Elements of the roof drainage system. Gutter design: main elements and components. Drainpipe section

The drain is an important part roofing system any building. The presence of drainage provides a lot of advantages, the main one of which is ensuring the safety and increasing the service life of the frame and finishing elements of the building. Therefore, it is very important to correctly select and correctly install the drainage system at the time of installation. roofing.

Is it necessary to install a gutter on the roof?

Comfort in a residential building largely depends on the careful arrangement of the roof. Ventilation of the under-roof space, hydro- and vapor barrier are important to ensure optimal conditions accommodation. Guttering is also an important system to prevent damage load-bearing structures building.

Drainage systems protect the structural elements of the building from destruction and can be part of the design solution for the entire exterior decoration

The roof of a private house always has one or more slopes. Precipitation flows down this inclined surface, negatively affecting the foundation of the structure near the building. You can prevent the destruction of the foundation of the house and other unpleasant consequences with the help of a drainage system that performs the following functions:

protecting the foundation from destruction by draining water to a specially equipped place;
control of wastewater and prevention of roof rotting and load-bearing elements, avoiding leaks of roofing material;
complementing the appearance of the building in accordance with the general design concept.

Gutter systems are made from durable materials characterized by strength and durability. Usually they last until the next replacement of the roofing.

Roof drainage system

The efficiency of the drainage system is due to its well-thought-out design, which involves the presence of several basic elements. It is these parts that create a drain that drains water from the roof.

A standard drain consists of drain gutters and pipes, a system of fastenings to the facade of the building and various accessories

Each element performs a specific function, and together they are designed for the main thing - draining water from the roof of the house. Features of the purpose of the elements that make up the drain are expressed in the following:

the gutter serves to conduct water to the place where it is drained into the drainpipe;
a drainage funnel is necessary to redirect the water flow from the gutter to the pipe;
the drainpipe is the final part of the system from which water enters the sewer;
brackets and clamps are necessary to fix the drainage components to the wall of the house;
pipe tip, coupling, plug, protective mesh are additional elements.

The rounded shape of gutters, funnels and pipes allows you to quickly drain the required volume of water from the roof surface. Thanks to this, it reduces negative impact moisture on the load-bearing elements and ensures the integrity of the structure.

Gutter system options

When arranging a residential building, you can use different types roof drainage systems. The complexes are classified according to the material of manufacture, type of construction, mounting and installation options.

Organized drains: description and standards

One of the options for organizing a drainage system is organized drains, which are a collection of gutters, pipes and other elements. They are connected into a whole system, which is attached to the walls outside the building using brackets. Water, passing through gutters and pipes, enters storm sewer or a well designed to further remove moisture outside the site.

Organized drains in private houses are usually located outside the building

SNiP allows the device organized drains on flat or pitched roofs of any type. The set of norms and rules also assumes the following features of the arrangement of organized systems:

for each section of the roof where there are expansion joints or walls, you need to install at least two funnels to ensure prompt drainage of water;
Gutter risers cannot be installed in the thickness of external walls. Heating drainage elements carried out taking into account safety requirements;
the bowls of the funnels should be firmly fixed to the wall using metal clamps;
the distance between the external pipes of the drainage complex must be at least 24 m, and the cross-sectional area is determined at the rate of 1.5 cm 2 for each square meter roof area.

An organized version of water drainage systems can be of several types. The most popular way to organize gutters is to install drain gutters. The products are semicircular elements that are connected together to form a line of the required length. The gutters can be connected using special glue or couplings. In the first case, the parts are securely fastened, but the structure is non-separable. Couplings are more practical and provide the required rigidity of the drainage channel.

The gutters have a smooth inner surface, along which the flow water is coming as quickly as possible, without encountering any obstacles along the way

For flat roofs, a storm funnel is often used, which has round shape. Water enters the funnel opening, passes through the pipes and flows into the sewer. Depending on the roof area, the amount of precipitation in the region and other factors, the number of funnels that need to be installed on the roof is determined. In this case, you can organize two options for the drainage system. The traditional one involves gravity flow of water through pipes, while with gravity-vacuum, precipitation passes through a system with a siphon. In this case, a small number of funnels are installed on the roof.

