Popular interior styles. Description of the apartment interior: basic styles and recommendations of professionals. Modern styles in interior design - Constructivism

Design: Barlow&Barlow Design

Wall decoration should first of all be neat. This can be smooth wallpaper, or coverings with laconic patterns: stripes, monograms and other decorations. The ceiling, as a rule, is decorated, but if you do not like to make it heavier or your home is very heavy, you should treat the stucco molding and decor carefully, it is better to leave it smooth. The floor is usually wooden. Of course, natural parquet looks better, but if you want to save money, you can find a worthy replacement among budget laminate manufacturers.

Choose pastel colors to make the room look grand: beige, ivory and white work well. The latter is often used as the main one, for example in the color of the walls, and it is also used to highlight details: furniture, textiles, decor. Bright shades will help make the interior complete: you can use red, blue, indigo, violet and other “rich” colors.

The furniture should be massive, with textile or leather upholstery. Preferably made of wood, but this will require a large budget; you can also choose something more affordable made of artificial material.

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The “Scandi” style, as fans call it, has come into fashion quite recently, but it seems to be here to stay. always minimalistic and budget-friendly, but at the same time homely and warm. The style is quite universal, there are no specific details, but there are many elements that will create comfort and coziness: light walls, minimalist upholstered furniture, green plants, textiles and useful but beautiful decor.

Design: Ahre Fastighetsbyrå

It is functionality that is reflected in the Scandinavian style. Suffice it to recall the words of the Finnish designer Alvaro Aalto that an architect should make life more convenient - this is precisely the definition that applies to Scandi interiors.

Another distinctive feature of this direction is naturalness. It is best if the room has furniture made of real wood and textiles made of linen, cotton or silk. Replace lifeless plastic chairs with wooden ones, even ones you put together yourself: rough, unhewn wood can become an interesting detail in your Scandi room.

Despite the minimalism, each interior should be individual; this property is brought by family photographs, hand-made accessories, and posters on the walls. It is important that this is not “decor for decor’s sake”, but useful thing, which reflects the character of the owners.

Despite the fact that in the Scandinavian style, light colors should prevail - white, light gray and soft blue - can add life to the interior.

3 Loft

It distinguishes extraordinary personalities, somewhat ascetics, lovers of freedom and space. It is in this direction that the individual characteristics of the owner can be emphasized, since the characteristic carelessness of the style allows imagination to run wild.

Despite the fact that a loft usually requires space, today it is also created in city apartments. It is advisable that the room is not the smallest and has a fairly high ceiling. Often two-level apartments in new buildings are decorated in a loft style.

Design: AMR Design

For a loft, the less finishing, the better. Ceilings and walls can be simply plastered, similar to ordinary gray concrete. This style also loves brick - use decorative material, but better for one of the walls.

Often the walls in such rooms are decorated with road signs or a basketball hoop - this is done to create the feeling of an outside wall, raw and careless. Ventilation and pipes are also not hidden, but put on display, turning them into decorative elements.

Such interiors do not need a lot of furniture, because the main decoration is free space. Often furniture is also a subject for zoning. For example, a bookcase can become a partition between the bedroom and the kitchen, and a bar counter can become between the kitchen and the living room.

4 Contemporary style

Contemporary is simplicity, restraint and functionality. Due to the fact that artificial materials and simple shapes are used in the interiors of such rooms, it can be created on a small budget.

Correct placement of furniture and the absence of unnecessary details distinguish this style, for example, from country or pompous classics.

Design: Elizabeth Krueger Design

The contemporary style “loves” restrained colors (light beige, milky, gray and white) and modern materials. You can use laminate or plain carpeting to finish the floor.

Furniture is only functional and simple in shape. It should be comfortable and fit into the space, not create a feeling of clutter and not look too massive.

Don't forget about accessories, as they add life to the interior. You can use contrasting shades, but in moderation. Choose beautiful vases for flowers, hang a few paintings - this is all you can do.

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They say that it must correspond to the state of the soul. It is suitable for those who are in harmony with themselves and who do not require external attributes, but only silence, peace and order.

Design: NorthWall Builders

Minimalism is always a well-thought-out space, a balanced composition, not just the absence of unnecessary things (although, of course, you need to throw out old furniture first of all). There should be few things in the room, but always functional and simple. Clear lines and shapes predominate. Adherents of this style believe that only by discarding everything unnecessary can one see beauty.

Minimalism style does not require certain rules in color. You can use cool colors of metal, warm pastel shades, and wood. However, it is definitely worth considering that one color is chosen for decoration, and others are added as accents. For example, a contrasting carpet on a plain floor.

6 Neoclassical

It has absorbed the beauty of the classical style and the features of modernity that are necessary for a person today. Neoclassicism has been and will be a sign of good taste; it is laconic, but elegant and rich.

What exactly modern features are inherent in neoclassicism? Usage modern materials and technology - something that designers like and opens up great opportunities compared to the classic style. Another advantage is that it is less demanding on the budget. You can use artificial materials and still create a very aesthetic interior.

Design: Taste Design Inc

The color palette of modern classics usually consists of light tones, but there may be bright details natural shades, there should be no flashy or “acid” colors. Neoclassical furniture design is also lighter, the lines are straighter, and it itself is more functional.

The decor is also more restrained compared to the classics. In such rooms you can find fewer antiques, but in small quantities they will be appropriate and add luxury.

7 Ecostyle

Eco-style in interior design appeared as a continuation of environmental thinking in all developed countries. Clean and fresh air, nature - this is what people lack in the metropolis.

It is important to pursue the concept of “do no harm” to nature, therefore such features as natural materials, the desire for tranquility, and maximum naturalness are characteristic. Use pastel colors that are soft and promote relaxation. For example, a combination of blue, sand and white; green, beige and light wood; dark brown, green and white.

The main thing is not to overdo it with wood. Otherwise, you can turn your apartment into a wooden box.

Stone trim, ceramics, glass in addition to wood will look good. Use natural textiles too.

8 Country

Today it remains at the peak of popularity for lovers of relaxing time at home. Interiors in this style are reminiscent of a “grandmother’s house”, where it is always very cozy, there is a delicious smell of pies, and delicious tea is waiting on the table. Most likely, it is precisely such associations that are associated with what is true for living rooms and, much less often, for bedrooms. After all, “family” rooms should be cozy and hospitable.

Design: Madcap Cottage

The basic rule of a country style interior is to use colors from the “natural” palette. Wood, floral patterns, and natural textiles often prevail. A distinctive feature of a country room will be a large number of decor: this and family photos in wooden frames, and a lot of fresh or artificial flowers, and soft pillows on the sofas, and curtains.

If possible, you can arrange a decorative fireplace in the living room; it will fit perfectly into the interior. In the bedroom, put blankets with various patterns on the bed. It is better to integrate modern technology into furniture so as not to mix styles; it would be inappropriate.

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Modern style is a broad trend, and therefore has almost no special rules. This is probably why designers love it so much, because you don’t have to limit your flight of imagination and then call it “modern style.” We will still try to bring some clarity and highlight a few points.

Firstly, the main emphasis in modern style interiors is on the play of contrasts. Pastel colors are often used as a background: light brown, white, light gray. And furniture and accessories are chosen dark or bright. Thanks to this combination, you can put the right emphasis on the details and the interior will look like the picture.

Design: Sims Luxury Builders

Secondly, the peculiarity of modern style is the ability to correctly combine artificial materials with natural ones. Thirdly, if we are talking about a living room, wallpaper or plaster is more often used as finishing. It is important to achieve maximum smoothness of the walls so that they become a kind of canvas for further creativity.

And one more feature is moderation in decor. Modern style is not characterized by an abundance of pillows, blankets, napkins on tables, curtains, paintings or photographs.

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High-tech will harmoniously fit into the modern pace of life - the style is simple and functional, technologically advanced, which is why most young and energetic people love and choose it.

The main rule of a high-tech apartment is a large number of technological innovations. This does not mean at all that you need to “stuff” your apartment with electronics and household appliances, high-tech rather requires the opposite - these innovations are not displayed for show, they are invisible, but at the same time “responsible” for the comfort and convenience of residents. For example, blinds with remote control, skirting boards with heating instead of a standard radiator.

Design: Kamaleono Design Studio

It is clear that you do not need to show off your technological “wealth”. How do we understand that an apartment or room is decorated in high-tech style? Firstly, there should be a lot of free space. There are few things in a high-tech house, they are all functional, take up minimal space and do not stand “just like that.” If the apartment is small, you can make glass partitions or choose an open layout so that nothing hides the space.

Secondly, finishing materials. Natural ones are used very rarely. On the contrary, artificial materials are “in price”.

And thirdly, the difference is in functional furniture. For example, a collapsible sofa or bed that can be transformed from a single to a double. You can also often find a pouf table. Another feature of the furniture is its unusual shapes. You can often see details that look like they came from outer space.

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Eclecticism is perfect for the temperament of modern creative people who have good taste. I would like to focus on the last point. It’s not easy in one room, so without the main ingredient it will turn out ugly.

We'll tell you a few secrets on how to successfully combine different styles and create a luxurious, eclectic interior.

Choose a light wall color, such as white or beige. This will make it easier to combine different colors furniture and accessories.

Use the same ornaments. For example, the color of upholstery and curtains. This will unite the objects and create a more harmonious picture.

Choose one feature that is different and in a different style, such as dining room chairs or a chandelier.

Combine objects by shape. This will make it easier to combine different styles with each other.

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It seems ascetic to many, but this does not negate its comfort and originality.

