.3 Thermal characteristics of solid (conditional) masonry made from ceramic products in laboratory conditions are given in Table D.2.

Thermal characteristics of masonry using hollow products are given for masonry made without filling the voids with mortar.

D.4 Examples of continuous (conditional) masonry made from ceramic products are shown in Figures D.1-D.3.

1 - dry plaster made of gypsum sheathing sheets: =12 mm, =800 kg/m 3, =0.21 W/(m°C);

2 - air gap: =10 mm, R = 0.13 m 2 .°C/W;

3 - stone masonry;

4 - face brick

Reduced resistance to heat transfer of masonry outer wall(, m 2 .°C/W):

A) from hollow stone (=1400 kg/m3, class=1460 kg/m3, class=0.54 W/(m.°C)) and face brick(=1400 kg/m3, class=1480 kg/m3, class=0.55 W/(m.°C)) =1.37 m2.°C/W;

B) from hollow stone (=1200 kg/m 3, class=1300 kg/m3, class=0.48 W/(m.°C)) and facing brick (=1200 kg/m3, class=1330 kg /m 3, class=0.50 W/(m.°C))= 1.50 m 2.°C/W;

B) from hollow stone (=1000 kg/m 3, class=1130 kg/m3, class=0.41 W/(m.°C)) and facing brick (=1000 kg/m3, class=1170 kg /m 3, class = 0.44 W/(m.°C)) = 1.70 m 2.°C/W;

D) from hollow stone (=800 kg/m3, class=960 kg/m3, class=0.35 W/(m.°C)) and facing brick (=1000 kg/m3, class=1170 kg /m 3 , class = 0.44 W/(m.°C)) = 1.92 m 2 .°C/W