In traditional systems, the flow speed is determined only by the angle of inclination of the gutter; in more complex gravity-vacuum systems, when the level of precipitation is high, the siphon is turned on and significantly increases the intensity of drainage

A roof drip line is a strip that is fixed to the gable or eaves of a building and protects the facade of the house from moisture. The principle of operation of the dripper is that water from the roof falls onto the plate, and then into gutter. The sediment then goes through the drainage system and ends up in the sewer system.

At correct installation the drip line protects the rafters and the entire roof overhang from getting wet

Unorganized drainage

The drain is not organized type is only a roof with correct slope, which allows moisture to flow down freely without affecting the façade of the building. In this case, water falls in close proximity to the foundation, which increases the risk of rotting of the foundation. This drainage option is suitable for pitched roofs with a slope towards the courtyard.

In the absence of a set of gutters, water can fall on the surface of the walls and on the foundation, and in winter time form large icicles

Unorganized drainage is not suitable for residential buildings, as it does not provide effective water drainage. When creating this option on other buildings, you should take into account the features of SNiP:

unorganized drains are allowed on buildings no higher than 5 floors;
annual precipitation in the region should not exceed 300 mm/year;
on the side of the building where the roof slope faces, there should not be balconies, buildings, or a road or pedestrian road;
The size of the roofing canopy should not be less than 60 cm.

An unorganized type drain is suitable for outbuildings, as it cannot provide good protection residential buildings.

Materials for gutters

Gutter systems are exposed to temperature changes, high humidity, exposure ultraviolet rays and other negative factors. Therefore, for the manufacture of gutters, funnels and other parts, practical materials are used to ensure the durability and strength of the products. Several types of raw materials, which are used to create gutters, meet these requirements.

Metal gutters, which were previously the only possible solution, currently have quite worthy competitors

Features of plastic gutters

Of all the materials that serve as the basis for the production of gutters, plastic is the most inexpensive. Such systems are available in various colors and have an aesthetic appearance and are easy to install. Plastic products are characterized by low weight, which allows not to load the roof. Therefore, such gutters and pipes can be mounted on different variants roofs

Plastic gutter is well suited for soft roofs

Working with plastic gutter elements is quite easy. The parts are connected to each other with glue or special couplings. Plastic systems have the following advantages:

smooth surface allowing rapid drainage of water;
lower cost than metal gutters;
low noise level (up to 27 dB);
possibility of operation in the temperature range from -40 to +50 °C;
easy replacement of individual elements;
not susceptible to corrosion and rotting.

Negative feature of cheap plastic gutters is a low level of strength. Such characteristics are characteristic of low-quality products, so you need to choose only rigid and durable gutters, pipes and other elements.

Metal gutters

Metal roof gutters are characterized by high strength and durability. The technical characteristics of the equipment depend on what metal served as the basis for the drain. Most durable copper options, and gutters made of roofing steel with anti-corrosion coating. There are also lightweight aluminum gutters, as well as products made from zinc and titanium.

Metal gutters are more expensive than plastic ones, but they are stronger and more durable

The main advantage of metal gutters compared to structures made from other materials is their durability. The service life of metal gutters significantly exceeds the period of use of plastic elements. Other advantages of metal drainage systems are expressed in the following:

resistance to mechanical stress, climatic conditions, temperature changes;
various options for fastening gutters;
protection against corrosion: copper products are not subject to rust at all, and other options have a special anti-corrosion coating;
Possibility of painting in any color with special paints for metal.

The disadvantages of metal gutters and funnels are: high cost and more complex installation. The most practical are copper structures, which have a service life of more than 100 years. In other cases, it is important to purchase systems that have a dense and thick anti-corrosion coating, as well as high specifications.

