Independent work 1 smart home computer science. Smart home system. "Smart home" - what is it

The relevance of the thesis is setting up a voice interface in the automated Smart Home system is associated with the ability to control all existing engineering systems in the house: power supply, lighting, heating, ventilation, etc. Almost every electronic device, any electronic system and any functions, scenarios and scenes in the house can be controlled by voice control.

The purpose of the thesis is to study in detail the setup of the voice interface, types of qualifications, as well as the creation of a device for a visual aid to the operation of the voice interface in the automated “Smart Home” system.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

conduct a detailed analytical review of the automated Smart Home system

The subject of the study is the analysis of the use and configuration of voice control.

Research methods. Analytical and practical methods were used to study this topic.

The first chapter discusses the classification of voice interface systems in the automated Smart Home system, their advantages and disadvantages, engineering systems, and lighting control systems. Speech synthesis and recognition were also studied in detail. A schematic and functional diagram of the device has been developed.

The second chapter describes safety measures for the maintenance of computer equipment, equipment requirements for the technician’s workplace and fire safety requirements.

Chapter 1. Technical part. Setting up a voice interface in an automated smart home system

1.1 Analytical review

1.1.1 Automated “Smart Home” system

Imagine the picture: you enter home, the lights automatically turn on and a pleasant voice greets you. You casually throw a phrase towards the microphone: “Home, turn on my computer.” After a few seconds, you hear the usual rustling of your PC’s coolers.

We have all ever seen similar pictures in foreign science fiction films and dreamed: “Someday this will happen here too.” I hasten to please you - something similar to what you saw can be realized now and without enormous costs.

“A smart home (English: digital home) is a residential automated house of a modern type, organized for the convenience of people’s living with the help of high-tech devices. A “smart home” should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in a building and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. The main feature of an intelligent building is the integration of individual subsystems into a single controlled complex. An important feature and property of the “Smart Home” that distinguishes it from other methods of organizing living space is that it is the most progressive concept of human interaction with living space, when a person sets the desired environment with one command, and automation, in accordance with external and internal conditions, sets and monitors the operating modes of all engineering systems and electrical appliances. In this case, there is no need to use several remote controls when watching TV, dozens of switches when controlling lighting, separate units when controlling ventilation and heating systems, video surveillance and alarm systems, gates and other things. In a house equipped with a Smart Home system, it is enough to select one of the scenarios with one click on a wall key (or remote control, touch panel, etc.). The house itself will adjust the operation of all systems in accordance with your wishes, time of day, your position in the house, weather, external lighting, etc. to ensure a comfortable state inside the house.

Regardless of the application, be it a building, an assembly shop or a subway train, the goals of implementing such systems are to reduce operating costs, provide critical information, and improve safety and comfort. To understand how much automation capabilities have changed in recent years and how they will continue to change, it is important to understand the significance of some of the technological breakthroughs that have occurred in recent years. Developers do not stand still. How far they will go in just a few years can only be predicted by looking back.

Networks of minicomputers and then cheap personal computers, which were nevertheless capable of solving quite complex professional problems, were widely developed. True, there were many serious obstacles on the path of technological progress. Not only were automation systems for various purposes autonomous, but also systems from different manufacturers with similar control functions were, as a rule, incompatible with each other. The development companies used their own closed communication protocols and did not provide interfaces for interaction with systems from other manufacturers. Being the property of separate companies, the respective automation products and technologies were difficult to integrate with each other. Solving this problem required expensive technical solutions associated with writing a new software, changes in network topology and purchase of additional components.

Thus, at a certain point, objective prerequisites for the successful implementation of new approaches in the field of automation developed in the market.

As a comprehensive solution to the problem, Intelligence Buildings (intelligent buildings) first appeared, the basis of which was structured cable networks. The system made it possible to switch and use the same cable for the needs of a PBX, computer network, security system, etc. Then multiplexing systems for communication channels began to appear, allowing various information to be transmitted simultaneously over one cable. Rapidly developing computer science made it possible to speed up this work when it became clear to everyone that any design for a building’s cable system would become obsolete by the time construction was completed.

Since the development of this area seemed more than extremely profitable, considerable funds were spent on it, and as a result, the idea of a “Smart Home” appeared. A typical example of such a building is shown in Fig. 1.

A “smart home” is a complex of electronics that operates inside or outside the house and performs centralized control of all (or almost all) engineering systems. Engineering systems mean all the technical equipment of the house (from sewerage to audio-video equipment). Idea " smart home"is that a single complex of electronics coordinately controls the operation of all engineering support of the house.

It is very important that the algorithms for interaction of subsystems in the house are flexible and can adapt to the changing needs of the home owner. In this thesis, some text fragments are missing or replaced with text that does not correspond to the topic of this thesis. Some are missing or mismatched necessary formulas, calculations, charts and tables. To receive the original version of the work, write to the email address indicated at the end of the thesis, in the conclusion. The most important axiom of a “smart home” is that the control system and its engineering subsystems must be built according to the block principle. This means that each subsystem must be able to operate autonomously so that its operation can be debugged and maintained by disconnecting the equipment from central control.

Fig.1. "Smart Home" layout

A “smart home” has a number of advantages: it allows you to save up to 10-18% of electricity, increase comfort and safety, etc.

