Solid board on a warm water floor. Solid board and "warm floor" systems. Main types of underfloor heating systems

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Solid board and "warm floor" systems

Heated floors

Our home is the place where we spend most time and where we want to return. Any owner strives to make his home more comfortable and cozy. To create a favorable microclimate and comfort of the home, it is planned to install a heated floor. There are two types of heated floors - water heated and electric heated. Without going into particular detail regarding the organization of heating using electrical cables or pipes with hot water as a coolant, we only note that both options have found application in repair, construction and design solutions.

At the same time, the organization electric heating costs less in labor and materials, while water heating can use different types fuel and cheaper to operate.

Electric heating is more often used to solve local problems in separate rooms, and water is mainly used for heating houses with their own heating system or for heating large objects.

As a rule, underfloor heating systems are used to heat cold floor coverings: tiles, porcelain stoneware, laminate, linoleum. However, if you decide to install parquet or parquet floors, please read the following recommendations. Wood, as you know, does not have thermal conductivity, and by laying parquet or boards on a warm floor, you reduce the efficiency of the heating system.

How possible variant- installation of plywood with two-component polyurethane glue. When using it, you can do without screws. But this will not prevent your parquet from drying out. If you decide to lay parquet or heated floors, it is advisable that the wooden flooring at the time of installation have a humidity level of 8+_2%. It is recommended to use the most stable types of wood with a cut close to radial.

As finishing coating On heated floors it is advisable to use oil. It does not cause ruptures in the coating layer when the dies move, and has a higher permissible temperature operation on heated floors. The oil has a large range of colors for tinting floors, providing the opportunity local repairs and faster, compared to varnish, complete renewal of the finishing layer.

If parquet finishing is done in production conditions, the use of oil is less labor-intensive and requires less time. The use of parquet with chamfers and a factory-applied oil coating will allow, by avoiding grinding and applying oil on site, to reduce the time required to complete the work. In this case, it becomes possible to apply oil to the end sides of the laying elements, which provides increased moisture protection of the parquet during operation, including in the presence of gaps between the planks.

The lower wear resistance of oil coatings will require more painstaking and frequent maintenance and reapplication, which, at the same time, is not a particularly difficult or expensive factor

Parquet board is a multilayer coating consisting of several components:

• The wrong side is the lowest layer, made of plywood 1.5-2 millimeters thick.
• The interlayer is a combination of several slats, which are made from coniferous wood. The thickness is 10 millimeters.
• Veneer - made from valuable species tree. The thickness of the layer varies, depending on the model and manufacturer - from 6 to 13 millimeters.

Advantages

Buy parquet board beneficial for the floor. Wooden flooring has the following advantages:

Is it possible to use heated flooring under parquet boards? The heating system creates an additional temperature load on the floor covering. In the case of constant thermal contraction and expansion, the wood is subject to warping, which can lead to damage decorative covering. Below we will consider the nuances of arranging an insulated floor under a parquet board, an analysis of reviews, as well as the choice optimal option heating elements.

A little about parquet boards

Parquet slab is a multi-layer coating, which consists of the following layers:

• Decorative - made of wood, which during processing is covered with at least three layers of varnish;
• Medium - made from softwood and plays the role of a shock absorber;
• Bottom - made of veneer coniferous tree, performing a strengthening function.

The coating itself is wear-resistant and, importantly, quite warm. However, if the finishing coating is installed on a concrete screed, the floor quickly becomes cold. To prevent large heat losses in the room, a heating system is often installed under the parquet board.

Warm floors and parquet slabs

According to many experts, laying parquet planks on a heated base is not advisable. But, analyzing the reviews of many consumers, we can say that there is still a point in such a tandem:

• My friends dissuaded me from installing heated floors under parquet slabs, but I was pleased with the result. The main thing is not to use very thick planks. A coating with a thickness of 10-12 mm is quite suitable;
• If you answer the question: whether to make a heated base under a parquet board or not, I came to the conclusion that it is better to do it. I've been using the floor heating system for two years now and so far I haven't seen even a hint of warping;
• I live in panel house and therefore, without hesitation, I installed water heating under the parquet board. I don’t know how long it will serve me in the future, but in the winter it has really become more comfortable to be in the room.