Video: installation of a metal drain

Galvanized roof drain

Galvanized systems for draining water from the roof are lightweight and practical. They combine light weight, a service life of several decades and simple installation.

Galvanized systems have all the advantages of metal gutters, but they do not have a very attractive appearance and fail faster.

Wear-resistant galvanized pipes are installed quickly using clamps and other simple fastening devices. The advantages of galvanized gutters also include the following:

resistance to deformation, temperature changes, humidity;
Frost resistance down to -60 °C and UV resistance;
fire resistance when exposed to direct flame;
light weight, eliminating significant load on the roof;
low cost with good technical characteristics.

The negative features of galvanized systems are expressed in the low degree of sound insulation. Therefore, it is important to take into account the technology of fastening elements to the roof and facade.

Video: installing a galvanized gutter

How to choose a roof drain

When choosing a water drainage system for the roof of a private house, you should take into account the amount of precipitation characteristic of the region. If this figure is quite low, for example, 200–350 mm/year, then plastic or lightweight aluminum structures can be used for the roof. When precipitation amounts exceed 400–500 mm/year, gutters made of more durable materials, such as steel or copper, are optimal.

Copper systems have the longest service life and look very solid and prestigious

Do right choice Roof water drainage systems can be done taking into account the following recommendations:

the appearance, shape and color of the product influence the design of the building and must correspond to it;
the sizes of gutters, pipes and funnels are determined depending on the amount of precipitation;
fasteners must firmly fix the drain to the edge of the roof and other surfaces.

When choosing a drain, the main attention should be paid to the thickness of the walls of pipes and gutters. This figure should not be less than 1 mm. It is also important to consider high density and the thickness of the anti-corrosion layer.

Popular gutter manufacturers

Many manufacturers present roof drainage systems different types. One of the most popular is the gutters of the Deke company. The products are available in various colors and are resistant to mechanical and climatic influences. Döke products are divided into several series depending on technical characteristics, which makes it easy to make a choice.

The manufacturer of the Döke systems provides a 25-year guarantee on its products.

TechnoNikol products are also in demand and are presented in large assortment. The elements of the drains are easily connected to each other, forming a strong and durable system. The company specializes in the production of plastic parts using modern technologies.

Plastic gutters from Technonikol are easy to install and look very attractive

The company "Aquasystem" produces various types gutters, but one of the most popular options is a complex made of steel and plastic. The appearance, technical characteristics and size range of parts are varied, but all products are durable and easy to install.

Installation of roof drainage

Roof gutters come in different forms, but they are always necessary to ensure the safety of the roof and load-bearing elements of the building. From quality, parameters and correct installation drain depends on the effectiveness of its operation, so it is important to first master the technology of fastening elements and choose the appropriate material.

To protect the building façade from splashing rain and to drain water from local area in buildings with pitched roofs, organized drainage from the roof is arranged.

The structure of the drainage system of a house with a pitched roof

Manufacturers offer several options for modular systems, differing mainly in the material from which they are made:

Since Soviet times, galvanized steel storm systems have been common. Today, better products have appeared, but galvanizing is still popular.

Traditionally, these are the wide funnels that were used. They are ugly, but the wide “neck” compensates for the low accuracy of product manufacturing and installation.

Galvanized steel roofs often have no horizontal gutters, only roof outlets and downspouts. The water flow is directed by gutters made on the eaves of the roof itself. This solution is labor-intensive and ineffective for roofs with a large slope. However, due to the fact that there are no horizontal elements that can be damaged by falling snow and icicles, it is more reliable and safe.

Roof drainage made of galvanized steel without gutters is reliable, but difficult to implement

Positive aspects include greater structural strength (steel from 1 to 2 mm is used), low cost and the ability to manufacture individual products of any shape.

Diagram of a traditional galvanized steel drain

Disadvantages: Galvanizing is not very attractive. Pipes rust, and already in the second or third year, starting from the ends, corrosion spreads. Service life up to 15-30 years if pipes are periodically painted oil paints outside. The geometry of the products is not ideal; the joints of the elements do not always fit tightly. Traditionally, gutters and downspouts were joined by rolling, which created a strong connection. Today they prefer to seal the seam with sealant.

Today you can find galvanized drains with three types of funnels: traditional with a wide neck and more modern: overhead and through

Drainage system made of galvanized steel 0.6-0.7 mm thick with polymer coating, the shape of the products is round or rectangular.

Metal system with zinc-polymer coating. You can clearly see how gutters can be combined on complex roofs

The buyer is offered a choice of many colors that can exactly match the metal roofing. This storm drain looks neat, the manufacturing precision of the products is high, and it is possible to order individual products. Service life is 25-50 years depending on the type of metal.

During the installation process, you need to protect the steel from scratches.

Gutters made of copper, aluminum and steel with zinc-titanium coating are still rather exotic in our country.

A copper drain will darken over time and become covered with a malachite-colored film. In addition to products made from solid copper, systems are produced from steel with a copper galvanic coating

Plastic drain systems, depending on the design, can be connected by two different ways: adhesive or using rubber seals. Pipes of a wide variety of configurations, color palette not rich. Service life up to 30 years.

The plastic storm system has the neatest appearance and the best sealing of joints.

Undoubted advantages: ease of installation, light weight, the best tightness among all systems, neat appearance, reasonable cost.

Disadvantage: plastic is susceptible to extreme frosts, is more fragile than steel and can be damaged by a snowmobile.

Gutter calculation

It is necessary to draw up a roof diagram and initially determine two points: the location of the funnels and the diameter of the gutters. Drains with diameters of 8, 10 and 12.5 cm are more common.

The distance between funnels should not exceed 24 meters. The best option 8-12 meters so that the overall slope of the gutters is not too great. It is necessary to check the pipe's ability to drain water. Having placed the funnels on the diagram, the roof must be conditionally divided into areas served by certain drains. For one square (in horizontal projection, not in area) meter of roof there should be 1.5 cm 2 of the cross-sectional area of the funnel and drain. For example, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm has a cross-sectional area of 78.5 cm2 and is capable of draining stormwater from a roof whose horizontal projection is 52 m2. For dry areas and regions with high level precipitation adjustments are made.

Approximately this plan needs to be drawn, measured and calculated the area of the drainage areas for each drain

Having general scheme, you can contact suppliers, the manager will help you create a cost estimate. Either download or use online program to calculate drainage on the manufacturer's website.

When to start installing a stormwater system

There are two types of fastening of horizontal gutters:

The first is using metal hooks that are mounted on the base of the roof. The brackets must be secured before the roof covering is laid. This option is reliable; it must be used for heavy gutters in snowy regions. The hooks are placed on the base of the roof at different distances in order to ensure the required slope of the gutter. The locations of the funnels must be determined in advance.

Gutter brackets are attached to the top of the roof base. For all installation work Only self-tapping screws should be used

The second option is that the brackets are fixed to the frontal (end) board or rafters. The solution is less reliable; the screws can be pulled out with great force. In addition, such hook-holders are used for plastic systems, they themselves are also made of polymer. In most models, holders are designed for installation only on a strictly vertical surface. Their installation to the frontal board is simple, convenient, and can be done at any time after the roof is ready and the eaves overhangs are hemmed. The slope of the gutter is achieved by installing holders on different heights. Can be recommended in cases where there is no danger of snow falling from the roof.

The drainage brackets are attached to the vertical surface of the front board

So, let's start with installing the brackets. For the first option (we attach it to the base of the roof), the hook-bracket must first be bent in accordance with the slope of the roof.

Installation of brackets on the roof base. It is necessary to observe the general slope and do not forget to control the position of the hooks with a level

First, we attach the brackets that will support the funnels. Then we divide the spaces between the drainpipes into minimum distance between hooks (0.6 for plastic and 0.9 m for metal). Having marked, we pull the cord in order to give a uniform slope of the gutters to the drain funnels.

Installation of horizontal elements and installation of the elbow

In some systems, the funnels are installed first, in others, on the contrary, the gutter is installed first. Marking begins from the funnel. The length of the gutters is usually 3 or 4 meters; the outermost ones in the gutter line have to be cut off. Plastic is cut with a hacksaw, metal - only with high-quality metal scissors. Never use a grinder, otherwise the steel will quickly rust. A plug completes the line of gutters; connector either internal or external rotation.

The complete installation process for storm drains. Don't forget to follow safety regulations

Gutter connections can be different: with seals, glueless, adhesive, sealed with silicone. You must follow the instructions. As a rule, the funnel is installed taking into account possible temperature expansions, that is, the joint has a gap for deformations. This must be taken into account immediately.

To go from a funnel to a vertical drain, you need to install two elbows and one straight section. The distance of the drain and the lower elbow to the wall is determined by the manufacturer.

This way you can find out the required length of the straight section of the knee

Features of the design of drainpipes and drains

Installing gutters is not difficult at all. As a rule, they have a length of 4 meters and are easily joined.

If water is drained from the house superficially, on the blind area, in the lower part of the drain we place the usual mark - an elbow with a large offset at an angle of 45°.

The drain directs water away from the building and bottom edge pipes should be positioned 15-20 cm higher

If the area is equipped with an underground stormwater system, the drain can be inserted directly into the stormwell. Best fit for this option round pipes plastic gutters.

If the drain is planned to be installed in a storm well, best choice there will be round pipes with a diameter of 10 cm

There are many various types, brands and varieties of drainage systems. Although they are generally similar, they differ in details. During the installation process, you must study and keep with you the work manual, which can be obtained from your dealer or downloaded from the manufacturer’s website.
In snowy areas, it is mandatory to carry out snow retention measures for slippery types of roofing (all types metal roofing, except composite). For other types of roofing, snow retention is desirable. Gutter heating electric cable will minimize the likelihood of gutter damage.

Snow guards will protect not only people, but also the drainage system from snowfall

Any person who is not afraid of heights and has minimal construction skills can drain a roof using a modular system. Special attention It is necessary to pay attention to the precise marking of the brackets. It is not worth taking on a roof drainage system made of galvanized steel sheets without gutters without having experience working with seams.

Even a splash of light rain is enough to stain the façade, let alone a downpour. In this case, not only the walls are under attack, streams of water collect at the foundation, creating an “explosive” situation - soon enough excess moisture will accumulate in the basement. Over time, it will begin to erode the soil and, as a result, cracks appear in structures. Reliable drainage can help prevent these problems.

The installation of roof drains requires the correct choice of material, all necessary parts, etc.

Principle of operation

The optimal solution for draining water from the roof is organized system, although its device is associated with certain costs. For pitched roofs use external gutters mounted outside the house:

gutters with the smallest maximum slope of 2⁰;
drainpipe and other elements.

Water from the slopes enters the gutter and begins to flow further into special ones. As a rule, they are placed at eaves overhangs with a pitch of 12–20 m. Then the water flows through external pipes installed outside along the walls of the house either into the “rain drain” or into drainage wells. Sometimes very large containers are installed for these purposes.

In old houses you can find another effective system - parapet gutters. In this design, water is collected in one common tray. Typically located between parapet walls, it forms part of the roof structure. The parapet is made of metal, the water intake recess is insulated with a layer of bitumen.

At the junction points of the roof slopes, gutter gutters are installed; they direct water into the eaves or parapet drain.

Installation of roof drains: main elements

Gutter shape

Today the manufacturer offers big choice drainage elements various shapes. Depending on the project of a particular building, you can:

The last option is the most effective. The resistance to loads and durability of parts are largely determined by the stiffening ribs present in the design. However, in houses with large area located in areas with constantly heavy rainfall, the best drainage is provided by square ones. The large cross-sectional area significantly increases their throughput.

Profiled gutters are designed for houses a certain shape. The complexity of the terrain prevents falling leaves or other debris from accumulating at its bottom, which undoubtedly extends the service life of the resource.

Special angles allow you to go around the corners of the building. They are connected to each other using special connectors, and if it is necessary to prevent water flow in some place, plugs are installed along the edges.

Drainpipes

The shapes are divided into square and round. It is recommended to place them on the walls on the sunny side of the house. When choosing a form, one of the parameters plays a decisive role: the design of the building or its area.

If the building area is more than 200 m2, and it is built in a region with high precipitation rates, it is recommended to install pipes with a square cross-section.

Gutters and pipes must be identical in shape. They also include special knees, curved sideways or frontal planes. Thanks to these elements, the pipes bend around the protruding areas of the house. They are installed at a certain distance from the wall (more than 30–35 mm) using metal pins and clamps with grips. The pins must be galvanized, in as a last resort they are treated with anti-corrosion compounds.

In addition to these two main parts, the complete set of the drainage system also includes: corner joints, funnels, tees, brackets, clamps and other parts.

Clamps are designed for fastening. Since they practically encircle the pipes, the shape of the clamp must coincide with their cross-section.

A hook or holder is used when installing the latter to the roof, and its type determines. The hook must provide the slope necessary for water to move freely in the direction of the water intake funnels.

The funnel in the external system is designed to collect water.

All parts of the drain must be the same trademark. Only then are they guaranteed to clearly correspond to each other and properly perform their functions.

By the way, when choosing, you should first calculate the number of required accessories. For example, the installation step of mounting brackets varies among different manufacturers. It can be 50 cm or 80. Naturally, in the second option, fewer of them will be needed, and, therefore, the system will cost less.

The parameters of drains are determined based on the so-called effective surface area of the roof. Usually, knowing the shape of the roof, its meaning is found in the simplest geometric formulas. With a more rigorous approach, an accurate calculation is required, which should take into account: roofing material, additional details, say, etc.

To facilitate calculations, most manufacturers offer special tables that help even non-professionals independently determine how many main elements of the system are needed and what their size should be.

For houses occupying an area of at most 100 m2, drains with the following parameters are more suitable: pipe diameter - 70-100 mm, gutter width - 90-120 mm.
If the area is more than 100 m2, preference should be given to the following element sizes: the diameter of the first element is 95-100 mm, the width of the second is 120-130 mm. In this case, each of the roof slopes is equipped with one gutter and one pipe, which, as a rule, is fixed at the corner of the building.
For buildings occupying an area of more than 150 m2, two pipes are placed on each slope.

The drainpipe can also be placed in the center of the wall.

Roof drainage diagram

The drain is the last point in the roof structure, so it is very important to calculate the diameter of the pipe and the cross-section of the gutter and install it correctly. A correctly executed roof drainage system plays an important role not only in terms of its strength, but also affects the appearance of the house as a whole. The process of installing a drainage system can be divided into five stages:

Selection of construction material

Plastic parts for drainage

The modern market for drainage structures is presented various options, among which there are products for which traditional materials such as tin, galvanized iron, copper, and also more modern solutions, made of galvanized metal with a polymer coating and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is simply called plastic. The latter combines optimal solution question of price and quality, is resistant to precipitation, chemical influences, is easy to transport and easy to operate. In addition, plastic has proven itself in terms of strength, flexibility and resistance to heavy loads. PVC gutters are resistant to ultraviolet radiation and do not change color over time. With proper installation and operation, such structures last up to 50 years.

Main details of the structure

Main parts of a drain: gutter and downspout

The parts from which most roof drainage systems are made can be divided into three main groups: gutters, pipes and fittings. The gutter serves to transfer water through a funnel into the drainpipe and is a semicircular, trapezoidal and square section, installed along the perimeter of the roof. To ensure that water gets into the watering can (water inlet), a plug is installed at the end of the gutter. To connect dimensional fragments of a product along the length, use couplings and adapters.

When bending the direction of the gutter, parts called fittings are used, which can be internal or external at an angle of 90, 120 or 135º. When going around all kinds of protrusions, knees help, and tees are used to branch the drain. The end of the pipe near the surface of the earth ends with a part called a drain. Pipes with a diameter of 60 - 80 mm, gutters with a semi-diameter of 80 - 120 mm are used for buildings with a small roof area, and for houses with an average roof size, larger drainage parts will be needed: a gutter with a size of 120 - 140 mm and a waste pipe with a diameter of 80 - 110 mm.

Installation Features

The nature of the installation of the entire drainage system is significantly influenced by the material of the pipes, the type of fasteners, as well as individual characteristics designs and installation method. Of course, the most important stage and the basis of all work is correct fastening gutters to the roof. This is done using brackets that are screwed to the front board at intervals of 60 - 70 cm. In the absence of a flat front board, the system is attached directly to the rafters or to the roofing board, however, last option possible only before installing the roofing.

Gutter installation

In order for the design to work effectively, the gutter is installed with a slope of 3 to 6 mm per 1 m of the length of the entire length of the gutter and the edge of the roof so that it falls in the middle of the gutter. When installing a drainpipe, you need to maintain a distance from the wall of the house equal to 5 - 10 cm. Otherwise, if a drain pipe will fit snugly against the wall, the latter will constantly remain wet during precipitation.

Pipe brackets are installed under each joint. It is advisable to maintain a distance of at least 40 - 50 cm from the end of the drain and the ground. An interesting innovation has recently appeared in the system of draining water through a drainpipe: at some distance from the ground, a piece of pipe was replaced with a storage tank with a faucet at the bottom. This allows the collected water to be used for household needs.

Fastener Questions

Joining gutters

When installing a drainage structure, special attention should be paid to the quality of the connections of the parts, since the efficiency of the system over many years depends on this. There are two ways PVC assembly- gutters are joined using glue and rubber sealing gaskets.

The method using rubber seals is the simplest; it allows you to quickly assemble the system, like a construction set, and also quickly disassemble it, preserving the main parts. The rubber bands installed in the connecting parts not only perform the function of protecting against water leakage, but also serve as a compensator for a linear change in the length of the entire gutter due to temperature influences.

It is more difficult to install the entire drainage system using glue and, in addition, if an inaccuracy was made during assembly, the joint can no longer be separated and you will have to cut out the problem area by buying a new piece of pipe.

Gutter installation points

Stages of drainage installation

Basic operations when installing roof drainage include the following steps:

a) fixing the funnel using a plumb line;
b) checking the frontal board for its evenness and the absence of various bulges and depressions;
c) at the farthest point from the funnel, a bracket for the gutter is attached and a cord is pulled connecting it to the funnel;
d) with the help and secure the remaining brackets in increments of 60 - 70 cm;
e) the first part of the gutter is inserted into the funnel and the place for the next fragment is marked;
e) installed at the end of the gutter connecting piece with rubber seal;
g) after installing all the elements of the gutter, close the edges with plugs and install an elbow to the funnel to connect it to the drain pipe;
h) a pipe is connected to the elbow of the funnel and secured under the drain pipe;
i) finally, without waiting for rain, check the reliability of the joints of the entire drainage system and water the roof with water.

In order to extend the service life of any structure, you need to take care of installing a good water drainage system from the roof. You can install drains yourself without involving specialists, if you follow all the rules and requirements of SNiP during installation.

Types of drainage

There are two types of drains that remove melt and rainwater, which are installed both on soft roofs and on standard hard ones:

Interior;
Outer.

Internal drain- this is a sewage system device in which all working elements are located inside the wall of the building; it is used on flat roof. The main difference from the outside is that the drainage is not visible from the facade - this improves the exterior. Funnels are located throughout the roof area, but drain water into certain gutters. From the sewer pipes, waste flows into the drain or to a certain place in the yard.

Photo - internal organization

Outdoor system is more popular, it is, accordingly, installed on the facade of the building. The main convenience of this technology is that the external drainage system can be installed after the construction of the house is completed, while the internal drainage system requires installation before finishing works. Water intake funnels are located in the corners of the house; they can each be taken separately into the drainage or connected by pipes and provide drainage in only one outlet.

Photo – outdoor device

Gutters can also be classified according to the material from which they are made. Nowadays the most popular alloys are aluminum, galvanized steel and PVC derivatives, but previously drains were even made from wood and natural stone. In most modern multi-story buildings internal drain made of cement, and is part of the house. This greatly simplifies its work, but complicates periodic repairs.

Why do you need to install drains?:

This is important for the foundation of the house. At the buildings where waste water falls directly into the ground, over time the foundation begins to loosen. This is especially true in the spring. With such operation, the building will last no more than 20 years until the next major overhaul;
You can save on watering your plants. If drainage pipes are connected to drainage system, then melt water from the roof will be directed either to a septic tank or to certain areas of the yard that suffer from a lack of moisture;
To increase the service life of the roof. From large quantity soft roof suffers greatly from moisture ( bitumen shingles and other types), which is often used to cover the surfaces of flat buildings. When there is excess water, it begins to collapse and allow moisture to enter the building.

Depending on your needs or personal preferences, you can choose the pipe section. Drains can be rectangular, square or round. If the structure is made at home, then for bending metal materials a special baguette device is used.

Device

Typically, any system consists of the following elements:

Receiving funnels;
Gutters;
Knees;
Rotating elements.

Each of them performs a specific function. Funnels are necessary to receive water and drain it into gutters. They, in turn, direct the melt liquid through pipes, discharging it into sewer drains. Elbows, tees and turn signals are needed for convenient and practical branching of gutters along the facade of the house and roof.

Also, the parts that make up the drain include fastenings - clamps and brackets. They serve as holders. Selected according to the shape of the gutters. They are:

Round;
Square;
Rectangular;
Embossed.

In some cases, the manufacturer allows you to use your own, not standard sizes when designing a drainage system. But in this case it will be more difficult to select fasteners and hooks.

Video: how a drain works

How to install a drain

Any installation of drainage from pitched roofs begins with the development of a project, on the basis of which an estimate and work plan will be drawn up. In the project, you need to calculate the diameter and cross-section of the pipes, their location, the number of inlet funnels and drainage guides. These calculations differ significantly between indoor and outdoor systems. When working with external drainage, you need to take into account the roof angle and roof area. Experts recommend installing a funnel and outlet pipe at each corner. But, the internal drainage does not depend on the angle of the roof, so the water intake funnels are located along the entire plane of the roof, at a distance of 20–30 centimeters from each other.

Photo - diagram

To install an external drain you will need:

Water drainage system;
Fastening elements (brackets, hooks, gaskets, etc.);
Screwdriver, hammer drill, hammer, saw for metal or plastic, depending on the material;
Installation instructions. It is different for each manufacturer, so you need to strictly follow the company’s recommendations.

The first step is to measure the corners of the building. From the highest of them you need to start installing the gutter. On eaves overhang Using a hammer drill and a screwdriver, mount the bracket. The following fastening is carried out at a distance of up to 60 cm. Consider the angle of inclination of the drain; it should be up to 5 mm for each linear meter.

Photo – brackets

If external drains are installed on a roof made of sandwich panels, then you need to use a smaller distance between the brackets, about 40 cm. It is also advisable to work with extended fasteners.

The systems can be assembled on the ground or directly on the roof; the first option is more convenient. Many companies immediately manufacture elements with hidden locks, so you do not need any additional fasteners to connect them. The only thing is that you need to carefully coat each seam with sealant. After this, lift the pipe and install it on the hook. In places corresponding to the areas according to the project, holes are made for water inlet funnels, and from them a drain pipe is led to the drainage or to the yard.

The price of installing an internal drain is often significantly higher than installing an external one. Due to the fact that it can only be installed until completion construction work, the process becomes much more complicated. How to install an internal drain in a country house or at home: