home · Other · Yoshkar-Ola is the capital of the Mari-El Republic. The only city starting with the letter "Y". Information about Mari El

Yoshkar-Ola is the capital of the Mari-El Republic. The only city starting with the letter "Y". Information about Mari El

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Mari El Republic(Mar. Mari El Republic) - a republic consisting of Russian Federation, a subject of the Russian Federation, is part of the Volga Federal District. It is located on the East European Plain in its eastern part in the Middle Volga region, where the largest rivers - the Volga, Vetluga, and Sura - merge.

Significant historical dates

  • On November 4, 1920, the Mari Autonomous Region was formed by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.
  • On December 5, 1936, in accordance with the Constitution of the USSR, the autonomous region was transformed into the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
  • On December 22, 1990, the Supreme Council of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Republic, which has a State Flag, Coat of Arms, and Anthem. At the end of 1991, the position of President was introduced.
  • On March 22, 1992, the Republic of Mari El, among other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, signed the Federative Agreement.
  • On July 8, 1992, the republic officially became known as the Republic of Mari El.

For success in the development of the national economy, the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1965, and the Order of the October Revolution in 1970; to commemorate the 50th anniversary USSR in 1972 - the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

Geography

The Republic of Mari El is located in the center of the European part of Russia, mainly on the left bank of the Volga River. The area of ​​Mari El is 23.4 thousand square meters. km. The length of the territory of the republic from north to south reaches 150 km (from 55°51* to 57°20" N), from west to east it is 275 km (from 45°40" to 50°15" E) From the north, north-east and east it borders with the Kirov region, from the south-east and south - with the Republics of Tatarstan and Chuvashia, and in the west and north-west - with the Nizhny Novgorod region. The geographical center of the Mari El Republic is located in the area of ​​​​the village of Nolka Medvedevsky district.

The capital of the Republic of Mari El is Yoshkar-Ola (coordinates - 56°38"N, 47°52"E). Distance from Yoshkar-Ola to Moscow - 862 km, to Kazan - 146 km, to Kirov - 335 km, to Cheboksary - 93 km, to Nizhny Novgorod- 332 km.

Relief and natural resources

The territory of the republic is located on the border of forest and forest-steppe zones and is distinguished by noticeable landscape diversity. The Volga River divides the territory of the republic into two unequal parts: the larger one on the left bank and the smaller one on the right bank. In addition, the Volga River serves as a natural border natural areas republics. The republic's subsoil is not rich in mineral resources: only peat, glass and silicate sands, building stone, limestone, mineral springs. The soils are also infertile.

The natural and only wealth of the republic is its forests. Forests occupy more than half of the territory of the republic - mainly in the west and central regions; valuable coniferous species predominate - pine, fir and spruce. Common animals include: wolf, bear, wild boar, fox, elk, hare, beaver, squirrel, muskrat, ermine, mink, lynx, badger, polecat. Game birds are also found in the forests: capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse, waterfowl and swamp game. There are 1240 species of various plants in the forests, 6 of which are listed in the Red Book, more than 200 species are rare. Gifts of the forest form the basis of the Mari national cuisine. Hunting, beekeeping, and fishing are the most ancient commercial activities of the Mari.

On the territory of Mari El there are 476 small rivers and streams, 7 thousand km long, over 600 lakes with a water surface area of ​​2.5 thousand hectares. The ichthyfauna of the republic's water bodies is represented by 57 species, of which bream, pike perch, pike, ide, roach, silver bream, saberfish, white-eye, blue bream and some others are of commercial importance. The Volga River flows through the republic for 155 km. The rivers Ilet, Bolshaya Kokshaga, Yushut and Kundysh are among the most environmentally friendly rivers in Europe, and lakes Yalchik, Kichier, Sea Eye, Karas are the pearls of the Mari region.

Climate

Moderate continental with long cold winter and warm summers. Average temperature in summer: +18, +20 C°. The hottest weather is in mid-July. The air warms up to +34, +38 C°. In autumn, the weather is cold and humid with a predominance of strong piercing winds and rains. Early frosts and snow are possible. November is the windiest month.

Winter usually begins in November. Average winter temperature: -18, -19 C°. The coldest month is January. Mari El Republic - perfect place for winter sports: skiing, skating. Spring is generally cool and dry.

Story

The Republic of Mari El received its name from the ethnic self-name of its indigenous population, Mari (“husband”, “man”); El translated from the Mari language means “country”. The entry of the Mari region into the Russian state determined the nature of the further history of the Mari people, which developed over four and a half centuries in close connection with the history of the people of Russia. The most important result of the entry of the Mari region into Russia was the preservation of the Mari as an ethnic group.

The Mari people gained their national statehood in the 20th century. On November 4, 1920, in the historical territory of settlement of the Mari, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR adopted the decree “On Education”. On November 25, 1920, the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars "On the Autonomous Region of the Mari People" determined the administrative and territorial composition of the region with its center in the city of Krasnokokshaysk (since 1927 - the city of Yoshkar-Ola).

In 1929-1932 The Mari Autonomous Region was part of Nizhny Novgorod, in 1932-1936. - Gorky region. On December 5, 1936, the Mari Autonomous Region was transformed into the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and is currently a full-fledged subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Mari El.

On June 21, 1937, the extraordinary 11th Congress of Soviets of the Republic approved the Constitution of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

The Mari people, as part of the Russian state, retained their language and acquired their own written language. In 1775, the first edition of the grammar of the Mari language was published, which meant the birth of Mari writing. Nowadays, the Mari language, along with Russian, has the status of the state language of the Republic of Mari El. The Mari have preserved their traditional religious beliefs and rituals. Currently, the sacred prayer groves of the pagan Mari are protected by the state.

During the pre-war five-year plans (1929-1940), 45 industrial enterprises were built and put into operation in the region. Engineers, technicians, and skilled workers were sent to new buildings and enterprises from the industrial centers of the country, especially from the city of Gorky. In Moscow, Leningrad, Gorky and other cities, national personnel were trained for industry and Agriculture republics. The output of large-scale industry in the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940 increased by 7.4 times compared to 1913. By 1941, collective farms united 94.2% of peasant farms. Construction has begun railways(the first of them, Green Dol - Yoshkar-Ola, was completed in 1928). A cultural revolution was carried out: illiteracy was largely eliminated, tribal feudal and religious remnants disappeared; national cadres of the working class and the people's intelligentsia have grown; national literature and art emerged.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 became a huge test of strength for millions of Soviet people both at the front and in the rear, a test that our grandfathers and fathers withstood with honor, ensuring decades of peaceful life in their country and all of humanity.

In the post-war five-year plans, the economy and culture of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic received further development. New large enterprises in machine-building, instrument-making and other industries have emerged in the republic. The material and cultural standard of living of the people has increased significantly. The rise of the economy and culture was accompanied by a comprehensive expansion of mutual assistance and deepening ties of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic with other republics.

The Mari people are part of the fraternal community of related Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia. From year to year, social, cultural and scientific ties between the peoples of the Finno-Ugric world are strengthened. The republic becomes widely known, the world community gets the opportunity to get acquainted with the original culture of the Mari people.

Administrative - territorial division

Mari El includes 3 cities (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk, Kozmodemyansk) of republican subordination, 1 city (Zvenigovo) of regional subordination and 14 districts (Volzhsky district, Gornomariysky district, Zvenigovsky district, Kilemarsky district, Kuzhenersky district, Mari-Tureksky district, Medvedevsky district, Morkinsky district, Novotoryalsky district, Orsha district, Gornomariysky district, devices for unloading barges. Railroad connections are available to the cities of Moscow (15 hours drive), Kazan (4 hours), Yaransk (3 hours). Highways are laid to the cities of Kazan, Cheboksary, Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Kirov, Syktyvkar, Yaransk.

National composition

According to the 2002 All-Russian Population Census, the national composition of the republic is as follows:

  • Marie - 42.9%
  • Russians - 47.5%
  • Tatars - 5.9%
  • Chuvash -1.0%
  • Ukrainians - 0.7%
  • other nationalities of the Russian Federation - Udmurts, Mordovians, Belarusians, etc. (more than 50 nationalities) - 2.0%.

State-political structure

Republic of Mari El The basic law of the republic is the Constitution of the Republic of Mari El. Government in the Republic of Mari El is carried out on the basis of division into legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative and judicial authorities are independent.

The legislative function is performed by the State Assembly of the Republic of Mari El, consisting of 52 deputies. Of these, 26 deputies are elected in single-mandate constituencies, the other 26 deputies are elected in republican constituencies in proportion to the number of votes cast for lists of candidates for deputies nominated by electoral associations and electoral blocs. The term of office of deputies of one convocation is five years.

Executive power is exercised by:

  • The Head of the Government of the Republic of Mari El is the highest official in the executive branch. Appointed by the President of the Russian Federation for 5 years.
  • Government of the Republic of Mari El
  • Administration of the President of the Republic of Mari El
  • other executive authorities

Judicial power is exercised by: Supreme Court Republic of Mari El, Arbitration court of the Republic of Mari El, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Mari El, district courts and justices of the peace, which are part of the judicial system of the Russian Federation.

Greetings, dear readers! Mari El is a republic within the Russian Federation, it is part of the Volga region federal district and is part of the Volga-Vyatka economic region.

The capital of the Republic of Mari El is the city of Yoshkar-Ola. The republic borders with the Kirov region in the north and east, in the west with the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the southwest with the Chuvash Republic, and in the southeast with the Republic of Tatarstan.

The Mari-El Republic is located in the middle reaches of the Volga River, in the east of the East European Plain. The main territory of the republic is located on the left bank of the Volga, on the right bank there is only part of the Gornomariysky district, one of the 14 districts of the republic, they can be seen on the map.

Districts of the Republic of Mari El on the map:

The area of ​​the Mari El Republic is about 23,375 square meters. kilometers, the population of the republic as of July 31, 2017 is about 685 thousand people.

In the capital of the republic, the city of Yoshkar-Ola and on the territory of the Mari El Republic, Moscow time is in effect, the same as in Moscow, the capital of Russia.

Mari El a little history

Mari Autonomous region was formed on November 4, 1920, from December 5, 1936 it became known as the Mari Autonomous Republic. Since October 22, 1990 - the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR) as part of the RSFSR.

Modern name of the republic: Mari Republic— Mari El since December 9, 1992, legalized and came into force on January 12, 1993 from the moment of publication of the Law of the Russian Federation.

Mari El is a multinational republic, national holidays of the Mari people are celebrated here, as well as Russian, Chuvash, Tatar holidays, and many festivals are held every year.

You can read about the sights and rich nature of Mari El

My friends vacationed in the Mari El Republic and shared some of their photographs and memories of their vacation in Mari El in the summer in the Mari open spaces, among the rich and generous nature. They also attended one of the festivals - Benderiada, which is held in the republic in a fun and interesting way every summer.

Holidays in Mari El in summer photo

The beginning of summer this year was cool and rainy, so we have to dress warmer. On the banks of the Volga:

Getting ready to go fishing with a fishing rod:

And this is a small catch:

Time to pick mushrooms:

Gifts of the forest - mushroom prey:

We gather for strawberries, an endless white birch grove:

More strawberries on the hills:

And this is the harvest:

Delicious wild strawberries:

We swim on the Volga in the summer, the warmth has finally arrived towards the end of July:

In the chamomile field:

How good the evenings are in Russia...

On a hacienda visiting friends:

Carefree childhood - laughing girlfriends:

Republic of Mari El photo

The harvest is ripening in the fields of the republic:

It’s good to ride through the vast expanses and see the ancient beauty that is carefully preserved in the republic.

Beautiful rustic windows with carved frames:

The city of Kozmodemyansk, the center of the Gornomariysky district:

Cathedral of the Smolensk Icon Mother of God in the city of Kozmodemyansk:

Holidays in Mari El

Many festivals and holidays are held in the cities of the Mari El Republic and the capital Yoshkar-Ola in different time of the year. In the summer in June the republican national holiday is celebrated Peledysh payrem - translated from Mari, the Festival of Flowers, during which the results of spring field work are summed up and mass events take place folk festivals throughout the republic.

Interregional folklore and ethnographic festival Land of ancestors held in July in the village of Arda, Kilemar region. There is a music festival in the summer Baranka in the city of Volzhsk in memory of the famous musician.

We will visit you Benderiad Festival of Satire and Humor , which has been celebrated since 1995. The center of the holiday is the city of Kozmodemyansk, people with a good sense of humor and a wonderful mood come here from everywhere. A carnival procession takes place through the streets of Kozmodemyansk. An auction of “12 chairs” is held on Market Square, where you can buy a “chair with diamonds”; a chess tournament is certainly held. There are performances by comedians, music concerts, and discos throughout the city.

One of the main participants of Benderiada:

Festival of satire and humor Benderiad in Kozmodemyansk

There is a lot of entertainment for children on the Market Square of Kozmodemyansk:

A large, elegant Children's Town for the delight of children:

Ostap Bender's performance in the festive humor:

The holiday continues on the banks of the Volga - yachts and parachutists take part in the celebration:

I suggest you watch a cool film about holidays and attractions in the Republic of Mari El:

Film My Russia or the adventures of Italian women in Mari El

A holiday in Mari El in the summer can be so interesting, exciting and educational!

Dear readers, if the article Republic of Mari El on the map of Russia Holidays in Mari El in summer photo was interesting to you and you learned something new for yourself, share with your friends, leave a comment under the article.

Be healthy and happy! I wish you interesting travels and new discoveries!

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Yoshkar-Ola– capital of the Republic of Mari El. The city is located 862 km from the capital of the Russian Federation - Moscow, on the Malaya Kokshaga River - a left tributary of the Volga in the center of the Volga-Vyatka region, founded in 1584. The territory of the urban district “City of Yoshkar-Ola” is 10 thousand hectares. Yoshkar-Ola translated into Russian means Red City.


The population of the city as of January 1, 2018 is 279.3 thousand people, incl. urban population – 268.3 thousand people, rural – about 11 thousand people. The working population of the city is 163.4 thousand people. The number of workers employed in the city’s economy is 136.3 thousand people. The number of pensioners as of January 1, 2018 amounted to 78.1 thousand people.

Since 2011, the number of births has exceeded the number of deaths. Over the 12 months of 2017, natural population growth amounted to 366 people. Migration population growth in the urban district has been observed since 2009. In 2017, the migration increase amounted to 1,239 people.

As of January 1, 2018, in the urban district “City of Yoshkar-Ola” the number of organizations of all types of economic activity amounted to 8325 units or 59.5% of the total number of registered organizations in the republic. Of these, 89.1% are private and mixed ownership organizations, 5.5% are federal, municipal and property organizations of the Republic of Mari El, 5.4% are property of public and religious associations, etc. By type of economic activity, enterprises are distributed as follows: 12.5% ​​- manufacturing; 11.4% - construction; 29.3% - wholesale and retail trade; 4.7% - transport and communications; 11.6% - education and healthcare; 30.5% - other types of activities.

The capital of Mari El is a multifunctional city. The industrial complex is the basis of the city's economy. The largest share of turnover comes from manufacturing industries (43.3%), which, together with the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water, account for 60.5% of the total turnover of enterprises in the city.

On the territory of the city, 1041 industrial organizations carry out production activities. The largest share of 23.5% (245 units) is occupied by organizations producing ready-made hardware, 23.2% (242 units) – organizations for wood processing and production of wood products.


A significant contribution to the city’s economy is made by Mari Machine-Building Plant JSC, which produces technological equipment, structures for gas stations, equipment for the agricultural sector, autotransformers, etc.;
JSC OKTB Kristall, which produces ultrasonic equipment and explosion-proof pumps; JSC "ZPP" - metal-ceramic housings for integrated circuits; LLC PTP "Stankostroitel" - units and machines for preparing dough, instruments for monitoring and regulating technological processes, centrifugal pumps; LLC "Rodina Association" - components for gas equipment of cars, electronic systems for cruise control of heavy vehicles;
ZAO SKB "Chromatek" - unique analytical equipment - gas chromatographs and hardware and software systems based on them; Nata-Info LLC is the first enterprise in Russia to master the production of mobile video installations and produce innovative electronic information display devices; JSC "Marbiopharm" - vitamins and medications; NPF Genix LLC - detergents and disinfectants.

Among the enterprises involved in the production of food products:
CJSC Yoshkar-Olinsky Meat Processing Plant, Yoshkar-Olinsky Bakery No. 1, LLC NPF Republican Dairy Plant, LLC Firm Souvenir, OJSC Yoshkar-Olinskaya Confectionery Factory.

Volume of products shipped industrial production in January-December 2017 amounted to 63.3 billion rubles, the index of industrial production in the urban district “City of Yoshkar-Ola” amounted to 102.5%.

The volume of investments in fixed capital from all sources of financing in 2017 amounted to 10.8 billion rubles, which amounted to 45% of the volume of investments in the republic. It should be noted that significant Negative influence The investment sphere of the city was at one time affected by the general economic crisis of 2014-2015, when, due to the difficult situation in the country, there was a decrease in the volume of investments in fixed capital, difficulties were observed in the housing construction market, etc.

The main investors in the city's economy are industrial enterprises, whose investments amounted to about 30% of the total investment in fixed assets in the city. On the territory of the urban district at the expense of our own and borrowed money Investment projects aimed at creating new production facilities, new jobs, modernization and technical re-equipment are being successfully implemented.

In total, in 2017, enterprises invested more than 1.5 billion rubles in investments as part of investment projects, and more than 200 new jobs were created.

JSC "ZPP" carries out technological modernization production and implementation of breakthrough technologies for the development of leadless and multi-lead packages.

JSC NPO Tavrida Electric completed a project to modernize the MS manufacturing technology (automatic line). The conveyor line for the production of magnetic systems was automated, equipment was purchased, technology was debugged, and pilot batches were produced.

MUP "Yoshkar-Olinskaya CHPP No. 1" carries out reconstruction of the electricity supply system of Yoshkar-Ola.

Nanomet LLC develops technology and organization of pilot production of new composite materials.

LLC firm "Instrument-N" acquires new equipment and modernizes production.

Branch of PJSC IDGC of Center and Volga Region - Marienergo is implementing an investment program for the reconstruction of substations and the construction of power lines. In 2017, 103 km were built. power lines for connecting new consumers.

As of January 1, 2018, the city’s construction complex included 950 organizations. In 2017, the volume of work performed in the “Construction” type of activity amounted to 7.14 billion rubles. Specific gravity in the total volume of work in the republic - 56.9%.

242.9 thousand sq.m. commissioned meters of housing (4.4% more than in 2016). City developers have built 28 apartment buildings(3937 apartments). Individual developers built 152 residential buildings with a total area of ​​34.6 thousand square meters. meters (108% by 2016).

2.66 km of heating networks, 9.19 km of gas networks were commissioned

Small and medium-sized businesses demonstrate a steady trend in quantitative and qualitative growth. In the city, 6,412 small enterprises (including micro-enterprises), 27 medium-sized enterprises, and 6,719 individual entrepreneurs operate. Small business enterprises employed about 25 thousand people in 2017, or 27% of the average number of employees in the city district, which corresponds to the all-Russian level. Average monthly wage for small enterprises in the city in 2017 amounted to 20,188 rubles, with an increase of 12.4% by 2016.

The turnover of small enterprises in 2017 amounted to 75.5 billion rubles. The main types of products manufactured by small enterprises in the city of Yoshkar-Ola: metal-plastic windows and doors, technological equipment for mechanical engineering, lumber, furniture and woodworking products, printing products, mineral and drinking water, bread and bakery products, confectionery.

In 2017, small enterprises allocated 3.55 billion rubles for the development of the economy and social sphere. investment in fixed capital.

The consumer market is one of the most actively developing segments of the city. Currently, regional food and industrial networks and federal networks.

Retail trade turnover in 2017 amounted to 44.6 billion rubles and increased by 2% compared to 2016 in comparable prices. Of the total retail turnover, more than 50% comes from small businesses.

In 2017, 20 new stationary retail facilities with an area of ​​27.4 thousand sq.m. were put into operation. Large shopping centers were built and opened: “Plaza” on the street. Kremlevskaya, "Planet of Furniture" on the street. Y. Kyrli, “Crown” on the street. Mira. As a result, 284 new jobs were created.

Provision of the city population with retail space in retail trade as of 01/01/2018 amounted to 1507.3 sq.m. per 1 thousand inhabitants, which is 2.6 times higher than the norm established by the Government of the Republic of Mari El - 566.6 sq.m.

As of January 1, 2018, residents of the urban district “City of Yoshkar-Ola” are served by 1,794 stationary retail outlets, incl. 550 small retail chain facilities (with seasonal facilities).

Public catering turnover in 2017 amounted to 3.3 billion rubles (an increase of 3.7% compared to 2016). As of January 1, 2018, the city’s network of public catering establishments is represented by 446 facilities.

Volume paid services services provided to the city population in 2017 amounted to 10.4 billion rubles, 0.5% more than in 2016.

In recent years, construction and reconstruction of many social facilities that shape the appearance of the capital city have been and continue to be carried out.



The city is paying increased attention to development physical culture and sports. In recent years, in the city of Yoshkar-Ola, 2 ice palaces, 2 water sports palaces, a palace with tennis courts, a sports and recreation complex, a stadium in the floodplain of the Malaya Kokshaga River have been put into operation, the Druzhba stadium has been reconstructed, and a unique indoor track and field arena has been built. "Arena Mari El". The city hosts competitions of Russian and international scale.



Yoshkar-Ola is the most important transport route Republic of Mari El. The P176 Vyatka highway passes through the city, connecting the cities of Cheboksary, Kirov and Syktyvkar. The city's transport system is represented by rail, road and trolleybus modes of transport. There is a developed suburban and intercity bus service.



Public transport is represented by bus and trolleybus services. Passenger transportation is carried out by 10 carriers: Passenger Transportation - City LLC, Trolleybus Transport MP and 8 individual entrepreneurs.

The city has 19 regular routes (7 trolleybus and 12 bus). The length of bus routes in the city is 573.6 km, trolleybus routes – 217.5 km.

In order to improve the quality of transport services for the population, in 2017 information signs for regular transport routes were placed at 26 public transport stops, including displaying information about operating parameters Vehicle, equipped for the transportation of people with limited mobility.

For the first time, a monitoring system for public transport services based on GLONASS/GPS satellite navigation was introduced, displaying information about the operation of public transport in real time for citizens.

In order to improve the quality of transport services for the population, two electronic information boards have been installed at public transport stops indicating the predicted arrival of public transport.

The city of Yoshkar-Ola is the cultural and scientific center of the republic, and is one of the centers of culture of the Finno-Ugric peoples.

Objects of cultural heritage of the city of Yoshkar-Ola reflect various historical periods of the city’s formation, starting from the early stages of urban development in the 18th century. to buildings of the mid-20th century, and are concentrated mainly within the historical territory of the city.

In the city of Yoshkar-Ola there are 12 museums, 9 temples, cathedrals and chapels, 17 squares, parks, squares and boulevards, 29 monuments and sculptural compositions, 6 houses - monuments of architecture and history, 7 bridges, 5 towers and city clocks, 5 fountains .


The development of tourism and its importance for the city of Yoshkar-Ola are determined by the rich historical and cultural heritage, favorable natural conditions and resources, geographic proximity to the capital of Russia, transport accessibility and developed infrastructure. In less than ten years, the ancient provincial city of Yoshkar-Ola managed to completely change its appearance. Today the city is being improved full swing, and quantity interesting places in the city of Yoshkar-Ola increases every year. New ones have been thrown pedestrian bridges across the river, monuments to famous historical figures were erected, modern cultural, administrative and residential buildings were built. It is here that history and modernity are closely intertwined and provide amazing experiences. The capital of the region, the city of Yoshkar-Ola, becomes the starting point in the travel of tourists and excursionists arriving in the republic, and has its own tourism brand.

The city of Yoshkar-Ola is the cultural capital. There are four theaters here: Academic Russian Drama Theater named after. G. Konstantinov, Mari National Drama Theater named after M. Shketan, Republican Puppet Theater, the recently built Mari National Opera and Ballet Theater (one of the most technically equipped in the Volga region, a large symphony organ is installed here).

In addition, the Mari State Philharmonic, 3 museums, libraries, centers of Mari, Russian and Tatar culture, and the Tsarevokokshay Kremlin Tourist Information Center operate in the city.

In the National Art Gallery - the largest exhibition area city ​​of Yoshkar-Ola - all conditions have been created for holding exhibitions of Russian and world level within the walls of the gallery. The permanent exhibition from the funds of the Museum of Fine Arts presents here the best examples of national painting, graphics and sculpture.

system higher education cities are formed by: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Mari State University", Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Volga Region State Technological University", ANO VO "Interregional Open Social Institute". The municipal education system is represented by 98 educational institutions (29 secondary schools, 64 preschool educational institutions, 5 institutions of further education).



Another feature of the capital of the republic is its favorable environment. Yoshkar-Ola is surrounded by forests on almost all sides, has urban forest parks, parks, squares, boulevards and other green areas, occupying about one and a half thousand hectares.



The city of Yoshkar-Ola is a modern administrative, industrial, cultural and scientific center of the Republic of Mari El, which has high potential for active economic development and qualitative improvement of the urban environment and is attractive not only to its residents, but also to tourists and investors.

View of the Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Yoshkar-Ola

Translated from Mari, “Yoshkar-Ola” means “red city”. The capital of the republic received this name in 1928. Before the revolution it was called Tsarevokoshaisk or Tsar-Ola, and from 1919 to 1928 - Krasnokokshaisk. Throughout history, the Mari capital was a quiet provincial settlement.

There are many interesting architectural sights in Yoshkar-Ola, and many unusual buildings and monuments have appeared in the city in recent years, for example, the Tsarekokshay Kremlin or the Bruges embankment, built in the traditions of Flemish architecture. Tourists walking along the bright facades of houses can easily imagine themselves in Denmark.

Yoshkar-Ola amazes with the number of monuments. On the embankment there is a sculptural composition that depicts the moment of the wedding of Prince Rainier III of Monaco and the famous actress Grace Kelly. And on Patriarchal Square there is a monument to Saints Peter and Fevronya. The prototypes of both monuments have nothing to do with Yoshkar-Ola, but are liked by city residents because they represent family happiness.

Next to the art gallery there is a monument to the founder of the city, Prince Ivan Andreevich Obolensky. But the most famous sculpture is located near the main building of the Mari University. There is a bench here where Yoshkin the cat sits imposingly. A cat's nose always shines in the sun because students, preparing for a session, traditionally stroke it “for good luck.”

There is a copy of the Moscow Spasskaya Tower in Yoshkar-Ola, and on the square, which bears the name of Obolensky-Nogotkov, you can see a smaller copy of the famous Tsar Cannon. Four cores were placed near it, the total mass of which is 12 tons. However, like the original, the Mari cannon does not fire.

History of Yoshkar-Ola

Archaeologists have discovered that people began to settle in the vicinity of Yoshkar-Ola about 12 thousand years ago. Until the middle of the 16th century, these lands belonged to the Kazan Khanate, but after Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible conquered Kazan, they became Russian. Although the local population was forced to take an oath to the new sovereign, the Mari did not immediately submit to Russia; they refused to pay yasak to the treasury, and until 1585 the Cheremis Wars took place in the region.


“The Tsar’s City on the Kokshaga River” or Tsarevokokshaisk was founded in 1584, already under the son of Ivan the Terrible - Fyodor Ioannovich. From that time on, in addition to the Mari, Russians began to live here. At first, the settlement was a wooden fortress surrounded by earthen ramparts. Then artisans and merchants came to the city, it became overgrown with settlements and turned into shopping mall. Around Tsarevokokshaisk they grew hops, harvested wood and hunted valuable fur-bearing animals.

For a long time, the city served as the administrative and military center of the Mari lands. It was constantly home to the “sovereign’s people” and a military garrison, which from time to time had to pacify popular riots. Local residents took part in the people's militia organized by Minin and Pozharsky, and they were more than once sent to serve in the Kalmyk steppes and the Don in order to strengthen Russian influence.


The first regular plan of the future Yoshkar-Ola appeared in 1835. This document is notable for the fact that Emperor Nicholas I himself wrote on it: “Be it according to this.” By the middle of the 19th century, the city was turned into one of the places where political prisoners were exiled.

For a long time, there was no large industry in the region, and only small craft workshops and factories operated. The industrial development of the Mari capital took place during the Great Patriotic War, when large production facilities evacuated from the western regions of the USSR were located in Yoshkar-Ola.

Tsarevokokshay Kremlin

Travelers who find themselves in the historical center of Yoshkar-Ola feel as if they are traveling back in time. In the 16th-18th centuries, the Tsarevokokshay Kremlin was built of wood. However, in 2009, the historical part of the city was restored in stone in the tradition of fortification art of the 14th-15th centuries, and it immediately became a popular tourist attraction.

On the territory of the Kremlin there is a cozy square, a monument to Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich, a small chapel and an exhibition of artillery pieces cast from ancient drawings. Those interested in the history of the city can look at old photographs and read a lot of interesting information on special stands. The museum of archaeological finds located in the Kremlin displays objects discovered during excavations on the territory of Yoshkar-Ola.

Tsarevokokshay Kremlin is located at: st. Voznesenskaya, 49. They let you in for free, and the area is open any day except Monday, from 10.00 to 20.00.

What else to see in Yoshkar-Ola

Many citizens and guests of Yoshkar-Ola love to walk along the picturesque Bruges embankment. Business partners and lovers meet here; people come here to make spectacular photo shoots, ride a bike or ride a boat along the Malaya Kokshaga River. And in the evenings, spectacular lighting is turned on along the entire river bank.

The beautiful multi-colored facades of buildings built in the Flemish style stretch along the embankment. Today they are occupied by government institutions of the Mari El Republic - important ministries, committees and departments. On the embankment there is also a monument to the Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, who made a significant contribution to the development of the Mari lands.

Several years ago, the magnificent Annunciation Cathedral was built in Yoshkar-Ola, which became the cathedral church of the local diocese. It is located near Voskresensky embankment, and is clearly visible from different places cities. This is not surprising, because the height of the temple reaches 74 meters. The Annunciation Cathedral is a cross-domed church built in the traditions of Russian architecture. Its size is so large that up to 2,000 believers can be present in the cathedral at the same time. In front of the temple there is a picturesque square with sculptures and a fountain.

In the city center you can see a newly built building, made in the traditions of Italian architecture (Leninsky Prospekt, 24). This is the largest art museum in the republic. The National Gallery contains paintings, sculptures and graphic works, created by talented Mari artists.

There is a clock on the gallery tower that has the status of a local landmark. Every hour, accompanied by church singing, an image of the Virgin Mary is revealed in the upper left corner of the clock, and a figurine of a donkey emerges from the lower left gate. The animal follows in a semicircle and hides in the right gate. This performance tells how the icon of the Mother of God “Three Hands” was saved during the Turkish invasion of Serbia.

The National Gallery of Art is open to visitors on Tuesdays from 12.00 to 20.00, and from Wednesday to Sunday from 10.00 to 18.00. The museum is closed on Mondays.

On Patriarchal Square, on the left bank of the river, there is the Twelve Apostles complex. Externally, it looks like a fairy-tale palace, and inside the picturesque building there is a television and radio company, a restaurant and a shopping center. Every 3 hours, from 9.00 to 21.00, the performance “The Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem” is shown here. To the sound of music, the figures of the twelve apostles and Christ appear on one of the balconies. They walk in front of the public and hide on the other side of the building.

Another popular Yoshkarolina remake is the largest fountain in the city, “Archangel Gabriel”. It is decorated with green stone reminiscent of malachite and installed near the red brick Annunciation Tower, which is a small copy of the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin. Like the original, the clock of the Annunciation Tower chimes every hour.

Next to them is a spacious pedestrian area called Arkhangelskaya Sloboda. It is built up with mansions made in the traditions of the Italian Renaissance, and today they house offices of banks and government organizations.


 Complex "Twelve Apostles"
Fountain "Archangel Gabriel"

Transport

Public transport in Yoshkar-Ola is represented by buses (8 routes), trolleybuses (11 routes) and minibuses (13 routes). Passenger transportation covers the central part of the city, both banks of the river and the nearest suburbs, so travelers can easily reach any part of the city.

Souvenirs

When leaving Yoshkar-Ola, every traveler tries to buy memorable souvenirs. Mari national clothing and jewelry are in great demand. The secret is simple - Mari clothing has been made from time immemorial manually made from natural materials, and the secrets of its production were passed down from generation to generation. In the city you can buy elegant shirts, suits and dresses, often made in a single copy. Tourists willingly take hats decorated with coins, amulets with beautiful ornaments and embroidery.

Hotel deals

How to get there

Yoshkar-Ola is located 771 km east from Moscow. It lies at the intersection of several major highways, and those traveling by car can come to Yoshkar-Ola from Kazan, Cheboksary or Kirov.

On the street Yanalova, 3, there is a railway station where trains from Moscow arrive. The journey to Yoshkar-Ola by train takes about 13.5 hours.

People come to Yoshkar-Ola by intercity buses from Nizhny Novgorod, Izhevsk, St. Petersburg, Perm, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Syktyvkar, Cheboksary, Yaroslavl and other places. The city bus station is located near the railway station at the address: Kokshaysky Prospect, 19.

The local airport is located 7 km from Yoshkar-Ola. Previously, planes from Moscow flew here, but for now air service suspended.

General information

It is located in the center of the European part of Russia, in the Middle Volga region. It is part of the Pri-Volga fe-de-ral-no-ok-ru-ha. Area 23.4 thousand km2. Population 698.2 thousand people (2010; 647.7 thousand in 1959; 749.4 thousand in 1989). Sto-li-tsa - Yosh-kar-Ola. Administrative-territorial division: 14 districts, 4 cities, 15 mountain villages. tee-pa.

Government departments

System-te-ma or-ga-nov of state power op-re-de-la-et-sya Kon-sti-tu-tsi-ey of the Russian Federation and Kon-sti-tu-tsi-ey Republic of pub-li -ki Ma-riy El (1995). State power in the republic is exercised by the State Council of Mari El, the head of the republic, the government and other or-ga-na-mi in collaboration with Kon-sti-tu-tsi-ey res-pub-li-ki. State co-government par-la-ment is the highest and sole legislative body of state power of the republic. So-sto-it of 52 de-pu-ta-tov, from-bi-rae-myh on-se-le-ni-em for 5 years (26 de-pu-ta-tov from-bi-ra-yut -sya according to one-man-data from-bi-rational districts, formed on the basis of a single norm-we are pre-sta-vi-telst- va from-bi-ra-te-ley; 26 de-pu-ta-tov - according to the re-pub-li-kan-sko-mu from-ra-tional ok-ru-gu pro-por-tsio-nal- but the number of go-lo-sovs given for the list of kan-di-da-tov in de-pu-ta-you, you-moved-from-bi-rational volumes -di-ne-niya-mi).

De-pu-ta-you work without separation from the main profession or service activity and on a professional permanent basis ve. The number of de-pu-ta-tov working in the State So-b-ra-nii on a professional permanent basis, us-ta-nav-li- va-et-sya behind-ko-no. The head of the republic is the highest official and heads the executive power of the republic. Pol-no-mo-chi-mi head of the Republic of Mari El na-de-la-et-sya State So-b-ra-ni-person from among the kan-di-da-tour, before -lo-wives Pre-zi-den-tom of the Russian Federation. The head of the republic forms the highest executive body of state power - the government.

Population

The majority of the village consists of Russians (47.5%) and Maris (42.9%; of which Lu-go-vo- Eastern Mari - 7.3%, mountain Mari - 2.4%). The same Ta-ta-ry (6%), Chu-va-shi (1%), Ukrainian-ra-in-tsy (0.7%), ud-mur-ty ( 0.3%), Mordovians (0.2%), be-lo-ru-sy, ar-mya-ne, Azerbaijani-bai-jan-tsy, etc. (2002, re-write) .

Since the second half of the 1990s, the de-mo-graphic si-tua-tion in the re-pub-li-ke ha-rak-te-ri-zu-et-sya us-toi-chi-vym sni-same -there is no number of people in the village (for 1995-2010 per 58 thousand people), which is caused by its natural decline (2.2 per 1000 inhabitants , 2009) and permanent migration origin (6 per 10 thousand inhabitants; mainly to neighboring regions of the Russian Federation).

The mortality rate is 14.9 per 1000 inhabitants, the birth rate is 12.7 per 1000 inhabitants; infant mortality rate is 7.2 per 1000 live-days. Proportion of youth working age (up to 16 years) 16.5%, older working age own age - 19.7%. The share of women is 53.7%. The average life expectancy is 67.1 years (men - 60.8, women - 73.8).

The average population density is 29.9 people/km2. The most densely-but behind the villages are the Volzh-sky, Ser-nur-sky, Pa-ran-ginsky, So-vet-sky and No-vo-tor-yalsky districts. they. The share of the urban population is 63.5% (2010; 28.2% in 1959; 61.1% in 1989). Over-the-lo-vi-ny city-ro-zhan lives in Yosh-kar-Ola (248.7 thousand people, 2010); other significant cities (thousands of people): Volzhsk (56.2), Koz-mo-dem-yansk (22.7), Zve-ni-go-vo (12.0).

Religion

According to socio-logical research (2004), 51.1% of the population of Mari El are right-of-glorious: for-re-gi-st -ri-ro-va-no (as of 01/01/2009) 82 organizations of the Yosh-kar-Ola and Mari diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church (os-no-va-na in 1993), which includes 2 monasteries (including the women's Mir-no-sit-kaya desert, os-but -va-na in 1649), as well as 3 ancient ritual organizations. After-the-traditional cults constitute 15% of the population, for-re-gi-st-ri-ro-va-but 5 volumes one of the Mari traditional religions.