The operating principle of a “smart” home consists of a central computer that receives signals from command devices, then these signals are transmitted to executive systems. Various devices are controlled by a simple automation system.

The problem of creating a “smart home” was first solved in 1978 by X10 USA and Leviton, which developed technology for controlling household appliances by wire household electrical network. In this thesis, some text fragments are missing or replaced with text that does not correspond to the topic of this thesis. Some necessary formulas, calculations, diagrams and tables are missing or inconsistent. To receive the original version of the work, write to the email address indicated at the end of the thesis, in the conclusion. But this technology was designed for a voltage of 110V and a network frequency of 60 Hz, so it was not widespread in Russia. However, X10 is now considered obsolete, since it was created to control electric lighting devices and supported only six power management commands. This is clearly not enough to create an “intelligent home”. Audio and video equipment require at a minimum commands to change channels, change volume, rewind and control playback; But you also need to manage the HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) system. In search of solutions to this problem, various companies have attempted to develop new data transfer protocols.

Human speech recognition is one of the most complex scientific and technical problems. Currently, the users of computers and facilities equipped with computers are people who are not specialists in the field of programming. The problem of speech control arose, in addition, due to the fact that in some areas of application speech has become the only possible means of communication with technology (in conditions of overload, darkness or sudden changes in illumination, when hands are busy, extreme concentration on an object that does not allow not be distracted for a second, etc.). Although significant progress has been made in this area, recognition systems are still very far from human ones in their capabilities.

The problem of implementing speech dialogue between a person and technical means is an urgent task of modern cybernetics.

The problem of machine speech recognition has attracted the attention of specialists for a very long time. However, it has not yet been possible to move far in this direction. Purely formally, the process of speech recognition can be described in literally a few phrases. The analog signal generated by the microphone is digitized, and then the so-called phonemes are identified in speech, that is, the elementary fragments that make up all spoken words. Then it is determined which word corresponds to which combination of phonemes, and the corresponding dictionary is built. To recognize a word means to find it in this dictionary by the pronounced combination of phonemes. As computer systems develop, it becomes increasingly clear that the use of these systems will greatly expand if it becomes possible to use human speech when working directly with the computer, and in particular it becomes possible to control the machine with a normal voice in real time, as well as input and output information in the form ordinary human speech.

Currently, controlling a robot using voice commands is becoming increasingly important. However, creating software for voice control of an industrial robot involves conducting experiments during program development at all stages of development. Carrying out such experiments, ensuring the elimination of shortcomings and program errors, is economically unprofitable in industrial production conditions and leads to an increase in the cost of software development and debugging. To reduce the cost of creating software, it is advisable to develop a program that will provide three-dimensional modeling of voice control of an industrial robot, which leads to the need to conduct experiments in production conditions only at the last stage of software development.

Smart home (English) Smart House) - a modern residential building, organized for the convenience of people's living with the help of high-tech devices. Electronic household appliances in a smart home can be combined into a home Universal Plug’n’Play network with the ability to connect to public networks. Contents

The concept of a "smart home" was formulated by the Intelligent Building Institute in Washington in the 1970s: "A building that provides productive and efficient use workspace..."

It is worth separating the concepts of “smart home” and “life support systems”. Individual systems only have the necessary control and monitoring interfaces. The concept of an “Intelligent Building Management System” presupposes a new approach to organizing the life support of a building, in which, due to a complex of software and hardware, the operating efficiency and reliability of control of all operating systems and actuators of the building significantly increases.

The main feature of an intelligent building is the integration of individual subsystems various manufacturers into a single managed complex.

A “smart home” should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in a building and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. English word intelligent, literally meaning “reasonable”, “understanding”, in combination with the word building is used to mean “flexible, adaptable”.

“Smart home” in its original sense means “a building ready for change” or “an adaptable (flexible) building”, the engineering systems of which are capable of adapting to possible changes in the future.

The building is designed in such a way that all its control systems can be integrated with each other minimal costs, and their service would be organized in an optimal way. The project necessarily assumes the ability to expand and modify the configurations of installed systems.

Over time, the buildings will acquire " artificial intelligence" Then we can rightfully call them intellectual. The systems will be able to monitor the operation and condition of the entire “filling” of the building, including enclosing structures, and independently make decisions in changing circumstances.

The term “smart home” usually means integration into unified system building management systems of the following:

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system

Security and fire alarm system, access control system to premises, control of water leaks, gas leaks

CCTV system

Communication networks (including telephone and the local network building)

Lighting system

Building power supply system (automatic transfer switch, industrial UPS, diesel generators)

Mechanization of the building (opening/closing gates, barriers, electric heating of steps, etc.)

Control of audio, video equipment, home theater, multiroom from one place

Telemetry - remote monitoring of systems

IP monitoring of an object - remote control of systems over a network

GSM monitoring - remote reporting of incidents in a home (apartment, office, facility) and control of home systems via telephone (in some systems, you can receive voice instructions on planned control actions, as well as voice reports on the results of actions).

Today, technology allows you to build home automation component by component - selecting only those smart home functions that are really needed. The modular structure allows you to create low-cost systems with a 100% guarantee of use.