One of the criteria for the success of the Mediterranean style is the correct finishing. The simpler the better, style dictates this rule. And it is advisable to choose natural materials. Perhaps the most typical solution The walls will be painted with light decorative plaster. Wood or tiles are usually placed on the floor (if it is a kitchen or hallway). Carpets will not fit into such an interior, unless they are small mats.

The choice of color in a Mediterranean-style room needs to be taken seriously. Pastel shades and pure white are desirable. Designers distinguish several approaches: Greek and Italian. In the first case, they often play on contrasts, diluting the white with bright accessories. Additional colors must be natural: green, brown, blue or light blue, lavender and the like. The Italian approach is characterized by smoothness and monochrome, often using brown as the base and complementing it with olive, gray or soft yellow.

Wood is one of the main materials of the Mediterranean style. Stylish furniture of regular shapes without elaborate carvings is very suitable for such an interior.

Textiles will help add luxury to an ascetic room, especially a bedroom: pillows, sheets, bedspreads, embroidered with shiny threads or beads. The room will look charming and stylish.

A small dictionary of traditional styles from our editors

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Comfortable, family-friendly, solid - the main thing you need to know about American style. The point is in the layout - Americans prefer houses where only bedrooms and bathrooms are separate, the rest of the spaces in the house - kitchen, dining room, living room, corridor - are combined into a single whole. All rooms are as large as possible. Gigantism is also reflected in the furniture: huge kitchens, massive sofa groups, high beds, for which a bench can be useful.

The rooms breathe. Americans clearly zone the space - with the help of furniture, different finishes, arched openings and local lighting, and, if we are not talking about textiles, there are very few objects - although they are quite functional.

Empire is an imperial style inextricably linked with the personality of Napoleon Bonaparte. The ambitious emperor turned out to be the ideological inspirer, the main customer, and the main character of many engravings decorating immodest premises. The result was a style of the late era of classicism, in which aesthetics dominate over practicality. The Empire style is characterized by scale, arrogance, pomp and solemnity.

The decor of the style includes many military structures and trophies: bundles of spears, bundles of arrows, laurel wreaths, torches. Furniture made from expensive natural materials is often decorated with mythical animals: lions, eagles, sphinxes, caryatids. Expensive textiles, brocade, silk are used in wall decoration; gilding of individual interior elements is popular.

Prim and practical today, the English style has evolved over many centuries, changing beyond recognition several times. Modern English is wealthy, cozy, intellectual. The rooms have a lot of expensive materials: noble wood in furniture and decoration, genuine leather, textiles with traditional patterns: stripes, checks, flowers. Mandatory attributes are a fireplace and a library.

The color scheme is restrained: wood colors, deep green, all shades of burgundy and beige, colors and patterns are combined with each other. In the rooms, much attention is paid to lighting: strict floor lamps and table lamps. The furniture, on the contrary, is round and soft, and is located so that it is comfortable to both conduct small talk and enjoy solitude.

Art Deco is the most geometric style in the interior. It appeared between the two world wars and became a symbol of celebration and desired freedom. At that time, science and industry were actively developing - industrial motifs are evident in the style: clear lines, hard angles, perfect symmetry. Geometry is diluted with animal prints, leaves, branches, feathers.

Art Deco is characterized by gradual lighting: sconces and floor lamps turn in different directions, up and down, objects are often chrome-plated and shiny, furniture is made of metal or varnished wood. The style colors are rich and bold: gold, black, white.

Art Nouveau is a striking example of European Art Nouveau. The style appeared at the end of the 19th century and became an entire culture: architecture, decor, artistic and applied arts. Distinctive features are a huge number of wavy asymmetrical lines taking the form of natural elements, stained glass and mosaics, a love for cast iron and iron elements. Most of the furniture is wooden, the palette is warm and muted: mustard, green, woody and earthy shades.

Sources of creativity - windows, doors, stairs - large, decorative, thoroughly decorated. Every detail looks fabulous and romantic.

Bauhaus occupies a special place in history - it was from this style that interior design ceased to be the prerogative of the rich and began to work for the benefit of society. The main principles: accessibility and conveyor belt of objects and materials, ergonomics and ease of daily use, minimalism and geometric shapes.

Representatives of the style often use glass surfaces, plastic, metal elements, wood, leather and thick fabrics. The furniture is modular, easy to fold and change. Much attention is paid to lighting: large numbers of spectacular lamps help to visually expand the space.

Baroque is a style created to show the power and grandeur of the 17th century church. Lush, massive and emotional, the Baroque is characterized by drama and tension, grandeur and strength. Large, detailed pieces of furniture, carved ceilings, gold on frames and walls, magnificent engravings, elegant paintings and sculptures. The main colors are gold, burgundy, noble beige.

About the details: the ceiling is often a continuation of the wall, with a single pattern of stucco or decorated with frescoes; the floor is varnished parquet or stone. Favorite figures are scrolls, curls, shells. Rich and lush textiles: draperies, pendants, tassels, expensive materials, lambrequins are required on the curtains. The lighting is not far behind: huge crystal chandeliers, spectacular floor lamps and lamps. Baroque doesn't know what "too luxurious" is.

Boho is one of the most eclectic styles in the interior. No wonder - from French boho means “gypsy”. In short, anything is possible, and the more, the better. Piles of pillows, a wide variety of textiles, mismatched pieces of furniture, vintage lamps, living plants, many contrasting and bright colors.

Boho is about creativity, a style in which you can constantly change and change: creative house, the desire to experiment, express your individuality and enjoy emotions distinguishes the owners of such housing. The only condition is that each item must be selected with love.

The essence of brutalism is clear from the name: rough, technological, minimalist. Pay attention to the beauty of raw materials: concrete walls, exposed brickwork, protruding wires, glass partitions, emphasis on metal structures. The style is not at all interested in color, only in texture, shape, proportions.

Brutalism avoids softness and comfort in the traditional sense; the main principle is functionality and lack of frills. Furniture is almost always on legs, has a clear rectangular shape and is made from natural materials, often in the same color as the space around it. It’s good if there are large windows - daylight makes the interior complete.

Versailles as a style in the interior is named after the palace, which neatly mixed several classical styles - in particular, classicism and baroque. Today it is a source of inspiration for many architects, designers and artists.

Characteristic features: first-class, expensive materials in decoration, bright colors - lilac, ruby, gold, - elegant furniture on “lion paws” and curved legs with bright floral prints. A lot of decor: frescoes, bas-reliefs, floral patterns, sculptural compositions, lace, draperies, a large number of mirrors in gilded carved frames. No less furniture: sofas, armchairs, poufs, dressing table, chests of drawers and much more.

The Victorian style combines elements of several design eras: the reign of Queen Victoria is remembered for the fashion for a mix of historical and exotic styles - neo-Gothic and Moorish, neo-Rococo and Chinese art, neo-Baroque and Indian style. The rise of industry made the style more accessible - mass production made it possible to reduce the cost of items and use cheaper materials.

In such interiors there was no empty space - everything was filled with furniture and decor: the rooms had an abundance of ornaments, paintings in massive frames, rich draperies, statues, sets - the richer the better. The color scheme depended on the period - in the early Victorian style, interiors were decorated in rich colors of precious stones, in the middle Victorian style the colors became more elegant and restrained, in the late Victorian style bright but more rich colors returned again. The walls were often decorated with wallpaper with bright designs.

Vintage is not exactly an interior style, but rather an approach to organizing space. Vintage interiors are a product of our time, an artificially created atmosphere of the past - usually of the 20th century, preferably no later than 50-60 years ago - with the help of objects that are well preserved and can be used for their intended purpose. To create a comfortable image for a modern person, it is better to pay attention to vintage furniture and decor by choosing simple finishing retro colors.

Depending on the choice of period and the degree of its penetration into a modern apartment, completely different images can be obtained. For example, the first half of the last century is all about pomp and luxury of classical styles, and the post-war period is all about functionality and simplicity.

The Gothic style came to interiors from architecture at least seven centuries later, during the era of historicism of the late 19th century, when Europeans became interested in buildings in the neo-Gothic style. Gothic is characterized by borrowing the principles of medieval architecture and recreating the spirit of a knight's castle.

The Gothic image is not suitable for small apartments - mainly dark colors press in small space. If there is not enough light, it is permissible to use white, beige, or milky as the main tone. In such interiors, preference is given to natural materials - wood, stone, metals, furniture is decorated with carvings and runners, upholstered in brocade or velvet. To create an atmosphere, use chests, candlesticks, tapestries with medieval themes, and mosaics on the windows.

The main feature of the grunge style is the almost complete absence of finishing: brickwork, rough wood, concrete walls, raw beams, stone floors. The furniture, on the contrary, is very elegant, often vintage, although not antique. Distressed but contemporary pieces work too.

Decorative elements are found infrequently; mostly practical vintage items are used for decoration: massive forged lamps, woolen blankets, family heirlooms, photographs faded by time. It is important that the grunge style is used mainly for large and spacious rooms with large windows, so the combination of classic furniture and rough walls creates a feeling of lightness and cleanliness.

Architectural style that smoothly flows into design. They joke about deconstructivism in the interior that it is constructivism turned inside out. Indeed, they have something in common: minimalist interiors without unnecessary details, plain furniture, laconic lighting. But where similarity ends, distortion begins: all objects are asymmetrical, new forms appear, lines pierce the space.

The symbiosis of the interior and architecture of the building is characteristic - deconstructivism loves space because it can be used irrationally, and the best way to do this is the external illogical appearance of the room, in which everything is an experiment.

