Installation of gutters. Elements of the roof drainage system. Gutter installation technology: gutter, drip, installation step

No matter how remarkable the roof on a building is in its waterproofing properties, in order to maintain its durability it is necessary to provide for the effective and timely removal from the surface of water falling on it, be it rain or melted snow. To accomplish this, you need to consider the design of a drainage system. A drain is necessary not only to maintain the integrity and tightness of a flat roof. It prevents rainwater from entering the walls of buildings, and also prevents moisture from draining and stagnating under the walls, preventing excessive moisture in the foundation and its rapid destruction.

Also, well-made drainage allows you to avoid rainwater from penetrating into basements and basements and creating high humidity and rotting of wooden structures there.

Design and details of the roof drainage system

Gutter systems can be made from various materials, be different in design features, depending on the type of roof, purpose and size of the building and other circumstances. The main division of drains by design and placement is external and internal.

External drains are:

Organized;
Unorganized.

With unorganized external drainage, water drains spontaneously, without specially provided collection and disposal. This option is used for roofing small buildings with a sloped roof.

External organized drains are located outside the building along its perimeter; they are gutters reinforced in such a way that water flowing from the roof falls into them. Then the water flows through the gutters into the drainpipes and then into the catch basins or drainage pits. Such drains are used in small one-story or two-story buildings with sloping roofs or in outbuildings.

Internal drainage structures are more complex in their design; they are used to remove sediment from the surface of a flat roof, both in private housing construction and high-rise buildings, even skyscrapers, and industrial facilities. When installing such drains, special funnels are installed in the roof surface, connected to a system of drainage pipes located inside the building, under the roof.

The surface of a flat roof especially needs an effective drainage system, since stagnation of water on its surface will easily lead to the destruction of the surface and violation of its tightness, and unscheduled roof repairs will have to be made.

Drainage unit on flat roof should be such that water leaves the roof surface without problems, be it rain or melted snow. When installing a drain, it is necessary to ensure that there are no blockages from debris, fallen leaves, or twigs, so that at sub-zero temperatures, water in the drain system does not freeze and ice plugs do not form, which can cause parts of the device to fail.

The installation of internal drainage is designed when creating a building project, since it is necessary to provide for the location of drainage channels, the passage of risers inside the building, as well as correct device roofs for the planned drainage. The drainage device must function in such a way that rain or melt water does not stagnate on the roof surface and does not drain from the roof, but is discharged through a set of drainage pipes to the intended location.

Which drainage system is best to choose for a flat roof?

When choosing a drainage device, the climate of the area in which the facility is located is taken into account. If this is a region with a mild, warm climate, where sub-zero temperatures occur several days a year, you can use the design of external drainage systems.

For harsh northern regions and areas with temperate climates, it is better to prefer internal drainage structures, since when using external drainage systems in winter period Water in drain pipes can freeze and form ice plugs, making it difficult to drain melt water. At severe frosts The drainpipe may burst because the water in it freezes, and the structural parts will require repair.

Important! It is necessary to ensure the tightness of all components and connections of the internal drain structure, which is achieved by using welding for its installation.

Internal drainage scheme

The installation of internal drainage is more expensive and labor-intensive to manufacture, but in residential buildings with a flat roof it is better to prefer the internal drainage option. This will allow the system to function without problems all year round, promptly removing any precipitation from the roof surface.

Internal drainage systems according to their operating principle are divided into siphon and gravity. Gravity flow involves the movement of water spontaneously through a pipe system due to their inclined arrangement. Water flows out of them as it enters; the internal cavities are not always filled with water. The siphon circuit of the device uses the principle of forced suction of water inside the system and its removal from the roof surface.

With a siphon device, the drain is constantly filled with water. When the flow of water decreases in the upper part of the drainage device, an area with reduced pressure is created in the drainage funnel, due to which water is sucked into the funnel from the roof surface and from there enters the riser. Due to this mechanism, precipitation is removed from the surface of a flat roof faster.

The siphon drainage system is recognized as more efficient and effective.

What does the internal drain consist of?

Components and details of the internal drain:

Funnels for receiving water located on the roof surface;
Outlet pipes connecting the funnels to the riser for collecting water;
Drainage riser;
The underground part through which water is discharged into external drains.

The internal drainage device must ensure uninterrupted removal of water from the roof at any temperature environment. When drawing up a design for a drainage system, it is necessary to consider the location of risers and pipes in such a way that the water in them does not freeze at sub-zero temperatures. If it is not possible to arrange the entire drainage system so that the pipes are in the heated space, they must be additionally insulated or a heating scheme must be thought out.

Features of designing internal drainage

The roof area is schematically divided into sections; in the middle of each such section there will be a funnel for draining water. When building a roof, it will be necessary to make a slope from the edges of the sections to their middle, to the place where the funnel is installed, approximately 1-2%.

By outer edges small sides are made in the areas so that during heavy rains water from the roof does not overflow from one area to another and does not create excessive load on individual funnels. This ensures uniform removal of water from each funnel.

For internal drainage, it is necessary to provide an underground drainage pipe that will discharge the collected water to the storm sewer receiver. In private housing construction, it is possible to provide for the use of rainwater for irrigation or for other economic purposes.

Risers and outlet pipes must be located so that they are within the coverage area heating system, if the building is heated. If the building is not heated or it is not possible to locate all the water supply pipes in the positive temperature zone, you will have to additionally consider a heating scheme or insulation of the drainage structures.

Important! It is necessary to ensure the tightness of the connection at the point where the water inlet exits to the roof surface so that there are no water leaks. It's best to stick waterproofing material on the sides of the funnels.

When creating an internal drainage project, it is necessary to include inspection hatches in the devices, which are installed on the first floor of the house, as well as inspection wells.

When calculating the load on internal risers and drainage pipes, it is necessary to take into account the possible pressure on their walls in the event of excess water drainage or blockage. Design calculations are necessary for efficient and trouble-free operation of the device. For the calculation, it is necessary to take into account the amount of precipitation in the region, the temperature range, the roof area and the height of the building.

Conclusion

If you are planning construction own home, think in advance which drainage scheme would be preferable to choose. It is better to entrust the installation of the device to an experienced technician, but it is better to familiarize yourself with the features of its design and operation in advance.

Construction country house cannot be considered complete until roof gutters are installed to serve reliable protection façade, foundation and blind area from the destructive effects of falling water. On the market building materials You can purchase ready-made modules for drainage and use the services of specialists to install them. However, the work of making gutters yourself will not take much time and effort and will also cost much less. A necessary condition is only the presence of some knowledge about their structure and suitable materials for the manufacture of.

Gutters: a guide to selection

A building's drainage system can be made of various materials, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. As a rule, everything here depends on material capabilities and design idea owner of the house. Before choosing a drainage system, you need to keep in mind some features:

To protect the gutters from deformation as a result of sudden snow and ice melting on the roof, it is necessary to install tubular snow guards. The gutters themselves must drain water away from the building to drainage system or a suitable place designated for removal excess moisture from the walls of the house.

The choice of drainage directly depends on what material the roof of the building is covered with. If copper tiles are laid on the roof, then the drainage system is made of copper; the same is done in the case of titanium and zinc alloys.

However there is universal materials for covering the roof and finishing the facade, allowing you to install roof drainage in accordance with the wishes of the home owner. For example, if the façade of a building is covered with siding, and the roof is not made of metal tiles or seam, then the drainage system can be made of either plastic or galvanized.

When fixing a plastic drain to the wall of a house, the distance between the brackets for attaching gutters should be maintained at no more than 60 cm, while galvanized steel can be attached at a distance of up to 1 m.

Types and classification of drains

Device drainage system can be done in one of three options:

Unorganized - water flows from the roof directly onto the ground. It entails dampness of the walls and destruction of the foundation.
Internal - prevents water from freezing in pipes at subzero temperatures. Used mainly in northern latitudes.
Organized - a roof drainage system equipped with gutters and pipes through which water flows into the sewer system. This option most common in central regions.

The drainage system must be properly designed, reliably installed and secured to the building. Only in this case is the proper operation of the entire system guaranteed.

Design Features

The drainage system consists of many connecting parts, the main ones being gutters, which serve to collect and drain water from the roof surface, and pipes, through which the collected water is directed to a suitable place.

The prefabricated structure also includes such elements of the drainage system as:

funnels for draining water into a pipe (water inlets);
plugs;
adapters and couplings for pipes and gutters;
mounting brackets;
clamps for fixing drainpipes to walls.

Quite often, roof gutters are equipped with the following additional devices:

nets and baskets that serve as a barrier to prevent leaves and small debris from getting into the pipes;
storm water inlets connecting drainpipes to storm sewers;
drippers that prevent the accumulation of rainwater under the roof and improve its rolling down the pipes.

To increase durability and protect against ice in winter time heating electric cables are laid on the roof eaves, in pipes and gutters. This not only ensures trouble-free operation of the gutters, but also adds a significant amount to the cost of their construction and brings with it additional costs for electricity bills.

It is advisable to install drainage systems simultaneously with the construction of the roof - this will significantly save work time and the construction budget. The choice of installation method depends on the type of materials used, fasteners and the design of the system itself.

However, there are immutable rules that must be observed when performing such work:

Installation of gutters is carried out using brackets (holders) screwed to the rafters or frontal board. In case of use metal brackets they can be mounted on a brick wall.
The distance between the brackets directly depends on the type of structure. Yes, for metal system– this is a step of 70-150 cm, for plastic – 50-60 cm. It is also necessary to place brackets on both sides of the corners of the gutter and funnels.
The slope between the first and final holder should be 2-3 mm per linear meter towards the funnel.
The distance between the wall and the drainpipe should be within 3-8 cm, because a tighter fit will lead to the appearance of dampness and mold.
Installation of risers is carried out after complete installation upper elements of the system, including funnels. The pipes are attached to the wall with clamps every 1-2 m, and the clamps themselves are screwed to the wall with self-tapping screws.
The final stage is to secure the bottom drain of the pipe at a distance of at least 20-30 cm from the ground, in the case of linear drainage - 15 cm.