One of the oldest and most odious projects is Bill Gates' cottage. This project, like a lot of science fiction literature, has given rise to a huge number of myths about the “smart home.” [source not specified 418 days]

In 1995, developers of Java technologies predicted one of the main purposes for this technology to increase intelligence household appliances- for example, the refrigerator itself will order products from the store. This idea has not received industrial distribution, but companies such as Miele and Siemens are already producing household appliances with the possibility of inclusion in a “smart home”. True, these solutions are based on QNX, not Java.

But the function is to turn off all the lights with one button, as well as the ability to turn it on and off from different places, today is actively implemented in almost all home automation projects.

Smart home as home automation is developing not only in Russia. All technologies and systems that are used in Russia are developed and produced in Europe, the USA and China. The main difference seems to be in the purpose and approach of the installers.

In Europe, automation projects for private houses and apartments are prepared by the developer and manufacturer of the systems themselves, while the installer is assigned the role of virtually ordinary, but qualified installers, working strictly according to the scheme.

In Russia, the installer is the most important figure in creating a smart home. As a rule, he works with many manufacturers of automation systems, this allows him to select the most optimal system for solving the automation tasks assigned to him. After that, he himself is engaged in the design, installation, sale and launch of the built smart home.

Technologies

LanDrive is the most accessible platform today for building bus-based distributed control systems for indoor and outdoor lighting, power loads, electrical appliances, as well as systems such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, security alarms, access control and water leaks. It is also possible to control audio and video equipment, home theaters, blinds, roller shutters, curtains, gates, pumps, and motors. Mainly focused on use as part of a “smart home”, but in Lately increasingly used in systems for accounting and saving energy resources, access control, security and fire systems.

LCN is a German automation system for both home and industrial automation. Fully distributed intelligence. The transmission medium used is ordinary electrical wire core cross-section 1.5 or 2.5 mm2. Control of almost any equipment is realized. Optimal price/feature ratio.

iRidium Mobile is a software package for managing smart home systems from mobile devices iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and any devices running Windows XP/7, Windows mobile/Ce.

BPT is a distributed intelligence home automation system using a closed data transfer protocol. The tire used is a standard one. twisted pair UTP. Control of lighting, home automation, air conditioning, heating, engineering and security alarms, and intercom is implemented. The main reasons for choosing this system are: low cost equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

MyHome SCS Integrates via an OpenWebNet gateway with systems from various manufacturers.

EIB (European Installation Bus).

UBI (Universal Bus Interface). This interface provides combined transmission over twisted pair (UTP, FTP) of smart home control signals, Ethernet signals ( computer network, digital video surveillance, digital television and telephony, Internet). Its idea and roots go back to the concept of open systems interaction based on the international multi-level ISO OSI model. In the future, all buildings will become intelligent and will be interconnected. According to most experts [source not specified 418 days], the OSI open systems interaction model is ideal for combining into a single whole the solutions and technologies of various manufacturers of electronic equipment, be it the electronics of a washing machine, home theater, building ventilation system, or passenger car. Already, many manufacturers (for example, Legrand) of equipment for utility networks smart buildings are making considerable efforts to unify cable systems under different technologies And different purposes. The concept of “Optimal Networks” was introduced. [source not specified 418 days] In a properly designed intelligent building, structured cabling systems and building automation equipment are independent of each other. The end user does not need to worry about whether there is a TV or telephone socket in a specific location. Cable systems universal and unified. That is, the purpose for the outlet can be thought of later. You can also then select the final implementation of the automation system (be it EIB, C-BUS, X-10 or anything else). Technologies exist and are becoming widespread for dynamically controlled “switching” of the assignment of connection end points (for example, sockets). In a split second telephone socket turns into television. The user only has to connect the connecting cables to other end equipment (change the telephone patch cord to a television one).

C-Bus (protocol) - protocol for home automation and building automation, sports facilities etc.[unspecified source 324 days] C-Bus is a distributed intelligence system (without a central processor) using Cat.5 cable, the length of which in one segment can be 1000 m. Such segments Up to 255 can be combined into one system. The network uses 36 V alternating current. The C-Bus protocol is used in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East, Russia, the USA, South Africa, the UK and other parts of Europe including Greece, the Baltics, Romania and other countries. In the US, C-Bus is marketed under the "SquareD Clipsal" brand. The C-Bus protocol was created by Clipsal Integrated Systems for use in home automation systems and building lighting control systems.

Helvar - uses the DALI and DSI protocol for lighting control systems.

AMX is a home automation system of the company of the same name. [source not specified 324 days] Centralized. The protocols are closed. Initially, our own data transmission buses were used. The new AMX equipment lines use standard Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Zigbee protocols for transmission. Has gateways for interfacing with other systems (EIB, LON, etc.).

Crestron is a protocol for controlling automation systems and multimedia systems. [source not specified 324 days] Developed by Crestron (USA). The protocol is closed. The main competitor is AMX (USA).

X10 is a protocol for controlling electrical appliances. The signal is transmitted via electrical wires or in the radio range. Disadvantages - low information transfer speed and noise immunity, the problem of false alarms, lack of feedback receiver and transmitter, conflicts between X10 devices are possible different manufacturers and unauthorized access to X10 devices over the electrical network.

Z-wave is a patented wireless communication protocol developed for home automation, in particular for monitoring and control of residential and commercial facilities. The technology uses low-power and miniature radio frequency modules that are embedded in consumer electronics and various devices such as lighting, heating, access control, entertainment systems and home appliances.

LUXOR [source not specified 324 days] - local lighting and climate control system. Use regular electrical cable and switches. The system is manufactured by Theben AG. The protocol is closed. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

Smart Bus[unspecified source 258 days] - a bus developed in Canada. This smart home system is ideal in terms of price-quality ratio.

ONE-NET is an open wireless data network protocol developed for building automation and distributed facility management.

R-BUS is a bus developed jointly by Russian and Chinese enterprises with an open data transfer protocol, designed for automation of large and small structures.

DOMINTELL is a centralized home, office and hotel automation system. Uses RS485 interface for data exchange between modules. There are Ethernet TCP, UDP, RS232, B&O, DMX (light control) gateways. Open system"Light Protocol" control commands. It was developed in 1999 in Belgium.

There are two different principles building similar systems: centralized (for example, IHC from Lexel) and decentralized based on the installation bus (EIB, LonWork, Crastron, etc.)

Smart home functions include

Light control

Light control allows the user to create light scenarios from an unlimited number of light sources with different brightnesses, turn them on simultaneously or with a delay, simulating, for example, the effect of “running lights”.

Using special light dimmers, you can not only change the brightness at which the lamp lights up when turned on, but also the time during which this brightness will be achieved.

The constant light control function is intended mainly for office premises and makes it possible to maintain user-specified illumination work surface no matter whether the sun is shining or the sky is covered with clouds.

Automatic switching on of outdoor lighting depending on the time of day and the presence of people will not only provide additional comfort, but will also scare away uninvited guests.

Microclimate control

The system constantly measures the temperature individually in each room and maintains it at the level you set, directly controlling the radiator valves or air conditioning dampers, and, if necessary, automatically turning the ventilation on or off.

Every day, EIB helps you save money thanks to various system operating modes: comfort mode, night mode, “no one in the house” mode. Modes change according to a schedule or at the user’s command. You only need to set the room temperature on the touch panel display once for each mode.

The heating/air conditioning system will turn off automatically to save energy if the room's windows are opened for ventilation (a signal for this will be sent by the frame contact).

IN summer time their slats automatically rotate at a certain angle and prevent excess from entering the room sunlight without reducing the luminous flux. Thus, they prevent the room from heating up and help save energy consumed by the air conditioner.

A smart home keeps a record of all the events that happened in it during your absence: who came and when, how long they stayed in the house, what suspicious individuals hovered around it for a long time. Their faces and actions are recorded in his memory.

Uninvited guests will face unpleasant surprises in the form of blinding lights and a sound siren. In addition, the user will be notified by phone about their entry into the House and the security will be called.

Emergency situations.

Whenever emergency situations(for example, water leaks) The house will not only inform the user and the relevant service, but will also take the necessary measures to localize the accident (stop the water supply).

Presence effect

In the absence of the user, the House can imitate the usual lifestyle of the owners, turning on lights and music in the evenings, thereby creating the effect of presence.

As a conclusion, I would like to note that the Smart Home system is a comprehensive home automation system using a huge number of functions. The system is relatively popular in all countries of the world. The system includes control functions for such systems as lighting, ventilation, security system, fire safety, water leakage protection system, heating system, etc. The system works thanks to platforms for building bus distributed control systems for the above systems, such as LanDrive, LCN, iRidium Mobile, BPT, MyHome SCS, EIB.

Guidelines for implementation independent work № 1.

Subject: Smart House

Target: learn independently, work with the proposed material, learn to systematize and summarize information on a topic, draw up a supporting summary of the studied material

Number of hours: 2

Type of work: studying the topic, developing a summary on the topic of independent work

Questions (tasks):

General information

Unified building management system

Technologies.

Smart home functions

Make notes on the issues studied, write them down on A4 paper in handwritten form and submit them for verification.

Smart House (English: Smart House) is a modern residential building, organized for the convenience of people’s living with the help of high-tech devices. Electronic household appliances in a smart home can be combined into a home Universal Plug’n’Play network with the ability to connect to public networks.

The concept of a “smart home” was formulated by the Intelligent Building Institute in Washington in the 1970s: “A building that provides productive and efficient use of work space...”

The main feature of an intelligent building is the integration of individual subsystems from various manufacturers into a single controlled complex.

A “smart home” should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in a building and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. The English word intelligent, literally meaning “reasonable”, “understanding”, in combination with the word building is used to mean “flexible, adaptable”.

The building is designed in such a way that all its control systems can be integrated with each other at minimal cost, and their maintenance can be organized in an optimal way. The project necessarily assumes the ability to expand and modify the configurations of installed systems.

Over time, buildings will gain “artificial intelligence.” Then we can rightfully call them intellectual. The systems will be able to monitor the operation and condition of the entire “filling” of the building, including enclosing structures, and independently make decisions in changing circumstances.

The term “smart home” usually means integration into unified building management system the following systems:

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system

Security and fire alarm system, access control system to premises, control of water leaks, gas leaks

CCTV system

Communication networks (including telephone and building LAN)

Lighting system

Building power supply system (automatic transfer switch, industrial UPS, diesel generators)

Mechanization of the building (opening/closing gates, barriers, electric heating of steps, etc.)

Control of audio, video equipment, home theater, multiroom from one place

Telemetry - remote monitoring of systems

IP monitoring of an object - remote control of systems over a network

One of the oldest and most odious projects is Bill Gates' cottage. This project, like a lot of science fiction literature, has given rise to a huge number of myths about the “smart home”.

In 1995, developers of Java technologies predicted that one of the main purposes for this technology would be to increase the intelligence of household appliances - for example, the refrigerator itself would order groceries from the store. This idea has not received industrial distribution, but companies such as Miele and Siemens are already producing household appliances with the ability to be included in a “smart home”. True, these solutions are based on QNX, not Java.

But the function of turning off all the lights with one button, as well as the ability to turn them on and off from different places, is now actively implemented in almost all home automation projects.

Technologies

LanDrive is the most accessible platform today for building bus-based distributed control systems for indoor and outdoor lighting, power loads, electrical appliances, as well as systems such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, security alarms, access control and water leaks. It is also possible to control audio and video equipment, home theaters, blinds, roller shutters, curtains, gates, pumps, and motors. It is mainly focused on use as part of a “smart home”, but recently it is increasingly used in systems for accounting and saving energy resources, access control, and security and fire systems.

LCN is a German automation system for both home and industrial automation. Fully distributed intelligence. The transmission medium is a regular electrical wire with a core cross section of 1.5 or 2.5 mm2. Control of almost any equipment is realized. Optimal price/feature ratio.

iRidium Mobile is a software package for managing smart home systems from mobile devices iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and any devices running Windows XP/7, Windows mobile/Ce.

BPT is a distributed intelligence home automation system using a closed data transfer protocol. The bus uses standard UTP twisted pair cable. Control of lighting, home automation, air conditioning, heating, engineering and security alarms, and intercom is implemented. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

MyHome SCS Integrates via an OpenWebNet gateway with systems from various manufacturers.

EIB (European Installation Bus).

In a properly designed smart building, structured cabling systems and building automation equipment are independent of each other. The end user does not need to worry about whether there is a TV or telephone socket in a specific location. Cable systems are universal and unified. That is, the purpose for the outlet can be thought of later. You can also then select the final implementation of the automation system (be it EIB, C-BUS, X-10 or anything else). Technologies exist and are becoming widespread for dynamically controlled “switching” of the assignment of connection end points (for example, sockets). In a split second, a telephone socket turns into a television socket. The user only has to connect the connecting cables to other end equipment (change the telephone patch cord to a television one).

C-Bus (protocol) - a protocol for home automation, as well as automation of buildings, sports facilities, etc. [source not specified 324 days] C-Bus is a distributed intelligence system (without a central processor) using a 5- cable category (Cat.5), the length of which in one segment can be 1000 m. Up to 255 such segments can be combined into one system. The network uses 36 V AC. The C-Bus protocol is used in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East, Russia, the USA, South Africa, the UK and other parts of Europe including Greece, the Baltics, Romania and other countries. In the US, C-Bus is marketed under the "SquareD Clipsal" brand. The C-Bus protocol was created by Clipsal Integrated Systems for use in home automation systems and building lighting control systems.

Helvar - uses the DALI and DSI protocol for lighting control systems.

AMX is a centralized home automation system of the company of the same name. The protocols are closed. Initially, our own data transmission buses were used. The new AMX equipment lines use standard Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Zigbee protocols for transmission. Has gateways for interfacing with other systems (EIB, LON, etc.).

X10 is a protocol for controlling electrical appliances. The signal is transmitted through electrical wires or in the radio range. Disadvantages - low information transfer speed and noise immunity, the problem of false alarms, lack of feedback from the receiver to the transmitter, possible conflicts between X10 devices from different manufacturers and unauthorized access to X10 devices over the power network.

Z-wave is a patented wireless communication protocol developed for home automation, in particular for monitoring and control of residential and commercial sites. The technology uses low-power and miniature radio frequency modules that are embedded in consumer electronics and various devices such as lighting, heating, access control, entertainment systems and home appliances.

LUXOR - local lighting and climate control system. Uses regular electrical cable and switches. The system is manufactured by Theben AG. The protocol is closed. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.

Smart Bus is a bus developed in Canada. This smart home system is ideal in terms of price-quality ratio.

ONE-NET is an open wireless data network protocol developed for building automation and distributed facility management.

R-BUS is a bus developed jointly by Russian and Chinese enterprises with an open data transfer protocol, designed for automation of large and small structures.

DOMINTELL is a centralized home, office and hotel automation system. Uses RS485 interface for data exchange between modules. There are Ethernet TCP, UDP, RS232, B&O, DMX (light control) gateways. Open system of control commands "Light Protocol". It was developed in 1999 in Belgium.

There are two different principles for constructing such systems: centralized (for example, IHC from Lexel) and decentralized based on the installation bus (EIB, LonWork, Crastron, etc.)

Smart home functions include

Light control

Using special light dimmers, you can not only change the brightness at which the lamp lights up when turned on, but also the time during which this brightness will be achieved.

The constant light control function is intended mainly for office premises and makes it possible to maintain the user-specified illumination of the working surface, regardless of whether the sun is shining or the sky is covered with clouds.

Automatic switching on of outdoor lighting depending on the time of day and the presence of people will not only provide additional comfort, but will also scare away uninvited guests.

Microclimate control

The heating/air conditioning system will turn off automatically to save energy if the room's windows are opened for ventilation (a signal for this will be sent by the frame contact).

In the summer, their slats automatically rotate at a certain angle and prevent excess sunlight from entering the room without reducing the luminous flux. Thus, they prevent the room from heating up and help save energy consumed by the air conditioner.

Emergency situations.

In the event of an emergency (for example, a water leak), the House will not only inform the user and the relevant service, but will also take the necessary measures to localize the accident (stop the water supply).

Presence effect

In the absence of the user, the House can imitate the usual lifestyle of the owners, turning on lights and music in the evenings, thereby creating the effect of presence.

As a conclusion, I would like to note that the Smart Home system is a comprehensive home automation system using a huge number of functions. The system is relatively popular in all countries of the world. The system includes control functions for such systems as lighting, ventilation, security system, fire safety system, water leakage protection system, heating system, etc. The system works thanks to platforms for building bus distributed control systems for the above systems, such as LanDrive, LCN, iRidium Mobile, BPT, MyHome SCS, EIB.

Questions for self-control:

What is meant by the term “Smart Home”?

What systems go into a unified building management system?

What types of technologies do you know?

What smart home functions do you know?

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ , Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

http://www.bestreferat.ru/referat-236613.html Bank of abstracts

Projects of "smart" houses involve residential buildings, which are equipped with high-tech devices and automation.

general description

The above expression should be understood as a system that ensures resource conservation and safety, as well as comfort for each user. At its simplest, it has the ability to recognize certain situations that occur in the home and also respond to them accordingly. Thus, one of the systems is able to control the behavior of others according to developed algorithms. This is easier to understand if you can imagine that the heating system is not functioning against the air conditioning system. Heating of the house is carried out according to the weather and taking into account many other factors. Among the latter, we can highlight wind strength and time of day. For example, at night the most comfortable temperature is lower than during the day. This concept can be called the most progressive in human interaction with living space. Smart home projects eliminate the need to use several remote controls, switches and separate control units at once. This applies to watching television programs, controlling lighting, as well as systems burglar alarm and video surveillance.

Technologies

Smart home projects can be created based on several or one protocol/platform. With their help, the subsystems of the house are connected into a single network. LanDrive, for example, is today's most accessible platform for bus-based distributed control systems, which include street and indoor lighting, electrical appliances, power loads, air conditioning, access control, and water leaks. Among other things, it is possible to control video and audio equipment, roller shutters, pumps, home theaters, blinds, curtains and motors. Most often, such a system is used as part of a smart home, but recently it can increasingly be found as part of a system for saving and accounting for energy resources, access control for fire and security systems.

TELETASK is a protocol/bus that is intended for home automation of premises and buildings where the owner stays for quite a long time. This includes hotels, cottages, offices and apartments. The X10 control protocol is designed to automate the control of electrical appliances. The signal is supplied via wires or radio. Among the disadvantages are low speed transmission of information, the possibility of a false alarm problem, as well as a lack of feedback. 1-Wire is a technology that allows you to connect devices and sensors into a single network, which are controlled using a personal computer. To transmit information in this network, one wire is used. This technology is characterized by ease of installation and low cost.

Air conditioning and heating system

Smart home projects require air conditioning, heating and ventilation systems. Using this technology, it is possible to ensure a constant temperature, intensity of fresh air supply and a given level of humidity. Among other things, the technology can save energy through the economical use of internal temperature. There may be mechanisms to automatically close and open windows to allow warm and cold air to flow in at certain times of the day. Control occurs through the air conditioning network.

Lighting system

Considering the objectives of the Smart Home project, we can highlight the highest degree of comfort for human living. Other technologies include a lighting system that controls the level of light. This technology It is also used to save energy. This effect can be achieved through the use of subsystems that include automation for turning off and turning on the lights at certain periods of the day, motion sensors, automation for closing the opening of shutters, as well as adjusting the transparency of special glasses.

Power supply system

The goal of the Smart Home project, in addition to the above-mentioned tasks, is also to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the electricity system. This is achieved by switching to alternative sources. Among the subsystems we can distinguish industrial UPSs, as well as diesel generators.

Safety system

This includes access control to the building, video surveillance, monitoring systems using remote control, fire and security alarm. The system provides protection against leaks, the occurrence of which blocks the water supply when the room is flooded. Carrying out installation work assumes the presence of special sensors and taps that are capable of detecting problematic situations. The owner can use a remote information system about the situation in the house, facility or apartment. Control can be done using your phone.

Entrance to the house

A finished smart home project must necessarily involve a meeting with the owner using appropriate technologies. Therefore, lighting must be activated above the gate or front door. Control can be carried out using motion sensors and radio key fobs. Last option allows you to turn on the lighting before the car arrives.

Courtyard

When a project is drawn up using Smart Home technology, a plan of the yard area is created. Control can be carried out in three ways at once, namely: using sensors, according to a schedule or using switches. There is a need to add the ability to control the alarm. A smart home has the ability to indicate lighting groups and the time of their use. For example, until 23:00, if motion is detected, the system can turn on the main lighting at full brightness. Whereas after the specified time the intensity can be reduced by 50%. If the owner arrived after 24:00, then only the paths in the yard can light up.

entrance to the house

When drawing up a “Smart Home” project (class 7 complexity), you can take into account the presence of a controller, which can be in one or several copies. It is necessary to process information coming from the intercom screen. You can talk to a person on any phone, since each device is connected to a micro-MTS. If no one is home, the guest's image will be immediately sent to email, after which the owner can decide whether to let the visitor inside or ignore him. The alarm will be turned off by dialing secret code by phone.

Hallway

If you are considering a project on the topic “Smart Home”, then you cannot help but pay attention to the system in this part of the house that turns on automatically at night. The technology saves the owner from the need to use various kinds of buttons. You can find all kinds of automation devices on sale; they will allow you to analyze from which room and at what time a person entered the hallway. At the same time, the light turns on to the required brightness level. Smooth switching does not lead to frequent lamp burnouts, extending their service life. Such systems are most often installed in walk-through areas or rooms that are rarely used. Functional and creative project“Smart home” provides for the presence in the hallway useful device, which is responsible for turning off all the lighting of the building by pressing just one button. Once it is activated, you will not have to walk around the entire area to check the light. Among other things, pressing this button can turn off some sockets to which fire-hazardous devices such as irons are most often connected.

Living room

The creative project “Smart Home” guarantees a comfortable stay in the most important room of the building. We are talking about a living room, which should have a lot of light. A home theater is often installed here. Here, up to 10 lighting groups are most often installed. It is advisable to place those responsible for a specific light scene next to the light switches. As an example, consider a pre-recorded sequence of actions called a macro. If the family decides to watch a movie, then to do this they will need to sit on the sofa and press just one button. At the same time, the curtains are closed, certain groups of light are dimmed, and the rest are completely taken out of action. The first two minutes the backlight operates at 50%, while after this time it goes out completely. When a creative project “Smart Home” (7th grade) is drawn up, the technology of which may involve the presence of all the systems described above, programming is provided using a remote control. Through of this instrument it is possible to control all equipment.

Bedroom

This room should be one of the most comfortable. However, automation has its place here too. Sometimes the owner goes to bed to read a book, but after a while he realizes that there is a need to turn off the lights and also dim them in other rooms. Such raids before bed cannot be called pleasant, but you still have to do them. With the Smart Home system, you can forget about this, since the bedroom most often has a button that turns off all other lighting in the house. To do this, you can use a radio switch, which is mounted on the wall and has a thickness of 7 millimeters. This element can be fixed to any surface, including the headboard. Using this switch you can control the curtains and lighting of the room itself.

It is advisable to install another automation system in the bedroom, which will be responsible for the temperature. During sleep, experts recommend maintaining its level between 14 and 18 degrees. In the morning, when the indoor climate is cool, you don’t want to get out from under the blanket. The Smart Home system can solve this problem. After lights out, the thermometer gradually reaches the required level, and closer to waking up it rises to a comfortable level during daytime wakefulness. In the summer, the air conditioner will be responsible for this, while in the winter, the solenoid valve will be responsible. It adjusts the coolant flow in heating system. When a creative project “Smart Home” (7th grade) is drawn up, the technology of which may include the presence of all the systems described in the article, the bedroom is most often equipped with a special touch panel responsible for lighting. It can also be used as an alarm clock. On the panel, the rise time can be set to 8:30, for example. At 8:15 a.m., the main lighting in the bedroom can be turned on at 30% of its normal brightness level. At 8:30 the lighting reaches 100% brightness and the curtains can open automatically at the same time.

Bathroom

If you are considering a project on the topic: “Smart Home” (7th class of complexity), then you need to take care of a technological bathroom. With this system it will be convenient to manage warm floors. Quite often, consumers wonder why they need to control this system if it has its own temperature controller. This question can be answered by citing a fact that indicates the high energy consumption of heated floors. Most time the system is not used, and if you turn it off at night, the savings will be significant. "Smart" home without outside help will automatically turn the system off and on. It can be set to daily automatic adjustment. You can turn on such floors even on the phone while sitting in the office, or on the way home from the car. It is especially convenient if the floors are controlled together with the alarm clock. For example, turning off can be done at 23:00, and turning on an hour before waking up.

Conclusion

If you decide to choose a “Smart Home” project for your home, you will not be afraid of a problematic situation. If necessary, the technology of the system will allow you to turn off the water supply, gas supply, as well as electricity, which is very convenient for ensuring safety. Little by little, these systems are partly entering our lives. For example, many private homes have already installed modern lighting systems that operate using motion sensors.

Practical work No. 1

Topic: “Smart Home System”

Goal of the work: learn explain and apply concepts, theories and prospects for the development of a smart home system; analyze the possibilities and prospects for the development of means of providing control and management of the “smart home” system; competently use the acquired knowledge to design smart home systems

Progress:

Task No. 1 Familiarize yourself with the basic concepts of the “smart home” system and fill out the table.

In modern intelligent buildings, automation and building management systems occupy a key place, ensuring the interconnection of all engineering equipment and building systems. A “Smart Home” should be understood as housing that is automated for the convenience and comfort of people using high-tech devices. Such a system is able to recognize specific situations occurring in the room and automatically respond to them, and all control elements are connected to each other and work in a single complex.

According to the MiDart agency, in “intelligent buildings” operating costs are reduced by 30%, payments for electricity are also reduced by 30%, for water - by 41%, for heat - by 50%, and the reduction in insurance risks reaches 60%. Obviously, this is an opportunity to achieve not only the highest degree of comfort and safety for a person living in a Smart Home, but also savings natural resources and costs.

The advantages of a “Smart Home” primarily include: 1. Comfort - this means that such technology is aimed at freeing the residents of the house from daily “communication” with various systems engineering communications. Basically, she controls various devices herself, taking into account the characteristics of each of them. If human intervention is necessary, the computer program will report this. And then, in most cases, such intervention is limited to pressing a few buttons on a special control panel.

2. Security. Modern housing today is almost always equipped with fire safety systems, burglar alarms, technical alarms and video surveillance. And all these systems are integrated into the Smart Home control technology;

3. Savings - “Smart Home” allows you to reduce the cost of electrical and thermal energy, by regulating lighting and climate in rooms not in use at a particular moment. A special place is occupied by the security system of Smart Home class buildings. An integrated security system will significantly reduce, and sometimes eliminate, the possibility of dangerous situations occurring at any facility: in an apartment, cottage, office, business center, shopping and entertainment center, store, warehouse, hotel, museum, theater, industrial enterprise and other facilities of any kind. degree of difficulty.

Fires, malfunctions in water supply systems and imperfect security systems cause serious material losses. At the same time, the economic growth recent years, leads from an excess of electricity in the past to its shortage in the future, which, in turn, creates the preconditions for the wider introduction of energy-saving technologies and control algorithms, which are, first of all, provided by building automation systems. The use of this system in Europe, the USA, and many Asian countries has long been a standard for equipping new buildings; the standard capabilities of such systems are included in almost every project. The popularity of “Smart Home” in Russia is still low.

The main reasons are: misperception of the very concept of “Smart Home”, as well as a negative attitude towards this topic caused by the poor quality work of some installation companies at the formation stage Russian market home automation systems;

The lack of experience of installation companies contributed to the fact that company representatives often made obviously impossible promises, and as a result, the implemented systems differed greatly from the customer’s expectations.

the perception of the concept of “Smart Home” is very narrow - as a set of presence or motion sensors, with the help of which the lights will turn on and off automatically or with a clap;

low quality of supplied electrical energy.

Table 1 – Basic concepts of the Smart Home system

Conclusion:

Task No. 2 Using the data presented in the task, describe the project of your “Smart Home” in which you will provide elements of the “Smart Home” system for the premises of your apartment (house). The project must be presented in the form of a diagram (Figure 1).

One of the most popular ways to implement the concept of an intelligent building is KNX technology (expand). The essence of its work is that subscribers (devices) connected to the network can exchange information through a common information bus. On this moment KNX is an open global standard supported by more than 300 manufacturers worldwide. This technology represents a logical development of the requirements for building engineering systems.

In order to turn ordinary house in an intelligent one, in accordance with KNX technology the following elements will be required: -Sensors (sensors and controls) – wall panels and switches, sensors physical quantities(temperature, humidity, etc.),thermostats, motion and presence sensors, timers . They are responsible for recording certain external events, the occurrence of which should cause a certain response from the system. For example, a sensor detects an increase in temperature and sends a control command over the network to turn on the air conditioner; -

Actuators (activators) – lighting controllers (dimmers), relay modules, blinds controls, heating radiators, etc. They change their state (on/off, open/closed) in accordance with commands coming from sensors, thereby controlling various electrical equipment; - System devices - power supplies, controllers, interface and logical modules, bus connections, etc. They are installed in a separate electrical cabinet and ensure the possibility of constructing and operating the KNX network as a whole.

Comfortable indoor microclimate - This is a balanced ratio of temperature and air humidity. The technical means with which this can be achieved are widely available today, and the task of the Smart Home is to synchronize their operation and, in each specific case, select the optimal scenario for turning on/off devices.

The Smart Home system control panel easily solves the problem of creating different lighting scenes, since it combines several programmable switches and the necessary sensors (automatic lighting control) in one elegant modular element.

Designing a “Smart Home” is one of the most important stages. As a rule, the cost of project development does not exceed 10% of the cost of the equipment itself

- security systems. They are the ones who determine the high degree of protection for the health, life and property of Smart Home owners. This involves the installation of numerous sensors and video surveillance that will monitor the territory of the entire residential complex and the integrity of utilities.

- household complexes. For example, internal (“Warm floor”) and external (anti-icing) heating, power supply and lightning protection. Systems that provide a comfortable microclimate in the house, uninterruptible power supply and equipment integrity.

UD is designed to make people’s lives as comfortable as possible through the use of modern high-tech tools. The main subsystems of a smart home include: climate control, lighting, multimedia (audio and video), security systems, intercom, and others (Figure 1).

Figure 1 – Structure of a smart home

Control questions:

1. Main components of a Smart Home.

2. What is the fundamental difference between a Smart Home?

3. Is Smart Home technology economical? Give reasons for your answer.