Like any geographical style, Indian reflects mentality, environmental features and thousand-year history. The style is characterized by bright colors in large quantities: all shades of red, burgundy and pink, yellow, gold, orange, brown, various colors of spices. Indians also love patterns: paisley, mandalas, various natural themes.

An important feature is a huge amount of textiles: curtains, sheets, canopies, pillows and carpets. Lots of accessories: figurines of gods and goddesses, chests, dishes, mirrors, vases, bronze lamps. There are a lot of hand-made craft items on the premises.

The industrial style emerged at the beginning of the last century and took the most interesting attributes of industrial progress: elements of production, protruding pipes and wires, the illusion of a lack of finishing. All the premises are stylized as a factory, and it would be nice to find a few parts from real production - use a cleaver as a table, turn pipes and boards into a homemade shelving unit. Other pieces of furniture and accessories may be more classic.

The texture of the surfaces is rough, rough, worn, it’s good if a little rusty in places. That's the whole style - rough, unfinished, unfinished. Industrial.

American country music grew out of early farmhouse music. This is where the features come from: rural flavor, environmental friendliness, huge rooms, open plan, obligatory fireplace. Preference is given to natural materials: clay, stone, wood, the latter is used in finishing the floor, walls, and ceiling. There are a lot of handmade items - wicker baskets, pottery, forged items.

The furniture is simple, high-quality, massive, it’s good if it’s left over from grandma’s time: old chests of drawers, shabby sofas, vintage chests. The rooms have a lot of textiles of different colors and patterns - blankets, pillows, rugs, napkins, tablecloths and so on - which make the rooms very cozy and homely.

This style has absorbed the entire millennium Chinese culture– with their oriental mystery, philosophy and practicality. The interiors are simple, the space is organized according to Feng Shui: there are many screens and partitions, traditional motifs (dragons, sakura, flowers and branches), low and miniature, often lacquered, furniture. Objects are arranged in pairs or symmetrically.

Each item or color has its own meaning, so you should choose carefully. For example, as decoration you can choose fans, traditional paintings, paper lanterns, incense sticks, porcelain vases, and be sure to put mats on the floor. The materials in China are natural; bamboo is especially popular.

Kitsch is suitable for people with an excellent sense of humor: a maximalist style that vividly mixes trends, furniture, materials, colors, and prints. Fake works of art, trinkets from the market, and children's creativity in all its forms will work well. For fun, look for the most popular items among most: artificial flowers, travel figurines, low-quality reproductions.

There are no rules, there is irony. Pseudo-luxury and a riot of colors are desirable, but not necessary. The materials are inexpensive: synthetics and plastic, artificial velvet and fur, the main thing is that there are more of them. Furniture is carved, vintage, unusual colors and shapes. More is more, as they say.

Classicism is a palace style, a calmer and more restrained follower of Baroque and Rococo. A little less opulent luxury, a little more symmetrical elegance and nobility. A big feature: classicism uses antique motifs - columns and arches, fireplaces and tapestries, crystal chandeliers and stucco moldings - all in the ancient Roman and Greek manner.

The dominant colors are white, beige, light pink and green, blue, some of the furniture is covered with gold. The latter is made of natural wood, simple geometric shapes, with a calm pattern. The decor is restrained, each item looks dignified and majestic.

The classics that will be discussed are rather a group of classical styles that appeared in different eras to decorate the castles and palaces of rich blue-blooded individuals. Among them are Empire and Versailles, classicism and renaissance, baroque. Each style is based on natural materials (especially valuable species ah wood and stone inserts), elegant furniture on thin legs and stucco on the ceiling.

Classic styles are proportional, the composition is always built around a center (one or several), lamps and accessories are placed symmetrically. The lighting is always luxurious: crystal chandeliers, candlesticks, tall floor lamps on both sides of one sofa.

Colonial style is a mixture of cultures of great empires and their colonies: when the conquerors moved to another exotic country, they built houses with old taste and new conditions and materials.

The colonial style has several directions: English, American, French, African, Indian... Each movement is different, but there are several common features - the interweaving of European classics and oriental aesthetics, natural colors with bright accents, the use of exotic decorative items and travel attributes: wicker baskets and rattan furniture, African masks, animal skins, maps, globes, an abundance of exotic plants and chests.

Constructivism is a Soviet style of architecture that smoothly flowed into interior design. This is an avant-garde style - its essence boils down to the rejection of previous classical forms with excessive decoration and deliberate luxury in favor of rational solutions.

Constructivism is very practical, with strict geometric shapes, precise proportions, comfortable, dim furniture and a minimum of accessories. The rooms need an open plan and huge floor-to-ceiling windows. Everything else should be relevant: a chair is needed to sit at, a table to dine at. For decoration, you can use bright color accents.

Contemporary means modern. Eclectic interiors that incorporate the best that modern styles can offer - minimalism, Scandinavian design, new classics, neo-country, constructivism. The point is simple: it is not so important to follow the letter of design as to create a cozy and practical interior, where every item brings joy and can appear spontaneously.

There are no strict rules, except perhaps the use of inexpensive practical materials, clear lines, and the occasional borrowing of iconic design items. The color scheme is neutral, but exceptions are possible here too. The only real condition: the furniture is selected in such a way as to save space - a closed wall, modular sofas, transformable furniture.

A loft is first and foremost a space. The space of former factories and factories, which were supplied with minimal amenities and were rented out cheaply to bohemian youth. The result was huge rooms without partitions with a maximum level of natural light.

Characteristic features: lack of partitions, brick and concrete finishing, contemporary art as decor, availability industrial elements. Furniture can be different - from vintage and found on the street, and then creatively recycled, to simple comfortable things of our time, the main thing is that it must be original and bright so as not to get lost against the backdrop of a huge room. The windows should be as large as possible.

Manga is a style for fans of Japanese comics and anime, the main emphasis in the decor is on your favorite characters. The design can be anything, the main thing is that it gravitates towards Japanese minimalism. Materials and furniture also do not matter; you can choose to suit every taste. Accents with characters can be everywhere - graffiti on the wall, comic posters, prints on textiles, pouf.

In order not to overload the space, in manga interiors they prefer to use no more than three bright colors. Although there are exceptions - for example, if one of the fans decided to bring to life the home of a favorite character exactly like in a comic book.

Refusal of unnecessary decor, comfortable functional furniture of simple geometric shapes, monochrome colors, a large amount of free space... do you recognize it? This is all minimalism. Get rid of unnecessary partitions and unnecessary things, use natural materials (you can leave a rough texture), refuse complex designs.

A bit of asceticism: the walls are most often white, there are no ornaments at all, accessories can be counted on the fingers (of one hand!), the lighting is diffuse, storage systems are discreetly hidden from view. There remains space, a lot of light from large windows and that same airy lightness for which everything was started.

See Art Nouveau. Today, modernism refers to a group of styles with similar characteristics: Art Nouveau in France, Liberty in Italy, Tiffany in America. In its own way, this is a rebellious style, which is based on the rejection of classical palace styles and an attempt to create something fundamentally new. The reason was widespread fatigue with luxury and unnaturalness, and a need for more affordable design arose.

Features: rejection of symmetry and geometry in favor of smooth plant and sea lines, abundance of wood, wrought iron grilles and stained glass windows, skillfully decorated furniture, windows, openings and doors. Natural palette - the most common colors are beige, brown, olive, marsh, grass green and gold.

Nostalgia for the sea in the interior is a combination of white with all shades of blue in all possible variations: from light blue to rich colors close to green and purple. Favorite pattern is white and blue horizontal stripes, favorite accessories are those related to traveling by sea. These can be shells, starfish, steering wheels and chests. The floor and walls are wooden.

In this style, it is good to use simple, laconic objects made from natural materials - wood, twine, rope and sailing fabric. There should be as much lighting as possible - therefore, floor-to-ceiling windows, glass partitions and a lot of bright and beautiful lamps and floor lamps in a marine style.

Neoclassicism in the interior is the luxury of palace royal styles in a modern, slightly more accessible interpretation. This is an idealization and then modernization of the past. For such an interior, you need a spacious room with large windows and high ceilings, in which the principles of symmetry and proportionality are important.

The walls are covered with light paint, there is stucco on the ceiling, parquet on the floor, perhaps a carpet of a calm light shade. Furniture – with graceful legs and a slight reference to past centuries. Lighting – for beauty: multi-level chandeliers, wall sconces, floor lamps with lampshades. And of course the decor! Antique sculptures, classical paintings in gilded frames, porcelain vases.

Pin-up is a retro style that originates during the American Great Depression: cheerful girls with magnificent forms were called upon to cheer up the tired population. Gradually, the principles of a cheerful coquette found application in design: the interiors turned out to be light, bright, and mischievous.

To create such an atmosphere, just a little white and a lot of candy colors - pink, yellow, Tiffany - add various cozy textiles to them, hang a couple of funny posters. The furniture is a little retro - a large wrought-iron vintage bed, dressing table, cozy round chairs. The image of the room will be complemented by weightless, flowing fabrics with simple motifs - polka dots, checks, stripes.

Pop art is what art is for, to be bright and shocking. This style chaotically mixes colors and different shapes of furniture. Bold and open, the best pop art spaces can rival galleries - the walls are decorated with graffiti, posters, comics, drawings, and installations.

For these purposes, the walls are often initially white - the easier it is to decorate them creatively. Accents in the interior are set by lighting - art objects must be properly illuminated in order to attract attention, although sometimes a lamp is an original art object.

