home · Networks · Interesting words in Russian. We present the most entertaining and unexpected facts that you probably didn’t know.

Interesting words in Russian. We present the most entertaining and unexpected facts that you probably didn’t know.


Russian Language Day is a Russian and international public holiday. It is celebrated today, June 6th. VK Press has collected eight for you interesting facts about the Russian language, which is considered one of the most difficult to learn.

Fact No. 1. Words starting with “Y”

When you are asked to remember some words starting with the letter “Y”, you will agree that yogi with yogurt and Yoshkar-Ola most often come to mind. But this is not all that the language has to offer. It turns out that there are more than 70 words starting with “Y”. From simple ones: iota, Yorkshire, yeti, yon to more complex ones: yodargyrite, yogachary, Yohimbine.

Fact No. 2. The longest words in the Russian language

For example, the word “tetrahydropyranylcyclopentyltetrahydropyridopyridine”. It means Chemical substance. Do you agree that difficulties begin closer to the middle?
But we will pay attention to words that are closer and clearer in meaning, and we will leave the 55-letter articulation strength tester alone.
Already the adjective “overly considerate” contains 35 letters. By the way, it was once registered in the Guinness Book of Records as the longest Russian word.
It is believed that the longest verbs are “re-examine”, “substantialize” and “internationalize”. Each of them has 24 letters, and when they form forms with -ing and -having, then they already have 25 letters.
Among the nouns we can name “misanthropy” and “excellency”, which have 24 letters each.

Fact No. 3. Untranslatable words and phrases of the Russian language

There are several words in our language that are very difficult to find analogues in other languages. These are, first of all, our mysterious “maybe”, “I suppose”, “somehow”, which are very difficult for foreigners to understand. Secondly, “melancholy,” for which it is extremely difficult to even find a synonym, because it will not be able to fully convey this state.
Among the phrases that can confuse foreign guests are traditionally “No, probably not”, “Come on, see you tomorrow!”, “Good riddance”, “You can’t get around to looking”.

Fact No. 4. “Win ​​or win?”

If the verb does not have any form, then the so-called laws of euphony come into force. For example, very often a question arises with the verb “win”. If he “wins” and you “win”, then what remains for me? Will I “win” or “will I win?” Philologists encourage the use of options such as “I will win” or “I will become a winner.” Such verbs are called insufficient; they do not have a 1st person form. singular. This also includes “to dare”, “to blow”, “to convince”, “to find oneself” and others.

Fact No. 5. Seven times "0" and three "E" in a row"

There is a word in our language in which the letter “O” appears as many as seven times - this is “defensiveness”. And we will find three letters “E” in a row only in the words “snake eater” and “long-necked”.

Fact No. 6. One root for two

In ancient Russian literature you can often find that the word “bee” is written as “bchela”; such an alternation of vowels ъ/ы can be explained by the origin of the sounds from one Indo-European sound u. The dialectal verb “buchat” means “roar”, “buzz”, “buzz” and is etymologically related to the words “bee”, “bug” and “bull”. Then it becomes clear what it was like general meaning of these words.

Fact No. 7. Eight mistakes in two letters

It turns out that there are cases where eight mistakes were made in a two-letter word. We are talking about the Russian word “shchi”. When Catherine the Great was still the German Princess Sophia, she once wrote it like this: “schtschi.” Everything here is written wrong.

Fact No. 8. Addressing people in Russian

The word “comrade”, previously necessary to address a person, is no longer used in our language, except in special circumstances. “Ladies and gentlemen” does not always sound appropriate, and the addresses “man” and “woman” are sometimes even rude, and not everyone can be called a “friend.” Therefore, the most appropriate treatment is usually selected for each individual situation.
Anna ANDRIYANENKO.

Guys, we put our soul into the site. Thank you for that
that you are discovering this beauty. Thanks for the inspiration and goosebumps.
Join us on Facebook And In contact with

Suddenly: words bull And bee- single-rooted. Words starting with letter Y, in our language there are as many as 74. And the Guinness Book of Records records a word 35 letters long.

website never ceases to be amazed by the complexity and richness of the Russian language and presents 20 entertaining and unexpected facts that you probably didn’t know:

  • Most words with a letter F in Russian - borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” there was only one word with this letter - fleet.
  • There are only 74 words in the Russian language that begin with the letter Y. But most of us only remember iodine, yoga And Yoshkar-Olu.
  • In Russian there are words in Y. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyyol.
  • The only words in Russian with three letters E in a row - this is long-necked(and others on - neck: For example, crooked-, short-).
  • There is a word in the Russian language with a prefix unique to the language co- - nook.
  • The only word in the Russian language that has no root is take out. It is believed that in this word there is a so-called zero root, alternating with the root - them- (take it out). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in remove, hug, understand(cf. remove, hug, understand), however subsequently the root - nya- was reinterpreted as a suffix - Well- (how in stick, blow).
  • The only one-syllable adjective in Russian is wicked.
  • The Russian language has words with prefixes unique to the language. And- (total, total) And A- (maybe; outdated "I'll be unlucky"), formed from unions And And A.
  • Words bull And bee- single-rooted. In the works of ancient Russian literature the word bee written as bchela. Vowel alternation ъ / s explained by the origin of both sounds from one Indo-European sound u. If you remember the dialect verb rumble, meaning “roar”, “buzz”, “buzz” and etymologically related to the words bee, bug And bull, then it becomes clear what the general meaning of these words was.
  • Dahl suggested replacing foreign word atmosphere into Russian colosemica or world face.
  • Until the 14th century in Rus', all indecent words were called “absurd verbs.”
  • In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, the longest word in the Russian language was named X-ray electrocardiographic, in the 2003 edition - overly considerate.
  • In the 2003 edition of the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, the longest (in letters) common noun lexeme in dictionary form is an adjective private enterprise. Consists of 25 letters.
  • The longest verbs are re-examine, become substantialized And internationalize(all - 24 letters; word forms -worrying And -having- 25 letters each).
  • Longest nouns - misanthropy And Excellency(24 letters each; word forms -ami- 26 letters each, however, misanthropy practically not used in plurals. h.).
  • The longest animate nouns - eleventh grader And clerk(21 letters each, word forms -ami- 23 letters each).
  • The longest adverb recorded in the dictionary is unsatisfactory(19 letters). However, we must take into account that the vast majority of qualitative adjectives th / -th adverbs are formed on -O / -e, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.
  • The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is physical education - hi(15 or 14 letters depending on hyphen status).
  • Word respectively is the longest preposition. It consists of 14 letters. Longest particle exclusively- a letter shorter.
  • In Russian there are so-called insufficient verbs. Sometimes a verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: win. He will win, you will win, I will... I'll win? I'll run? I'll win? Philologists suggest using substitute constructions "I will win" or "I'll be a winner". Since there is no 1st person singular form, the verb is "insufficient".
  • To successfully master the difficult phrase “I love you,” the British use the mnemonic “yellow-blue bus.”

“Exactly this" – This phrase is often repeated by lazy people who, at the first opportunity, will dump their responsibilities on someone else. IN difficult situations, such people often avoid punishment by shifting responsibility to someone else.

“Actually" – a word, again, of the unsure. The peculiarity of these people is the ability to throw a scandal for any reason.

“Briefly speaking" – the lot of nervous, always in a hurry people. Most often, “in short” is found in the speech of hot-tempered choleric people.

“In fact" – say interlocutors who put their opinions first. They are ready to prove that they are right until they foam at the mouth. They like to read notations, they consider their inner world bright and unique.

"So", "kind of" – used by people prone to aggression, as well as conservatives.

"Just" – often occurs in the conversation of a person dependent on the opinions of others. Such people like to look for problems out of nowhere, are afraid of responsibility, and often make excuses..

“As if" – word of teenagers and creative people who unconsciously emphasize the uncertainty of life.

Neither fish nor meat, [neither caftan nor cassock].
They ate the dog, [choked on the tail].
Uma ward, [yes the key is lost].
Two boots in a pair, [both left].
At least the fool has a lot of fun, [he puts two of his own].
The hand washes the hand, [and they both itch].






If you chase two hares, you won’t catch a single [boar].
Whoever remembers the old is out of sight [and whoever forgets is both].


The young people scold and are amused [and the old people scold and get angry].










My tongue is my enemy [it prowls before the mind, seeks trouble].

The population of Russia speaks dialects. There are three of them in the country: the Central Russian dialect (Pskov, Tver, Moscow, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Nizhny Novgorod regions), the northern dialect and the southern dialect.

44% of the country's settlements have duplicate names. Most of them are formed from personal names: Aleksandrovka, Mikhailovka and Ivanovka.

The longest names of places of residence in Russia: Staronizhesteblievskaya, Verkhnenovokutlumbetyevo and Starokozmodemyanovskoye.

46 settlements are named with a 2-letter word. For example, the village of Yb in the Komi Republic.

Most names begin with the letter "K". About 80,000 place names.

The most positive names of the villages can be recognized as the villages of Khokhotuy and Dobrye Pchely.

Developing richness of speech

11 facts about letters

***
There are currently 65 different alphabets in use around the world. The richest of them is Khmer, it has 72 letters, and the most economical is the alphabet of one of the languages ​​of Papua New Guinea, which only needs 11 letters.

***
The alphabet was invented by the Phoenicians, and the Greeks came up with the idea of ​​introducing vowels into it. The last major improvement to the alphabet was developed by Roman scribes in the 4th century AD: they separated uppercase and lowercase letters.

***
The oldest letter is "O". It was already in the Phoenician alphabet about 3300 years ago and has not changed at all since then.

***
The most common vowel sound in the world's languages ​​is “A”. There is no language that does not have such a sound. It is even found in Abkhazian, where there are only two vowels - “a” and “e”, and in Ubykh, where “a” is the only vowel.

***
I’m afraid that you won’t find truly Russian words that end with the sound “E”: mufflers and pince-nez are French words.

***
In Russian, the letter “Y” never appears at the beginning of a word. But the Turks simply adore her. Our word for “cabinet” in Turkey sounds like “ishkaf”. Iraq is called "Yrak" in Turkey.

***
Also, oddly enough, the Russian language almost does not tolerate words beginning with the sound and letter “a”. Take " Dictionary Russian language": quite a lot of words starting with "a", but almost every one indicates that this word came to us (often together with the object that it denotes) from another language.

***
We notice the same thing, however, in other languages. For example, in the French language there are almost no proper words that begin with the letters “x, y, z”.

***
Linguists will tell you that in the Russian language there was a vowel sound, something between “e” and “i”; the letter “Yat” was used to denote it in writing. However, in the 19th century, not a single Russian could, no matter how hard he tried, notice such a subtle difference by ear, and spelling turned into a nightmare for schoolchildren. In the end, "yat" was abolished.

***
Open the volume of Pushkin: in most of his poems you will not find the letter “F”, in “The Tale of the Priest”, and among the 30,000 letters of “Poltava” there are only three “f”. Viewing any good dictionary Russian language, you will find in it literally a dozen or two words with “f” that are found only in Russian speech. Moreover, these will be the words “snort”, “fuck”, “falya”, “fufaney” and “figli-migli”.

***
Letter " solid sign"or as he was previously called "er", now behaves quietly and meekly. But until recently, schoolchildren learning to read and write suffered terrible misfortunes from this letter. Before 1917, in the phrase “Then they wrote about the firm sign with anger and indignation...” it would have been necessary to put 4 “eras.” In the 1897 edition of War and Peace, there are 54-55 solid characters on each page. That's 70-odd useless pages! If you count all the books, it turns out that in Tsarist Russia About eight and a half million pages were printed annually, covered from top to bottom only with solid characters.

10 facts about the Russian language

I would learn Russian just for this...
That no one really knows him

    Russian is the native language of 170 million people, and a second language for 114 million. The total number of carriers is about 300 million.

    Russian is one of the five most translated languages ​​in the world.

    Russian is the most widely spoken language Slavic languages and the most numerous language in Europe (both geographically and in terms of the number of native speakers).

    Russian is the international space language: its study is mandatory for astronauts going to the International Space Station.

    Russian is one of the working languages ​​of the UN.

    The Russian language had two more names besides the modern one: Russian and Great Russian.

    The Russian language served as the basis for many mixed and derivative languages.

    Almost all words in the Russian language starting with the letter “a” are borrowed.

    Almost all words in the Russian language with the letter “f” are also borrowed.

    Many words that we often use in speech were invented by writers.

10 facts about words

“Express immortal things with mortal words.”
Lucretius

    Words bull And bee - single-rooted. The fact is that in the works of ancient Russian literature the word bee was written as “bychela”. The alternation of vowels ъ/ы is explained by the origin of both sounds from one Indo-European sound U. If we recall the dialect verb to buchachat, which has the meaning of “roar, hum, buzz” and is etymologically related to the words bee, bug and bull, then it becomes clear what the general meaning of these nouns - producing a specific sound.

    Words rocket And racket are not etymologically related. “Rocket” appeared in the Russian language under Peter I from German, and in German, in turn, from the Italian “roсchetta”, which means “spindle”. This is explained by the fact that the firecracker rockets resembled a spindle. appearance. But the “racket” came from the French language, where it was borrowed from the Arabic “rāħat” - “palm”.

    Words lock (in the meaning of structure) and lock (in the meaning of device) are homonyms in the Russian language for a reason. These words came to us through the Polish and Czech languages ​​by lexical calque from German, where both “castle” and “castle” are pronounced the same way - “Schloß”. The German word, in turn, is calqued from the Latin “clūsa”. This homonymy arose due to the fact that a castle at a key geographical point “blocks” the passage of enemy troops deep into its territory.

    Word mediocre today it is mainly used to mean “mediocre”, having no talent. However, it is based on the Turkic word “talan”, which means “happiness, prey”. Thus, the word “talentless” in the original simply meant “unlucky” and initially had nothing to do with talent, and the modern meaning arose due to confusion and confusion with the word untalented .

    In various sources you can find different variants the longest word in the Russian language. For example, in the Guinness Book of Records this word is - overly considerate , and in the spelling dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences - water-mud-peat-paraffin treatment .

    Words souffle And prompter have little in common in meaning, but both come from the French “souffle” (exhale, blow). The soufflé is so named because it is light and airy, and the prompter is so named because it must prompt the actors very quietly.

    Word umbrella appeared in Russian from Dutch in exactly this form. Only later it was perceived by the people as a diminutive, and they began to use the word for large umbrellas umbrella .

    There are words in the Russian language that start with “y”. These are the names of Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyyol .

    Word a week , it turns out, was formed on the basis of the phrase not to do, and initially “week” meant “day of rest.”

    The only words in Russian with three letters "e" in a row are long-necked (and others on the neck, for example, crooked, short) and snake eater .

The word "accordingly" is both the longest preposition and the longest conjunction

The longest verbs are to re-examine, to substantiate and to internationalize

The longest adjective with a hyphen is agricultural-engineering

The longest nouns with a hyphen are uprooter-bulldozer-loader and animate-inanimate.

The longest noun without a hyphen is water-mud-peat-paraffin treatment.

Longest adjective without a hyphen – electrophotosemiconductor

The longest word consists of 1913 letters (this is the name chemical compound). The Guinness Book of Records considers the longest Russian word to be “X-ray electrocardiographic”. There is about 9 centimeters between its first and last letters, typed in 10 point size.

The longest name of the plant is Hiddenbell (single-headed).

The longest abbreviation in Russia consists of 55 characters. NIIOMTPLABOPARMBETZHELBETRABSBORMONIMONKONOTDTECHSTROYMONT.
Stands for: “Research laboratory for operations on concrete reinforcement and reinforced concrete works for the construction of prefabricated monolithic and monolithic structures Department of Technology of Construction and Installation Management of the Academy of Construction and Architecture of the USSR"

The longest name of an institution in our country for a long time was: “Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Medical Police, Medical Statistics, Study of Episodic Diseases and Veterinary Police.” Now the department has been disbanded, the name has been changed.

Why are the days of the week called like that?

Before you understand why the days of the week are called that way, you must first understand that Old Slavonic language(and among many Slavic peoples to this day) the word “week” had a different meaning from modern meaning. This is what they called the last day of the week (analogous to the modern week), a day off when they “didn’t do anything.” Hence, in fact, its name - “week”


Monday
Being the first day of the week, Monday retains the Old Slavonic meaning of “week” in its name. This is the day that comes after the week (Sunday) - Monday.

Tuesday
The word “second” is already clearly visible in the name of Tuesday, which is quite logical. The second day of the week or the second day after the week - both meanings are equivalent and correct.

Wednesday
The name of the environment comes from the word “middle”. Despite the apparent absurdity - after all, the “average” day of the week is the fourth, not the third - there is an explanation for this. The thing is that, according to religious customs, Sunday is considered the first day of the week (in many countries this tradition is preserved to this day, just remember America and England).

Thursday and Friday
And again everything is clear - the name comes from the word “four”, the fourth day of the week. The same applies to Friday, whose name comes from the word “five”.

Saturday
The name of the Sabbath day comes from the Hebrew word “Sabbath” (“Shabbat” means “rest”, “rest from work”). Indeed, the Jewish religion has always considered Saturday to be a day of rest.

Sunday
It is not difficult to guess that the name of the seventh day of the week is associated with a great event - the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. That is why, with the introduction of Christianity, the Old Russian name last day week was changed to "Sunday". And the word “week” has since been used only in a new meaning, replacing the Old Russian week.

Interesting facts about letters in pictures

Interesting article about knowledge of the Russian language

Do you respect native language? Read to the end!


The number of books read gradually turns into the quality of writing. Actively reading children discover by fifth grade that they don't need to know rules to write correctly. Others wade through Russian grammar, cursing its confusion and inconsistency.

Grammar should be taught at school. Then it's too late.
What can you talk about with a person who, having a matriculation certificate in hand, writes “try”, “theirs” and “girl”? Who makes mistakes in “–tsya” and “–tsya”? What, other than blatant stupidity, prevents him, having written a verb, from mentally asking himself the question “what to do?” or “what does it do”?

At least until the writer clearly understands how a complex sentence differs from a complex sentence, a participle from an adjective, in which cases a comma is placed before “as,” why in some cases it is necessary to use a colon, and in others - a dash.

By the way, an ellipsis instead of a comma is not the author's punctuation. For example: “I’m sitting on the windowsill... and I see... that outside the window it’s raining... fine and nasty... as always in this city...”. This is an attempt by vanilla girls to pass off their insecure handling of punctuation as melancholy.

No, this is not snobbery, because language is not a thing, not personal quality, not a property, and certainly not a way to rise above others.

Language is another means of understanding the world, like sight or hearing.

Why do people who would never think of depriving themselves of their sight deliberately deprive themselves of their tongue?
Where does this “why write correctly, we’re not in an exam” come from?

Why, standing in front of the mirror in the morning, doesn’t anyone think “I’ll put on sweatpants, we’re not at a fashion show” or “I won’t brush my teeth, we’re not at a fresh breath competition”?...
Why do people who do not think of depriving themselves of their hearing calmly say “with a creaky heart”? Where did they hear the heart creaking?

It’s absurd to make the excuse “but I know physics, and you?”
Language is not a profession. This is a means of communication. For physicists, mathematicians, linguists, artists, miners, turners.
Perhaps the only reliable means of communication with the world.

126 rarest words in the Russian language

The list is strange in places, but still interesting

    Multifora is the most common file for documents

    Gap - threaten

    Junk-balam (or halam-balam) - “This is not halam-balam for you!”

    Kichkinka - baby, an appeal to a little girl - not Uzbek, but not Slavic either. From Uzbek “kichkintoy” - baby.

    Yeh-ay-yay - Nizhny Novgorod exclamation of surprise

    Kefirka - a girl trying to whiten her face sour milk(can be seen from patches of unevenly lightened skin, and they smear the face and neck, sometimes hands. The ears look amazing

    Dubai - a lady who came to earn money and was engaged in prostitution. Or dressing “like a Dubai woman” - bright, tasteless, with an abundance of rhinestones, gold and trinkets.

    Oud is a part of the body (a shameful oud is what is usually called an indecent word).

    A rag is a rag, rags are thick lace

    Chuni is a type of shoe. This is often the name for general shoes that are used to go out at night for minor needs.

    To make a mess is to drink alcohol.

    Catavasia is a tangle of everyday affairs or events.

    Galimovy (or golimy) - bad, low-quality, uninteresting

    Yokarny Babay - exclamation (eprst, hedgehog cat, e-moe, etc.), resentment at the current situation.

    Scoobut ​​- shave, cut hair.

    ShuflYadka (shuffleYada) - small drawer(V desk, wardrobe, chest of drawers, etc.)

    LETAS - last summer.

    KvitOk - receipt, bill, ticket, small piece of paper.

    ZanAdto - too, too much.

    Blah, blah - relaxation, reluctance to do anything, fatigue.

    To get dirty - to crack, to make holes.

    To scratch is to spoil.

    To be a coward is to run in small steps.

    Scabrous - vulgar

    Plod, trudge - walk slowly, not keep up with someone.

    Bukhich - alcoholic party.

    Overdressed - very brightly, dressed in a dirty manner.

    Khabalka is a rude, uneducated woman.

    Klusha - chicken woman (offensive)

    To whine is to hit.

    The jamb is a mistake.

    Spinogryz is a harmful child.

    Karga - crow, old woman.

    RundUk - porch.

    The basement is an attic.

    Blue ones are eggplants.

    Fisherman, catcher - fisherman.

    To snag is to lose.

    Panting - jostling in a crowd.

    Sardonic laughter - uncontrollable, convulsive, bilious, angry, sarcastic.

    Lapidity - brevity, conciseness, expressiveness of syllable, style.

    Algolagnia is sexual satisfaction experienced: - when pain is caused to a sexual partner (sadism); or - due to pain caused by a sexual partner (masochism).

    Sublimation is a process in which attraction (LIBIDO) moves to another goal, far from sexual satisfaction, and the energy of instincts is transformed into socially acceptable, morally approved.

    Lyalichnaya, lyalichnaya - something very childish.

    Buy up - make purchases.

    Transcendent - incomprehensible to human understanding

    Eschatology - ideas about the end of the world.

    An apologist is a Christian writer who defends Christianity from criticism.

    Flute - a vertical groove on a column.

    Anagogue is an allegorical explanation of biblical texts.

    Lucullus - feast.

    Aiguillettes are those plastic things at the end of the laces.

    Amikoshonism is an unceremonious, inappropriately familiar address under the guise of friendship.

    Honeymoon (honeymoon in English) - we believe that this is the first month of newlyweds, but in English language the word is broken down into "honey" and "moon". More likely English word“honeymoon” implies that the ordinary Moon, which in the American imagination is in the form of cheese, becomes honey.

    A money-grubber is a selfish, profit-seeking person. How many of them are there around us?

    To kick up (“he’s going to kick out”, “to kick out”, “don’t knock out”) - to bully, “to show off”, to show off.

    Drizzle, pAmorkha (emphasis on the first syllable) - drizzling rain in warm weather and sun.

    KoldyhAt (don't koldyhay) - to disturb something, to cause it to sway.

    Vekhotka, vihotka - sponge (rag, washcloth) for washing dishes, bodies, etc.

    Obscene (noun “obscenity”) - vulgar, shameless.

    Moody - stupid.

    Korchik, also known as a ladle, is a small saucepan with a long handle.

    Pastik - a refill for a fountain pen.

    Dealing for a share is the same as for free.

    To the top, upside down.

    KagalOm - all together.

    Fumbling around - fiddling around, not finding a place before falling asleep in bed.

    Kiss, kiss - kiss.

    Trandykha (tryndet) - a woman who is an empty talker (talk nonsense).

    Nonsense - verbal nonsense.

    Trichomudia are junk, man. genitals.

    To defecate - to defecate.

    Bundel (bundul) - large bottle, carboy

    Gamanok - wallet.

    Buza is dirt, thick.

    Shkandybat - trudge, walk.

    Take a stroll - walk, jog.

    Fat - invoice for payment.

    Let's go, let's go (let's go to the store).

    Exercise is an exercise. Exercise - do exercises, faire ses exercises

    A buffoon is a buffoon, a buffoon.

    Fat is a talker, a braggart.

    Skvalyga - stingy.

    Yoksel-moksel - used with feeling in moments of complete chaos.

    A mess is a mess.

    The chatterbox is a chatterbox.

    Mandibles are clumsy hands.

    Rinda is the queue.

    Polsh - the volume of a certain container.

    Maza - small (from Latvian Mazais).

    Nowadays - now.

    Apotheosis is the deification, glorification, exaltation of a person, event or phenomenon.

    To sneeze - to scold someone.

    Planter, mochilo - a small artificial pond near the garden.

    To scold - to scold.

    Epidersion is an accident, a surprise.

    Perdimonocle is an illogical unexpected conclusion.

    Set up - set up against.

    Skip - skip something.

    Insinuation (from Latin insinuatio, literally - insinuation) - slander.

    Hoarding = greed.

    SabAn = ladder with platform (used during wall painting or other construction work).

    SamAn = a dwelling made of reed bundles coated with clay.

    To sneeze is to scold.

    Check - mark each verified list item with a check mark.

    Mikhryutka is a nondescript, frail person.

    Dradedam - cloth (dradedam - a type of cloth) (the word is found in classical Russian literature).

    Expansion - expansion of borders, limits.

    De facto - in fact, in fact.

    De jure - legally, formally.

    A cutter is a cut piece of a product (from life).

    Loose - different books in one box at the reception in the store.

    Perzhnya is nonsense, a trifle.

    Checking is the same as jackaling.

    Herashka (vulg.) - something small and unpleasant, inorganic. origin.

    A navel is something small and pleasant (Nabokov).

    Pomuchtel (Chekist) - assistant for registering bodies.

    Triticale (bot.) - a hybrid of wheat and rye.

    Rampetka - a butterfly net (Nabokov).

    Shpak - any civilian(Kuprin).

    Bilboke - a toy (catch a ball on a string with a stick) (L. Tolstoy).

    Bibabo is a hand puppet, like Obraztsov’s.

    Nadys - the other day, recently, to spray, to brag, to brag.

    Otherwise - better.

    To stain - to stain.

    Mandibles are clumsy hands.

The center of the world

You often hear: “He considers himself the navel of the earth.” Where did the expression “navel of the earth” come from?


It should be noted that each nation determines the location of the navel of the earth in its own way.

The ancient Greeks believed that the navel was the center of the human body. According to legend, the father of the gods, Zeus, wanted to know where, in this case, the navel of the earth was located. He sent eagles from the two “ends of the world.” Flying at the same speed, the birds collided in the sky above the place where the city of Delphi later arose. It was he who began to be considered the center of the world.

According to Jews, for example, Palestine is in the center of the world, Jerusalem is in the center of Palestine, in Jerusalem there is a temple, and in the temple there is a stone, which is the navel of the earth. According to one version, the Lord closed the hole in the abyss of chaos for them.

And the inhabitants of Altai believe that the navel of the earth is somewhere in their mountains.

Names that became words

The stories of the appearance of certain words in the languages ​​of the world are always interesting and entertaining. Particularly impressive are words whose origin is associated with very real historical figures, be they writers, scientists, rich people or entrepreneurs who invented, rebelled, traveled, did charity work, in other words, did not leave the public indifferent, and therefore their names became household names.

Eponymous words , as etymologists call them, are common, but we don’t think about their existence or simply don’t know.

Boycott is named after the British manager in Ireland, Charles Boycott (1832–1897), whose land the Irish refused to cultivate and began a campaign to isolate Boycott from local society.

Cardigan - named after General James Thomas Brudnell, the seventh head of the County of Cardigan, who is credited with inventing this item of clothing for the purpose of insulating a uniform.

Chauvinism - Nicolas Chauvin, a semi-mythical French soldier, who pathetically and popularly expressed in his speeches his love for France and Napoleon Bonaparte in particular.

Whatman - white thick paper High Quality got its name in honor of the English paper manufacturer James Whatman, who in the mid-1750s introduced a new paper form that made it possible to obtain sheets of paper without traces of the grid.

Breeches - the name of the trousers is given by the name of the French general Gaston Breeches (1830–1909), who introduced them for cavalrymen. Later, riding breeches were borrowed by other armies, and even later they entered men's and women's fashion.

Guppy - English priest and scientist Robert John Lemcher Guppy, who in 1886 made a report to members of the Royal Society, in which he spoke about fish that do not spawn, but give birth to live young. After this he was laughed at.

Sweatshirt - this popular type of clothing was named after the great Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, although the writer himself wore a shirt of a slightly different cut.

Guillotine - an execution instrument named after the French doctor Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, who, although he did not invent it, in 1789 first proposed cutting off heads using this mechanism, which was considered “more humane.”

Tapestry - the word arose in France in the 17th century, when the royal Gobelin manufactory opened there, the products of which were very popular, and in some countries everything that was done using the technique of trellis weaving was called a tapestry.

Olivier - the famous salad received its name in honor of its creator, chef Lucien Olivier, who ran the Hermitage restaurant of Parisian cuisine in Moscow in the early 60s of the 19th century.

Begonia - named after the French nobleman Michel Begon (1638-1710), intendant of the French colonies in the Caribbean, who organized a scientific expedition to the Antilles to collect plants.

Masochism - the term comes from the name of the Austrian writer Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836–1895), in whose novels “The Divorced Woman” and “Venus in Fur” despotic women mocked weak men.

Maecenas - the name comes from the name of the Roman Gaius Cilnius Maecenas, who was a patron of the arts under Emperor Augustus.

Lovelace - Sir Robert Lovelace is a character in Samuel Richardson's 1748 novel Clarissa, in which a handsome aristocrat cunningly seduces the 16-year-old main character.

Saxophone - the instrument is named after Adolphe Sax (1814–1894), the Belgian inventor musical instruments. Sax died in poverty because there was no jazz then.

Sandwich - named for John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718–1792), a London minister and gambler who, according to legend, invented it while playing cribbage. The game had already lasted for several hours, and the minister had not found time to eat. John Montague asked to be served between two slices of bread. His fellow players liked this way of eating while playing and they also ordered sandwich bread.

Silhouette - Etienne de Silhouette (1709–1767) as Comptroller General of Finance in France under Louis XV imposed taxes external signs wealth (doors and windows, farms, luxury goods, servants, profits). He stayed in his post for only 8 months. His name is associated with “cheap painting” - instead of an expensive portrait, it is cheaper and faster to outline a person’s shadow.

Mausoleum - a funerary structure named after the magnificent tomb of the Carian king Mausolus in the city of Halicarnassus in the territory of modern Turkey. Attic - the word comes from the name of the 17th century French architect Attic, who invented cheap attic spaces. Mackintosh (cloak) - the name of a Scottish technologist who invented a method for make the fabric waterproof by impregnating it with a rubber solution.

Secrets of the Russian language

Famous phrases - full versions

Frequently used phrases and sayings, the second half of which is gradually “lost.” It is indicated by brackets.

(found on the Internet)

Grandmother [wondered] in two ways and said [either it will rain or it will snow, either it will happen or not].

Poverty is not a vice [but twice as bad].

Lucky as a [Saturday] drowned man [no need to heat the bathhouse].

A raven won’t peck out a crow’s eye [and it will peck it out and not pull it out].

It was smooth on paper [but they forgot about the ravines and walked along them].

Goal like a falcon [and sharp like an axe].

Hunger is not an auntie [she won’t bring you a pie].

The lip is not a fool [the tongue is not a shovel].

Two boots in a pair [yes, both are left].

Girlish shame - up to the threshold [crossed and forgot].

The master’s work is afraid [and another master of the work].

A spoon is on its way to dinner [and then at least for a bench].

At least the fool has a stake [he puts two of his own].

For a beaten person they give two unbeaten ones [but they don’t take too much].

If you chase two hares, you won’t catch a single [boar].

The hare's legs carry [the wolf's teeth feed, the fox's tail protects].

[And] time for business, [and] time for fun.

A mosquito will not knock down a horse [until the bear helps].

Whoever remembers the old is out of sight [and whoever forgets is both].

The hen pecks every grain [and the whole yard is covered in droppings].

Bad luck is the beginning [there is a hole, there will be a gap].

Young people scold and amuse themselves [and old people scold and get angry].

Don’t open your mouth to someone else’s loaf [get up early and start your own].

It’s not all Maslenitsa for the cat [there will be fasting].

The woodpecker is not sad that he cannot sing [the whole forest can hear him anyway].

A new broom sweeps in a new way [and when it breaks, it lies under the bench].

Alone in the field is not a warrior [but a traveler].

Horses die from work [and people grow stronger].

It's a double-edged sword [it hits here and there].

Repetition is the mother of learning [the consolation of fools].

Repetition is the mother of learning [and a refuge for the lazy].

The drunken sea is knee-deep [and the puddle is up to his ears].

Dust is a column, smoke is a rocker [but the hut is not heated, not swept].

Grow big, [yes] don’t be a noodle [stretch a mile, but don’t be simple].

A fisherman sees a fisherman from afar [that’s why he avoids them].

If you get along with a bee, you’ll get some honey [if you get in touch with a beetle, you’ll end up in manure].

Seven troubles - one answer [the eighth trouble is nowhere at all].

The dog lies in the hay [lies, does not eat itself and does not give it to the cattle].

An old horse will not spoil the furrows [and will not plow deeply].

If you drive more quietly, you will be further [from where you are going].

Fear has big eyes [but they don’t see anything].

Uma chamber [yes the key is lost].

Bread on the table - and the table is a throne [but not a piece of bread - and the table is a board].

Miracles in a sieve [there are many holes, but nowhere to jump out].

It's hidden [and the knot is here].

My tongue is my enemy [it prowls before the mind, seeks trouble].

Household brands - 1

Toilet

Many people mistakenly believe that the familiar word “toilet” is an abbreviation for “universal basin.” During Soviet times, toilets were supplied by Unitas (“Unity”), hence the name. The Spanish company Unitas has been producing toilets since 1909, including supplies to Russia. This fact is mentioned in Ushakov’s dictionary.

Sneakers

The word “sneakers” comes from the American shoe company “Keds”, founded in 1916. Lightweight athletic shoes, originally created only for sports, soon became everyday shoes for many people. The authors of the name “Sneakers” almost called them “Peds”, but thought better of it in time.

Hairdryer

Initially, these hair drying and styling products were produced only by FOEN. The first specialized device for drying hair, the progenitor of modern hair dryers, appeared in 1900 in Germany. The name “hairdryer”, which has entered many languages, is associated with the registered German brand Foen, and the word itself, “föhn”, means warm alpine wind.

Xerox

Electrographic copier. Xerox devices (pronounced “zIrex” in English) at one time dominated the market, displacing other copying technologies, and therefore its trademark became a household name for an entire class of devices. The word copier entered the Russian language in the 70s, when the first copying machines from the Xerox company appeared in the USSR. Xerox managed to eradicate the common noun “xerox” from the English language, replacing it with photocopier/photocopy. In Russia, the company is trying to pursue a similar policy under the slogan: “Xerox is Xerox. Xerox is not just a copier." There is, perhaps, the only country in the world where a copying machine is usually called not a copier, but a canon (Canon). This country, oddly enough, is Mongolia.

Jeep

Jeep is a term used in many countries to refer to off-road vehicles. IN last years Chrysler insists on the term SUV, despite the fact that the word "jeep" was originally a common noun in English (jargon derived from the abbreviation GP - general purpose, " general purpose") The word is derived from the abbreviation JP (JP) in the name of the car "Willys JP", produced by the Willys company during the Second World War.

Diapers

Trademark Procter & Gamble company. Disposable diapers with moisture-absorbing substance. “Pampers” refer to all diapers, not just products from P&G. Currently, the brand has replaced the word “diaper”; it has become rarely used.

Petrolatum

A petroleum refined product used in cosmetic production. Vaseline is a trademark of Unilever cosmetics (previously owned by the inventors of Vaseline, Chesebrough-Ponds).

Aspirin

Acetylsalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic medicine). Trademark of Bayer.

Jacuzzi

Hydromassage bath. The name comes from the North American company Jacuzzi Inc., which organized mass production. The company was founded in 1917 by an emigrant from Italy named Jacuzzi. It still exists today.

Scotch

The word is derived from the English Scotch tape - “Scottish tape” - a trademark of the 3M corporation adhesive roll tape. Formally, only 3M tapes can be called adhesive tape, since “Scotch” is a brand of this company. But in modern Russian the word has become a common noun and now in Russian-speaking countries it is called duct tape any type.

Band-Aid

Medical plaster for attaching bandages. From 1921 to 2003, the trademark belonged to Beiersdorf AG, and from 2003 to BSN medical GmbH.

Eskimo

Creamy ice cream on a stick covered with chocolate glaze. Invented in the first half of the 1920s.

Scuba

Lightweight breathing apparatus for underwater breathing. The Aqua-Lung trademark is now owned by the U.S. Divers.

Cologne

From the French brand “Eau de Cologne”, literally: Cologne water. Perfume products for men. It is a trademark owned by the heirs of Johann Farina.

Dictaphone

Speech recording device. Dictaphone has changed ownership many times throughout its history, and is now part of Nuance Communications.

Diplomat

A small suitcase made of hard material.

Cognac

A strong alcoholic drink, brandy, produced in the city of Cognac in France, later all brandy in the USSR began to be called cognac.

Gramophone

Portable compact gramophone from Pathé. Accordingly, the gramophone records for it bore the official name “Pathe disk”.


The Russian language has a rich history, and it is not surprising that Russian words, to which we have long been accustomed, actually once meant something completely different or were borrowed from other languages, and today we can only be amazed at how many interesting We don’t know the facts about Russian yet.

The most interesting facts about the Russian language:

1. You will be surprised, but in the Russian language there are still words starting with the letter “Y”. These are geographical names (Ytyk-kyyol, Ynakhsyt, Yllymakh, Ygyatta, Ynykchansky).

2. The word “negligence” does not come from the word “robe”, as many are accustomed to think, but from the word “khalad”, cold. That is, negligent attitude means cold.

3. Fun fact, that the word “doctor” was formed from the word “to lie,” but then this word had a slightly different meaning and meant “to speak, to know.”

4. Different sources provide different options for the most long words Russian language. However, in fact, the length of a Russian word is theoretically not limited at all due to the fact that, for example, the language has the prefix “pra” (great-great-great-grandfather, etc.) or due to the pronunciation of numerals (the numbers merge into one word - “sixty-sixty-six-year-old”, etc. .d.). In addition, the names chemical elements also have an almost limitless length ("methylpropenylene dihydroxycinnamenylacrylic" (44 letters) acid)

However, here are a few examples of the longest words formed without the artificial addition of roots and prefixes:

In 2003, the Guinness Book of Records recorded the word “excessively considerate” (35 letters). In various dictionaries you can also find words such as: “private enterprise” (25 letters) or water-mud-peat-paraffin treatment (29 letters), etc.

According to some versions, the longest nouns are the words “misanthropy” and “excellency” (24 letters each).

The longest adjective according to dictionaries is “unsatisfactory” (19 letters).

The longest interjection according to the dictionary is “physical education-hello” (14 letters).

5. There is a version according to which the word “friend” comes from the word “another, stranger,” that is, it once had essentially the opposite meaning. However, most likely, the word came from the Old Slavonic “droug”, one or another form of which is found not only in the Russian language (“Bulgarian friend, Serbo-Croatian friend, Slovenian drȗg, Czech, Slovak druh, Old Polish drug And even in Lit. draũgas “companion, comrade”, Latvian draugs.”).

6. The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is the word “take out”.

7. Once upon a time there were 49 letters in the Russian language, 5 of which were excluded by Cyril and Methodius, who did not find corresponding sounds in the Greek language. Then Yaroslav the Wise, Peter I, Nicholas II reduced the Russian alphabet to 35 letters in total.


"The rich and great Russian language." Everyone has known this phrase since school, although not everyone has understood its meaning. The Russian language is very difficult for anyone who has not known it since birth. Why? This is the most flexible language, with a huge number of rules, it is incomprehensible and illogical for residents of other countries. Of course, compete with Japanese or Chinese, we cannot, but we also have many of our own tricks and interesting facts.

For example, in the Russian language there is no clear answer to the question of which word can be considered the longest. It should be noted that the peculiarity of the Russian language allows you to compose infinitely long words. According to the rules of the Russian language, you can use an unlimited number of prefixes “great-”, which are used to determine kinship (great-grandmother, great-great-grandmother, etc.). The exceptions are Adam and Eve, which, in principle, is logical.

At school, everyone at one time or another studied the six cases of the Russian language, but various nuances of word formation allow us to say that there are at least ten cases in the Russian language. In the phrase “What do you want, elder?” the last word is the vocative case of the word "old man". “A piece of sugar”, “a head of garlic” are examples of the use of words in the quantitative-separation, or second genitive case. A number of words have two forms of the prepositional case, for example, “about the closet” and “in the closet” - for the second case they talk about the locative case. Also, some words may form the initial case when talking about the place where movement began - for example, “came out of the forest.”

We all know and often use the expression “High Five!”, right? But few people know that it originally sounded like “Give me a hand!” and nothing else. Why? Previously, the word “metacarpus” was used to describe the palm, so the greeting expression sounded exactly like that. Soon, either because of laziness, or because of the desire to pronounce it faster, it was shortened by one letter and transformed into “High five!”

Many exceptions to the rules are actually justified much deeper than we were told at school; in many universities there is separate item, called “the stylistics of the Russian language,” which tells in detail about the origin of certain words or phrases.

Our language is impeccable. It is rich, beautiful, free, everyone who speaks it has the right to contribute to its history and development. It is one of the few languages ​​that recognizes "author's" spelling or grammar.
Appreciate your language, learn new things about it and speak it more often. I am sure that no one will want our language to become like Latin in the future - it will remain in textbooks, but for everyone around it it will be considered dead.