Despite the fact that the reviews are quite flattering to exclude the possibility of deformation of the decorative coating, it is worth taking seriously the choice of both the heating system and the type of parquet board.

Important nuances

What material is best to use for installing floors with a heating system? In many ways, the strength characteristics of parquet boards are determined by the type of wood that is used for the top layer. It is he who takes on the “thermal shock” from the underfloor heating system, which can lead to deformation of the coating.

According to the recommendations of experts, it is advisable to use parquet boards made of walnut or oak for arranging a base with heating elements. These types of wood experience the least thermal expansion or contraction, and therefore are not so susceptible to deformation. At the same time, laying beech or maple flooring on a heating system will inevitably lead to warping of the boards.

What points still need to be taken into account?

1. Board thickness. Since wood has low thermal conductivity, floorboards that are too thick will not transmit heat from heating elements into the room. Therefore, it is advisable to purchase a parquet board whose thickness does not exceed 15 mm;
2. Installation method. Wood experiences linear expansion not only when heated, but also when the humidity in the room increases. To prevent the floor from deforming, it is better to lay the slabs in a “floating” way;
3. Type of heating elements. Wood is susceptible to burning, so when choosing heating elements, it is advisable to choose those that are safer.

Types of heating systems

You can make a warm floor under a parquet board using following types heating elements:

• Infrared. This system consists of a polymer film into which graphite elements are soldered. When heated, these elements emit thermal energy in the IR range, which is transmitted to the parquet flooring. But in case of using infrared heaters when finishing the floor with parquet boards, it is undesirable to heat the coating to a temperature of more than 26-28 degrees;
• Electrical. From an economic point of view, eclectic base heating is quite profitable. The heating parts are heat cables, which, when heated, impart thermal energy to the finishing coating. However, laying electrical cables can create a fire hazard if the base is finished with wooden materials;
• Mermen. Heaters consist of plastic pipes in which heated water circulates. desired temperature water. This system ensures uniform heating of floors, so it is advisable to use it in combination with parquet flooring. It is also worth noting that if the heating elements fail, the wooden covering will not catch fire.

Features of installation of water floors

Water floor – optimal solution, suitable for installation of finishing coatings made of wood. Thanks to it, you can easily heat a small room without using additional system heating. The advantages of water heating include:

• uniform heating of the base;
• minimal energy consumption;
• safety and environmental friendliness.

But water heaters also have weaknesses that you need to know about:

• It is more difficult to regulate the temperature than in the case of laying infrared or electric heated floors;
• Due to the installation of a plastic pipe system, it is necessary to raise the floor level by about 10 cm;
• Laying a water floor does not guarantee the absence of leaks, which can lead to damage to the parquet flooring.

Due to the above disadvantages, it is extremely undesirable to use water heating in high-rise buildings. A leak can lead not only to warping of the finishing coating, but also to a short circuit in the wiring.

Requirements for installation of "warm floor"

To make everything happen installation work Correctly, you need to take into account the following features:

1. Laying parquet slabs on a heated base should only be done using the “floating” method in order to level out the thermal compression and expansion of wood;
2. It is advisable to place plywood sheets under the parquet flooring, attaching them to the base using self-tapping screws. The sheets are fixed taking into account the places where communications are laid;
3. Before installing finished floors, the heating system built into the base must be tested several times for malfunctions and the possibility of adjustment. temperature regime;
4. Laying wooden covering the heating system should be carried out exclusively by professionals;
5. During operation, the bottom layer of finished floors should not warm up to a temperature above 40 degrees. In this case upper layer parquet planks will heat up to a maximum of 27 degrees.

Warm floors are a well-thought-out system that allows you to create an atmosphere of warmth and comfort in a room, regardless of the time of year. How well does it fit with parquet boards? Is it possible, in principle, to lay heated floors under parquet boards? Which system will be optimal? The nuances of selection and installation stages are described below.

Warm floors are well suited for both large, poorly heated rooms and very small ones, for example, a bathroom.

Most experts, including parquet board manufacturers, are inclined to believe that the coating can be combined with “warm floor” systems, observing certain requirements:

• constant floor temperature - no more than 26 degrees Celsius;
• uniform heating of all slats;
• the board must be made of resistant to high temperatures wood species. Unlike parquet, the board will cope with the test in the form of a warm floor, provided the right choice systems.

Each type of heated floor has its own small risks, but correct installation they are insignificant

Options for floor heating systems: features

Warm floors, which are abundantly available on the market, are actually divided into three main groups. Actively used:

• film heated floor (infrared);
• water;
• electric.

Each of the systems has special performance characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Their analysis with a forecast of interaction with the parquet board will allow you to make the right choice.

Example of a water heated floor

Features of infrared floor: structure and principle of operation

Infrared floors appeared relatively recently, but have already earned the trust of consumers and positive reviews experts in this field. The system is simple. At the core polymer film of a certain thickness with graphite strips soldered into it, in turn connected by heating copper and silver elements with a characteristic low level of electrical resistance.

The operating principle of the system is as simple as its structure. When started, the heating elements transfer energy to the surface flooring and objects standing on it. As a result, the air warms up not only due to the floor, but also due to pieces of furniture. It is this feature that distinguishes the “infrared floor” system in comparison with other types of heated floors, which initially heat the air and only then the furniture under its influence.

Infrared floors can also be suitable, for example, for heating a sauna

The main advantages of the system include:

• Can be used under any floor covering;
• high level of flexibility, which allows installation on angled surfaces;
• system operability even if one or more elements fail;
• long service life (several decades);
• rapid heating of the floor.

Infrared heated floors do not pose a danger to people or pets and can be used indoors for various purposes and squares.

Water floors - how they work and how they differ

The “water heated floor” system involves heating the floor surface due to certain temperature water. Pipes made of modern materials are installed under the coating. plastic material according to a certain pattern, after which they are filled concrete screed. The water circulating through the pipes heats up when the system is turned on and is well suited for heating not only the floor, but the entire room, provided it is a small area.

The advantages of a water floor are obvious:

• suitable for installing “warm floors” systems in large rooms;
• uses energy economically;
• evenly heats the air in the room.

Installation of water hoses in special gutters

The system also has some minor drawbacks. A water floor can leak, which will negatively affect the condition of the floor covering. If a board was used for a warm water floor, then only timely elimination of the accident and replacement of the damaged dies can save it.

In addition, controlling the heat level of the system is not as easy as with other options - infrared and electric floors. Another disadvantage is that the design will “steal” centimeters from the ceiling height (about 10-13 cm).

What you need to know about electric floor systems

Electric heated parquet floors are actively used in rooms, regardless of their purpose. The system is implemented according to affordable price, is characterized by high performance and relative safety.

As the main heating element electrical cable protrudes. By analogy with plastic pipes, mounted within the framework of a water floor, the cable is laid under the parquet board in one of the following ways: parallel and spiral.

Electric heated floor installation

The cable itself can be sealed in a special film or separate. The first option is available for installation in rooms with differences in base height.

Installation of the cable necessarily involves the installation of an insulating layer with pouring a concrete screed. During operation, the cable converts electricity into heat.

The main advantages of the system are considered to be simple installation, as well as the ability to combine with parquet boards without negative influence for coverage. The electric floor is responsible for uniform heating of the air in the room and is environmentally friendly.

What are the requirements for installing heated floors under a board?

In order for the system to work without affecting the floor covering, in addition to the correct choice from the presented options, it is worth remembering that laying parquet boards in this case implies compliance with certain rules:

1. A layer of plywood sheets must be laid under the covering and securely fixed to the concrete screed using two-component glue, self-tapping screws.
2. A heat-insulating layer is placed between the plywood backing and the floor to prevent premature wear coatings;
3. The system is designed in such a way that each coating die receives the same amount of heat.

Before installation begins, carry out complex calculations, not forgetting that the heated floor under the parquet must warm up to a certain temperature: the bottom layer - up to 40 degrees Celsius, the top layer - up to no more than 27 degrees Celsius. It would be right to entrust the installation to craftsmen who can achieve the ideal combination of heated floors with heating system to reduce the number of pipes laid on the outside of the floor.