The installation of roof drains has its own nuances. A mistake or careless negligence during the installation of a structure can undo all the work done, causing a lot of inconvenience. That's why before you start self-installation drainage system, it is necessary to thoroughly study all the rules and regulations relating to this issue, and even better, invite professionals who will quickly and efficiently cope with the task.

There is no need to explain why a roof is needed on a building. First of all, this is the function of protecting the attic and attic premises from moisture getting inside. But after the water flows down the roof, it will certainly fall on the walls and foundation, which will subsequently collapse. To prevent this, a drainage system is installed. But before we move on to the practice of installing the system, we will provide some theoretical information.

Installation of drainage from pitched roofs

A building that is not provided with high-quality drainage during construction will, in a very short time, acquire a rather unpresentable appearance under the influence of precipitation. And the main thing is that general state the design will also be affected negative influence, which can cause mold and unpleasant odors to appear in many places.

A drain is needed to prevent water from accumulating on the roof and falling on the walls and foundation

And if this problem is not approached with all seriousness, the following problems will arise that will require constant financial expenses:

high humidity will cause weakening and gradual destruction of the foundation and base of the house;
undiverted water will penetrate into the basement and constantly fill it;
mold and high humidity will affect the health of residents;
the noise from flowing water will interfere with a comfortable rest.

The drainage system is used everywhere to remove precipitation from the surface of roofs: flowing water from the roof enters a special gutter and then flows through drainpipes to the ground away from the building. The purpose of the gutter is precisely to collect water from the roof surface. The drainpipe provides water drainage to a specially designated place. But to install a drain, you will need not only a pipeline and a gutter, but also elbows, clamps, fasteners and other elements.

The drain consists of horizontal gutters and vertical pipes

Gutter system configurations: closed and open

The type of roof determines the design of the drainage system. For example, for a house on a country site that has an ordinary gable roof with a straight eaves, it is best suited simple system with two gutters and a small number of downpipes.

But when the roof slopes have a complex configuration, the design of the drainage system becomes more complicated. In this case, to ensure the aesthetic appearance of the building, you have to resort to various tricks to ensure reliable drainage.

Closed drainage system

A closed drain is installed if the house has a hip roof. The gutters are of a single design located along the perimeter of the slopes and do not have any plugs. It is worth paying attention to the fact that water drainage from hip roof occurs in all directions, so it is best to place downspouts in the corners of the house.

Calculation of drainpipes in closed system is carried out taking into account the entire roof area with values rounded up.

The choice of gutter type depends on the shape and configuration of the roof

Open drainage system

An ordinary roof with two slopes will have its own gutter with drainpipes for each slope, which means the presence of two open systems.

Drainage pipes in open systems must be installed at the corners of the building and exactly in the center of the wall.

Drainage system for pitched roofs

The simplest drainage design has a pitched roof. Sediment will flow from it in one direction, so it will not be difficult to collect it.

Gutter pitched roof consists of a small line of gutters and a downspout

In houses with only one floor, a fairly common solution is to use a rain chain instead of pipes, which is less noticeable.

The chain as a drain has become very popular on the Japanese islands, as it is also an element of facade decoration. It is often made from copper. Alas, currently manufacturers of drainage system elements for Russian market They do not produce decorative elements for drainage chains.

But if you want to make such a system yourself, be sure to comply with the following requirements:

The chain must be tensioned to prevent it from oscillating from side to side, for which purpose the lower end must be secured in any possible way.
To prevent water from getting on Decoration Materials building, the chain must be installed at a distance of at least 0.5 meters from the wall.

The implementation of such an idea is quite simple, the main thing is to have the desire.

The drain chain is excellent decorative element building facade

Drainage system for gable roofs

A standard gable roof has gutters that are located at the corners of the house. This arrangement is most appropriate from both an aesthetic and a technical point of view.

The installation location of gutters is directly influenced by the roof structure.

The location of the drains must be selected based on the roof plan. The installation must ensure the aesthetics and reliability of the drain, but the priority is still reliability. Length drain pipes determined taking into account the distance from the gutter to the drainage point (plinth area or sewer well).

The installation location of the drain pipe is also determined by the length of the roof slopes. With a length of less than 12 meters, the pipe can be located at any point on the wall, except in cases where there is a window, balcony or bay window nearby. With a length of more than 12 meters - near the center of the cornice. The main thing is that there should be no more than 24 meters between the pipes.

On gable roofs with small slopes, drainpipes can be installed in any convenient places

Gutters on roofs of complex shapes

The difficulty is in designing drainage systems for many pitched roof, since each slope requires its own drainage system. It is these difficulties that will be discussed in detail.

The influence of the number of slopes on the design of the drainage system

In the case when the roof has a large number of slopes, and the drainage system is built at minimal cost, a large volume of water entering the gutter sharply reduces its flow speed due to the insufficient volume of the gutter itself. This causes a large load on the system design and leads to rapid freezing of water at subzero temperatures. Therefore, when designing a drainage system, it is imperative to take into account the increase in load associated with large area roof slopes.

