Thermal insulating plaster mixtures for external use. Warm plaster for interior work. Composition, brands and guests

Choosing insulation for interior wall decoration is a task that today has many solutions. Many people prefer well-known materials such as polystyrene foam or mineral wool.

However, there are fewer traditional way insulation, which has not yet gained particular popularity due to high cost composition. We are talking about a material called “warm plaster”, the features of which will be presented for consideration in this article.

What is this material?

Thermal insulating plaster – a combined material that combines conventional rough plaster and insulating components.

Mineral additives contained in the mixture gives the solution thermal insulating properties. Warm plaster contains the following types fillers:

• porous (expanded polystyrene granules, perlite, foam glass, etc.);
• binders (cement, gypsum, lime);
• polymeric materials – plasticizers.

Thermal insulating plaster – highly porous material, due to which it is sometimes called “drying”.

Varieties

Depending on the filler, which gives the composition thermal insulation qualities, warm plaster divided into several types, each of which has its own characteristics.

With perlite

Perlite is a material based on expanded perlite sand. It is a type of volcanic glass and has a texture similar to pearls, but contains more than 1% water.

The peculiarity of the material is ability to increase (5-20 times) and swelling (10-12 times) as a result of heat treatment. Perlite plaster is used for façade finishing and interior walls, both in industrial and residential premises.

Advantages of perlite mixture:

• high heat and soundproofing properties;
• high-quality adhesion when applied to various mineral surfaces;
• plaster is fireproof and provides additional fire resistance to the treated surface;
• has good vapor permeability;
• environmentally friendly and harmless to health;
• It is distinguished by its flexibility and ease of use.

The downside is high gyroscopicity, that is, the ability to absorb moisture four times its weight, which is why the surface needs finishing.

Do-it-yourself application of warm plaster for interior work

The walls need to be prepared cleaning them from dust and dirt and removing the old coating (wallpaper, tiles, paint, etc.).

For better adhesion the surface can be impregnated with primer deep penetration. The honeycomb structure, as well as the presence of reinforcing fibers in the composition, gives warm plaster resistance to cracking, so that the surface being finished does not require the installation of reinforcing mesh.

Before applying the composition the walls should be thoroughly wetted warm water for high-quality adhesion of the solution to the surface.

Next you need mix the solution using an electric drill and mixer, following the instructions on the package. You can check the readiness of the composition by scooping the mixture onto a spatula and turning it over. If the solution does not fall, then it is ready for application.

The application process itself is the same as finishing with conventional cement mortar. Beacons are installed on the wall, between which they throw the mixture and level it with the rule. The layer thickness, as a rule, is no more than 5 cm.

To apply the final leveling layer a thinner solution should be used, which is smoothed with a plastic grater, thereby eliminating minor defects, pits and irregularities. After 48 hours, the plastered surface can be covered.

Applying warm plaster: video instructions.

Until recently, the concept of “warm plaster” caused bewilderment on the faces of people selecting finishing materials for renovating their apartment or the external walls of a house.

Today, using a warm plaster mixture, they successfully carry out external and internal finishing of residential and administrative buildings.

Warm plaster for interior work It is produced in two main directions: to create a preparatory and finishing layer. In both cases, the finishing material has high strength and thermal insulation properties.

COMPONENTS OF WARM PLASTER

Warm plaster is a multi-component mixture.

It includes:

• fillers– substances that allow the plaster layer to be vapor permeable;
• plasticizers– they endow the finishing material with high elastic properties;
• water repellents– these components provide resistance to moisture.

White Portland cement or ordinary lime with the addition of gypsum is used as a binder.

Scheme of a wall with warm plaster

Warm plaster is distinguished by fillers, which give the material thermal insulation characteristics.

On this moment Two types of warm finishes have become widespread: with organic and mineral components.

Expanded polystyrene can be an organic additive. It is used in the form of granules, foamed during production.

Since this type of organic filler is characterized by low strength, the plasters that contain it are coated with a protective finish.

Mineral components are divided into types. Substances of one group are natural materials with a porous structure of volcanic origin (expanded perlite, vermiculite).

Other elements are fractional hollow grains of foam glass type. They give the plastered surface high level mechanical strength.

ADVANTAGE OF USING WARM PLASTER

Warm plaster, thanks to the universal properties obtained during production, can be used for finishing the internal and external walls of buildings.

