Thinner tee for oil paints composition. Features of oil paint solvents and how to use them. Oils for oil painting

Instructions

In order to make the paint more liquid and return it to the consistency necessary for work, use solvents. Of course, you can paint with ordinary solvent, which is available in any hardware store, but a special solvent for painting is better. These products do not give a yellow tint to the paint over time and have a less intense odor. Be sure to consult with the salesperson at the art store and, if in doubt, ask him to help you.

Try thinning your paints with oil. Anything is suitable for artistic vegetable oil, but flaxseed is most often used. Ordinary gum turpentine or artistic varnish is also perfect for these purposes. Keep in mind that when diluted, oil paints can lose color and look much paler, but after the solvent evaporates, their color returns to its original color. That is why it is necessary to dilute paints very carefully, constantly checking the result on a separate test canvas. For a softer effect, use a mixture of artist's varnish, oil and turpentine in equal proportions.

Adjust the amount of solvent very carefully. If the ratio is incorrect, the solvent can make the paint too loose, depriving it of its original properties. In addition, even if the color and structure do not change, heavily diluted oil paint will adhere worse to the canvas, since the solvent destroys connecting links in paint. If the ratio of paint and solvent is chosen correctly, they increase the permeability of the paint and help it adhere more firmly to the canvas, making upper layer stronger.

note

It should be remembered that the drying speed of the work on the canvas depends on the properties of the solvent you choose for your paint. If you need the paint to dry faster, it is better to use turpentine or artistic varnish, and if you need longer drying, add oil to the mixture in the required proportion.

Helpful advice

If when diluting oil paints you want to make their shade less bright and intense, you need to add white or a light tone to the solvent or varnish warm shade.

Sources:

• how to dilute oil paints

Oil paints are widely used in construction. They are relatively inexpensive and also dry fairly quickly. Most often they are used when painting walls and roofs, but painting floors and ceilings with oil paint is not recommended. The fact is that the oils included in their composition do not allow air to circulate and moisture to evaporate. There are two types of oil paint: liquid and thick. If the first paint is ready for use almost immediately, then the second one must first be diluted.

You will need

• In order to dilute oil paint you will need: a container, drying oil, a fairly long stick, and a fine sieve.

In painting and construction, thinners for oil paints play an important role. Suitable for watercolor or gouache plain water. Some paints do not need to be diluted at all. But oil enamels require additional special compositions. They have different properties and functions.

Why do you need solvents for oil paints?

Artists now have a special water-soluble oil paint, but it is not suitable for construction. Why do you need to dilute ready-made compositions? Oil paint is based on a pigment that is mixed with drying oil. If the enamel is not used for a long time, then the harder particles settle and a layer of oil remains on top.

The jar must be shaken thoroughly before use. Sometimes it is necessary to make the paint more liquid or to blur the thickened one. In this case, solvents are used. But you need to take into account the fact that the compositions of oily enamels are different. Each one uses a certain type of drying oil, which acts as a solvent.

Selection of solvents

Paints are divided into two types, used indoors and for external works. This separation occurs because some formulations have a strong odor due to toxicity. There are several types of drying oil:

1. Natural – made from soybean, linseed or hemp oil. This drying oil is marked MA-021. Oily enamels based on it are suitable for painting doors, windows and other internal parts premises, excluding the ceiling, floor. Application to these surfaces disrupts the air exchange in the room and prevents the passage of moisture.
2. Composite (or combined) drying oil - made by mixing oil with a solvent. Designated MA-025. The finished mixture can be diluted with gasoline, turpentine, and white spirit. This enamel has a strong odor, and its fumes are harmful to health. Not suitable for indoor use.
3. Artificial drying oil replaces natural drying oil and is designated GF-023.
4. Pentaphthalic consists of real oils with the addition of drier, glycerin and phthalic anhydride. This drying oil is designated PF-024.

In order to properly dilute oily enamels, you need to familiarize yourself with their composition, and then select the appropriate solution that matches the type of drying oil. On packages of paints it is always written which solvents are suitable for this product.

Varieties

Thinners for oily enamels are chemical substances, which supplement the compositions to achieve a more liquid consistency. The three main solvents are:

• White Spirit;
• solvent 647;
• turpentine.

White spirit is universal thinner. It is used more often than other means. Moreover, now this diluent is made odorless. The cost of white spirit is low, so it is accessible even to the common man. When used, the consumption of oil paint is greatly reduced, but this does not affect the quality of the coating.

Solvent 647 is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. This product is flammable. Indoors it is used as a dilution for alkyd and pentaphthalic paints. Thinner 647 can be used on varnishes and putties. At the same time, the product can be used as a primer.