Eclectic postmodernism is a style that simultaneously contrasts itself with the entire era of modernism and rebels against modern minimalism. Less practicality: crooked shelves, empty frames, asymmetrical furniture, bright, flashy colors. For this approach, you'll need spacious, open-plan spaces to give you room to roam.

The more unusual, the better: combine different materials in one item (concrete and wood, for example), place an expensive designer chair next to an IKEA sofa, find fancy posters. Another good solution is a sharp transition from one zone to another: paint half the room flashy pink, leave the other completely white. Be hooligan and have fun: postmodernism can let you do that.

Provence in the interior is the spirit of warm and cozy rural France, sun-baked surfaces. Among the main features: a soft palette of pastel colors, faded surfaces, many fresh flowers, the presence of a stove or fireplace. Natural finish– stone floors, plaster walls, wood accents on the walls and ceiling.

Vintage and artificially aged furniture are in use: chests of drawers, sideboards, wardrobes, cozy sofas and armchairs in huge covers, with big amount pillows The rooms have a lot of textiles - napkins, tablecloths, carpets and blankets - style country house implies an exaggerated understanding of comfort. It remains to say about the things dear to the heart: in such houses there are a lot of little things - vases, figurines, boxes, pottery, candlesticks and wicker baskets.

The interiors of the Renaissance are the first palace luxury that replaced the cold castles of the Middle Ages. Characteristic features of the style: elegant symmetry, wall paintings and fabric decoration, domed and multi-level ceilings, stone floors, antique sculptures and ornaments on the floor, walls, ceiling, frequent use of marble, an abundance of columns and pilasters.

We should also talk about furniture. There are relatively few items, each one is carefully selected in accordance with the role it will play. All furniture has thin legs, regular geometric shapes, and is decorated with fine carvings, inlays and gilding.

Rococo is a classic interior style: expensive, elegant, sophisticated. It replaced Baroque, allowing the rich counts to take a little rest and relax from the luxurious luxury of its predecessor. Features of the style include decorative interiors, but this time much more attention is paid to personal comfort. The color scheme is very delicate: dusty pink, light blue, soft green, with silver and gold.

The furniture of this era is incredibly elegant, with thin graceful legs, often carved, and decorated with gilding. There is stucco on the ceilings, parquet and patterned carpets on the floors. The rooms are decorated with carved mirrors, huge chandeliers on the ceiling, candlesticks and candelabra on the walls. Many sculptures and figurines are associated with mythology.

The Romanesque style evokes associations with an old medieval castle or monastery. The main principle is no frills: simplicity of design, large-scale architecture, small windows, powerful columns and dark rooms. A minimum of decor - the main decoration was knightly paraphernalia, as well as stained glass windows, candlesticks and carpets. An important element Each room had a stove or fireplace.

Rough finish – stone walls and floors, simple and bulky wooden furniture, bronze lamps - that’s all the materials that were used at that time. Chests were used for literally everything - both as a wardrobe and as a bench, sometimes even as a bed or table.

The Russian style in the interior includes three directions: the traditional village hut, the elegant tower and the so-called “ala rus”. The latter is found in modern interiors and uses details of the Russian past - a stove, traditional ornaments, lace tablecloths and napkins, icons, chests, fringed floor lamps, wall and ceiling paintings, elegant trims and shutters.

Russian style is distinguished by its well-known sincerity and environmental friendliness: only natural materials are used, and the interior is dominated by wood trim and furniture. For extra “Russianness,” add a samovar or traditional nesting dolls.

Rustic is the style of wealthy village houses, entirely furnished with wood. The wood can be perfectly varnished or, which happens much more often, not processed at all: all the knots and irregularities, all the complex texture remains in place, as if the tree had recently been cut down in the forest.

In authentic rustic, all furniture and decoration are made of wood, but in modern interiors it is good to borrow only part of the elements, choosing to decorate the walls and ceiling with white plaster. Furniture can be assembled from old boards, pieces of doors and recycled items. The most important thing is that some of the items can be modern, using high technology.

Steampunk is the book fantasy of past centuries come to life. The style is nostalgic for victorian era, while increasing the industrial pathos. It turns out to be a futuristic gothic, in which steam engines have taken over the world (but modern technology has not).

How to repeat? Take some Victorian furniture - massive, harsh, made of wood and leather, add more decorations - pipes, valves, gears, chains, pendulums, sensors, and another pinch of traveler attributes - diagrams of aircraft, maps, globes, suitcases, pepper that with antique items era. There's nothing left - hang it up blackout curtains, place a spot light, and that’s it – your steampunk!

Modest and beautiful, Scandinavian style is considered the most democratic interior style. It is not surprising - it was the Scandinavians who were among the first to talk about mass design, thanks to which beautiful and comfortable objects became available to ordinary people.

Today, the northern style has become even more minimalistic - its fans adhere to the principles of consciousness and durability of design objects, preferring things that can bring comfort and survive any trend. Distinctive features: open layout, large spaces with massive windows, wooden accents, cool colors (the main color is white), the presence of mostly practical accessories (exceptions are black and white paintings and posters, as well as mirrors, lamps, glass vases).

Mediterranean style

Mediterranean styleThe interior collects common features of several countries lying north of the Mediterranean Sea - Italy, Spain, Greece. They are united by a love of nature and natural materials, fresh and bright colors that imitate the sea, sun, and southern plants. Large windows with light curtains, high textured ceilings and white plaster walls help keep the rooms as light as possible.

Wood is often used - beams on the ceiling, massive rustic furniture. There are terracotta stone tiles on the floor, and stained glass and mosaics are included in the decor. The choice of patterns depends on the country - bright blue and light blue monochromatic accents are common in Greece, calm beige and earth tones are common in Italy, exuberant Moroccan motifs are common in Spain.

Finnish design is when big house with huge panoramic windows in a snowy forest, and not a soul around! The Finns inherited from other Scandinavians pronounced practicality and minimalism, simplicity in everything and comfort around, but there is much, much more soulful and warm wood in the interior - on the floor, walls, ceiling and, of course, in the furniture!

The tree is diluted with cute things - bright paintings, printed pillows, unusual cases and blankets, blankets, blankets. Finnish furniture is a separate form of art: simple, laconic, very practical.

The main feature of the French style is graceful, playful eclecticism. The French mix styles, materials, and colors with well-known charm. In one room, vintage and antique items coexist with ultra-modern solutions.

In France, they are not afraid of empty space, and at the same time they love comfort, so in some places the same room looks minimalistic, and in others it looks excessively filled with little things: books, candles, photographs, accessories. The colors are warm, almost always light, the shades gently transition from one to another. The rooms breathe - large windows, high ceilings, elegant furniture on thin legs, open shelves, massive chandeliers.

Functionalism sounds like a utopia - all objects should fulfill their role, be beautiful, cheap and convenient. Anything that does not have a function must be excluded. Aesthetics are secondary, and are only important as long as they do not interfere with the object's purpose.

A calm color scheme suits the style - nothing superfluous, and even the colors are orderly and practical. The furniture is geometrically simple, ergonomic, able to change and transform - a sofa bed instead of a bed, extendable tables on wheels, built-in wardrobes. The only thing that is found in abundance is lighting, which, thanks to dimmers and various variations, can be adjusted to the mood and time of day.

Futurism is a style inspired by science fiction. The style is characterized by a desire for the highest possible technical equipment, original forms, and pronounced asymmetry. Metals, plastic, concrete and glass are often used in decoration. Upholstered furniture combines leather and metals; wood and plastic are most often used to create the rest.

The lighting is fragmented: throughout the space there are many diode modules built into the walls, furniture, ceiling and even the floor. The decor is restrained: you can afford blinds on the windows, black and white paintings and a huge amount of elegant and ultra-modern equipment.

Fusion in English means “merging” and is a style in which you don’t have to sacrifice your favorite things for the sake of design integrity. Use a neutral light background and add different colors, textures and patterns to it. Don't be afraid of contrasts - modern art beautifully sets off vintage, and a long-pile carpet makes a glossy floor even cozier.

In this style, objects are chosen emotionally - complex color schemes are assembled in the interior, the rooms do not look completely finished. And it’s true - fusion assumes that you will periodically replace some items with others.

High-tech in interior design is still quite young: it came to design from architecture in the 1980s. This style is very practical, the only accessories are technology, that is, gadgets, screens, systems smart homes, audio systems and much more.

In minimalist interiors with a monochrome palette, there is little furniture, most often it is easy to change and move: transformable sofas, folding tables. Often there are metal or glass shelves in which everything you need is hidden. Great emphasis is placed on lighting: glass or metal lamps, illuminated panels, spotlights, floor lamps with a minimalist design.

Shabby chic means “shabby” chic. The wear and tear is evident in classic vintage furniture, antique accessories, a light, airy ambiance with a crown molded ceiling and old hardwood floors. An elegant, very soulful atmosphere is created with the help of white and light pastel shades, a crystal chandelier, and thin airy fabrics.

The rooms have a lot of handmade and recycled items, a lot of flowers - especially roses and peonies, a lot of statues - most often angels and classic worn busts. Light-colored covers are put on the furniture; pillows, blankets, and carpets are required.

Contrast or house? Rather eclectic! Initially, eclectic spaces were those in which the basic principles of classical trends were mixed. Today, eclecticism is everything that cannot be identified as a specific style.

The eclectic rooms mix old and new objects, eastern and western cultures, ethnic rustic and ultra-modern high-tech solutions. Color often becomes a unifying factor; dissimilar objects are collected into a harmonious picture thanks to unity color range. Accessories receive a lot of love - the more of them, the more homogeneous things seem that are initially incompatible with each other.

Eco style

Eco-style in the interior - a story about true love to nature. The philosophy of a conscious approach to life: careful use of resources, avoidance of fur, leather and cutting down valuable tree species, choice of natural, often recycled materials.

Among the latter are wood, wicker, bamboo, stone, clay, cotton and flax. The result is a natural palette of soft natural colors. Now add green - the decor is dominated by plants, ranging from a few specimens to the presence of a home garden and a full-fledged phytowall! There are two types of furniture - deliberately rough, handmade, as opposed to objects with naturally soft shapes, comfortable for daily use.

Japan is a century-old tradition and a special philosophy that actively influences the way and structure of space and life. The Japanese are minimalists - the interiors are almost ascetic, the furniture is extremely functional, there are few accessories: a set for a tea ceremony, bamboo lanterns to create diffuse lighting, engravings that bring good luck, bonsai trees.

The interiors are monochrome, they contain natural motifs and hieroglyphs, and the materials are exclusively natural. There is little furniture - the Japanese often eat and meditate on the floor, so it is all decorated with mats and tatami (reed mats).

Mid-century modern is distinguished by emphasized functionality, clear lines and the main principle - everything should be as convenient as possible. Colors are of great importance - bright, deep, often natural, often concentrated industrial. Representatives of the style love to mix textures and materials and pay a lot of attention to lighting and furniture. Many items created under the auspices of mid-century modern have become golden design classics and are still coveted by our contemporaries.

The great advantage of the style is that it can be used to create both a retro look and a modern, fresh look.

Interior design includes many cultures of different peoples, as well as ideas and layouts of modern designers' projects. To understand which image appeals to your personal interests, you first need to familiarize yourself with what interior styles there are. To avoid mistakes when creating it, strictly follow the rules for selecting material, color, lighting and decorative attributes.

This article describes the most popular and sought-after interior design styles, the priceless charm of which is determined by the visual effect of beautiful execution. You can make renovations with a creative approach to any area of ​​an apartment or house, with large windows and small ones - use your feelings, and you will definitely be able to understand which style is closest to your spirit.

What styles are there in the interior of an apartment?

Eco

Eco, which in Greek means “house, habitat,” depends entirely on the ecology of the materials used. Recycled attributes are directly related to nature. The idea of ​​“eco” arose for the first time when humanity began to talk about solving the problem of environmental pollution. The designers wanted to create a cozy, environmentally friendly place where people can truly relax and unwind. Main factors:

• Colors close to natural;
• Ecologically natural materials;
• Well-chosen forms without excesses.

It contains a deep idea and a kind of protest against environmental pollution.

Eco is dominated by a large number lighting fixtures. It’s good if there are large windows, then you can decorate them with light curtains, or even leave them as is. Eco has common feature c – minimize objects – nothing superfluous. Of course, flower arrangements of indoor plants are a must-have decoration.

Country

Country is a movement that at first glance gives an understanding of ease, lightness and traditional simplicity. His creative approach is a conductor of a homely atmosphere, comfort, and seminal harmony, which can remind us of life in the villages. He loves natural raw materials made from environmentally friendly materials. Often, master designers use the technique of transforming old furniture into new, country-style furniture. This is a good way to show the best side of preserving traditions in an improved new form. in any of the rooms, the main thing is to use the main decorative features that would emphasize it: wicker baskets, tablecloths, heavy curtains or curtains, vases with flowers, clocks, enamel dishes, forged candlesticks and chandeliers.

Boho

Perhaps the freest genre that has taken a hermit-like direction. If you want the atmosphere to be full of your ideas, fantasies, accessories, souvenirs - boho is just for you.

Design loves hand made, collecting and other objects that the owner of the house is passionate about. The furnishings should be comfortable, and the colors should be colorful and bright.

It doesn’t matter at all what the walls or floor are covered with, first of all - it should be convenient for you, reflect the nature of your hobbies. Self-expression is the main hobby of boho. Let the decorative figurines and figurines be contradictory, but you will like them. Each item should have its own story, be a part of your life. - these are chaotically placed details, a reflection of yourself, and therefore can acquire different social markers: hippie, glamorous, environmental, classic. All these directions carry a charge of positive energy due to the combination of bright colors.

You should not use a global amount of decor; the design of an apartment or house will look cluttered.

Grunge

At first glance, exclusive and unlike any other – grunge is hard not to define. A prerequisite is a maximum large area.

The room should have large windows for good lighting, and be supplemented in the evening with warm light from lamps, sconces, and bedside lamps. Another important condition is the simplicity of the design of the walls and floor.

This genre excludes any excesses. Grunge loves restrained natural tones and textures. They often use brickwork or leave the wall alone, carefully strengthening it to make it more practical.

A strongly lit room with the effect of “aged” furniture, surrounded by fresh flowers and a variety of bright attributes - these are the main components of this genre.

Pastel colors and often white furniture are complemented by colorful small design details. These can be vases with flowers, pillows, ruffles, curtains decorated with floral patterns, various figurines, dishes made of ceramics and porcelain. The walls are covered with paint, almost never with wallpaper. Imitation of antiquity is the main component of Provence. Textiles and embroidery are actively used by designers. Many creative designers equip the furnishings with forged elements. Forging should have an air of sophistication and practicality. The predominant color is white and black.

Placing objects around the perimeter of an apartment or house is erroneous. Try to experiment and create a cozy space.

Classic

New trends in functional technology. Maximum cozy placement in every corner or wall of the room, or be invisible to the visual eye.
Wooden furniture with gilding, bronze, mother-of-pearl upholstery.

The color palette is in pastel colors with the addition of gold. There are inclusions of black in contrast with a combination of light shades and gold as the primary colors.
Expensive textiles: satin, viscose, cotton.
Volumetric Crystal Chandelier, floor lamps, sconces, spotlights - will complement and saturate the look of the room. Classics are a reflection of bourgeois luxurious life; not everyone can afford it, because... implies chic and luxury.

Modern

Modern in translation means “modern”, but it takes its roots back to the end of the 19th century. Just like - this is an interior design style that requires large investments and the complexity of its creation.

The basis of the reconstruction is wood. Mostly oak and beech are used, leaving a natural shade. The general theme shows a love for everything natural, thanks to patterns and prints on textiles, stairs of the plant/animal world.

Stained glass is almost a prerequisite for modernism. A stream of lighting is placed next to them, creating a special effect. The severity of symmetry and geometric equality of figures in the overall visualization of the room are not acceptable to him. Usually the headset is made to order. Models are invented specifically for a unique project, keep this in mind if you want to get a truly unique modern style at home.

High tech

Hi-tech translates as “high technology”. It is difficult to confuse it with other design genres in the interior - it is based only on convenience, high efficiency recyclable equipment.

There is practically no decor when decorating. The walls can be decorated with black and white photographs of cultural landmarks or a large metropolis. Mirrors and a large number of lighting fixtures are often used to expand the space. The advantage of these motives will be built into the wall and elementary equipment - laptop, plasma TV, projector, etc..

When talking about furniture and other paraphernalia, it is important to use correct, smooth lines. Chrome parts, shiny surface of walls or a separate designated area, rich lighting - these are the main factors that determine. The windows are decorated with Roman blinds or string curtains. Attributes that complement the interior must be made in the same tone as the main palette and have the correct geometric shape.

When purchasing or ordering objects to furnish a room, make sure that they are harmoniously connected with the overall visual design.

The main thing in creating a modern design

To summarize, we can display a table of the differences between all the interior design styles discussed above for a house and an apartment.

Modern interior design styles allow you to breathe new life to the apartment. For some people, modern interior design seems too minimalistic and completely uncomfortable. Others rate modern interior styles as advanced and functional. Check out the styles in the article and write your position on this issue in the comments.

By the way, check out our Instagram ;) and get tons of inspiration 7 days a week!

Numerous photos confirm that it is easy to use modern styles in interior design. The main thing is to soberly assess your capabilities and make efforts. This applies not only to creative ideas, but also to the state of the family budget. If there are no financial restrictions, then this makes it possible to use the services of professionals. They will do everything to make your home look prestigious.

Modern styles in interior design - Constructivism

If speak about modern design at home, then you should pay attention to constructivism. The peculiarity of this style is the presence of broken lines, high functionality of interior elements, as well as sparse decor.

There is no room for accessories that have no practical purpose. Rationality is the main thing that guides professionals when decorating a room.

To decorate a house in this style, the following materials and ideas are used:

• The color palette is presented in monochrome combinations. There should be yellow, red, gray and metallic shades. You can replace unnecessary trinkets with the help of a play of color. As a result, the interior comes to life. All this is achieved without the use of unnecessary accessories that simply take up free space.
• It is better to decorate the walls in a single color decorative plaster. Paintings are used to decorate them.
• It is customary to use laminate as a floor covering, which has an aesthetic appearance and high strength.

• As for the ceiling, it is plastered or finished with wooden panels. In the second case, the built-in backlight is used.
• Particular attention is paid to furniture here, as it takes up a lot of space. Furniture, like all interior elements, must be functional. You should not use unnecessary decorative elements that will give the room a cluttered appearance.
• As for the material for the manufacture of this or that interior item, it can be wood, metal, stone and glass. The use of refined finishing of interior elements in the form of carvings or other is unacceptable here. This decoration will attract a lot of attention. And this does not fit into the constructivism style of interior design.

By following these rules and requirements, you can decorate your apartment in an original way and give it style.

Antique style is an interior that is directly related to the culture of ancient Greece and Rome. Antiquity is the image of a Greek column striving upward, towards light and perfection. The symbolism of the Antique style is obvious and recognizable. First of all, this is the museum nobility of the presented interior. An eternal classic that will never go out of style, an endless spatial unity that unites other standard solutions. In order to add a touch of Antique style to the interior, it is not enough to decorate the room with a portico with two marble columns; it is important that this nuance gives off a feeling of nobility and completeness. The Antique style is usually very self-sufficient and does not need any decorations.

Vanguard

Avant-garde is a style that abandons classical, traditional canons and creates new modern forms that are in tune with the mood prevailing in society. The fundamental principles of style are color and shape, which must contrast with each other. In general, contrast is one of the main features of the Avant-garde style. It should be noted that this style can combine completely incompatible objects and materials. The basis of the Avant-garde style is color and shape, to which contrast is certainly added. The style is characterized by bright and pure colors such as white, black, red, yellow, green. It is allowed to use several contrasting colors in one room at the same time. It is believed that this adds dynamics and expression to the interior.

Empire style

This interior style is the highest point, and at the same time the final chord of classicism that emerged in the second half of the 18th century. During the era of the Napoleonic Empire, classicism was reborn into an official style imposed from above - the Empire style. The essence of this style was frankly expressed in its very name: Empire - from the French “empiere”, empire. Quoting the Roman classics, Empire incorporated its characteristic features, combining the features of Ancient Greece and Rome, adding to them ancient Egyptian motifs. The interior style of the aristocracy, which has not gone out of fashion to this day, shines with its luxury and wealth.

Art Deco

Art Deco is the style of the stars, these are rounded, “streamlined” forms of furniture, chrome-plated handles on wooden furniture facades, sculptural compositions of female figures in expressive, almost unnatural poses, and exotic natural materials finishing - ivory, snakeskin, stingray or crocodile skin. Art Deco is characterized by the use of different elements of interior decor. These are bright, bold, sometimes daring, original color combinations. Interior design made in the Art Deco style is a grouping of individual stylish things: furniture, ceramics, fabrics, wood or bronze products. The latest chic style of European capitals.

Art Nouveau, Art Nouveau

The slogan is “back to nature.” Characteristic features are a wavy curved line, combining the trends of the East and the desire for constructiveness. The intricately curved lines of the decor visually merge with the elements building structure. In decoration, much attention is paid to a stylized floral pattern, flexible flowing forms, which turned metal structures into bizarre thickets of fantastic flowers. The symbol of the style is the sophisticated form of a cyclamen flower, “water” plants, irises, lilies, and algae. Stylized plant and animal forms with softly curved, moving lines, flat and not giving shadows, due to which they are far from naturalism or historicism - most likely similar to late Gothic forms and Japanese painting.

Baroque

Baroque - palace style. The eternal youth of the style is explained simply; at all times, elements emphasizing abundance and luxury have been in demand. The Baroque style has become the embodiment of its era. For the first time in the history of art, Baroque combined two concepts - style and way of life. The sensual-physical joy of being, tragic conflicts form the basis of beauty and the source of inspiration for style. In interior design, Baroque strives for grandeur, splendor, and spatial scope. Excessively lush and replete with richness of decoration, variety of materials used and complex decorative style.

Biedermeier

Biedermeier is an offshoot of romanticism, which replaced the Empire style, which is why it is sometimes called a “mixture of Empire style with Romanticism.” Interiors in the Biedermeier style are characterized by intimacy, balanced proportions, simplicity of forms and light colors. The premises were light and spacious, which is why the interior was perceived as moderately simple, but psychologically comfortable. The walls of rooms with deep window niches were painted white or other light colors and covered with embossed striped wallpaper. The pattern on the window curtains and furniture upholstery was the same. These fabric interior parts were colored and contained designs depicting flowers.

Victorian style

The British call the Victorian period briefly: “Victorianism” and believe that in aesthetics it meant the triumph of pragmatism and materialism, which, however, is generally characteristic of the “English style”. The characteristic features of the Victorian style are eclecticism, combining Gothic, Rococo, exotic and classic. Exotic at that time meant Indian and Chinese styles. In addition, the Victorian style is a combination of unsurpassed quality and ancient, classic canons.

Gothic

Gothic is mainly an architectural style, but in interior design it is characterized by very significant differences from other styles, its own and incomparable “face”: huge windows, multi-color stained glass windows, lighting effects. Giant openwork towers, emphasized verticality of all structural elements. Characteristic elements in interior design are slender columns, complex vault shapes, openwork ornaments, rose-shaped windows and lancet vaults, lead-framed window glass, made of convex glass, but without curtains. Fantastic, superior to all existing Gothic structures, they overcome the bulkiness of stone. As a result, the main features can be considered irrationalism, dematerialization, upward striving, mysticism, lightness, expressiveness.

Constructivism

Constructivism in the interior is characterized by the aesthetics of expediency, the rationality of strictly utilitarian forms, purified from the romantic decorativeism of modernity. Furniture of simple, strict, comfortable shapes is created. The function and purpose of each item is extremely clear. No bourgeois excesses. Simplicity is taken to the limit, to such simplification, when things - chairs, beds, cabinets - become simply objects for sleeping, sitting. A distinctive feature of the Constructivist Style in interior design is thoughtful functional solutions and strict adherence to their requirements, compact volumes with a clearly identified frame, technical clarity of constructing an architectural form.

Classicism

Classicism is a palace style created specifically for the design of palace premises and chambers of noble people. The main feature of the architecture of classicism was the appeal to the forms of ancient architecture as a standard of harmony, simplicity, rigor, logical clarity and monumentality. Classicism is characterized by clear geometric shapes, restrained decor and expensive, high-quality materials (natural wood, stone, silk, etc.). The most common decorations are sculptures and stucco. Monumental sophistication, majesty, solidity, finishing in noble colors - these are the signs by which the classic style of the interior is recognized.

Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism, as an aesthetic movement and architectural style, is determined by an appeal to antiquity, which it adopted from the classicism that preceded it. In a word, neoclassicism is the modern completion of classicism at that time. Distinctive features Neoclassicism is elegance, lightness, and straightforwardness. Neoclassicism is the antithesis of the Art Nouveau style, which was too saturated with decorative elements.

Mannerism

Mannerist art is generally characterized by the primacy of form over content. Refined technique, virtuosity of manner, demonstration of skill do not correspond to the poverty of design, secondary and imitative ideas. Mannerism is positioned as a transitional style from classical massive, monumental forms in the interior decoration of the Renaissance (Renaissance) to a new style, promoting pomp and grandeur, luxury and pathos - Baroque style. Mannerism is characterized by: elongated figures, tense poses (counterpost), unusual or bizarre effects associated with size, lighting or perspective, and bright colors.

Modern

The distinctive features of the Art Nouveau style are: the rejection of straight lines and angles in favor of more natural, “natural” lines, interest in new technologies (especially in architecture), and the flourishing of applied art. The Art Nouveau style strives to combine the artistic and utilitarian functions of the works created, involving all spheres of human activity in the sphere of beauty. The main principle of the Art Nouveau style is dynamic balance, embodied in streamlined flexible forms. Furniture in the Art Nouveau style is simple and functional. Cabinet furniture for various purposes - cabinets, chests of drawers, shelves - could be rectangular, but with the obligatory “aesthetics”: frosted glazing, elegant fittings. In the bends of the armrests and the pattern of the legs upholstered furniture there was also a hint of curved lines, often the frames repeated the interlacing of plant branches, the shapes of the bodies of animals or insects. Decorative finishing materials - wallpaper, textiles, were generously decorated with images of stylized flowers, leaves, birds, insects.

Renaissance

The characteristic features of the interior in the Renaissance style were large rooms with rounded arches, carved wood trim, the intrinsic value and relative independence of each individual detail, from which the whole is assembled. Deep perspective, proportionality, harmony of forms - mandatory requirements Renaissance aesthetics. The character of the interior space is largely determined by the vaulted ceilings, the smooth lines of which are repeated in numerous semicircular niches. The Renaissance color scheme is soft, the halftones blend into each other, there are no contrasts, complete harmony. Nothing catches your eye.

Roman style

The main elements of the Romanesque style: relief plane, laconicism and simplicity; colors: brown, red, green, white, gray, black; barrel, semi-circular, straight, horizontal and vertical lines; rectangular and cylindrical shapes; semi-circular frieze, repeating geometric or floral pattern ; halls with open ceiling beams and supports in the center; stone, massive, thick-walled structures; castle and knightly themes - torches, armor, coats of arms, battles, weapons.

Rococo

Rococo is a refined and sophisticated style of the early eighteenth century. The characteristic features of the interior in the Rococo style are sophistication, a large decorative load of interiors and compositions, graceful ornaments, great attention to mythology, erotic situations, comfort, the creation of an illusory world filled with an atmosphere of warmth, coziness, comfort and grace. The coloring of the Rococo interior is dominated by gentle pastel colors. The most popular color combinations are white with blue, green or pink and, of course, gold. Movable screens appear in interiors, visually changing the space; tapestries with images of flowers, pagodas, people in Chinese clothes; famous Chinese porcelain, exquisite orchids, thin-trunked trees, aquarium fish, as well as elegant lacquered furniture by Chinese craftsmen, as if created for Rococo.

Eclecticism

Eclecticism in the interior is a combination of furniture of two or three different styles, united by color, texture, and architectural design. This style absorbs all the best features and details of various styles and together create a holistic and harmonious picture. The eclectic style is often called a dialogue of several different cultures. Most often, close historical styles are mixed, for example, classicism and empire, baroque and modern. Compositions are produced in which things are harmoniously combined in the interior without contradicting each other.

Expressionism

The very name of the expressionism style suggests an emotional (of course, in a positive sense) interior. The most important thing when creating an expressionism style in an interior is to make an impression on the people present in the room, and it does not matter whether this impression is positive or negative. Expressionism is characterized by an emphasized emotional expressiveness of the composition, sometimes achieved through sharpness, grotesqueness, deliberate deformation of familiar architectural forms, or abandoning them altogether and forming a composition according to the principles of sculpture.

English style

Traditional English style is an eclecticism of “flavors” of different eras, which today we perceive as classics. The main principle of the English interior: rich and restrained. If we take moderate luxury on the verge of sophistication, a sense of taste and proportion, we get pure English style. The English style in the interior can be characterized by such concepts as respectability and luxury; in a word, it is a classic interior style with the addition of luxury. This style is reminiscent of the castles of English aristocrats - noble, majestic. As a memory of the colonial past, in some places there are shades of Indian and Chinese style.

African style

African style in the interior is dynamic and energetic; it is not intended to create an atmosphere of peace. It turns you on, gives you strength and energy. Currently, African style is one of the most popular and sought-after ethnic styles. The main distinctive characteristics of the African style are impulsiveness, mystery, as well as childish spontaneity and simplicity. In other words, all these qualities create a contrast with the high-tech style, which is distinguished by rationality and urbanity and other styles that imply solidity and patriarchy.

East style

An oriental style interior includes several main components: Japanese interior, Indian interior, Chinese interior. All these interiors belong to the east. However, there are stylistic features that unite each direction of oriental interior design: materials - wood, bamboo, reed, metal, silk - any natural material; colors - rich, bright or natural, multi-colored; shapes - fluid, like desert sands or river, simplicity combined with pretentiousness; finishing - inlays, carvings, varnish. Complex techniques, intricate patterns, abundance of decorations.

Egyptian style

Egyptian style in the interior is, first of all, the interior of the pharaohs and high priests, a feeling of wealth and luxury of ancient civilization. The interior of houses in the Egyptian style is rich and colorful. Luxurious columns support the ceiling, frescoes decorate the walls, carpets and curtains complete the interior decoration. Egyptian style, calm symmetry and strict geometricity, furniture made of natural wood of simple open designs, a chest-bench veneered with cedar or ebony, inlaid with stones and mother-of-pearl. A reed mat on the floor, a figurine of a cat and a bust of Nefertiti, hookahs. Artistic images, despite the sacred attitude towards them, are highly stylized and symbolic. Furniture legs in the shape of animal paws.

Indian style

Indian style is a combination of luxury, gold, sophistication and subtle taste with asceticism, modesty, simplicity of lines and shapes. A cocktail of ornaments, colors, designs and textures, magnificent carved and inlaid furniture reflect the Indian style. Indian style is turquoise, crimson, orange colors, and completely unique of their kind. Indian silk is not as smooth and slippery to the touch as Chinese silk, it is a little rough. Furniture in Indian houses low, hand sawn from very durable wood teak. Sofas and beds should be soft and comfortable, conducive to sleep. For the basis of the interior in Indian style Three to four pieces of furniture are quite enough, but they must be combined in color. A characteristic feature is the easy transformation of the details of the house: chairs and tables, screens, shutters and doors often “change roles.” Characteristic materials: wood - teak, ivory, mother-of-pearl, silver, brass, forged metal, feathers. Techniques: enamel, forging, embossing, carving, inlay.

Chinese style

The main elements of the Chinese style: sharp, straight lines, sharp corners, clear polygonal shapes are undesirable; the shape of the furniture remains unchanged for centuries and is no less important in the interior than the harmonious placement of all elements: black lacquered furniture is a “classic” of Chinese furniture production, for decoration, carving in black lacquer is very often used, as well as gilding of individual furniture parts; key materials are bamboo, silk and an abundance of drapery, and in addition, ceramics - vases, statues, dishes; much attention in the Chinese interior is paid to color - the combination of colors and the semantic load of each hotel is characterized by a bright color scheme: red, black, blue, yellow, green, etc.; traditional Chinese decor: calligraphy, lacquer paintings, sculptural decorations made of natural stone and famous Chinese porcelain, natural Chinese carpets with a characteristic pattern.

Colonial style

The interior in the colonial style contains an incredible amount of exoticism so beloved by modern man; mainly furniture and decorative items. Colonial style is Asian walnut, reddish Chinese, rubber and tulip trees, yew and rattan palm - this is an incomplete list of species that are used to more accurately convey the colonial style in interior design. The colonial style is emphasized by durable rattan furniture that can withstand any climatic conditions. The colonial style is extremely distinguished by wicker furniture made of water hyacinth, which gives it strength and durability. Bamboo furniture is a colonial style, but in its pure form it is found very rarely; usually reed is combined with leather or rattan.

Moroccan style

Moroccan style in interior design, in addition to architectural and spatial solutions, emphasizes the contrast of blue-turquoise colors and terracotta colors (traditional colors of natural pigments of the city of Marrakech), as well as the abundance of oriental interior decor elements: handmade carpets, brass jugs, water flasks, furniture in an oriental style, metal perforated lamps from Morocco. Characteristic features are the finest wooden carvings, stucco molding and mosaics of ceramic tiles, an abundance of carpets and other original textiles. The main emphasis is the widespread use of African ornaments.

Mexican style

The style of Mexican architecture is inextricably linked with nature. Just like the very popular bright red pigment here is made from oil and local clay. The characteristic palette is strong and bright colors, borrowed from the sky, moon and sun, and you can also find colors in the palette various plants, trees, flowers. In Mexican architecture, an important role is assigned to flora: shady palm trees create whimsical patterns of shadows and graceful tones not only on the facade of the building, but also in the interior. Fine fabrics, pottery, and exquisite furniture produced by local craftsmen are rich in color, rich in texture and varied, just as the color palette of the local flora is varied. The color combinations typical for Mexico (pink and orange, blue and green) seem to hurt the eye, but are closely related to the drama of the overall architectural design.

Provence

Provence is one of the most organic and authentic styles. That is, such an interior looks good in its homeland, without breaking away from the national soil. The basis of the Provencal style is slightly worn surfaces, old furniture, unevenly plastered walls, faded fabrics, that is, a general feeling of poverty and inconspicuousness. Provencal interior does not tolerate anything “too much” or anything pretentious; the effect is achieved through a couple of the right objects - a wicker chair or a forged candlestick against a bright wall. The Provence style is good primarily in a country house, since it requires space and roughly plastered walls.

Scandinavian style

Laconicism and beauty of forms, the use of natural materials, comfort and functionality - these are the main components of the Scandinavian style, which is becoming increasingly popular. It is characterized by light, thin and graceful details of structures made from multi-layered trees. The Scandinavian style has incorporated such features as restraint and some severity. Therefore, interiors in the Scandinavian style contain a minimum of decor and are made in light natural colors from simple and natural materials, but at the same time you cannot deny the originality of this style. In the Scandinavian style we find calm and orderliness. The general coloring of the interiors is light, as if watercolor, with a lot of warm tones: yellow, milky white, light terracotta. All furniture of this style is made of natural wood. Usually these are light hardwoods, less often spruce or pine. The naturalness of the material is also transmitted to the shape of the interior items.

Mediterranean style

The Mediterranean style is close to anyone who has been to warm European countries at least once and is familiar with the romantic atmosphere. The Mediterranean style is alien to congestion and pathos. The Mediterranean-inspired interiors are built on a casual combination of antique marble elements with ceramics, wrought iron furniture and wood painted in open, bright colors. The atmosphere is completed by typical fruit motifs, blue and white checkered textiles and nautical-themed decor. Primary colors: muted “earth colors”, white, grayish-black, shades of earth and blue. No luxury - simplicity and practicality. Interiors in Mediterranean style reflect the proximity of residents to the sea and lush vegetation of the coast; they contain a lot of wood, cotton, ceramics and other natural materials. The style has a lot in common with English country, so it fits well in an old building, and in any private modern home.

Japanese style

The Japanese style in the interior has gained popularity for its functionality, elegance and unusual style solutions. Japanese-style interior design is closely related to natural materials, colors and compositions. The best continuation of such an interior is a natural landscape. The Japanese style is distinguished by impeccable color combinations and laconic forms. This is a minimalist decorative style in which nothing overloads the attention, the space is structured calmly and clearly. In a geographically small, overpopulated country, space is especially valued, which is why the interior design of the premises minimizes furniture and other familiar attributes of the house in order to compensate for its shortage. The Japanese have a special relationship with nature, so the Japanese style is associated with natural colors, mainly in light colors: shades of beige, white, cream, milky. Restrained light colors are also typical for Japanese furniture. The surface of furniture and walls is smooth, untextured. The fabrics are also cream and white, mostly natural: cotton and silk. In the Land of the Rising Sun, the place to rest is located in the center of the room

Bungalow

The art of bungalow decorating is often associated with the decorating traditions of classic American bungalows. In these cozy houses with low ceilings, the most important thing is functionality and rational use space. A bungalow-style house is characterized by a large porch and a common backyard. The bungalows are decorated using natural local materials and earthy colours. The missionary style had a very big influence on the design of the bungalow. The interior of the bungalow is dominated by an elegant rustic design.

Grunge

In such an interior there is neither pretentious luxury nor deliberate rural negligence. The basis of grunge is classic, but without lush baroque vignettes and coldish architectural classicism. Furniture in this style is, rather, a prototype of a true classic, a neat copy, deliberately devoid of complex carvings and decoration. A slight imprint of time on objects, slightly tarnished metal on fittings, teak furniture (glazed cabinets, shelves, consoles), comfortable soft sofas and armchairs on round wooden legs, family portraits on the walls - it's all grunge.

Country

The main features of country as an interior style are simplicity, the absence of elaborate decoration and, as a result, high functionality. It should also be noted that country style is characterized by coziness, comfort and a dose of romanticism. In addition, country music improves your mood and sets you up for a pleasant free time, especially with family, friends and acquaintances. Country style harmoniously combines rustic simplicity and the flavor of different countries. An interior made in the Country style is an image of a rural house in the style of the country in which it is located, as well as the taste preferences of the owner of the room. Distinctive features of the Country style can be called decorative elements: in America, a Country style interior needs a cowboy hanging on the wall a hat, in Europe - a clay figurine of a gnome, in Ukraine - something else, something that will evoke in you a feeling of measured village life.

Kitsch

Kitsch is the collective name for certain movements of Post-Modernism, such as Memphis, that exploit the potential for bad taste and the charms of sentimental crafts of mass demand. This is an anti-design game that arose as a protest movement in interior fashion for those who are ready to take their living environment not too seriously. The definition of “kitsch interior” appeared relatively recently and it means a newfangled category of interiors. The main stylistic idea of ​​kitsch is a mockery of history and artistic traditions, tastes and styles. This is a kind of nihilism in architecture, denying all its previous achievements. When outright bad taste becomes the principle of choice, and the striking incompatibility of colors and interior items becomes its main distinguishing feature. For example, gilded stucco molding along the cornice, large shiny stars on the bright blue ceiling, tubs with palm trees stand symmetrically against the walls, and the floor is tiled ceramic tiles with oriental motifs.

Contemporary

Contemporary is an interior style in which it is difficult to recognize one or another style. Interiors in the contemporary style cannot be classified as traditional styles that cite historical eras, but at the same time they meet modern requirements for comfort, simplicity, functionality and accessibility. Italians call it “modern” for its commitment to new ideas and technologies. Contemporary is a mass and accessible style. It is suitable for everyone who prefers simplicity, convenience, practicality and likes to change the decor completely or partially every 5-7 years. It is close and understandable to most, and quite simple to implement. The basic principle of Contemporary is convenience, simplicity, functionality and accessibility. The uniqueness of Contemporary is that it, as a rule, appeared in the interior spontaneously, and not as a result of a thoughtful design idea. Hence its eclecticism and vitality.

Loft

The loft is a quintessentially American phenomenon, and at first a loft meant an open-plan apartment in a building that was originally an industrial building - such as a factory or warehouse. Since open spaces, high ceilings, wide windows and industrial interior features such as exposed beams or exposed brick walls or even cement floors are inherent in this building, they are typical characteristics of a loft. The basic principle of the loft design is a huge open space, which amounts to more than one hundred square meters, and sometimes exceeds a thousand. Entering such a room, you can see its opposite corner, since usually only the bedroom, bathrooms and utility rooms are isolated. The space serves as a backdrop for the original decoration, which is usually dominated by metal, glass and plastic. The walls are as simple as possible, without frills. In addition, the details inherited from the building’s past life give special value to the loft: pipes, ventilation not hidden in the walls, walls without finishing made of rough brick.

Minimalism

Minimalism (English minimalism from Latin Minimus - smallest) is a design style characterized by laconic means of expression, simplicity, accuracy and clarity of composition. Rejecting classical creative techniques and traditional artistic materials, minimalists use industrial and natural materials of simple geometric shapes, neutral colors (black, gray) and small volumes. The origins of minimalism lie in constructivism and functionalism. Creating an interior in the minimalist style implies: Spatial freedom: a small amount of furniture and accessories. Space zoning, multi-level lighting. The color palette is light, based on the play of halftones, a lot of white, graphically emphasized with black or gray. The palette is complemented by natural tones of wood, brick, metal, and the shine of glass. Simple natural finishing materials, often unprocessed, with a rough texture: brick, concrete, wood or plaster. Simple shapes and lines, practically no decor on windows and walls. Geometric shapes: circle , rectangle, straight, may have a soft bend (no spirals)

OntoArt

OntoArt is an art movement that originated in Italy, characteristic feature which is the search for new artistic forms. Once seen, the viewer will definitely recognize the OntoArt style - in paintings, clothes, interior items, architecture. Unusual, certainly, memorable and recognizable style. Bright spots on the canvas, peering into which, at some point you see a certain image, behind it there is meaning. This is a game where the viewer becomes a direct participant in art. The concept of OntoArt art is life-affirming, pure and sincere, designed to awaken the soul of every person, to help find and comprehend our own place in the world around us. This Art affirms and exalts everything healthy and correct, corresponding to the order of nature.

Pop Art

Pop art is created to surprise people with its designs. In interior design, pop art looks unusual, expressive, contrasting, and bright. The main features of pop art: rainbow colors, catchy shapes, use of plastic, repeating elements. Pop art openly challenged the principles of “ good design”, denied modernity and its values. Pop art elevated ordinary everyday objects from the everyday world around us and images of people to the rank of works of art. Then he mixed it all with a bright color or a fancy shape and used it as a work of art. Pop art shows itself as an emotional and energetic style, as an explosion of emotions.

Postmodernism

On the one hand, Postmodernism is a further development of modernism, and on the other hand, it is critical and even excludable in its manifestations. Although at the same time, artistic art is considered to be fully established. The distinctive features of postmodernism are: the use of ready-made forms, marginality, irony, synthetics and the fusion of the old in a new context. The main features of the Postmodernism style: color: beige, silver, metallic, pearlescent, fluorescent; lines: dynamic, free; shapes: rational and free; symmetrical and asymmetrical; transformations; large, spacious halls; lightweight, original designs; contrasting textural and textured combinations. Use of artificial leather, nickel-plated and chrome-plated materials; designs: standardized prefabricated and dismountable; logical and expedient; lightweight aluminum and traditional reinforced concrete; arched, beamed and cable-stayed; windows: spacious, sometimes covering the entire wall; sliding, tilting, swinging and rotating; doors: telescopic, sliding, folding, swinging, balancing, rotating, etc.

Techno

Techno is a strict, and even cold, style, which is characterized by clear geometric lines, furniture made of metal, glass, stone walls. Such a room has a neglected, but at the same time, thoughtful appearance. There is no place for comfort here. Interiors in the techno style create a feeling of a man-made disaster and are more like the interiors of industrial premises and garages. Interiors in the techno style are characterized by: a large amount of metal and plastic, spiral staircases, walls with a rough texture, heavy metal doors. To match such architecture and interiors: according to the designers' plans, they create the feeling of a man-made disaster, in which glass and metal interior decoration a piece of irregularly shaped brick wall with protruding reinforcement “cuts in”. Full sensation of explosion.

Fusion

Fusion (from the English fusion - mixing, merging) is a mixture of different styles and trends in one interior design. Fusion is a style that allows you to place anything you want in space and at the same time create harmonious connections between assorted objects and elements. Fusion does not sweep away the previous ones traditions, but coexists with them as if in parallel worlds, creating its own rules. This direction, in fact, opposes itself to minimalism - and brings us closer to complex and expressive “maximalism”. Uninhibited “hooligan chic” is in fashion – a style that develops the logic of collage and borrows any elements. The main principle of the fusion style is freedom of color and material. The main condition of the fusion style is that the shapes, color and content of the designed interior - everything that will later become its “filling”: finishing materials, furniture, decorative elements - must ultimately stages to connect into a whole organic living space.

High tech

High-tech is a style of the late twentieth century, the main features of which are the most functional use of space and discreet decor. The style is characterized by swift, straight lines, an abundance of glass and metal parts. High-tech can be classified as ultra-modern styles; it uses designs characteristic of industrial buildings. Mobile partitions that can close and open are widely used, which allows you to change the layout. Technological design everywhere: ceilings, walls, floors, stairs, windows, doors. Materials - glass, metal, natural wood. The shapes and proportions of the furniture are carefully thought out. The complete absence of decoration is compensated by the “work” of the material: the play of light on the glass, the shine of chrome and metal surfaces, wood polish, etc.

Shabby chic

Shabby chic (English shabby - worn, shabby) is the name of the style in interior, decor, fashion. The name itself can literally be translated as “shabby shine” or “shabby chic,” which reflects its essence. This is a very young style, born in the late 80s of the twentieth century. Its author is Rachel Ashwell. General characteristics of the Shabby chic style The essence of the style is that the furniture and interior items are artificially aged. Shabby chic - shabby chic. Items can be both old and new, painted mainly in light pastel colors and worn out in places, with delicate roses or birds, or without patterns at all, a lot of delicate textiles, napkins, pillows, bedspreads, covers on chairs and armchairs.

Eco style

Eco style (Greek eikos - house, habitat) - “ecological” style”, an interior made of natural materials, giving a feeling of freshness and unity with nature. Today it is one of the most popular modern styles. General characteristics of Eco style Ecological design is an attempt to recreate the natural environment in human habitats. The meaning of eco-design lies in the name itself - an interior designed in this vein is in optimal harmony with the environment. It is in an “eco-friendly” room that a person can feel all the benefits of natural materials and really take a break from the stuffy city. Eco style or naturel is expressed only through its idea, natural origin, naturalness of materials, colors, correctness of shapes.