In addition to high thermal insulation properties, the finishing material is endowed with:

• Light weight - unlike standard plaster, after the screed has set it specific gravity can be from 240 to 360 kg/m3;
• Solidity of the layer - it eliminates the appearance of temperature bridges, peeling and shedding of the finishing surface;
• Good adhesion - due to the high level of adhesive ability, warm plaster is suitable for almost all surfaces. If it is necessary to apply a layer about 5 cm thick, it becomes necessary to use a primer and reinforcing fiberglass;
• Possibility of restoration - the plaster layer is easily restored as a result of any mechanical damage;
• Ease of use - no need to use specialized equipment. When performing work, a standard set of tools is sufficient: a spatula, a grater and a trowel;
• Safety - warm plaster is an environmentally friendly finishing material, due to which it is used not only for plastering facade surfaces (warm facade plaster), but also for internal walls of living quarters. This fact applies to certified mixtures;
• The finishing layer - plaster works well as a decorative finishing coating for both external and internal surfaces of the building. Due to additional use coloring vapor-permeable substance, the mixture acquires the required color.

HOW TO MAKE WARM PLASTER WITH YOUR OWN HANDS

Do-it-yourself warm plaster is easy to make, since everything necessary materials available on the construction market.

As mentioned above, the components of the warm plaster mixture are porous materials, a plasticizer and ordinary cement.

Applying warm plaster

Due to the porous components, warm plaster performs insulating functions and is endowed with vapor-permeable properties, and therefore the ability to breathe.

Mold and fungus do not grow on vapor-permeable materials, since there is no source of their occurrence - dampness.

Thanks to the use of plasticizers, a composition based on a cement binder receives good performance plasticity and adhesion to the supporting base.

That is why heat-insulating plasters have characteristics that allow them to be applied to wood, concrete, brick and even ceramic surfaces.

Warm plaster is produced using the following technology:

• one part of cement M500;
• four parts of perlite or vermiculite grains;
• water (add until the consistency of thick sour cream is obtained);
• plasticizer (replace PVA with glue, take 50 grams per bucket of cement).

Step-by-step instructions for making the solution:

• plasticizer or PVA glue is diluted in water;
• thoroughly mix cement with granules;
• Add water to the dry mixture and knead until it becomes plastic.

After 15 minutes, when the composition has settled, it’s time to apply warm plaster to the prepared surface.

Plaster prepared at home will cost much less. This is especially noticeable when you compare it with mixtures well-known companies, for example, "Knauf".

It is also worth noting here that thermal insulation plaster cannot be used as the main insulation material, but still, it can retain some of the heat in the room.

PLASTER “KNAUF” FOR BUILDING FACADES

Using warm plaster "Grunband" from Knauf to decorate the facades of buildings, you can save on insulation materials, but you will have to spend money on surface decorative finishing.

Various finishing putties, polyurethane panels or vapor-permeable paints are used as decoration.

Scheme of plaster facade system

Preparing the solution does not take much time, but requires the use of a construction mixer.

This is a necessity, because it is quite difficult to manually thoroughly mix 30 kg of dry mixture with water until the desired consistency is obtained.

Set includes:

• building level and rule;
• trowel, metal spatula and grater.

Knauf facade plaster is applied only to the prepared surface, due to which it is laid in an even layer.

In progress preparatory work, old peeling finish, dirt and dust are removed from the base.

Detected small chips and cracks do not need to be puttied, as all defects will be hidden by the finishing material.

Then the outer walls are primed, which will protrude additional protection facade finishing from moisture penetration. The primer is applied to a dry surface.

If you plan to lay another type of insulation under the plaster layer, for example, polyurethane foam, then you should not worry about how it will lay down and whether the plaster will adhere firmly to it.

Due to special fiberglass reinforced mesh, which is overlapped on the insulated external walls of the building, the plaster mixture can be applied in the same way as on a concrete or brick base.

Here it is worth mentioning some features of the work being carried out using the Knauf plaster mixture:

• The thickness of the applied layer of thermal insulation facade plaster may be about 20 mm, but no more, since the mixture will begin to slide off the working surface. It is distributed according to the rule along the plane of the wall. If it is necessary to plaster the walls with a thicker layer, for example, 30 mm, the process of work is divided into several stages. At the first stage, one layer of Knauf solution is applied; on the second, the first layer is reinforced with mesh; at the final stage, a second layer of plaster is laid, but only after the first one has dried;
• After the plaster mixture has begun to set, its surface is slightly moistened with water and rubbed with a grater.

The façade, treated with warm plaster, is faced with any decorative material of your choice to create an externally attractive appearance.

The main thing is that it meets the requirements that allow the facade to maintain its unchanged appearance.

High price utilities and energy resources can push owners of apartments and country real estate to carry out additional work over wall insulation. One of the options for increasing the thermal properties of such bases is the use of special warm plaster. What is it and what kind of coating is there - read about all this in our article.

Thermal insulating plaster: types and features

In recipes warm plasters Some of the components of conventional leveling compounds are replaced with materials that can be used to enhance the thermal insulation properties of the hardened mortar. For example, quartz sand or part of it is replaced with perlite, vermiculite, polystyrene foam, etc. additives in in bulk form. Cement or gypsum can be used as a binder. In the first case, the finished composition is suitable for external and internal finishing, in the second - only for internal work due to the high hygroscopicity of gypsum.

The main part of the dry mixtures presented on domestic market, is a perlite plaster. Expanded perlite is used as a filler, which in appearance may resemble coarse sand or small gravel of a grayish-white color. The material is quite light - bulk density around 200-400 kg per cubic meter. m. depending on the grain size. It is somewhat lower for expanded vermiculite. The density of this additive to plaster is approximately 100 kg per cubic meter. m. (bulk). Another property that must be taken into account when using thermal insulation solutions is the high hygroscopicity of hardened coatings. The hygroscopicity of the material is up to 5 volumes of water per 1 volume of expanded component.

Despite the high water absorption coefficients, vermiculite and perlite plasters can be used for external insulation of a building. The main thing is that they are not directly exposed to precipitation, and the steam passing through the walls of the house does not linger in the coating.

The low density of the solution components ensures a reduction in the mass of the finished coating, which can be taken into account when designing a house. There is an opportunity to reduce the load on the foundation and rely on a cheaper foundation for construction.

A short video about plaster based on polystyrene foam.

Two videos on how to prepare warm plaster with vermiculite.

Plaster Teplon (GK Unis)

You've probably heard about such a finishing material as Teplon plaster. This is a ready-to-mix dry mixture based on gypsum binder. A special feature of the composition is the addition of perlite, a porous rock of volcanic origin. It is this additive that gives the manufacturer the right to call their plaster warm. Teplon mixtures can be used for interior decoration premises. The coating turns out to be relatively light, allows you to level the base and give it additional sound and thermal insulation properties.

Types and technical characteristics

At the time of writing the review, the company produced four types of plasters under the Teplon brand. Moreover, three of them are intended for finishing dry rooms and actually have some thermal insulation properties, and the fourth, moisture-resistant modification is not positioned as “warm” (the thermal conductivity coefficient is not specified for it).

Remember that such coatings are highly hygroscopic, so we can talk about the advisability of their use only if the humidity in the room is normal. We are talking about “warm” compositions. And do not forget that you need to insulate the walls from the outside, not from the inside. Accordingly, using completely different materials.

To be fair, we note that the thermal conductivity coefficient of Teplon plaster is 0.23 W/(m×°C), and that of thermal insulation materials such as extruded polystyrene foam, ordinary polystyrene foam and mineral wool – 0.029÷0.032, 0.038÷0.047, 0.036÷0.055 W/( m×°C) respectively. And we remember that the lower this value, the better heat-shielding properties characteristic for the same material thickness. What does it mean? And the fact that achieving the same thermal protection of walls when using warm Teplon plaster is more difficult than when installing a special thermal insulation material.

Work technology

1. Requirements for temperature and humidity conditions for work are standard: from +5 to +30 °C at relative humidity up to 75%. Because All brands of Teplon plaster are produced using gypsum binder, then the condition of the base must be appropriate: clean, dry, without damaged or poorly adhering parts of the wall material. Working surface primed with concrete active (for smooth concrete foundations) or deep penetration soil (for cellular concrete and other hygroscopic materials). Subsequent operations begin after the soil has dried.
2. Installation of plaster beacons is carried out according to standard scheme, only for attaching beacons use the appropriate brand of Teplon solution.
3. To obtain a solution of the desired consistency, add a kilogram of powder for every 450-550 ml of water. When using a moisture-resistant brand of water, take less - 160-220 ml. Mix using a special mixer or a puncher with a stirrer. After this, the mass is left alone for 5 minutes. and mix again. Further fate plaster is determined by the value of its viability.
4. The resulting composition is applied to the walls manually or mechanically (for the MN composition) in a layer 5-50 mm thick. The thickness of the ceiling covering is less - 5-30 mm.
5. An hour after mixing the solution, the layer of plaster is trimmed along the beacons using the rule. At this stage, all coating defects are corrected: depressions, bumps, waves, etc.
6. If it is necessary to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 50 mm, then this is done in several stages: layer by layer, after the previous coating has hardened, treated with a primer and over a plaster mesh.
7. On final stage surface glossing is possible. It is started 2 hours after trimming the set mortar. The coating is wetted clean water, rub with a special sponge grater, and the emerging milk is smoothed out with a wide spatula.

Umka

Some plaster mixtures Umka is also positioned as warm: UB-21, UF-2, UB-212. In addition to the heat and sound insulation properties, the manufacturer is distinguished by the environmental friendliness of the compositions, their hydrophobic properties, non-flammability and frost resistance.

All work is carried out in almost the same order as for Unis products. Because in essence it is a similar product.

Below is short video about Umka plaster.

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Warm plaster Mishka is suitable for finishing walls made of any materials, both for external and internal work. The thermal conductivity declared by the manufacturer is 0.065 W/(m×°C) - the same as for Umka UB-21 products, which gives rise to some thoughts on this matter. 7 kg of dry mixture is mixed with approximately 3-3.3 liters of water, the solution consumption is approximately 3.5-4 kg/m2 at a 10 mm layer. The cost of a bag (7 kg) is approximately 650 rubles.

Knauf Grünband

Another option for a ready-made mixture from famous manufacturer. You can read more about it.

Making warm perlite plaster with your own hands

You probably already noticed that all compositions for warm plaster contain components that determine their thermal insulation properties. Most often it is perlite or vermiculite; mixtures with expanded polystyrene are also found. It is their low thermal conductivity coefficients that allow, on average, to obtain good values ​​for finished coatings. By using such additives together with or instead of certain fillers, such as sand, as well as binders such as gypsum or cement, you can be sure of mixing a mixture with the desired properties.

Unfortunately, prices for ready-made mixtures do not inspire confidence. What if you prepare the solution yourself?! Moreover, individual components, such as cement, perlite, lime, are relatively inexpensive. For example, a ton of M500 cement can be bought for 3000-4000 rubles, 20 kg bags of slaked lime - 170 rubles each, perlite (grades M75 or M100) - approximately 1500-2000 rubles. per cubic meter If the amount of work is large and the budget for implementation is limited, then it’s time to get creative. We offer you several recipes for making warm perlite plaster with your own hands.

• 1 part cement to 1 part sand and 4 parts perlite (calculated by volume) is mixed with water until the required consistency is obtained (thick sour cream);
• the proportions of cement and perlite by volume are 1 to 4. So, for 375 kg of cement you will need approximately 1 cubic meter of perlite sand. The mixture is mixed with 300 liters of water; PVA glue can be used as a plasticizing additive in a volume of 4-5 liters. The glue is mixed in water, to which a dry mixture of perlite and cement is subsequently added;
• the volumetric ratio of cement and perlite is 1 to 5. For 290 liters of water, use 4-4.5 liters of PVA, 300 kg of cement and a cube of perlite;
  - by volume: 1 portion of cement, 2 portions of sand and 3 portions of perlite. Can be used as a supplement liquid soap or PVA in an amount of no more than 1% by weight of cement;
• 270 liters of water will require a cube of perlite and 190 kg of cement;
• 1 volume of cement, 4 volumes of perlite, approximately 0.1% by weight of cement, PVA glue;
• the volume ratio of cement to perlite is in the range of 1:4÷1:8. The additive can be liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, PVA - up to 1% by weight of cement;
• pre-prepare the mixing solution (hereinafter referred to as RZ): dissolve the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in a measured volume of water in a volume of 0.5% of the expected volume of warm plaster, as well as plasticizers - 0.5% by weight of the subsequently added cement. All components are thoroughly mixed and the solution is allowed to settle until the viscosity of the CMC increases. Further variations are possible depending on what density the plaster needs to be obtained (bucket - 10 l). For example, for 12 liters of RZ add 12 liters of cement, 2 buckets of perlite, 2.5 buckets of sand (the density of the resulting solution is approximately 1500 kg per cubic meter). For the same volume of RP, 1.5 buckets of sand, 3 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of cement are poured - a mixture with a density of 1200 kg per cube is obtained. For 20 liters you can mix about 5 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of sand, 12 liters of cement - we get a solution with a density of about 800-900 kg per cubic meter

All these PVA and liquid soap can be replaced with superplasticizers, for example, from Poliplast. This component is very important, because it determines the behavior of the solution and the mixture’s need for the volume of mixing water.

You must understand that any recipes are given for guidance only. To achieve success, you will have to experiment with the ratio of components and test the resulting solutions in operation. And only after the mixture is ideal for your finishing conditions, you can mix large volumes. Special attention Pay attention to the water absorption capacity of thermal insulation components. They actively retain moisture, which, if there is a lack of mixing water, can affect the technology of hardening the cement mixture.

Finally

If you do not perceive warm plaster as the only solution for insulating a residential building, but only as an opportunity to bring the thermal characteristics of the building to the required values, then the result will not be long in coming. Using such a solution, you can simultaneously level the base and give it new properties. And don’t be afraid to experiment with making your own plaster – it will cost less than buying ready-made mixtures!

Despite the emergence of a sufficient number of gypsum analogues, cement plaster mixture remains one of the most popular materials for interior and exterior finishing. With a lot of advantages cement-sand plaster high thermal conductivity, based on the minimum number of air pores in the solidified mass. A variety called warm plaster has lower thermal conductivity and is resistant to cracking, so it is considered the best option for those who want to level the walls and insulate them at the same time. Users of the FORUMHOUSE portal actively use plasters with reduced thermal conductivity and share their experience with everyone.

Concept

A typical plaster mixture - cement binder and sand, gives a coating with a density of about 1800 kg/mᶟ and a thermal conductivity of about 1.2 W/(m*C). Warm plaster (WP) consists of a cement binder and filler, which forms air pores in the monolith, reducing density and thermal conductivity. If cement is usually used as a binder, then there is a wide choice of fillers:

• Perlite is obsidian hydroxide, formed when lava hardened on the ground comes into contact with water. The nuclei resulting from hydration resemble rounded pearls - pearls, for which the breed got its name. It is characterized by high porosity (up to 40%) and the ability to absorb liquid in quantities exceeding its own weight (up to 400%). To prepare plaster, expanded perlite (perlite sand) is usually used - small granules of a white or light gray hue.

• Vermiculite is one of the minerals of the hydromica group, which is small layered flakes of brown-golden color. Like perlite, when heated it can swell, filling with air. In this form it is used in various industries, including construction, for the preparation of lightweight concrete and warm plaster mixtures.

• Expanded clay chips - produced from special types of low-melting clays, by firing in rotating at a certain angle melting furnaces. This is a fine fraction with a granule size of up to 5 mm, sometimes called expanded clay sand. It is characterized by lightness, airiness, minimal thermal conductivity and the round shape of the granules.

• Sawdust is a waste product from the wood industry; small fractions are used for plasters, providing porosity to the composition, but not disturbing its structure and maintaining the homogeneity of the mass.

• EPS - expanded polystyrene granules are used not only for the manufacture of slab or bulk insulation, but also as a binder in ready-made or home-made plaster mixtures. If perlite and vermiculite are natural substances, EPS is the result of the chemical industry and is inferior to its natural “colleagues” in durability, biological and fire resistance. However, it copes with its assigned functions quite well - it makes the plaster porous and reduces its thermal conductivity.

In addition to the binder, filler and liquid, various modifiers are added to the plaster - to increase the elasticity of the mixture, to increase the service life, to prevent the formation of cracks during drying. Manufacturers of dry mixes add various branded water repellents and plasticizers. When preparing homemade plaster, microfiber, ready-made modifiers sold in construction stores, and various detergents(liquid soap, dishwashing liquid) or PVA glue.

The coating obtained by applying warm plaster composition, is not inferior to traditional cement-sand analogs in terms of adhesion to the base (adheres well to the wall) and strength.

Any finish can be applied to it decorative coating. This article will help you choose the right one. At the same time, it has low thermal conductivity - on average, 0.13 - 0.9 W/(m*C), and a density from 200 to 800 kg/mᶟ (depending on the filler). When using warm plaster, the load on the base is significantly reduced, and it is easier to work with the solution - per 1 m² of wall you will need to “master” less weight of the material at all stages.

Private developers use both the most affordable TS - based on sawdust, as well as perlite or with PPS granules. Vermiculite compositions are rare due to the high cost of the filler - it is several times more expensive than perlite. And not every craftsman who has chosen a warm variety as plaster can make friends with ready-made mixtures from well-known brands. This is explained, again, by cost - buying a ready-made dry mixture will raise the price for square meter two to three times. If you buy components separately, these indicators are reduced to a level accessible to almost everyone interested. Calculations from our users confirm the theory.

Sektor FORUMHOUSE Member

The price of factory-made warm plaster is astronomical, compared to a homemade mixture. There are approximately 25 bags per 1 mᶟ, weighing 23 kg each (for example, take BIRSST T-2). It turns out that a cube, or 575 kg, will cost 15,825 rubles. Material consumption: 7 - 8 kg of dry mixture per 1 m² - with a solution layer thickness of 10 mm, with a thickness of 4 cm, we get approximately 19 m², or 833 rubles per square.

How much a square of homemade mixture will cost is also calculated based on my own experience.

Yura52 Member of FORUMHOUSE

For 5 m² of 1.5 cm thick plaster it takes a bag of cement, three bags of perlite and a plasticizer, if C3, then inexpensive. Total, approximately 500 rubles - 100 rubles per square. When the layer is increased to 3-4 cm, it still turns out much cheaper than the factory one.

In many ways, the choice between a purchased compound and a home-made one depends on the expected volume of work - a room of several dozen square meters can be plastered with a factory-made mixture, the difference is noticeable, but not fundamental. When we are talking about hundreds of square meters or tens of cubic meters, the savings cover both the time spent on experiments with proportions and any other costs.

Preparation of the solution

Typical cement to perlite ratios range from 1/3 to 1/7.

Such a large spread is explained by the versatility of the mixture - it is used for interior and exterior decoration of the most different reasons. The ability for adhesion and other physical and technical characteristics of surfaces differ, and such parameters as humidity and temperature in each specific case- ours. The skill of the performer also plays a role: if a pro is able to work out almost any batch, then a beginner, faced with a complex consistency, will most likely “screw up” the solution.

In addition to perlite, sand, lime, and microfiber can be added to the mix to increase the strength of the resulting surface and reduce the likelihood of cracking. When using a ready-made plasticizer, the proportions are maintained according to the instructions; if PVA is used, for each liter of mixing liquid - 50 ml of glue. To prevent the solution from flowing over the surface, its consistency should resemble thick sour cream. Achieving ideal proportions only based on standard recipes is almost impossible. Adhering to the basic recommendations, you will have to try different “variations on a theme” until you find the most suitable one for a particular situation.

Motorist believes that to obtain warm plaster it is enough to simply replace the proportion of sand, in whole or in part, with perlite. Using the example of his friend, he was convinced of the effectiveness of a solution consisting of part cement, two parts sand and two perlite; the friend did not use foaming agents; the plaster lay down normally and holds up perfectly. The only difference between a regular and warm solution is that the latter needs to be mixed dryer; after a few minutes, the filler will release the absorbed moisture and the consistency will be “what the doctor ordered.”

Village and people Member of FORUMHOUSE

I did the plastering 2 years ago, we don’t live in the house yet, nothing is cracked, there is no heating in winter. The ratio of perlite M-75 and cement M 500 by volume was 7:1, plus fiberglass (about 10-12), plus foaming agent Tsemaplast (lime substitute). Fiber fiber was thrown according to the volume according to the instructions, and cemaplast - in proportion to the cement.

Samurai Jack I chose warm plaster and decided to do it myself, experimentally selecting a composition suitable for my conditions. The ratio of cement and perlite ranges from 1/4 to 1/8 by volume, slaked lime is required at the rate of 0.5 parts by weight of cement. Also adding polypropylene fiber to the plaster, but only polypropylene, since glass fiber is in alkaline environment cement is destroyed. Dishwashing detergents performed well as a foaming agent - approximately 0.1% of the weight of cement.

Sector in practice I received the following costs:

• Perlite – 60 liter bag;
• Cement – ​​19 kg;
• Water – 19 liters;
• Fiber - according to instructions.

Among the three perlite fractions sold, Sektor advises taking medium-sized granules (pictured in the center).

The solution is mixed in a concrete mixer or manually, but using a construction mixer, the dry components are mixed together, fiber and liquid additives are mixed into water. The resulting liquid is added to the dry mixture and mixed until smooth. After solidification, the solution forms a large number of air pores

Application

Working with a solution based on perlite is practically no different from the technology of plastering CPS - the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, if necessary, primed with deep penetration impregnations, and moistened before applying the solution. It is not recommended to try to sketch and completely level a layer more than 1.5-2 cm thick in one approach. It is better to divide the process into two stages, first sketching a rough layer, strengthening the beacons on it, and then sketching the finishing layer and leveling it along the beacons.

Warm plaster for interior work is a relatively new construction material, which simultaneously performs three functions: levels and decorates walls, and also provides comfortable temperature indoors. Some types of this material also have soundproofing properties.

Most often, heat-insulating plaster for interior work consists of the following substances:

1. Fillers. They can be very diverse: from sawdust to foamed polystyrene.
2. Binding component. The most commonly used cement is grade 400 or 500. Gypsum and slaked lime also used, but extremely rarely.
3. Additional components. Used to increase viscosity, plasticity and water-repellent properties.

Types of material

Basic performance characteristics plasters depend on the type of filler:

• Expanded polystyrene. It has the same level of thermal insulation as polystyrene foam. In addition, its cost is relatively low. But the material is flammable and releases harmful substances when burned.
• Sawdust. This is the most cheap material, which is considered environmentally friendly. The level of thermal insulation is low, but you can use it to make warm plasters yourself.
• Perlite. This material is obtained from a natural substance – volcanic glass. The substance is treated at high temperatures, as a result of which it acquires a porous structure. Perlite is resistant to temperature changes and pathogens, it is easy to process and lay, but at the same time it absorbs moisture well.
• Vermiculite. It is made from mica. The main advantages are fire safety, mechanical strength and biological safety. But just like the previous material, vermiculite has a high level of hygroscopicity.
• Foam glass. It is made from quartz sand. Compared to the above materials, foam glass loses in terms of thermal insulation. But it can be used for finishing wet rooms.

Advantages and disadvantages

Insulating plaster has the following positive aspects:

1. High level of thermal insulation. Plaster layer 5 cm has the same thermal insulation value as two rows of bricks.
2. Good level of sound insulation.
3. Fire safety. Most materials used for insulation are non-flammable. The exception is foamed polystyrene, but it is not very popular.
4. Relatively light weight. This type finishing material lighter than most ordinary plasters, so there will be no unnecessary impact on the walls and foundation of the house.
5. Adhesion. Warm plaster mixtures have good adhesion to most building materials.
6. Environmental friendliness. In most cases, substances of natural origin are used to produce this material.
7. Ease of installation. This plaster is applied thin layer, so installation of reinforcing mesh is not required.

The main disadvantage is the fact that warm plaster is slightly inferior to standard insulation in terms of thermal conductivity. In addition, the mixtures are quite expensive.

Brief overview of factory-produced plasters

Knauf Grűnband. The plasters of this brand are considered the highest quality and most popular in the world. modern market. This material is produced on the basis of cement, and the filler is polystyrene foam with a fraction of about 1.5 mm. In addition, the composition contains additional components that increase the performance characteristics of the finished coatings. After drying, the plaster is not afraid of water and has a structural coating. The thermal conductivity of the mixture is 0.55 W/m°C. Minimum thickness layer – 10 mm, maximum – 30 mm. The material can be applied manually or using a machine. Supplied in 25 kg bags, the average consumption is 12 kg per square meter with a layer of 10 mm.

AuBenputzPerlit FS-402. Light plaster based on Portland cement, to which perlite is added. The mixture was developed specifically for finishing surfaces made of cellular concrete, but it can be used to treat any surfaces, including old plaster. Insulated surfaces do not have the highest thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.16 W/m°C. The filler fraction does not exceed 0.6 mm, resulting in the formation textured coating, requiring further decoration. The maximum layer is 50 mm, and the consumption is 10 kg per square meter with a layer of 10 mm.

AuBenputzPerlit FS-402 – thermal insulation composition with perlite filler

Unis Teplon. Quite a popular material that is intended exclusively for internal surfaces. It is made from gypsum and perlite. The maximum layer without the use of reinforcing mesh is 50 mm, with mesh – 70 mm. After drying, a coating is obtained that does not need to be subjected to further finishing. The mixture comes in two versions: gray and white. It can be used to prepare the base for wallpaper or paint. Thermal conductivity of plaster is 0.23 W/m°C. The material is packaged in bags of 5, 15 and 25 kg, consumption is 8 kg per square meter.

De Luxe Teplolux. Warm plaster based on cement with the addition of foam glass with a fraction of 3 mm. After drying, the surface requires further finishing. The recommended layer is 40 mm, it will dry in 28 days. The mixtures are packaged in 12 kg bags, consumption is approximately 5 kg per square meter.

Paladium Palaplaster-207. The main advantage of this material is its high level of sound absorption. It is made of cement and foam glass. Typically, plaster is used to create rough surfaces for wallpapering or painting. The solution dries quite quickly: 2-3 days. Consumption is only 4 kg per square meter, and it is supplied in 12 kg bags.

Umka UB-21 TM. This material was specially developed for conditions cold winter– it can withstand 35 freeze/defrost cycles. It is produced on the basis of cement and lime, to which foam glass granules are added. After drying, the plaster requires further finishing. The uniqueness of the material lies in the fact that if a reinforcing mesh is used, the layer of material can reach up to 100 mm. The plaster is supplied in 7 kg bags, and the consumption is 3.5 kg per square meter.

Umka UB-21 TM – plaster with foam glass filler

ThermoUm. Can be used for interior and exterior work. The material dries for at least 28 days, after which you can begin finishing it. After drying, the coating gains the ability to absorb moisture accumulated near the wall itself and release it into the air, which ensures a long service life of the surfaces. The mixtures are supplied in 7 kg bags, and the consumption is only 3 kg per square meter.

On a note! You should not make a conclusion about purchasing a certain type of plaster based only on consumption or cost indicators. The lower the consumption, the more expensive each kilogram of dry mixture will be, so it is better to make a full calculation in advance and decide on the budget.

How to prepare plaster with your own hands

Prices ready-made compositions are quite high, and if you look at the cost of the individual components, the idea arises of making the mixture yourself. It is only important to remember that inaccuracies in the production process can significantly affect the quality of the finished coating. Do-it-yourself warm plaster is prepared according to several recipes.

The first version of the solution is 1 part cement, 1 part regular construction sand, 4 parts perlite. All calculations are carried out based on the volume, not the mass of materials. You will also need water, but it is almost impossible to name its exact amount. The result should be a mixture with the consistency of thick sour cream. In some cases, the proportions change, for example, 1 part cement, 1 part sand and 5 parts perlite, as well as 1:2:3, respectively. It is also permissible to add PVA glue, but not more than 1% of the total mass of the solution.

Most often, polystyrene foam or perlite is used for homemade warm plaster.

The second option involves the presence of plasticizers. You can insulate with such compounds internal surfaces any type. To make this plaster, first of all, prepare a special solution. Carboxymethylcellulose, as well as plasticizers, the total amount of which should not exceed 1%, are dissolved in a small amount of water. All this must be thoroughly mixed and the solution allowed to brew. Then 1 part of the solution is mixed with 1 part of cement, 2 parts of perlite and 2 parts of sand are added. Mix thoroughly until a homogeneous material with the consistency of thick sour cream is obtained, after which it should be immediately used for its intended purpose.

You should know! The above recipes are approximate. The exact proportions depend on the quality of the materials used to make the plaster, the accuracy of the measurements, the composition of the water, and so on. All this can be controlled in a factory environment, but not at home. Therefore, you need to be prepared for the fact that the ideal formula will have to be derived by trial and error.

Warm plasters are a good option for those who want to stop using standard insulation and at the same time decorate their home. Such compositions are not cheap, but you can save a lot if you prepare everything yourself.