Turpentine has long been used as a dilution. This is a product that is obtained after processing resin, wood, and other materials. Turpentine is a specific essential oil with a very complex chemical composition. There are three main types: woody, stump and turpentine.

Two more agents are used as diluents. Kerosene works well to restore old dried paints. But in this case, more turpentine must be added. Drying takes a long time - ten days. After diluting the paint with gasoline, the resulting composition will give a matte finish.

Proper Use

Before diluting oil paints, you must read the instructions. All solvents are volatile, so they should not be kept near fire, switches, or switches. Due to the explosive nature of thinners, do not smoke during use or during mixing. At low temperatures Enamels dissolving agents may freeze.

Some have a rather unpleasant pungent odor. Therefore, oil enamel should be diluted only in ventilated areas or on fresh air(unless it's cold). Otherwise, you can easily get poisoned by toxic fumes.

All thinners are strong chemicals. If they come into contact with open skin or mucous membranes, these areas should be immediately rinsed thoroughly with clean water. cold water. Even clothing can be damaged by some solvents.

When diluting oil enamels, you need to be very careful with the proportions. Incorrectly selected parts can simply ruin the mixture. Correct proportions are always specified relative to each solvent. They are sold already with instructions for use.

Solvents are used not only for thinning thickened paints. Turpentine, white spirit and others are also used for fresh compositions. Solvents not only thin the mixtures, but also degrease them at the same time. Prepared using diluents good primer.

Oil enamels are very popular because they are very beautiful, affordable and protect the surface well from moisture, rotting, and corrosion. Even if the composition thickens greatly, you can always use thinners.

Oil painting is one of the most popular types of fine art. This is due to the brightness and durability of the work. In addition, working with this material is extremely easy and pleasant. In this regard, it is important to know how to dilute oil paints.

Do I need to thin oil paints?

Tee recipe

Experienced artists prefer to prepare their own meals based on their needs. The most common tee recipe includes the following components:

• pictorial varnish (it is better to choose dammar or mastic);
• hemp, linseed or poppy oil (the latter is considered one of the most transparent and pure);
• turpentine or solvent for artistic oil paints (white spirit is most often used).

All components are mixed in a clean glass container in equal proportions. The container must be tightly closed, otherwise the solvent will begin to evaporate and lose its properties.

Helpful information

Beginners and experienced artists alike will certainly appreciate the following tips.

Never use solvents from hardware stores, because they not only have unpleasant smell, but also give the paints a yellowish tint after drying.

Some thinners make the paint color fade, but as they evaporate, the color may become brighter again.

Before using a particular solvent when working on a painting, experiment on a test piece of canvas.

You should not use too much thinner, because oil paint can become loose and will not stick to the surface as well.

For quick drying use turpentine or artistic varnish, and if you have to work for a long time, it is better to give preference to vegetable oil.

When working with solvents (especially chemical ones), wear gloves and gauze bandages, and do not forget to ventilate the room.

Always dilute a small amount of paint, because it cannot be stored in this form.

If you want to give your painting a pleasant aroma, then use cedar or fir varnish as a solvent.

Can the thinner be reused?

Quite often, artists dip brushes stained with paint into a container of solvent. As a result, it becomes cloudy and, at first glance, absolutely unusable. Dirty diluent can be reused if filtered. First, let the liquid stand until sediment settles out, then pass it through a paper filter. The procedure must be repeated until the precipitate stops falling. Pour the filtered diluent into a clean glass container and screw the lid on tightly.

The right thinner for oil paints will make your work more vibrant and will also speed up the drying process.

Construction oil paint can be thickly rubbed or completely ready for use. With thickly rubbed paints, a solvent for oil paints must be used. Enamels of this type are mixed in a certain proportion with a dissolving liquid. This is necessary if the paint has dried or will be used as a primer. A suitable thinner is selected based on the characteristics of the surface to be painted and its absorbent properties.

Main groups of solvents

Today there are five groups of substances that are used in finishing works as solvents.

These are petroleum distillates, or by-products of petroleum refining, various alcohols, ketones, ethers, and glycol ethers.

Petroleum distillates

Everyone knows what turpentine is, and it could be included in the sixth group of liquids. However, its performance characteristics are very close to those of petroleum distillates, and it is best to include it in this group. Each specific solvent for oil paints from the group has its own characteristics. The most common are petroleum distillates, which are also called hydrocarbons. The molecule of such a substance is a carbon and hydrogen atom. Liquids that are included in this group are produced by refining oil, or rather by dividing it into fractions under the influence of temperatures. Turpentine is a distillation product, but it is not obtained from oil at all, but from the resins of coniferous wood.

Petroleum solvents are used to work with waxes, oils, paints, and oil-based enamels. Any solvent that is hydrocarbon based has characteristics and properties that are similar to those of oils or waxes. Sometimes these liquids can be used in production lubricants or compositions for cleaning and caring for furniture. Distillates, which contain significantly less oil, such as toluene or xylene, can be used to remove oil stains and are most often used to degrease surfaces.

Any products based on petroleum distillates can be mixed different ways and in any proportions. Alcohols and glycol ethers are not used with oil paints. They have different characteristics and properties.

How to dilute oil paint

If necessary, you can always buy a solvent for oil paints at any hardware store or hypermarket. There are several fluids that are suitable for working with oil-based dyes.

Solvent "647"

This is an affordable and popular solution. The substance comes in the form of a liquid with a rather pungent odor. Care should be taken during operation - the composition catches fire very easily. As for its properties, the paint with it has a uniform consistency.

White Spirit

This is the most widespread and popular liquid. If you look at chemistry textbooks, this solvent is a special type of gasoline in composition, intended specifically for paint and varnish production. Specific gravity is 0.77 kg, and this liquid will boil at 140-150 degrees.

It is made using white spirit - this liquid composition colorless, which has properties that enable it to dissolve the binders found in oil paints. Another characteristic is that the liquid has a low evaporation rate, which is very positive for artists.

Turpentine

This is no less popular solvent for oil paints than white spirit. The composition is widely used for mixing and diluting not only oil dyes, but also alkyd styrene dyes. Turpentine is also used in the production of varnishes based on copal, rosin or dammara. Purified or unrefined turpentine is available for sale.

Before chemists created white spirit, turpentine was place of honor basic liquid for dissolving varnishes and paints. This is an essential oil with a complex chemical composition. It is obtained by processing turpentine, resin and parts of coniferous wood saturated with resins. Today, modern industry produces three types of turpentines - wood, stump and turpentine products.

Wood liquid is obtained by processing special technologies tree resin and conifer branches. When fresh, it is a liquid with a yellowish or brown tint, which may disappear during processing.

Stump turpentines are produced using special technologies from stump parts coniferous tree. Turpentine are pure essential oils, which are obtained by distilling resin. It is extracted only from a growing tree. This way, turpentine will not lose its unique properties and valuable elements during the production process.

Kerosene

This liquid is perfect for use as a solvent for oil-based dyes. It is often used to restore old hardened oil paint. For greater efficiency, you can add a drying agent to kerosene - for example, any turpentine. But this can increase the drying time of oil paint.

Petrol

This composition is familiar to everyone. He is clear liquid colorless with a characteristic odor. In everyday life, pure gasolines are often used as solvents for oil dyes, pentaphthalic compounds, putties and varnishes. Gasoline can also be used as a solvent for oil-phthalic paints. With it, the oil liquid will acquire a matte tint. The component is popular in construction - it is used to dilute thickly rubbed paint.

"Tee"

This mixture is popular with artists, but can also be used in painting work. This liquid contains purified linseed oil, turpentine, and

Using this “tee” you can easily give the oil dye the optimal consistency in a short time. Artists love this solution because it not only helps thin the paint, but can also be used to clean tools. This composition significantly improves permeability into the painted surface, and in painting it allows you to make the picture more accurate.

How to replace solvent for oil paints

Oil paints can be used in different ways, but in any case, solvents are added to the dyes. Now there are a lot of different solvent mixtures for enamels and paints, and each has its own disadvantages and advantages. It happens that you can use special remedy there is no possibility. The most common replacement option is regular gasoline. In addition to this, you can use turpentine or white spirit with great success.

Odorless solvents

The paint and varnish industry is now more developed than ever - a huge number of types and subtypes of thinners and solvents can be found on sale. Despite all the practicality of white spirits and turpentines, they are quite toxic and have a characteristic odor. What to do if a person prefers a solvent for oil-based solvents? There are several options. Artists appreciated all the benefits of linseed oil - it is a good solvent for oil dyes. One of its properties is the almost complete absence of odor. However, there is also a minus - for a long time paint drying.

It is recommended to use “Tee” - an industrial mixture that also has virtually no odor. Well, the best odorless oil paint solvent is a composition from the Tikkurila brand. It is offered in transparent plastic bottles with an inscription yellow color. This composition dries quickly and will last for a long time. The Diluent composition is also odorless, but in itself it is quite harmful.

Maximum variety aids Made specifically for oil paints. They can be divided into three types:

1. BINDERS

Binders are used as an essential component in the manufacture of oil paints, as well as as an additive to finished paints to dilute, liquefy and increase the fluidity of the composition. The main binders in the manufacture of oil paints are oils, which form a film when dry. This flaxseed, poppy seed, safflower, nut, hemp, sunflower oils. They differ drying speed, film quality, color and yellowing tendency.

Most popular, linseed oil, is different high speed drying, a slight tendency to yellowing and the ability of the paint to maintain elasticity for a long time. When dried, it forms a hard, durable, elastic film, insoluble in organic solvents.

Poppy or safflower oil dry more slowly and they blend better with light colors paints When dried, they form a softer film, partially soluble in organic solvents.

The oil is also used to make emulsion primers and oil-based varnishes. The introduction of oil slows down the rate of polymerization.

- What is “refined oil”?

Refined, the same as purified. This means that the oil has undergone special treatment to remove substances that affect the quality of the oil when long-term storage, that is, the oil “does not go rancid”, does not oxidize.

In order to remove the natural yellowness of the oil, whitening. To make the oil thicker, more viscous, and to increase its rate of polymerization (hardening), oil compact(pumped with oxygen - oxidized).

Thus:

• Refined = Refined
• Bleached
• Compacted = Polymerized = Oxidized

2. THINNERS FOR OIL PAINTS AND VARNISHES

Thinners for oil paints and varnishes serve to reduce the viscosity of paints during work, and are also used to clean brushes, palettes and other tools.

For oil painting, two types of thinners are used:

1. Terpenes are hydrocarbons of natural origin (turpentine, pinene, turpentine). Have different names, because made from various types of pine trees. This is a product for cleaning pine extracts from “resin”

Linseed oil + Resin + Turpentine

Paint thinner + Varnish thinner, but not Cleaner + Glaze varnish

Foreign manufacturers also offer big choice thinners. The main purpose of a particular thinner is included in the name: Medium to increase fluidity; Medium for increasing transparency, Solvent for oil paints.

- Does the use of thinner make paints lighter?

Yes, indeed, thinners lighten some paints, but after the thinner evaporates, the paints again acquire their characteristic color.

- Are thinners toxic?

Yes, all organic thinners are flammable and toxic to a certain extent and require precautions when used. Diluents should be stored in tightly closed bottles. Turpentine oxidizes when exposed to light, so it should be stored in the dark or in an opaque container.

3. PAINTING VARNISHES

In technology oil painting There are four groups of varnishes, differing in their purpose:

This is a solution of resins in pinene; the exception is copal resin dissolved in linseed oil. As an additive to oil paints the following varnishes are used: Mastic, Dammar, Copal, Cedar, Fir. They improve the optical properties of paint, promote better bonding between the primer and the paint layer and between individual layers of multilayer painting, giving them hardness and elasticity. Works made on these varnishes will be distinguished by an almost complete absence of fading.

This is a solution of resins in an active solvent. Applicable as an intermediate layer to prevent dryness and enhance the adhesion of paint layers. Their task is to refresh the work and create the effect of damp paint. Composition – oil + varnish + solvent. For example, flaxseed oil + copal + pinene.

1. Varnishes for glazing

This is a solution of resins in highly compacted oil. Forms an irreversible film when dried. Applicable to isolate one pictorial layer from another, to create glazes. This could be copal resin in linseed oil. Thinner "Tee"(a solution of linseed oil and varnish in turpentine), due to the presence of oil in it, is also a varnish for glazing.

1. Varnishes for surface coating (top varnishes)

This is a solution of resins in pinene. Forms a reversible film when dry. Apply for covering a painting surface for conservation or protective purposes. They can be glossy, matte or semi-matte (with the addition of wax or other matting substances). They are called “Coating” - for painting and “Fixative” - for graphics.

Western manufacturers produce most of the varnishes - acrylic. These are universal topcoat varnishes suitable for all types of painting layers, including oil.

- I need the oil to become more liquid. What do you advise?

Oil for thinning paints should not be used as a thinner, but only as an additive, very limitedly - only when glazing or applying thin layers of paint. Otherwise, the paint may begin to “slide” under own weight according to the picture.

When working with slow drying paints, the use of pure oil should be avoided. It is recommended to work with a mixture of artistic oil and varnish (dammar or mastic), or just thinner.

- My paint layer has faded. What do you advise? How can I restore it?

It is necessary to wipe the painting layer with retouch varnish, or Tee or compacted linseed oil No. 1 and No. 2.

- I need varnish to prevent the paint from turning yellow. Which one do you recommend? (the same for oil and acrylic)

Acrylic, Dammar, Cedar, Fir varnishes – all painting varnishes.

4. DRYING RETARDERS AND ACCELERATORS

Drying retarders and accelerators added to oil paint before applying to the base.

Classic remedies speed up drying of oil paints are called driers (St. Petersburg)

European manufacturers:

• "Schmincke" (Germany)
• Daler-Rowney (UK)
• "Maimery" (Italy)
• "Royal Talens" (Netherlands) and others.

To understand the intricacies of the properties of a particular medium, the manufacturer compiles a summary table. For example, this is what the table of mediums from Schmincke, Germany looks like: