Formation of creative thinking. Exercises to develop creative thinking

As we have already said, creative thinking is the ability, by combining heterogeneous elements, to create something new (knowledge, forms, solutions) that has a significant socio-economic effect.

Creativity in the modern world

Modern society is involved in the processes of market globalization and increased competition. You need to quickly respond to changes, apply non-standard solutions, generate new original ideas. Society needs unusual solutions familiar problems, in new approaches to solving known and seemingly studied problems, as well as in new ways of behavior in typical situations. Most professions in modern world need creativity, activation creativity. Creative thinking is manifested in the modern socio-economic system in a variety of ways. different forms Oh. This and scientific discoveries, and entrepreneurship, and technical inventions, and the creation of works of art, and relationships with people, and public administration.

Development of creative thinking

The author of the bestseller “The Birth of a New Idea,” American researcher E. De Bono, successfully worked on the problem of developing creative thinking. He developed a comprehensive program for the development of creative thinking and identified the following basic principles:

1. Determination of the conditions for solving the problem, necessary and sufficient to achieve the goal.

2. Willingness to abandon previously gained experience in solving similar problems.

3. Improving the ability to notice multifunctional, universal things.

4.Combining a variety of different, even opposing ideas from a variety of fields of knowledge and using the resulting associations to solve problems.

5. Improving the ability to understand the prevailing idea in a given field of knowledge in order not to fall under its influence.

The formation of creative thinking presupposes, firstly, the unity of logic and thinking; secondly, the unity of positivity, harmony and productivity. Third necessary component is the joy of self-development.

We can identify a number of skills without which one cannot achieve success in the modern world, but which, fortunately, can be developed in oneself. They can be learned:

- Ability to think logically.

- Ability to formulate assumptions.

— The ability to find logical connections between phenomena, objects, facts.

— Ability to overcome stereotypes.

— Ability to make decisions in atypical, new situations.

— Ability to find the necessary knowledge and suitable methods.

Amaystyle T.M. identified three main elements of creativity:

Competence (availability of knowledge base, experience, skills);

Creative thinking (use of creative thinking methods, ingenuity, flexibility, perseverance;

Motivation (internal and external). Intrinsic motivation is personal interest in solving a problem, a persistent desire to apply knowledge, and self-realization. External motivation - career advancement, financial interest.

Technologies and techniques of creative thinking

Exist different technologies creative thinking that allows you to effectively generate ideas. Let's look at some of them:

1. “Six Thinking Hats” by Edward de Bono (you can read more about it and other techniques

This technology of creative thinking is good, for example, when conducting any discussion. It is ideal for group work, but also suitable for individual use. This technique helps control thinking and switch it. Bright colors hats make each of them distinguishable, noticeable, and help give thoughts the right direction. The technique of putting on a hat for “mental digestion” helps to find inner peace and unhindered concentration on solving a problem: after all, putting on and taking off a hat is not a problem. Such a technique as putting on hats different color, each of which corresponds to a certain angle of view, helps to get away from unnecessary disputes and negative emotions, and to reach agreement. Parallel thinking structures the decision process. This technology of creative thinking develops, regardless of the age of the participants, tolerance, critical thinking, creative thinking.

2. Brainstorming. You can read more about this technology of creative thinking

This technique allows for the collective discovery of new ideas. Its goal is to obtain the maximum number of different ideas. The generation of ideas and their criticism are divided in time, and the participants in the creative process are divided into idea generators and critics. Voiced ideas are developed through the use of associations and are transformed and modified. Varieties of this creative thinking technology are “Pirate Meeting”, “Shadow Brainstorming”, “Reverse Brainstorming”.

3. “Method of focal objects”

In this technology, new ideas allow us to find a method of attaching signs or properties of randomly selected objects to a given object. Unusual, unusual combinations are obtained through the use of free associations. This method is known as the TRIZ tool (the theory of inventive problem solving).

4. "Synectics"

The main technique of creative thinking in this technique is the construction of analogies. Analogies evoke associations, which in turn stimulate creativity.

At the 1st stage of this technology of creative thinking, analogies serve to clearly define and understand the essence of the problem by participants. Obvious solutions should be consciously abandoned. During the subsequent specially organized discussion, the main contradictions and difficulties that hinder the solution are identified. New formulations of the task are determined and goals are set. After this, with the help of questions that evoke analogies, a process of searching for new ideas and solutions occurs. If there is a need for repeated discussion and development of ideas, then the problem is returned to again.

5. “Method of garlands of associations”

The main technique of creative thinking in this technology is a combination of several stages of working with random words and associations:

1). Constructing chains of object synonyms.

2). Random choice of words (nouns in the nominative case).

3). Combining each element from the synonym garland with each of the random words.

4). Selection of several adjectives for each of the elements of a random choice of words (see 2)). This is how garlands of features are obtained.

5). A combination of elements of garlands of synonyms and garlands of signs. Already at this stage, interesting ideas for solving a creative problem may be born.

6). Free associations are selected for each element of the garland of attributes. There should be as many garlands of free associations as there are elements in the garland of attributes. The tool for forming garlands of free associations is the question “what does the word... remind us of?” In this case, each answer becomes the starting point for the next question. For example: “What does the word blue remind you of?” - “About heaven.” - “What does the word sky remind you of?” - “About the plane.” “What does the word airplane remind you of?” - “About wings.” Thus, the words sky, airplane, wings, ... will appear in the garland.

8). Analyzing the ideas received and making a decision to continue or stop the search. If the search needs to be continued, then the initial free associations are combined with secondary garlands, and their elements are combined with elements of the garland of synonyms. As a result, new ideas may arise.

9). Ideas are divided into rational, interesting and unsuitable. Interesting (that is, good, but with shortcomings) are subsequently again divided into rational and unsuitable.

8. “Little Men Method”

One of the technologies of creative thinking is the “little men method”. There are problematic situations in which part of the object cannot fulfill the requirements of the task. In this case, such a creative thinking technique as breaking the problem into many “tiny people” can help. To do this, they single out that part that does not obey the conditions of the task, cannot fulfill them, and represents it in the form of little men. The next stage is dividing the little men into groups that act according to the conditions of the group’s task. The resulting model is then examined and rebuilt so that the conflicting actions can be performed. In other words, if the perceived problem as a whole seems insoluble, then when it is divided into its component parts, it may turn out that these parts can be regrouped and then combined in any order. As a result, either the problem will become solvable in a new way, or a A New Look on it, or some ideas can be modified in some direction to obtain a solution. It is advisable to move the elements obtained by division and combine them with each other in various combinations. Just remember that the combination of elements is not a monolithic system.

9. “Test question method”

The main technique of creative thinking in this technology is the use of correctly posed leading questions that will help direct the train of thought in such a way as to better understand the essence of the problem, conditions, and solutions. This will help overcome psychological inertia.

10). "Morphological analysis"

The main technique of this method is the use of special tables, which show all the main components of the object of interest. The method allows you to streamline the analysis process different options solving the problem at hand, it helps not to lose sight of any successful solution option that has not been noticed before.

eleven). There are also methods for breaking stereotypes and other technologies of creative thinking, which use a variety of techniques that stimulate going beyond templates and help creatively solve the most difficult problems. different tasks in various areas of our life.

Creativity and Creativity

Creative thinking is often also called creative, but creativity and creativity are not the same thing. For better understanding processes, it makes sense to clarify the wording: creativity is always the creation of something new through insight: obtaining some product of mental activity, in which the emotional and personal qualities of the creator are manifested. Many researchers call creative action uncontrollable, an unconscious act, or unstimulated brain activity, which manifests itself in the desire to get out of the “comfort zone” (Bogoyavlensky D. B.). The act of creativity is characterized by suddenness, spontaneity, which... Knitted with external circumstances and personal experiences.