Superstructures and hatches

The next difficulty is to ensure drainage on towers or balconies, since it is in these places that moisture is most likely to penetrate into the structure and freeze. That is why building minimalism is currently fashionable.

Ensuring drainage from the tower is a non-trivial task, since it is necessary to install a gutter in the form of a circle. It is almost impossible to make a metal gutter of the required diameter by bending a single piece of material. Such a gutter is made from small segments soldered together and painted in the color of the roof to hide the junctions of the segments.

And for dormer window and lucarnes gutter is optional. The main thing is to know the direction of water flow and the place of its accumulation. In the case of lucarnes, a gutter is installed only when it has a large area and multidirectional slopes.

It is not necessary to install a drain to drain water from the hatch

Video: DIY drainage system installation

Important technical points

Ensuring reliable drainage guarantees protection from moisture on the walls and foundation of the building. To ensure that the requirements for the design of drainage systems are met, SNiP 2.04.01–85 has been developed and applied. These rules are responsible for the standards for drainage arrangement:

The horizontal clear distance between the inlets of the domestic drinking water supply and the outlets of the sewerage and drains must be at least 1.5 m for an inlet diameter up to 200 mm inclusive, and at least 3 m for an inlet diameter over 200 mm. Joint installation of water supply inlets for various purposes is allowed.
Internal drains must provide drainage of rain and melt water from the roofs of buildings. When installing internal drains in unheated buildings measures should be taken to ensure heating of pipelines and drainage funnels during negative temperature outside air (electric heating, steam heating, etc.). The feasibility of installing heated internal drains should be justified by technical and economic calculations.
Water from internal drainage systems should be discharged into external networks of rainwater or common sewerage systems. In the absence of rainwater drainage, the discharge of rainwater from internal drains should be received openly into trays near the building (open discharge), and measures should be taken to prevent erosion of the ground surface near the building.
At least two drainage funnels must be installed on the flat roof of the building and in one valley. Drainage funnels on the roof should be placed taking into account its topography, the permissible drainage area per funnel and the structure of the building.
Maximum distance between drainage funnels for any type of roof it should not exceed 48 m.

Calculation of the drainage system

The size of the drainage surface is the total area of all roof slopes or their projections. The areas of the slopes are calculated using the following formulas:

Area of a rectangular roof slope: P=D*A, where D is the length of the slope, A is the width of the slope or its projection.
Square triangular slope roof: P= 1/2 D*H, where D is the length of the slope, H is the height of the ridge.

When calculating, it is necessary to take into account that if the gutter length is no more than 10 meters, one drainage funnel is sufficient, and the maximum distance between the funnels should not exceed 20 meters.

The drainage system consists of gutters, downpipes and a number of connecting and fastening elements

Table: diameter of gutters and pipes depending on the area of the slope

Ramp area (m2)	Quantity drainpipes	Gutter diameter	Diameter drainpipe
60–100	2	115	87
80–130	1	125	110
120–200	2	150	87
160–220	2	150	110

Based on the given values, it turns out that for every 100 m2 of roof slope, one riser with a pipe diameter of at least 115 mm is required. However, the placement of waste pipes must be carried out taking into account aesthetics, and gutters must be positioned according to all the rules. In the case of chimneys, ventilation ducts and other extensions to the roof estimated area the slope requires adding 30% of the area of the walls of the superstructures.

Calculation of components

It is necessary to calculate the necessary connecting elements and loads on the roof frame:

Do-it-yourself drain made from scrap materials

To make a drainage system, use plastic container with a volume of one and a half or two liters, which must meet the following requirements:

same size and shape;
smooth cylindrical surface (various patterns on the surface lead to the accumulation of dirt and blocking of the drainage channel);
dense opaque walls. There are no special requirements for color, but for aesthetic reasons it is better to use opaque containers, as it hides the accumulated dirt;
no labels. Over time, they will still peel off and further clog the area.

When assembling the drain system, take the amount of material in excess, because during manufacturing there will be a lot of defects.

The drainpipe is assembled from plastic bottles, inserted into each other

Tools and materials for making drains from plastic bottles:

cutting tool;
construction stapler and staples;
steel rod or wire for fastening to the roof;
electric drill;
electric soldering iron;
sealant. Since this design is temporary, its use is not necessary, and the assembly time will greatly increase.

The assembly is carried out in two stages - manufacturing and installation of gutters, then manufacturing and installation of drains.

The first stage, in turn, has the following sequence of steps:

Installing a drain made of plastic bottles is no different from installing a conventional drainage system.

Assembly and installation of drain pipes:

The advantage of such a plastic system is its minimal cost and ease of assembly. The system is effective in normal conditions. The negative side is its short service life, which is no more than 12 months.

How to make a drain from tin or sheet metal

Galvanized steel sheets are a fairly cheap and commonly used material that has significant drawback- the possibility of deformation of the gutter during mechanical cleaning of ice and snow.

Galvanization tolerates low temperatures in the north and large amounts of precipitation in middle lane. For self-made A galvanized sheet with a thickness of 0.7 mm is used.

Tin gutter copes well with large volumes of water

The drainage is assembled in several stages:

Video: how to bend galvanized sheet metal at home

How to make a drain from plastic sewer pipes

A drainage system made from a sewer pipeline is a very economical option for manufacturing a sediment drainage system. Its advantages are reliability, ease of installation and long service life, which exceeds the durability of a similar system made of metal or PVC. By performing high-quality installation work, choosing the right material and subsequently carrying out repairs in a timely manner, you can extend the service life of your gutters to 10 years or more. Eat different types sewer pipes:

Pipes gray. These are the most common pipelines. The manufacturer recommends using them for installing systems indoors, since the material from which these pipelines are made works well at above-zero temperatures, but is not suitable for working in the cold. Plus, pipelines have low strength and quickly collapse under high loads. A drainage system can be made from such pipes only in places where winters are quite warm. It is also recommended to frequently clear the gutters of ice and snow, as they are very sensitive to mechanical stress.
Gray sewer pipes cannot withstand low temperatures
Pipes white. Similarly with the previous modification, they are used for installation internal sewerage. They differ only in that they can withstand more high temperatures and have very good noise-absorbing properties. Other characteristics are the same as for gray pipelines. The system of these pipelines is also for a long time will last in warm climates, but in very severe frosts and sudden temperature changes it will quickly become unusable.
It is also advisable to use white sewer pipes at positive temperatures
The pipeline is red. It is these pipes that are used for laying sewerage outside premises. They have thicker walls than their white and gray counterparts. The properties of the material allow this pipeline to withstand fairly low temperatures and high pressure. Therefore, red pipes are ideal for making gutters that cope well with snow and ice loads. But in hot climates under the influence solar radiation they quickly collapse.
Red pipes can withstand significant loads from snow and ice, but quickly collapse in bright sun

Define correct section pipelines are very easy - you need to take into account the size of the roof slopes. The following order of values is accepted:

slope area up to 50 m2 - a pipeline with a diameter of 80 mm is required;
slope area up to 125 m2 - it is necessary to use pipes with a diameter of 90 mm;
slope area over 125 m2 - gutters must have a diameter of 100 mm.

The size of the remaining parts, such as the funnel, bell and adapter, is determined by the size of the gutters.

Self-installation of a plastic drain is carried out as follows:

Two brackets are mounted along the edges of the frontal board and a thread is pulled. The slope of the gutter should also be ensured. And also take into account that the overhang must partially overlap the gutter so that water falls directly into its central part.
The remaining brackets are installed along the intended line.
When installing brackets, it is necessary to take into account the required slope of the gutters towards the drainpipe
To make gutters, the pipeline is cut along its long side. The easiest way is to attach the pipeline to the board, mark the top part with a thread and cut it along the line with a grinder or jigsaw.
The gutter can be made by sawing sewer pipe lengthwise into two parts
In exactly the same way, a cut is made on the other side of the pipeline.
Connected using self-tapping screws. Sealant is applied to the joints. The main thing is not to overtighten the fasteners to compensate for the thermal expansion of the material.
The gutters are connected with self-tapping screws, tightened with medium force.
The manufactured gutter is installed on brackets. To prevent the gutters from collapsing under the influence of solar radiation, its edges are fixed to brackets or spacers are installed along the entire length.
Next, the installation of drainage pipelines is carried out.
Since the drain pipeline is attached to the surface of the wall, and the gutter is attached to the cornice, a distance of about 0.2–0.8 m is formed between them. To smoothly connect the drain hole of the gutter and the pipe, an elbow is used at an angle of no more than 45 0. If the distance is more than 80 cm, an additional piece of pipeline of the required length is used for connection. When using self-tapping screws, the installation site must be sealed with a rubber washer or sealant.
To connect the line of gutters with the drainpipe, transitional structures made of rotary elbows and pipeline sections are used
Drainage pipelines are secured using brackets with clamps in 1 m increments.
Drainpipes are attached to the wall of the house using standard clamps of a suitable diameter
An outlet is attached to the lower end of the pipeline, which directs the flow of water directly into the catch basins or into sewer system. The distance from the wall to the outlet cut must be at least 30 cm.
A plug is installed at the end of the highest part of the gutter.

Video: how to cut a sewer pipe into two parts

When to start installing the system

The drainage system is important to prevent deterioration load-bearing structures building, so its development should take place at the design stage of the house. Yes, and in accordance with the normative construction documentation installation of the system is carried out before laying the roofing material. But practice shows that these requirements are rarely met. It is also important to decide on the method of attaching the gutters: on the eaves, on front board or on the sheathing. The most common is fastening to the front board, other methods of installing gutters in individual construction almost never used.

How to install a gutter if the roof is already covered

Very often the roofer hopes that when the job is complete he will be able to tear off a few sheets of roofing in order to install the gutter brackets on the rafters. But usually this cannot be done without removing the roofing material fasteners. If the fasteners are removed, then patches will have to be installed in their place.

Of course, there are ways to avoid these problems. One is to install softwood strips underneath the roofing material to remove the fasteners without denting them. If the roof is covered with slate, then the procedure is simpler. A piece is inserted into the wave wooden beam, and the brackets for the gutters are attached directly through the slate and inserted timber.

If the roofing material is already laid, you have to use any available places to attach brackets under the gutters

Currently, there are brackets on sale to which the gutter is attached from below, so such a bracket is not visible. They are installed every 40–70 cm in order to ensure sufficient strength under excessive snow and ice loads.

Brackets that are installed on the sheathing or rafters must first be bent to ensure correct position gutters relative to the roof slope.

Video: installing gutters on a finished roof

Rules for installing external and internal gutters

If you do not follow the rules for installing a drainage system, you can end up with flooded walls, foundations and basements. To avoid this, you need to follow the simplest instructions:

The external gutter is installed with a slope of 1%.
The outer chute should be interrupted no more than three times. If this rule cannot be fulfilled due to the complex geometry of the roof, it is necessary to install another drainpipe. But it is better to install it on the outer corners of the walls.

The main thing in a drainage system is the correct organization of the direction of water flow. It should not merge at the locations entrance doors and near the main paths, as in winter this will lead to the formation of a decent layer of ice, which can lead to serious injuries.

It is also important to ensure the required slope of the external gutters, which depends on the size of the slope. If the length of the roof slope is more than 12 meters, then the slope must be made in both directions and two drainage systems must be installed.

It often happens that the cornice is not located in a horizontal plane, and the slope of the gutter must be done taking this fact into account.

Compared to a flat roof, a pitched roof has another weak point - the so-called valley. This is the internal joint of the roof slopes, which is most susceptible to the pressure of water flow, which increases the likelihood of its penetration under the roof in this place. Therefore, drainage from valleys must be given Special attention and install internal gutters there that will retain moisture, remove it outside, and therefore prevent water from getting under the roof. It is attached to the boardwalk (which should protrude 40 cm beyond the axis of the internal gutter) or sheathing. The process itself occurs in several stages:

Methods for attaching gutters

To attach gutters, you can use brackets that are combined with clamps.

Bracket mounting methods:

How to secure vertical drainage elements

It is best to provide for the fastening of drain pipes at the stage of laying the walls. But even after completion of the work, no one forbids installing fasteners.

When performing installation, observe the following rules:

Start installing drain elements from the bottom.
Drill holes in the walls to install clamps.
On the lowest clamp, install an elbow with a cut edge, and if the drain is carried out into a storm drain, then use a regular drain element.
Fasten subsequent elements using a separate clamp in increments of no more than 1.8 m. If the length of the element exceeds 2 m, then it is necessary to install another clamp.

By following the installation rules, you can ensure the strength and tightness of the structure. In this case, the drainage will be reliable and will last a long time. Good luck to you in your construction activities.

Items you will need:

Metal or plastic pipes.
Sealant.
Gutters.
Pipe holders.
Special glue.
Special clamps.

Detailed information about the drainage system

This material will discuss the external drainage system, which protects the building from various precipitation. In addition, we will talk about the design elements in order to know which drainage system device is best to choose. It is worth knowing that external organized device gutter is a water drainage system that is installed outside the house. External drainage systems are used to drain water from a pitched roof (with a slope of more than 15%). This drainage system consists of gutters with a longitudinal slope of at least 2% and external downpipes.

The system has the following operating principle. Water from the roof slopes enters the gutters, and from there flows into water intake funnels, which are most often located at a distance of 12-20 m from each other, after which it is discharged through drainpipes, which are fixed on the outer walls of the house, in storm sewer, drainage well or just a big barrel. The advantage of outdoor organized drainage is that it provides protection for the roof, foundation and house from the effects of various precipitation. The external drainage system has the following disadvantages:

Snow that rolls off the roof can tear the gutters off their mountings. In such a case, the gutter must be installed so that its outer edge is not higher than the plane that will continue the surface of the roof slope. The center of the gutter should be vertical and directly below the edge of the eave drain so that all water can drain directly into the gutter.
The system can be deformed directly from the action of wind or mechanical shocks.
During the winter, the entire drainage system may burst or it may freeze if it is not heated.

The external roof drainage system consists of:

gutters;
pipes;
clamp;
water inlet funnel.

Details about gutters

Existing types of external drainage gutters:

Cornice gutters, which are installed along the eaves overhang.
Parapet gutters, which are installed in older houses. They collect water in a gutter, which is located between two parapet walls (similar to architectural solutions quite rare in modern private construction). The parapet gutter is a structural element of roofs. The gutter is made of metal, and the recess into which water flows from the roofs is covered with bituminous material. Water enters the spillway.
Gutter gutters are capable of directing water into parapet or eaves gutters. They refer to types of drains at the junctions of roof slopes.

The shape of the gutters can be selected individually depending on the building design. There are the following main forms of gutters:

semicircular;
square;
embossed.

For cities where a fairly large amount of precipitation regularly falls, there are heavy snowfalls and heavy downpours, in addition to where houses have a large area, for better drainage, builders recommend using square gutters (such a gutter has a large cross-sectional area, therefore, it is capable of letting more water through). amount of water). Embossed gutters are most often used when certain forms buildings, in addition, this shape can protect the drainage part of the gutter from leaves and other debris. To allow the gutter to go around the corners of houses, special corners are included. A plug is attached to the edges, and in order to connect 2 gutters to each other, you should use a special connector.

Detailed information about drainpipes

Drainpipes should be located outside the building. It is advisable to make sure that they are on the sunny side of the facade. According to their cross-sectional shape, they are made square or round. The choice of pipe cross-sectional shape must be made based on general design building and its area (the dependence will be the same as when choosing the shape of the gutter). If the area of the house is more than 200 sq. m, and in the construction region there are frequent heavy snowfalls and rains, best choice will square section. The shape of the pipes must necessarily match the shape of the gutters. In order for the pipe to be able to bend around parts of the building that protrude, the pipe is supplied with elbows that can be bent sideways and frontal planes. Drainpipe diameter:

for a roof that has an area of 125 sq. m - 100 mm;
for a roof that has an area of 50 sq. m - 90 mm;
for a roof that has an area of 30 sq. m - 80 mm.

It is necessary to install drainpipes at a distance of at least 30-35 mm and attach pins with clamps (pipe holders) to it using clamps. To prevent the pins from rusting, they must be galvanized or coated with some kind of anti-corrosion compound. The pipes will need to be secured to the wall of the building using clamps. The shape of the clamp will depend on the cross-sectional shape of the pipe.

The gutter mounting hook will serve to secure the gutter to the roof, its shape will also depend on the shape of the gutter. Using hooks, you can provide the necessary slope to move water in the gutters towards the water intake groove. Hooks also have another name - holders. Funnels for external drainage systems are designed to collect water.

Selection of drainage systems based on material of manufacture

Based on the material of manufacture, external drainage systems are:

Metal - copper, galvanized steel, galvanized steel with polymer coating, aluminum, titanium and zinc alloy.
Plastic - made from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride with the addition of ultraviolet and thermal stabilizers.

Regarding the choice of drainage systems, it is worth knowing that you need to make a choice between metal or plastic. Moreover, by “metal” we mean galvanized steel with a polymer coating. As a rule, there is no choice between plastic or copper, titanium-zinc, or aluminum. This is due to the fact that drains made from these materials can only be installed on roofs made of copper, aluminum or titanium-zinc, respectively. Application aluminum systems possible with a complex roof configuration. This is due to the fact that it bends quite easily. When choosing between plastic and uncoated galvanization, you should understand that:

the cost of galvanization and plastic is practically the same (plastic is 10-12% more expensive);
installation plastic systems much easier to install galvanizing;
plastic systems can be scratched during installation, but galvanized ones cannot.

It is worth knowing that the installation of plastic systems can be done easily, while it is much more difficult to install a galvanized system with a polymer coating. Plastic reacts less to various aggressive influences (factories nearby, the sea, and so on). A galvanized system can be installed at a temperature of -10 degrees Celsius, a plastic one - at a maximum of -5 degrees Celsius.

The plastic system is quite fragile in cold weather, and therefore can burst from snow pressure.

Metal systems will be much more relevant to use in those regions that receive a fairly large amount of various precipitation.

How does a drainage system work?

The holders are attached in increments of 500-600 mm. The first and last are fastened at an angle. For more precise fastening at the lower points, you need to pull the cord to determine the location of the remaining holders.
The installation of gutter drainage systems determines the correct operation of the entire water drainage system. External part The gutters should be located at a distance of 25 mm from the roof plane. The gutter must be mounted in the holder, and the joints must be locked together using sealant. Laying is done starting from the funnel.
For better precipitation collection, a drip tray is installed and secured to rafter system, after which it lowers 2 cm inside the gutter. To install the plug, sealant or special glue should be used.
When installing a funnel, oblique cuts are made at the installation site. The funnel edges are connected to the front and rear edges of the gutter using glue.
The pipes must be connected to each other and secured in the funnel using special clamps. A 2mm gap should be left between their elements.

To drain collected sediment from the foundation of a building, you will need to install a small storm drain in the place where sediment water pours out of the drain pipe, and using ordinary plastic pipes, take it to the other end of the existing area to a filter well that was dug in advance, or simply direct it him to the street.

A pit can serve as a storm drain, which will need to be concreted or use fully prepared building elements, which you can easily buy in ordinary construction stores. The second construction option is simpler, but more expensive.

Gutters have an important place in the architecture of a building. It serves for a certain completeness and fulfills its main function - collecting and draining water from pitched and flat roofs.

The drain drains water not only from the roof, but also from the walls of the building, its foundation and other elements.

External drain

We are used to seeing vertical pipes on the facades of buildings through which water flows downwards. This is a drain, and an external one at that. The internal one is built into the walls of the house, or its installation is carried out indoors.

It must be said that this is far from a complete classification. There are many more signs according to which all drains are usually divided into separate types:

By organization - external and internal, as already mentioned;
According to the material of manufacture - plastic and metal;
By connection method individual elements There are adhesive gutters and those with rubber seals.

It should be said right away that external drains are suitable for all types of pitched roofs, but internal water drainage is organized in the case of a flat ceiling.

So, external gutters can have the most varied design, which directly depends on the design of the building. However, it should be noted that ready-made kits may also have some features, which depend on each individual manufacturer.

Be that as it may, the installation and design of drainage systems are almost always the same.

The approximate composition of the external drainage system will look like this:

Gutters (maximum gutter slope of less than 2 degrees is not allowed);
Funnels that receive water from gutters;
A pipe through which liquid flows down.

Advice! When installing a drain, it is correct to place funnels with a pitch of 20-25 cm. In this case, there should not be a gutter larger than 10 m per funnel.

Gutters and drain pipes

Installation of a drainage system on pitched roofs, as has already become clear, is carried out using gutters. They have their own classification:

Cornice. Do-it-yourself installation is carried out along the roof eaves;
Parapet. Do-it-yourself installation is carried out between parapet walls. It must be said that such a design is quite rare;
Grooved. The liquid is drained to the parapet gutters.

It becomes clear that for the installation of a conventional drainage system it would be correct to use plastic or metal elements cornice type.

Among other things, gutters differ in their shape:

Embossed;
Rectangular;
Semicircular.

Do-it-yourself drainage is usually done using conventional semicircular gutters. It is recommended to install embossed ones only where there is a need to protect the entire drain from dirt, leaves and other debris.

As for the material with a square cross-section, it would be correct to install it on buildings that are located in regions with increased level precipitation. The thing is that rectangular gutters have a very high throughput.

Now, as for the pipes. They can also be of two types - with a rectangular section and with a semicircular section.

It would be correct to drain the water on the sunny side of the building.

Advice! The cross-section of the drain pipes should be the same as the cross-section of the gutters.

In the case where the total moisture collection area exceeds 200 square units, the pipes must have a square cross-section for the reason stated above.
For small areas, GOST defines the following ratios of area to pipe diameter, so that they can be selected correctly for each individual case:

Area up to 30 sq. m suggests making a drain from pipes with a diameter of 8 cm;
Area up to 50 sq. m. involves making a drain from a material with a cross-section of 9 cm;
Area up to 125 sq. m suggests installing a drain made of material with a diameter of 10 cm.

All pipes are fastened in the same way - using clamps and pins. To prevent the latter from rusting, they are treated with an anti-corrosion compound before direct use.

Material selection

In many ways, the choice of material for the drainage system depends on the material from which the roof itself is made.

In general, as already mentioned, the following materials are used for the manufacture of gutters:

Galvanized sheet;
Galvanized sheet with a polymer layer;
Copper;
Aluminum;
Titanium-zinc;
Plastic.

That is, gutters can be plastic, metal or combined.

Some installation rules

The design of a system such as a drain requires the presence of a certain technology, that is, a sequence of actions. In addition, such work has a number of features that can be described by the following basic rules:

Do-it-yourself pipe installation should be carried out on minimum distance 5 cm from the wall of the building. If you attach the pipe close to the wall, it will be constantly wet;
The drain must have some slope. First of all, this concerns gutters. The slope should be made towards the funnels. This will prevent liquid from accumulating and overflowing over the edges of the gutters;
All joints and fastening points must be sealed. For gutters, a special glue and method are used cold welding, and rubber seals.

It must be said that each of the listed sealing options has its positive and negative sides:

Rubber parts withstand even strong mechanical stress and protect drainage systems well from leaks. However, they are very sensitive to high and low temperatures, and can function normally only at not very high positive indicators;
An adhesive connection can provide a reliable connection and complete sealing, but it will no longer be possible to disassemble this type of drain;
Cold welding provides the most reliable connection and the highest degree of sealing. However, when the linear dimensions of the drainage elements change, they simply crack.

In the end, what kind of fastening to make with your own hands is up to everyone to decide for themselves.

Installation sequence

So, the direct installation of a drainage system with your own hands should begin with some calculations. For example, calculation required quantity material. The first thing to determine is the length of the gutter. It is very simple to calculate - you just need to measure the perimeter of the building.

After this, the design of the drainage system involves attaching holders or hooks for the gutters. If plastic pipes are used, then they are fastened in increments of 60 cm. If metal or combined elements are used, then they are fastened in increments of 30 cm.

After this, the funnels are fastened. Next, the gutters are placed in the holders.

The next step is to secure the connections of the drainage system. In this case, the connector element must be located at the junction of two gutters.

Further construction of the drainage system involves the installation of pipes and corners.

Advice! When joining two gutters, their ends should not touch, that is, a temperature gap should remain. This is especially true for metal elements.