Installation of any type of heated floor is a serious task that requires special training.

Which “warm floor” to choose under the board

Having analyzed the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of all systems, we can draw a conclusion about which heated floor is better for parquet boards and why.

The option with an electric or infrared floor is considered optimal, since, unlike a water floor, they are not capable of damaging the board during operation. Any emergency situation with a water floor leak will lead to detrimental consequences for the coating. This is why parquet for a warm water floor is not the best suitable option, just like parquet boards.

Warm floors are not just a whim, but an engineering solution that improves living standards

Installation of an electric floor under a parquet board: how to do it

Simple and affordable option- laying parquet on a heated floor with heating cable, that is, electrical system. Yes, in this case the level of fire safety in the room increases, but if the operating and installation rules are followed, the risk of fire will be minimized.

Work begins, as in all other cases related to floor installation, by preparing the base. It is cleaned and leveled using putty leveling mixtures. A layer of waterproofing mixture is applied to the finished dry, clean and level base, and the floor is allowed to dry.

The next step is the construction of the frame. Support logs are constructed at a distance of no more than 60 cm from each other. The voids between them are filled with waterproofing materials, for example, penofol, mineral wool.

Spread mesh with electrical cable

Stacked roll materials strips using overlap glue. A galvanized mesh is mounted on the waterproofing layer. Electrical cable laid next to the bars a centimeter from them. Cuts up to 3 cm wide are prepared in the beams, where foil and cable are laid. The latter is secured with mounting tape.

The finished cable layer is re-coated waterproofing materials, after which they proceed to the installation of a finished floor made of parquet boards, using a backing made of plywood sheets or fiberboard, secured with self-tapping screws.

How to install an infrared floor under a parquet board

Installation of a film floor under a parquet board is simple, so it will not take much time. The work is carried out in several stages. Just as in the case of an electric floor, the process begins by preparing the base and installing a layer of thermal insulation.

In order for the floor to be of high quality, safe and last for many years, the base must not only be level, but also dry and clean. Therefore, it is advisable to completely dismantle the old coating, exposing the concrete (wooden) base of the floor. Using a level, you will need to check the height of the base (differences should not exceed 3 mm).

The next step is sanding in the case of a wooden floor and sanding in the case of a concrete floor. The debris generated during the work is removed by thoroughly cleaning the base (an industrial or regular vacuum cleaner is suitable).

Installation of infrared floor

The finished base is used for laying polyethylene film with a thickness of 50 microns. This is what will happen waterproofing layer warm floor. Films are attached on top next layer made of thermal insulation material.

The next stage is marking the warm film floor. To do this, determine the location of installation of the temperature sensor, temperature regulator and connection of the system to the network. Install IR films along the length of the room, laying the current-conducting film strip down. To keep the strips on the thermal insulation layer, use construction tape. The cutting lines in the conductor areas and the silver-plated contacts connecting the contacts to the tape are additionally treated with bitumen insulation.

A plywood backing is mounted on the finished infrared floor (secured with self-tapping screws), which is subsequently used as a base for the parquet board.

Bonding that allows materials to work as a single unit.

Wooden floors are subject to static and dynamic load, which must be absorbed and redistributed by the applied building materials. Dynamic load is the result of people walking and objects moving across the floor or from vibrations created by sound waves.

Static loading is caused by an increase or decrease in the moisture level in the wood due to changes in the interior climatic conditions This is especially true for the system underfloor heating in combination with wooden board. There is an active loss of moisture from the tree. As a result, the static load increases significantly compared to standard installation. When the moisture content of wood changes, the dimensions also change, which leads to the emergence of not only linear, but also tangential (shear) stresses in the wood. These stresses are transferred to the adhesive layer on the base. Thus, the glue must absorb these stresses and redistribute them so that this does not cause destruction of the base.

Most parquet adhesives used by installers are “hard”, especially the extremely popular Italian two-component epoxy-based compounds. These adhesives work well when laying “through plywood”, but in the case of laying parquet boards on floors with a heating system, plywood is not acceptable. The solution to the problem is the use of elastic and highly elastic adhesives based on polyurethanes and MS polymers.