Creativity is the ability to create, which is inherent in the readiness to be born unusual ideas and problem solving, while going beyond generally accepted schemes. Creativity is one of the independent factors of giftedness. Creative thinking relies on the art of invention and discovery in different areas knowledge. It breaks stereotypes, boldly combines the incongruous, relies on algorithms and on this basis creates something completely new or solves seemingly unsolvable problems. Without creativity, creativity is impossible. Creativity can be called a technology for organizing the creative process. Creativity can get ahead creative process, giving him direction, but does not always accompany him.

Thus, creativity is one of the features of creative thinking. Creativity is always primary, but creativity allows you to achieve a specific goal. A major component of the creative thinking process is some pragmatism. This means understanding already at initial stage a specific goal (why you need to create this), purpose (for whom it is needed), a solution path (how to do it), and, in fact, the subject (what is needed for this).

If creativity plays a decisive role in the generation process creative ideas, then their perception and embodiment depend on cognitive abilities. Thanks to the plasticity of the brain, we can develop our cognitive abilities, train and improve memory and attention, perception and thinking. This may help good help regular classes at .

We sincerely wish you creative discoveries and good luck and, of course, success in self-development.

Today, the most creative and caring people succeed in the social sphere, economics, education and industry. Logical thinking necessary, but it alone is no longer enough. Organizations are looking for employees who can find innovative solutions. Fortunately, anyone can develop creativity. How exactly? Read about it in our news"Flexible Mind" . And now - some tips and exercises from it.

"Free" your thoughts

When solving problems, we rely on past experience, what happened before or what we once dealt with. Unconsciously we ask ourselves: what have I learned in life? After that, we select the most promising approach and reject the rest.

This kind of thinking is inflexible and produces standard and unoriginal ideas. The solutions found with its help exactly repeat our past experience or - at least - are superficially similar to it.

With a creative approach, we do not rush to a problem, armed with past experience, but ask the question: how many points of view are there on it, how many ways are there to rethink it and solve it? The goal is to come up with as many answers as possible, including non-standard ones.

One of the forms of creative thinking - conceptual mixing - allows you to make associations between different topics. Children are real experts at this. Their thoughts are like water: just as pure, fluid and comprehensive. Everything is mixed and combined, many connections are created. That's why children create spontaneously.

At school we are taught to define, differentiate, separate and categorize. In later life, these categories remain separated and do not touch. The child’s “liquid” thinking seems to freeze in an ice tray, where each cell is a category. This is why many people find it so difficult to use their imagination and creativity.

For new opportunities you need to “free” your thoughts. Fortunately, our brains are capable of learning and changing until we die. This means that we can increase our creativity if we practice.

Warm-up for the brain: creating associations

Choose four words at random.Come up with a criterion by which one will become redundant.For example: dog, cloud, water and door.

Criterion 1: The dog, water and door can be in the house, but the cloud cannot.

Criterion 2: The words “dog”, “water” and “cloud” have an “o”, but the word “door” does not. And so on…

Additional techniques:

Randomly select six words and divide them into two groups of three words. Each group must have its own selection principle.

Make two lists (A and B) of four words each. Come up with a criterion by which a word from list A is associated with a word from list B.

Make a list of five words chosen at random. Choose one of the five words and find the principles by which it can be connected with the other four.

- Choose any two words. Use these two words to create a murder scene. Add three more words chosen at random. Each of them should become evidence. Using this evidence, come up with the circumstances of the murder and the suspect.

Select four words at random. Using these exact words (not derivatives or associations), come up with a newspaper headline. Write an abstract for this article.

Formulate the problem

What is the essence of your creative task? Can you describe it in one six word phrase? “To do what no one else has been able to do”, “Customers who happily use my product”, “Pass all exams in this session”, “Remain a satisfied bachelor for as long as possible”, etc.

Describing a complex problem in one six-word phrase stimulates your imagination. The more precise the formulation, the easier it is to find a solution. Imagine that the creative task is a drawing on a box, without which it is difficult to assemble a puzzle.

100 ideas

One of the obstacles to creativity: when it occurs to you good idea, it can prevent you from coming up with a better one. Therefore, you need to produce ideas without thinking about whether they are good or bad, whether they can be implemented, or whether they will solve the problem.

Give yourself the opportunity to think without censorship. To do this, set a goal for time and number of ideas. Thus, you direct creative energy in the right direction. Innovative companies most often set a rate of 100 ideas per hour. Let's try it too.

Come up with and write down 100 uses for bricks. You will see that the first 10–20 will be standard, familiar, known: build a wall, go higher, build a grill, maintain bookshelves etc. The next 30–50 ideas will be more original. As you approach one hundred, the brain will begin to make extra efforts and produce more creative and unconventional alternatives.

For this process to be most effective, you need to curb your inner critic and start writing down all your ideas, including the most obvious and bad ones. The first third will most likely include old, identical ideas, the second third will contain more interesting ones, and the last third will likely contain noteworthy, unexpected and challenging inventions. If we had not set ourselves the goal of producing such a large number of ideas, these last thirty would not have seen the light of day

Get rid of routine

Routine often becomes the enemy of creativity. Make changes to your daily routine. Make a list of things you do out of habit, always the same. Typically, activities from such a list are performed almost thoughtlessly.

Try changing the way you do them a little over the course of a week, day, or month. For example, take a different route to work or school, change your sleeping and working hours, start reading a different newspaper, meet new people, drink juice instead of tea, go to a different restaurant, take a bubble bath instead of a shower, watch a different program on TV, etc. d.

Technique: questions

Most have been taught not to question authority, especially at work, school or family. Because of this, we rarely ask the right questions. To achieve fresh perspective and develop curiosity, you need to constantly question everything. Make it part of your daily life.

Why?This question helps to understand the current state of affairs and to question the generally accepted opinion.

What if?..Helps you explore new possibilities, imagine what would happen to the world if you change something or bring a new idea to life.

Why not?This question will help you understand the limitations and factors that stand in the way of positive change.

If you need to get to the root of a problem, use the Five Whys method:

1. Why do people prefer our competitors' fries over ours? Because it tastes better.

2. Why does it taste better? Because their seasonings are better than ours.

3. Why are their seasonings better than ours? Because their chef is better.

4. Why is our chef worse? Because we considered changing the chef unimportant, and for twenty years now we have had an incompetent employee working for us.

5. Why haven't we hired a new chef yet? Because no one dared to offer it to the owner.

Mind maps

Mental maps are one of the simplest and most effective tools for releasing creative potential. They were developed by British scientist Tony Buzan, inspired by the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci.

Today, mental maps form an integral part training courses and methods for solving problems in many companies and institutions. You can use them for personal purposes, such as planning a vacation.

This technique allows you to generate many ideas in short term and present a large amount of information in a limited space. All key concepts associated with a particular topic will be organized in such a way as to encourage the search for associations.

Finding connections between ideas is what makes us more creative.

1. Take White list, the more the better, and five to six markers or colored pencils. Place the sheet horizontally in front of you. In the center of the sheet, draw as clearly as possible or imagine the theme of your card in the form of some symbol. Don't worry about the quality of the drawing. Use different colors.

2. Having created a central image, begin to write down the most revealing ideas along the lines emanating from the center. Then add keywords and concepts to them, like branches of a tree. Feel free to create associations and try to fill out the sheet as quickly as possible. Generating ideas in the form of keywords is easy.

3. Once you feel that you have collected enough material using free association, look at the result. All your ideas are written down on a piece of paper. You will notice connections that will help you organize and summarize these ideas. If you see a repeated word, it might be something important. Connect different parts of the map with arrows, codes and colors. Remove unnecessary areas of the map.

Don't forget to use images, as they serve as anchors for remembering keywords. Try to write one word per line. This trains attention and disciplines. Mind map may be infinite. It is completed only when there is enough information to solve the creative problem.

Reading, silence, play

It is well known that in the process of creativity the right hemisphere is most active. All of these techniques help train neural networks in this area. Here are a few more ways:

1. Reading stories, short stories and novels. Fiction develops the intellectual abilities needed to think differently and more creatively.

2. Silence. When we engage in activities that do not involve talking, we significantly suppress the activity of the left hemisphere. Thus, we reduce the activity of dominant thinking patterns in neural networks, as if reducing the volume of our consciousness.

3. Any activity or game that trains the imagination. Puzzles, Board games, crossword puzzles, theater, music or dance improvisation and many other activities not only train our ability to produce different ideas, but also allow you to see the entertaining side of the creative process.

Do you know what creative thinking is? This is a category of thinking that leads to absolutely no typical solution question (problem). If a person organizes and analyzes in a new way standard information, which means he thinks creatively. The earlier the development of creative thinking begins, the easier it is for a person to assimilate new knowledge.

Features of the development of creative thinking

Considering the rapid development of technological progress, we can safely say that creative thinking and creativity are methods for solving any problems that differ from those programmed in a computer.

Technology always works according to installed program(algorithm), and looks for a classic way out of any situation.

Non-standard approach

A creative person knows how to break established rules.

It requires a flexible, non-standard mindset and the courage to be different from everyone else.

Most often, creative thinking goes against well-known canons.

Ideas that seem crazy at first can lead to a brilliant discovery.

All famous personalities who made a breakthrough in the world of science can boast of such thinking - I. Newton, I. Pavlov, M. Lomonosov and others.

Formation of creative thinking

Creative development originates from proper upbringing and training. It cannot be formed without knowledge of the surrounding world. A person first gets acquainted with the everyday layout of things and phenomena, and only then can he comprehend them in an extraordinary way, “process them.”

Traits of creative thinking:

1. Consideration of an object from different angles, taking into account its principles and meaning.
2. The desire to create something new, something that did not exist before.
3. The ability to quickly switch from one thought to another.
4. Find several ways to solve a problem.

1. Improvise, look for new ways to solve any everyday problems.
2. Don't look back at existing traditions.
3. Broaden your horizons, constantly learn something new. Learned Spanish? Start mastering molecular gastronomy, conduct chemical experiments, learn sign language.
4. Travel. To develop creative thinking, you will need new experiences and acquaintances.
5. Try to do better and more than others.

Methods for developing creative thinking

The human mind is unique, it has the ability to adapt to any life situations. IN in case of emergency the brain can quickly collect everything the right situation put together and come up with an extraordinary solution.

If a person solves creative thinking problems in everyday life, nothing will take him by surprise. He is from anyone, even the most difficult situation, will find the right way out, which will also be beneficial.

Methods for developing creative thinking are based on the fact that any person realizes only a small part of his potential throughout his life, and it is necessary to find ways to “turn on” all the capabilities of the brain.

There are 2 main methods for developing creative thinking:

"Brainstorm"

It is based on the concepts of generating ideas and their critical evaluation.

Classic brainstorming consists of 2 teams.

The first team must develop as many ways as possible to solve the issue, no matter how unrealistic and even stupid they may seem at first glance.

The second one discusses, develops each proposal, and as a result must settle on one solution.

Important features of brainstorming

1. clear division of responsibilities;
2. offer the maximum number of ways to resolve the issue;
3. be able to develop the craziest ideas that have been proposed;
4. be able to work in a team.

Synectics

Examples of synectics

Synectics is based on the following techniques:

1. association (search for similar processes, phenomena from a completely different sphere);
2. poetic symbols, images;
3. fantastic analogy. Why not offer a solution based on the example of a fairy-tale character?

Both of these methods - brainstorming and synectics - should destroy the stereotypical perception of the world and create a completely new, original type of thinking.

Development of creative thinking

Creative thinking is directly related to imagination.

A classic example of a well-developed imagination is children's fables. If a child begins to tell something fantastic, it means that his creative thinking is developing well.

The older a person gets, the more difficult it is for him to fantasize. A social stereotype says that an adult should be serious, strict, and not “fly in the clouds.”

It is not right. After all, creative thinking is useful in any profession.

A person who soaps outside the box is able to offer bright ideas for business, to make a new discovery in medicine, chemistry or military affairs, to improve already created drugs, tools or equipment.

5 Exercises to Develop Creative Thinking

Choice of words

Select the maximum possible number of nouns that reflect the essence of the concept. For example, light - life, sun, growth, etc.

• fire;
• evening;
• water;
• table;
• child;
• old age.

Find the maximum number of similar features for completely different concepts:

• well-earth;
• car-cloud;
• locomotive tablet;
• piano stroller;
• tree alarm clock.

Predictions

Think about what might happen if:

• if it rains without stopping for 3 days in a row;
• pets will start talking to their owners;
• apple juice will flow from the bathroom faucet;
• Fairy-tale characters will walk along the street.

Words starting with the letter

Name the maximum number of things starting with the letter K (Z, I, O) that are currently in the same room with you.

Description of items

Stop your gaze on any object in the room. For example, on the table. Write 5 adjectives that correspond to this object (big, wooden, comfortable, gray, smooth). Now write 5 adjectives that are completely unsuitable for this subject (sweet, blue, sad, lively, toy).

10 tasks to develop creative thinking

1. Describe your job (family, girlfriend, favorite TV series) in 100 words.
2. Take your favorite aphorism and write your own work based on it (in poetry or prose it doesn’t matter).
3. Write a little fairy tale(8-10 sentences) about an empty decanter.
4. Come up with 20 reasons to learn sign language.
5. List 5 things that you don’t mind spending your last 1000 rubles on.
6. Give written instructions to your favorite dog (parrot, cat) on how to dance the rumba.
7. You come home from work, the door of your house is wide open. Name 20 (including the most incredible) reasons why this happened.

Development of creative thinking in children. Development of creative abilities in children. Educational games. Educational games for children's parties. Exercises to develop creative thinking.

In modern psychology, the tasks to which this section is devoted are usually called divergent, and the thinking that they activate is divergent thinking.

The specificity of divergent tasks is that one question posed may have not one, but several or even many correct answers. Naturally, it is the divergent type of thinking that is usually qualified as creative. This type of thinking is closely related to imagination.

Divergent type tasks are extremely rarely used in traditional schooling. Orthodox education usually does not aim to develop non-standard thinking skills in a person, and therefore divergent tasks acquire special value: creative activity in any field requires, first of all, divergent thinking.

Let us consider, as an example, some types of tasks commonly used in practice with children.

Take plastic, wooden (or make cardboard ones yourself) multi-colored geometric shapes and invite the child to create as many different stylized images as possible (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Examples of images that can be combined from simple ones geometric shapes

Next task is in many ways similar to the previous one: from paper cones, cylinders and other elements, try to glue together as many figures of people and animals as possible. Examples of performing this task are presented in Fig. 2.

Rice. 2. Design and create figures of people and animals from paper

Let's stock up on old illustrated magazines and bright pieces of fabric. Together with your child, cut out figures of different shapes from illustrations and pieces of fabric contained in magazines. Now let's glue the resulting figures onto a sheet of cardboard and get a collage. Examples are shown in Fig. 3. All this is creative work, but the main task is: “Find as many analogies as possible with real objects.” The collage can be rotated however you like.

Rice. 3. Examples of collages from different materials

A very interesting, and therefore very popular task was proposed by psychologist J. Guilford: find as many different, original applications a well-known subject. As such an item you can use brick, chalk, newspaper and much more.

This task usually takes five to six minutes to complete. During the analysis of the results, all answers are taken into account, except those that do not correspond to the task, are repeated or may be considered ridiculous. This task can be offered to both older preschoolers and adults.

In this case, productivity and originality of thinking are assessed. The more ideas, the more unusual among them, the more points the participant receives.

Another task: select adjectives and nouns that contain the concepts of light and darkness (heat and cold, spring and winter, morning and evening, etc.). Let's give examples of answers.

The light is bright, gentle, alive;
Sun - ...
morning - ...
lamp - ...
bonfire -...
candle - ...

Darkness - closed, nocturnal;
night - ...
evening - ...
cave -...

Find as many as possible common features for dissimilar items.

Well - parquet;
log - box;
cloud - door;
doll - snow.

Divergent tasks include tasks to find the causes of events. Here are a few situations where you need to determine the reasons for their occurrence:

1. In the morning Dima woke up earlier than usual.
2. The sun has not yet gone beyond the horizon, but it has already become dark.
3. The dog sitting at the owner’s feet growled menacingly at the little kitten.

Another version of the task described above: come up with and tell what happened to each of the characters.

The child must understand the emotional state of each of the boys and tell what happened to them.

Third option: think about what could happen if...

"... the rain will continue to fall."
"... people will learn to fly like birds."
"...dogs will start talking in a human voice."
"...all fairy-tale heroes will come to life."
"...orange juice will flow from the water tap."

It’s good if the child was able to come up with an interesting answer to each of the proposed phrases.

Another type of task for the development of creative thinking in children: inventing stories, stories or fairy tales using a given set of words, for example:

Traffic light, boy, sled.

The second option for this type of task: look at the pictures and come up with a fairy tale in which all these characters would participate.

Next type tasks: “Mystery clouds”. The child needs to determine what the clouds (ink spots) shown in the pictures look like. It’s good if he can see at least one character in each cloud.

Another option for this task: try to draw something interesting using these shapes.

Another exercise: draw and color the sorceresses so that one becomes good and the other evil.

Divergent, creative tasks can be developed on any material. A good task of this type would be to create a variety of shapes from construction set parts. After all, from the parts of a building constructor you can build not only palaces, bridges and other architectural structures. Let's try to look at the building designer from the other side. Its parts are suitable, for example, for the manufacture technical models steamship, steam locomotive, car, airplane. You can make them out of them schematic images animals and people and even voluminous plot compositions. Let's give examples possible solutions(Fig. 4).

Creative thinking and creativity are undoubtedly useful skills modern man. However, it is difficult to find good courses, trainings, schools, books and textbooks for developing and improving these skills. In this regard, this section of the site was created, which is dedicated to methods and techniques for the development of creative thinking. The section is a full-fledged training for the development of creative thinking and imagination and contains lessons, articles, tasks, puzzles, videos, tests and many other useful materials.

If you read “99 Francs” or “Generation P”, watched the films of Tarkovsky or David Lynch, saw the paintings of Leonardo da Vinci or Picasso, you probably wondered: how can people create so many new interesting ideas and amazing concepts? If these creative professionals make you want to be like them, then you will find a lot of useful information in this section.

The more unconventional life is, the more interesting it is to live. In life, we are often required to be creative. The ability to think outside the box makes us witty, resourceful, successful, enterprising, lucky and rich. The ability to be creative can always come in handy.

It is often argued that creative thinking cannot be taught. This is not entirely true. Of course, a person's innate abilities are very important. But usually it is adults who are truly characterized by creative thinking, the ability for which is not only innate, but acquired with education and experience. Real works of art are made by adults who have achieved a certain skill in thinking and acting creatively. And if a person does not develop his creative potential, then he is unlikely to achieve the ability to create, even if in childhood he showed any abilities.

This means there is something they know and can do creative people. They did not acquire this knowledge and skills genetically from their parents, but accumulated them throughout their lives. Let's try to find and unravel their secrets.

What is creative thinking and creativity?

Explaining and describing what creative thinking is and what its features are is a rather difficult task. One of the few definitions of creativity/creative thinking was given by psychologist O.K. Tikhomirov:

« Creative thinking- one of the types of thinking, characterized by the creation of a subjectively new product and new formations in the very cognitive activity on its creation. These new formations relate to motivation, goals, assessments, meanings. Creative thinking is distinguished from the processes of applying ready-made knowledge and skills, called reproductive thinking »

OK. Tikhomirov
General psychology. Dictionary / under. ed. A.V. Petrovsky // Psychological Lexicon. encyclopedic Dictionary: In 6 volumes / ed.-comp. L.A. Karpenko; under general ed. A.V. Petrovsky. - M.: PER SE, 2005.

This definition highlights the main characteristic of creative thinking - the presence of a result, something subjectively new that a person has created.

It is important to understand that creative thinking or creativity is precisely a WAY to think, a certain PROCESS that leads to the creation of something new. Naturally, there are many methods for organizing your thinking so that you can get something new as a result. A number of studies and tests show that most methods can be adjusted to certain logical circuits, which form part of the lessons in this section.

To understand the characteristics of your creative thinking, we suggest you take a special psychological test.

Creativity Test

This test was created as an interpretation of the method for diagnosing personal creativity, developed by E. E. Tunik, and allows you to determine four features creative personality: curiosity, imagination, complexity and risk-taking.

To correctly interpret the answers, you should follow several rules while taking the test:

• Among the following short suggestions, you will find some that definitely suit you better than others. For them you should select the answer “Yes”. Some proposals are only partially suitable for you; you should answer “Maybe”. Other statements will not suit you at all; the answer for them is “No”. For those statements about which you cannot come to a decision, there is a last option- "Don't know".
• There are no right or wrong answers here. Mark the first thing that comes to your mind when reading the sentence. This task has no time limit, but work as quickly as possible. Remember that when giving answers to each sentence, you must note what you really feel. Choose only one answer for each question.
• Since the test is based on personal perception, you should not expect it to be an objective test of your abilities. To a greater extent, it reflects your idea of ​​​​your creative abilities. Remember that creativity is not an innate characteristic, but a quality that can be developed.
• The test data will be recorded after you answer the last question and see confirmation of the end of the test. If you finish the test before the last question and close the page, the data will not be saved.
• The test data will be recorded after you answer the last question and see confirmation of the end of the test. If you finish the test before the last question and close the page, the data will not be saved. If you have already taken this test, a sign will appear in the left menu.

On the other hand, creative thinking is associated not so much with logical schemes, but with developed associative thinking and human imagination. All this can be developed with the help of special exercises, which represent another important component of this section.

This section contains methods for developing the ability to think creatively: to be able to always find several options in everything, and choose the best one.

Teaching Methodology

As has already been said, there are many approaches to understanding creative thinking, and therefore there are many ways to teach such thinking. Among the popular approaches to analyzing creativity are: the concept of lateral thinking, the theory of solving inventive problems, synectics, the 6 hats method and others. Most of these approaches have similar features, but if you try to practice all of these methods at the same time, you can get confused.

Having analyzed many approaches to creativity, our creative Group came to the conclusion that the most universal theory is the concept of lateral thinking by Edward De Bono (as well as its interpretation by Philip Kotler), which is aimed at understanding the logic of constructing new ideas. It is the concept of lateral thinking that formed the basis of this training. This training also used a number of important techniques for developing creative thinking from other theories to expand on de Bono's concept.

In addition, concepts that deserve special attention have been included in LESSON 5 so that you can try other techniques for developing creative thinking.

Plan of the education

The entire training is divided into several lessons that are designed to reveal different aspects of creative thinking in you. After completing all the lessons, you will receive a handicap in order to be able to apply and constantly improve your creative thinking.

Creative games

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And also on our website you will find useful materials, articles, videos, tasks, puzzles, pictures, photos and much more that reveals the characteristics of a person’s creative thinking. As a result, after this training, you will have a clear understanding of how the creative thinking process works and will have sufficient skills to create something new.

Ability to be creative and interesting person partly acquired through upbringing and depends on our innate characteristics. But believe me, this ability can be acquired and developed; the main thing here, as usual, is desire.

We wish you good luck in developing creative thinking!