How to assemble a verve garden sprayer for use. Sprayers: instructions for use. Area of ​​application for your backpack sprayer

In the structure of financial costs of any progressive agricultural enterprise, the lion's share is occupied by such a line of expenses as plant protection. Farms spend a huge amount of money on this, and it is important to get the maximum return on investment. To avoid mistakes and increase the effectiveness of protective measures, we will analyze the factors influencing such an important aspect of plant protection technologies as spraying. In this matter, not a single detail should be missed: at all stages - from choosing a sprayer to applying the drug, the cost of an error is very high. In this review, we will consider in detail all the components of crop spraying technology, present the points of view and recommendations of pesticide manufacturers, and share the experience of service technicians and agronomists of agricultural enterprises.

Sprayer selection

Choosing a sprayer is comparable to choosing a personal car - you need to correctly determine your needs and not give in marketing ploys. When choosing a car, we pay attention, first of all, to its performance. Let us dwell in detail on the criteria for choosing a sprayer. But first, let's talk about their classification.

Sprayers for agricultural purposes are divided into mounted, trailed and self-propelled. Type switchgear- into fan (used in gardening), boom and boom-fan (combined), and according to the degree of dispersion of spraying and the rates of application of agricultural chemicals per unit of cultivated area - into full-volume, low-volume and ultra-low-volume sprayers.

The main determining factor in choosing a plant protection machine is the financial capabilities of the farm. Between cost and set of necessary technical qualities a balance needs to be found. The main advantage of mounted and trailed sprayers is their efficiency, since they do not have their own power plant and are much cheaper than self-propelled ones. However, choosing the right sprayer is a very difficult task. First of all, it is necessary to compare the consumption rates of working fluid recommended by pesticide manufacturers with the areas where the preparations are planned to be used. For example, to treat grain crops with herbicides, approximately 150-200 l/ha are required, with fungicides on potatoes - 350-400 l/ha, and in gardens - 800-2000 l/ha. The explanation is simple - the flow rate of the working fluid must be sufficient to ensure coverage of the entire leaf surface of the crop, but not allowing the drug to drain from the treated surface. An important thing is the presence of a free tractor if you have to use a trailed or mounted unit. Trailed and self-propelled sprayers are designed for work in fields where the soil surface is not level enough. Therefore, this machine must be designed for smooth movement over rough terrain. The suspension design must reliably prevent vertical vibrations of the rod. For this purpose, manufacturers combine suspension elements with vibration dampers. Good shock absorption extends the life of the rod. This also applies to transporting sprayers: the folded booms must fit snugly against the body of the machine, individual elements should not move freely when moving and protrude beyond the standard dimensions of the machine.

The main advantage of self-propelled sprayers is their high autonomy, the absence of installation work necessary equipment onto a tractor, then dismantling it to make way for another type of agricultural machinery, and also the fact that when using them, you do not need to wait for the tractor to become free.

They allow you to increase productivity by 1.5-2 times, process tall crops, incl. carry out desiccation of sunflower. But such machines are quite expensive, difficult to maintain, and not every farm can afford them.

Trailed models are the most popular on the sprayer market. This is explained, first of all, by their relatively low cost, as well as ease of use and good technical parameters. Self-propelled sprayers are more often purchased by farms with large crop areas (more than 10 thousand hectares), since in this case the machine’s performance comes to the fore, and the large agronomic clearance (clearance) makes it possible to intensify and improve plant protection technology.

Processed crops

When choosing a spraying machine, you need to take into account the structure of the farm’s crop area. There are fundamental differences in sprayers designed for treating perennial plantings (orchards) and field crops. In perennial plantings, fan sprayers are used; in field crops, boom sprayers are mainly used. Sergey Glubkin, director of the agricultural firm “Agrosakhar-2” in the Uspensky district of the Krasnodar Territory, says:
- Our cultivated area covers 7,500 hectares; the farm specializes in growing sugar beets. We are experimenting with plant protection systems, using imported sprayers - John Deere and Rau, we are completely satisfied with them. I believe that there are no better trailed sprayers. Self-propelled machines cost three times more, but they do not justify themselves - they greatly “cut” the rut in sugar beet crops. Although neighboring farms use self-propelled sprayers. We came there and watched the machines in action, which once again allowed us to be convinced of the advantages of trailed sprayers over all others. We bought navigators for all our equipment so that we can work at night. In the summer, due to the heat, we carry out all protective work only at night.

Climatic conditions and the specificity of crops place the farm from the Tuapse district of the Krasnodar Territory of Novomikhailovskoye CJSC in a special position. Plant protection agronomist Kazbek Shkhalakhov shares his experience:
- We use fan sprayers. All of our areas are occupied by perennial plantings (apple, plum, hazelnut, etc.). In our conditions, the economic stability of the farm completely depends on predicting the development of diseases and pests, as well as on plant protection machines. The mountainous terrain dictates its own conditions - daily dew creates favorable conditions for the development of phytopathogens, which makes it extremely difficult to protect gardens.
Performance

Productivity is the main parameter of the sprayer. It depends on the working width of the machine, capacity and speed. The working width of modern sprayers ranges from 12 to 36 m, the recommended speed is usually in the range of 4-12 km/h ( self-propelled vehicles- up to 20 km/h).
- Indication of a certain maximum speed work is very often misleading,” says Igor Redkozubov, regional sales manager of the Russian representative office of DuPont.
- Tables for sprayers, for example, are compiled for speeds up to 30 km/h. But in fact, you cannot work above 25 km/h - the turbulent air flows are too strong. Even the most daring sprayer manufacturers do not dare recommend speeds greater than 16 km/h. This speed is only possible in certain cases- for example, with two-flare sprayers of systemic fungicides for treating the ear. If you need to penetrate the drug deep into the stem stand (when treating cereals with herbicides after tillering, and, by the way, you can’t use double-flare sprayers), or apply a contact drug, for example, on vegetables and potatoes (this is where a double-flare sprayer is needed), the speed is better keep at 8-10 km/h. For farms with large cultivated areas, it is important to choose a plant protection machine with the highest possible performance, taking into account the workload of all agricultural equipment of the enterprise at the height of the season. If you have available tractors, you can save money by purchasing a mounted or trailed sprayer instead of a self-propelled one.

The self-propelled sprayer can replace several trailed sprayers, and only one operator is required to operate it. If the weather environment allows, this machine can be used around the clock. Accordingly, at least 3 operators are required to operate a self-propelled sprayer,” explains Sergey Obornev, service engineer of the Agroprom-MDT group of companies in Orel.

Accessories

When choosing a sprayer, you should pay special attention to various components, the availability and convenience of the design layout, as well as the quality of factory production of the main components and systems of the machine. First of all, you need to study the volumes and filling systems of tanks, the height and method of folding the booms, the design of the premixer for mixing the mother liquor, the design of draining (emptying) and cleaning (washing) tanks, the control unit, the condition of the parts and fittings of the sprayer, as well as the availability additional equipment(navigation systems, hand washing containers, ladders, boxes for work clothes and chemicals, additional pumps, etc.), and for trailed sprayers - the reliability of the coupling device.

Sprayer booms with two folding points are quite bulky. More compact models of the rod with two, three or even four folding points. If the rod has connecting rods, they must be precisely adjusted. Otherwise, the rod is not assembled exactly as intended by the design, and during operation it will experience unnecessary vertical and horizontal vibrations, which significantly increase the coefficient of variation (unevenness) of drug application. The less the rod oscillates, the higher the quality of work. Ideally, there is a system for automatically adjusting the height of the rods with an ultrasonic sensor.

One of the most important parameters is the volume of tanks (main tank), primarily the main tank (reservoir) intended for fertilizers and pesticides, as well as a washing tank, a mixer for mixing concentrates and a hand washing tank. It would seem obvious that for processing a small field, an overly large tank volume would be overkill. Conversely, trailed sprayers with a small tank, when processing vast fields, will be forced to take time off work quite often to replenish the supply of water and agricultural chemicals. However, it is necessary to take into account the rate of consumption of working fluid per hectare and correlate it with many factors, such as the average size of the field, the distance to the water source, the availability of equipment for supplying water and the costs of this operation, the ability and speed of self-refueling of the sprayer, the width of the headlands, the possibility of changing the track sprayer, etc. Sprayers with a tank of 4 tons or more have wider wheels - a different tramline is needed.

The rinsing water tank is used for transporting supplies of clean water, loading, diluting and pumping plant protection products and fertilizers, diluting the remaining solution at the end of spraying, cleaning suction fittings and pipelines when the tank is full, as well as washing canisters. The handwash tank with tap is refilled with pure water, intended for these purposes only. A feature of the operation of modern foreign sprayers is the strict connection between the application of working preparations and the movement of the machine across the field; for these purposes, they are equipped with special sensors (flow meter, speed sensor, solenoid valves, etc.) to determine the distance traveled and speed, which ensures high-quality application of preparations.

Pumps

On the duration of filling the bunker and the efficiency of the entire sprayer big influence provide pumps. They are also designed to supply working fluid to the pressure line and create the pressure necessary to spray the solution and impart a strictly defined speed to its particles, as well as for self-filling, preparing and mixing the working fluid. Therefore, the hydraulic drive can include several different pumps (sprayer, agitator, filler and high pressure pump). It is the stable operation of the pumps that ensures the uniform distribution of fertilizers and pesticides throughout the treated area. The maximum flow rate of the working fluid that can be maintained by the sprayer also depends on the power of the pumps and their functionality. If you use a piston-type ceramic pump, be sure to flush it with antifreeze in the winter, otherwise ice crystals will damage the ceramic parts in winter.

Control, navigation

It is difficult to imagine modern sprayers without a computer control system. Control unit with good visibility and separation into filtering, suction and discharge sides. A computer system for adjusting and monitoring the supply of working fluid is installed in the cabin of a tractor or self-propelled sprayer. The electronic system allows you to quickly set the desired flow rate and maintain it with high accuracy, as well as control the flow rate, change its parameters while moving, and also count the treated areas. On-board computers must be equipped with systems for checking and calibrating both fluid flow and distance traveled, since all other quantities are calculated based on these indicators.

Nikolay Erichev, sales manager of ZAO Malkom Corporation in the Tambov region, talks about navigators:
- Our company relies on SKIPPER navigators produced by ARAG, Italy. They are designed to work with sprayers, fertilizer spreaders, soil-cultivating systems, manure spreaders with any working width. They allow you to calculate the trajectory of the vehicle and plot the necessary optimal route. Navigators are excellent for parallel driving when applying fertilizers, spraying, cultivating the soil, the positioning error is 10-20 cm. They allow you to work at night, eliminating the use of tramlines, signalmen, and marking stakes. They increase work productivity, improve the quality of application of fertilizers and pesticides by reducing flaws and overlaps.

Modern sprayers must be equipped with various satellite navigation systems: parallel driving, field map, automatic steering, control of spraying through the navigation system.

Satellite navigation

It is very useful and convenient, since spraying is more effective at night. When controlling the sprayer using external reference points (foam markers), i.e. without navigation systems, up to 4% remain untreated and another 11% are processed twice. At the same time, on 11% of the twice-treated area, the enterprise will receive a loss from excess consumption of materials, and on the untreated 4%, losses may be even higher. When treated with fungicides or insecticides, such “omissions” can adversely affect the yield of not only untreated areas, but also the entire field.

Evgeniy Elfimov, marketing representative of the Russian representative office of the Bayer concern, believes that the choice of a sprayer should meet the objectives of the farm.
“Cultivated plants differ in habit and height, so different types of sprayers are used,” he explains. - Under ideal conditions, if sprayers, so to speak, are brought into a room, plant protection machines from different manufacturers will perform the same, spray the working solution evenly, and there will be practically no differences between them. It's a completely different matter - field conditions! If the field topography is uneven, you should pay attention to sprayers with adjustable booms along the spray horizon.

Where strong winds blow, sprayers with an air arm should be used ( air flow nails the working solution to the plant) or use sprayers that produce a large drop when sprayed.

Self-propelled sprayers, although expensive, are worthwhile on large areas, and they can also be used to treat tall crops. Scientific research shows that ideal weather conditions for spraying (no wind, suitable humidity and air temperature) occur a maximum of 7 days in one month. Therefore, in practice, spraying is more often carried out in unfavorable weather conditions.

Setting up sprayers

Correct application of protective equipment can only be carried out with a properly configured sprayer in good technical condition. The adjustment is carried out at the beginning of the season and before each spraying. Visual and measuring methods are used for verification.
Checking the functionality of working parts

You need to fill the tank with approximately 200 liters of water, select a certain crankshaft rotation speed that will be used during basic processing, turn on the pump and set the pressure within the required limits. In this case, the pressure, according to Igor Redkozubov, should correspond to the optimal pressure for the type of sprayer used. For pesticides it is about 5-7 bar for high pressure injection nozzles (ID, TURBODROP) and about 3 bar for low pressure injection nozzles (IDK, IDKT, AIRMIX). Low pressure operation is the main reason for low efficiency when using high pressure sprayers.

Next, you need to check the operation of all nozzles, shut-off and safety valves, the return pipeline and the mixer (nozzles with a flat spray pattern are installed at an angle of 10° to the axis of the boom). Using a measuring cup, check the uniformity of liquid supply from the spray nozzles for one minute. Nozzles with deviations of more than 10% upward or downward must be replaced with new ones.

Setting the flow rate of working fluid

Next stage of setup. Having selected a suitable gear, you need to drive across the field for 1 minute at the selected speed and measure the distance traveled. Repeat the entire operation 3 times and determine the average distance D (in m). Then determine the width of the working grip: multiply the number of sprayers by the distance between them P (in m). Select the flow rate of the working fluid for a given preparation and crop N (in l/ha). Then you need to determine the flow rate of the working solution (F) for 1 minute: F = P × D × X/10000 and recalculate the flow rate per one sprayer (F/R). Using a measuring cup, determine the fluid supply of the sprayers for 1 minute (the crankshaft rotation speed should be the same as during passage across the field). If the amount obtained does not correspond to the calculated amount, it is necessary to make an adjustment by increasing or decreasing the pressure. If changing the pressure within acceptable limits does not give the desired flow rate, you need to change the speed or select a different type of nozzle.

Fungicides and contact insecticides are best applied with two-spray sprayers. Injection nozzles are preferred. For applying contact preparations, processing vegetables, potatoes, beets, ears - two-torch sprayers (in hot conditions - double heads).

As a rule, when applying pesticides, water with a significant content of various impurities is used. Therefore, depending on the material from which the sprayer is made, the cross-section of the sprayer nozzle can change during 2-4 shifts of operation of the sprayer. In order to respond in a timely manner to changes in the cross-section of the sprayer nozzle, it is necessary to take measurements and adjust the flow rate of the working fluid every 2-4 days of operation of the sprayer.

Oleg Perepelitsa, agronomist of LLC Agrocomplex "Prikubansky" Gulkevichsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, comments:

On our farm we use 4 trailed sprayers (OP-2000, OP-2500 and 2 Amazone sprayers). We are completely satisfied with trailed sprayers; we do not see the need to purchase self-propelled machines. The farm's sown area is 2,500 hectares; at the height of the season, all plant protection machines are fully loaded, but they cope with the work of plant protection. We grow vegetable crops and often use microdoses of preparations using fractional applications of herbicides. Imported Amazone sprayers, unlike Russian OPeshek, can be adjusted to apply small doses of drugs, which is very convenient.

Spray selection

The quality of the spraying depends on the choice of sprayer. When choosing a sprayer, you need to consider the following factors: type of treatment (herbicide, fungicide, insecticide, application of fertilizers or plant growth regulators), properties of the drugs (contact or systemic), stem density, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. Sprayers are divided according to the type of device and the spray pattern of the working fluid created. By type they distinguish:
- injection,
- slotted,
- deflector,
- sprayers with a hollow spray cone.

According to the type of spray torch created, there are:
- flat-flare,
- with a hollow torch cone,
- two-flare.

Sprayers also differ in fluid consumption over a certain period of time at the same operating pressure. The volume flow of the nozzles is coded using color coding According to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, each color corresponds to a specific flow rate per minute.

In Russia, blue (1.19 l/min at 3 atm.), red (1.58 l/min at 3 atm.), and yellow (0.8 l/min at 3 atm.) are more often used. In a slot atomizer, the liquid flow is divided into droplets after the liquid has passed the nozzle exit. The droplet spectrum strongly depends on the operating pressure. In addition, it is less homogeneous, i.e. Both large and extremely small fractions are present. As the pressure increases, the spectrum shifts towards small and very small droplets. Under optimal working conditions, small drops are useful as they cover the surface of the leaves more evenly, which is important when working with contact preparations. However, there are also disadvantages, such as insufficient coverage of the stem.

Outside of ideal weather conditions, working with slot sprayers has a lot of disadvantages and entails large losses of the working solution. When air humidity is low, losses due to evaporation and drift increase significantly. In Germany, more than 90% of sprayers sold are injection. Slotted ones will work effectively only at a temperature of about 20°, in calm weather and high humidity. In our conditions, it is necessary to use injection sprayers.

In injection atomizers, due to the fact that the mixing of liquid with air occurs inside the atomizer, the droplet spectrum is less subject to fluctuations. It is more uniform and contains a large number of large but hollow drops moving at a higher speed, which further reduces the time the drop is in flight, increases the degree of penetration into the stem and reduces losses, which has a beneficial effect on end result.

A significant part of the solution in the presence of a large number of small drops simply evaporates and does not reach the plants. Sprayers with a hollow cone spray are widely used abroad when applying fungicides and insecticides in gardens. However, they are less suitable for use on field crops due to high losses due to evaporation and drift. In addition, in places where the torches overlap, zones with increased doses of drugs are formed.

Deflector sprayers are used to apply fertilizers and soil herbicides. This type of sprayer during its operation is characterized by the creation of very large droplets, which is unacceptable for selective herbicides, as well as fungicides and insecticides. The flat-flare spray cone has a ribbon-like shape with a continuous filling of the working solution inside the torch. This spray cone is typically used to apply herbicides.

Hollow torch and double-torch spray are used to apply insecticides and fungicides. This creates smaller droplets.
Sprayer boom height

The quality of the protective treatment of the crop also depends on the height of the boom. It is necessary to select a boom height that ensures that half of the spray patterns of adjacent nozzles are covered. In this case, the application rate of the drug is leveled along the entire length of the sprayer boom.

Important! The height of the bar cannot be changed arbitrarily; it must always be within the recommendations.

For installation optimal height The rods are affected by the distance between the nozzles, the spray angle of the nozzle, the tiered location of the object being processed (leaf apparatus of plants, ears, etc.). It is important to take into account the topography of the field, since during the movement of the sprayer the booms fluctuate in height, which can lead to a twofold increase in the rate of application of the drug, or the appearance of blemishes in local areas of the field, and can also lead to mechanical damage cultivated plants and the sprayer booms themselves.

In Germany, more than 90% of sprayers sold are injection. Slotted ones will work effectively only at a temperature of about 20°, in calm weather and high humidity. In our conditions, it is necessary to use injection sprayers.

This can neutralize the entire positive effect of the treatment, so such fluctuations should be minimized (by selecting the optimal speed of the unit, installing additional support wheels, etc.). A rod with sprayers with a spray angle of 110-120° should be installed at a height of 50 +-10 cm above the surface to be treated. For sprayers with a smaller spray angle, the boom height is 75 cm (it is better not to use such sprayers - due to the height of the boom, losses due to drift and evaporation will be much greater).
Equipment care

During operational maintenance of the sprayer, special attention is paid to the wear of the nozzles and daily washing of the working parts of the machine after completion of work. The sprayer is the most important part of the sprayer; it is the one that undergoes the most frequent replacement among all plant protection machine mechanisms. Subjected to high mechanical and chemical loads, the sprayer becomes clogged, ceasing to work optimally. It is extremely important not to miss this moment. This working element must be replaced: if it is plastic, then every 80 hours of operation, and if it is ceramic or metal, then every 300 hours. If we add up the possible deviations in the actual flow rate due to wear of the nozzles and deviations due to vibrations of the rod, the result is a total deviation of 2 times from the specified flow rate.

A significant part of the solution in the presence of a large number of small drops simply evaporates and does not reach the plants.

Igor Redkozubov adds that the resource of a plastic (polyoxymethylene) sprayer is up to 10 thousand hectares, and a ceramic one - up to 100 thousand hectares. Wear is determined by two factors - due to the abrasiveness of the solution and due to crystallization inside the nozzle. The second type of wear occurs at the same rate for plastic and ceramics and increases at temperatures above 20 ° C. It can be slowed down by washing the nozzles every day after use, preferably in an alkaline solution. But in practice this is difficult to achieve, so I recommend buying several sets of plastic sprayers and changing them throughout the season. Each time the sprayer is finished working, the nozzles must be washed.

According to Igor Redkozubov, it is forbidden to use metal objects for cleaning, as this will definitely lead to damage to the sprayer. Cleaning is carried out only with special brushes. The addition of fertilizers increases the abrasiveness of the solution, which reduces the life of the sprayers. Fertilizer addition can also improve pesticide effectiveness by improving droplet properties and penetration into the plant.

The tank and working parts of the sprayer need to be washed every time after use. The algorithm of action is as follows: rinse the empty tank, hoses and rods with clean water, then fill the tank with a 1% ammonia solution and rinse all working parts for 15 minutes in operating mode. Then rinse everything again with clean water. Don’t forget about other technical components of the machine - check and clean filters daily, monitor the condition of working pipelines, rods, pumps, etc.
Sprayer during winter storage

When the sprayer has completed its task, the time comes to store it until the next season. Nikolay Erichev tells how to perform this procedure correctly.

Before putting the sprayer into winter storage, it is necessary, he says, to inspect its mechanisms in detail for kinks in the hoses, breaks, damage to the sprayer bodies, etc. Check that the oil fill tank installed in the upper part of the pump is filled with oil without foreign substances impurities and liquids. Inspect the sprayer booms for deformations and damage, and if any are found, correct them. This inspection is associated with the preparation of a defect report for each sprayer, which indicates which mechanisms need to be replaced or repaired.

Painted metal parts of the sprayer that have damage to the paintwork must be cleaned, coated with primer and paint. It is advisable to replace slotted plastic sprayers at the end of each season. Check all filters installed in the nozzle bodies, as well as suction and pressure filters, replace them if necessary, or simply clean them. Check the system hoses for coking. If this degree is high, the hoses need to be replaced. Replace in warm time years so that there is no damage to them. Rinse the entire system (fill the sprayer with water, rinse through the internal operating cycle, and then direct the liquid to drain through the nozzles).

Several washes may be required to remove all drug residues. There are two ways to store the elements of the spraying machine mechanisms: remove them and leave them for the winter.
storage in a warm room the following elements: pump, liquid distribution regulator, all filters. The second method is to fill the system with antifreeze during storage (approximately 20-30 liters will be required). In this case, the sprayer elements are not dismantled. All electronic components navigation systems or on-board computers should be stored in a dry, warm room in winter. To preserve wheel tires, it is recommended to paint or whiten them.

Working in the field

Work in the field is the culmination of all protective measures. These are the alpha and omega sprays. Sprayer settings before use are extremely important, but everything is decided in the field. There are some nuances and rules here. Let's look at them. Evgeniy Elfimov describes a typical spraying error that often occurs in practice. And this is incorrect filling of the sprayer.

First, the sprayer needs to be filled with water, at least 1/3, and only then add the drug. Otherwise, says a Bayer specialist, the drug gets into the outlet, and even when spraying at the beginning of work, a dangerously high concentration of the drug in the working solution can be created, which can lead to the death of the crop plant after treatment. I have seen cases where this mistake was made, and in the first 50 m of the sprayer's passage, the crop was burned to such an extent that what was left was just black soil. This cannot be allowed.

Purpose of spraying

The purpose of spraying may be to introduce plant protection products, fertilizers and plant growth regulators. For all these operations it is important right choice processing times. The use of the drug at a vulnerable stage of pest development (larva) is the key to effective protective work. Missing the optimal timing of treatments can lead to the development of an epizootic or epiphytoty, sometimes the clock counts. The consumption of the working fluid depends on the object of treatment: weeds are treated with herbicides, usually at a consumption of 200 l/ha, pathogens and pests - 300-400 l/ha. The recommended consumption rate of the working solution for desiccation is 200-300 l/ha, however, experiments show the advisability of increasing the consumption rate of the working solution to 400 l/ha.

The droplet size produced by the sprayer is also selected depending on the object being processed, as well as weather conditions. Insecticides and fungicides are usually sprayed with a droplet size of 100-200 microns, herbicides - 100-300 microns. If there is a likelihood of the working fluid being carried away by the wind or its rapid evaporation, the droplet size is increased (up to a maximum of 300 microns).

When applying fertilizers and plant growth regulators, decisions are made based on the development phase of the crop plant. Often, to save money and increase the efficiency of treatments, drugs are mixed into tank mixtures.

Tank mixtures

Tank mixtures have two tangible advantages: the efficiency of treatment increases, the cost of fuels and lubricants is reduced due to a reduction in the number of treatments and a decrease in the amount of the drug. But such positive result is not always achieved, but only if certain rules are observed. There are many options for drug mixtures, and practicing farmers continue to discover new effective mixtures. There are products that only perform better when mixed with another (for example, the herbicide Logran, which is used together with Banvel, or dicamba-based products, which are often used in a tank mix with glyphosates). When mixing insecticidal preparations of different chemical groups (for example, pyrethroids and organophosphates), their consumption rate can be reduced to 30%, and the effectiveness of the mixture will be very high.

If we add up the possible deviations in the actual flow rate due to wear of the nozzles and deviations due to vibrations of the rod, the result is a total deviation of 2 times from the specified flow rate.

There are recommendations for mixing drugs from manufacturers that must be followed. But in the case when there are no such recommendations, as well as there is no data on practical tests, proceed as follows: in small capacity(1-1.5 l) mix the drugs. If within 30 minutes no sediment, flakes, strong foam has formed, the liquid has not thickened or become very hot, this tank mixture can be used in treatments.

When preparing the working solution, the tank is filled with clean water to 1/3-1/2 of its volume, then, with the stirrer turned on, the calculated amount of drugs and adhesive is added. Surfactants are added to the solution when the sprayer tank is almost completely filled with water, otherwise a very large amount of foam may form. It is necessary to adhere to the following order of drug dissolution (by dosage form): VDG → VE → SP, SC → CE. If a component in a water-soluble package is used in a tank mixture, dissolve this drug in the sprayer tank first. When filling the sprayer tank, the filling hose must always be above the water level to avoid back suction. The working solution must be applied immediately.

The addition of fertilizers increases the abrasiveness of the solution, which reduces the life of the sprayers. Fertilizer addition can also improve pesticide effectiveness by improving droplet properties and penetration into the plant.

Conditions for using drugs in the field

The main conditions are weather. There are many weather restrictions that prohibit spraying. First of all, this is wind speed; at speeds above 5 m/s, processing is not recommended. In addition, the use of plant protection products is regulated by temperature limits. Pyrethroid insecticides lose effectiveness at temperatures above +25 °C, herbicides based on sulfonylureas are effective in the range of +5... +25 °C, betanal herbicides at temperatures +19... +25 °C. Important! Indicated on the container label minimum temperature application means the minimum daily, usually night, temperature. In case of strong wind during spraying, it is necessary to: reduce the speed of movement, reduce operating pressure, use larger nozzles, i.e. increase the size of the droplets by all possible methods. At high temperatures, work in the evening, increasing the consumption rate of the working solution by 30-50%.

Rinse the spray barrel regularly and thoroughly. In 2-3 weeks, plaque can form there and dirt can accumulate, which can not only clog filters and sprayers, but also have a toxic effect on crops

Do not spray immediately after rain or during morning dew.

Humidity is more important than temperature. A RHV value above 60% is desirable. Operating the sprayer at night improves the quality somewhat, but if the relative air humidity is 30%, the quality will still be low. In such a situation, it is necessary to work with the maximum consumption rate of the working solution and use injection sprayers. As a rule, everyone knows that it is not recommended to spray at high temperatures, but the air humidity indicator is overlooked, although humidity is often more important than temperature.

The water in which the drugs are dissolved must be of appropriate quality. It should not contain mechanical and harmful chemical impurities, its temperature and pH must also meet the regulatory requirements of the drugs used. As a result of experiments conducted in 2010, it turned out that the air flow picks up dust from the soil surface, with which drops of the working solution are mixed and neutralized.

When the crop is in a depressed state, you need to be especially careful when applying plant protection products. Plants weakened by unfavorable weather conditions are very sensitive to the applied preparations (especially if they have phytotoxicity), therefore, if it is necessary to treat with herbicides, if possible, they should be applied in fractions or “softer” preparations should be used. Tank mixtures of drugs are “harsh” for cultivated plants; in order to smooth out the negative effect of their use, antistress agents are added to the solution.

When working after closing potato rows, increasing the application rate significantly improves efficiency - therefore it is better to increase the application rate to 400-500 (and even 600) l/ha.

Igor Redkozubov gives advice:
- The main thing is to determine the pH and hardness of your water. If the pH is high, this can be dangerous for fungicides and can reduce the effectiveness of the drug, since it forms flakes. Thus, in the Volgograd region, water is acidified when processing vegetables. It is not recommended to use sulfonylureas at a pH less than 5, and if used, use the solution as quickly as possible. At pH 3, sulfonylureas cannot be used. For each group of drugs there is optimal values pH in the form of tables, for example in the Master-Agro brochure.
Refueling a sprayer in the field

If the working solution is prepared in a sprayer, a problem arises exact dosage drug. When the container is empty, you can determine required quantity drug according to the formula: P = O x N/R, where P is required amount preparation for the full volume of the sprayer container (l), O - volume of the sprayer container (l), P - consumption rate of the working solution (l/ha), N - consumption rate of the preparation (l/ha).

The main and still unresolved problem is the uneven distribution of the working solution across the width of the rod. If for conventional (hydraulic sprayers) we are talking about unevenness of 5-7%, then for mechanical sprayers the unevenness is at the level of 20% or more (i.e., at the level of a heavily worn sprayer or poorly adjusted sprayer). The uniformity of distribution of the working solution improves with increasing rotation speed of the mechanical sprayer, but at the same time the droplet size sharply decreases to unacceptable values.

If it is necessary to prepare a working solution in an empty sprayer container, the operator must fill in the same amount of the drug. This only happens on the first fill. During further preparations, there is always a working solution left in the container, which is not enough for a full pass, and the sprayer has to be refilled. To determine which path the working solution is enough for, you can use the formula: L = 10? О/Н?Ш, where L is the distance traveled by the sprayer until the container is completely emptied (km), W is the working width of the sprayer (m). When refueling, when a certain amount of working solution remains in the sprayer tank, the amount of the drug can be calculated using the formula: P = (O - D) ? N/R, where D is the remainder of the working solution in the sprayer container (l).

Spraying is a multifaceted and difficult technological process associated with many factors. Often it is high-quality spraying that determines success in cultivating crops. We hope that the recommendations we have given will help you treat crops on high level and reliably protect the crop from weeds, diseases and pests.

The sprayer performs the most important technological operations: protecting plants from weeds, fertilizing, and pest control. Therefore, for an agricultural enterprise operating using minimal tillage or strip-till technology, such a machine is vital: without turning the layer, it is possible to cope with weeds only with the help of chemicals, says the company’s marketing manager Lemken Alexander Ladygin.

The regional representative for Central Russia of the company also points out the importance of having a sprayer on the farm Amazone Ilya Tsarkov. If you do not use plant protection products, you can easily lose up to 70% of the harvest, the specialist warns. And even if the soil has been properly prepared, sowing has been carried out according to all the rules, a lot of money has been invested in mineral fertilizers, you still may not get a harvest: if pests or disease strike, it will die. This means that the choice of such a technologically important machine should be treated with maximum attention, advises Tsarkov.

Buck: bigger is better?

Thus, in small farms with a total area of ​​up to 1 thousand hectares, the optimal price and maneuverability would be to use sprayers with a tank volume of 900-2000 liters. Most often these are mounted machines, and they, according to Tsarkov, are most suitable for agricultural enterprises with up to 1 thousand hectares of grain crops, up to 500 hectares of row crops and, possibly, with a small (up to 100 hectares) volume of vegetables.

Larger farmers with up to 4 thousand hectares of grain or row crops and up to 500 hectares of vegetables may think about units with a tank volume of 3-4 thousand liters. As a rule, these are trailed sprayers. And for land magnates with areas of over 4 thousand hectares of crops, the specialist advises to pay attention to machines whose tank holds 3.6 thousand liters. and even 12 thousand l. With such parameters, not only trailed, but also self-propelled sprayers are produced.

The volume of the tank directly affects the performance of the machine: the more often the refueling, the more the equipment is idle, explains the manager of the product group of the company’s sprayer line “ Rostselmash» Andrey Dubinin. Thus, for some crops, for example vegetables, the application rates of plant protection products (PPPs) are usually high - 300-400 l/ha, and therefore, a significant tank volume is required, the specialist gives an example.

However, the type of machine will not necessarily be trailed: maneuver on vegetable crops It’s difficult with a trailed sprayer. Therefore, mounted or self-propelled sprayers are suitable here.

In addition to the volume of the tank, Dubinin advises paying attention to the performance of the pump. A typical mistake he calls the purchase of sprayers with a low-capacity pump, on which a large tank is installed. “When working on crops with a high consumption rate of plant protection products (for example, on sugar beets), sprayers with a low-power pump of 150-180 l/min will not be able to move faster than 5-6 km/h, which is why, despite the large tank volumes, , will show low productivity in the fields,” explains the specialist.

It is also important to remember that it is impossible to endlessly increase the volume of the tank. There are technological and design limits to this - first of all, the pressure on the soil and the size of the machine, adds Alexander Ladygin. According to him, the maximum possible tank volume on most sprayers today does not exceed 6 thousand liters.

Ilya Tsarkov advises choosing the volume of the tank based not on the total sown area, but on the average size of the field on the farm. So, if the average field size does not exceed 20 hectares, then mounted machines with a tank size of up to 2 thousand liters are quite suitable. With an average field size of 40-60 hectares, it will be logistically convenient to use machines with a tank of 3-4 thousand liters. And with an average field size of 100 hectares or more, it is best to have 5-6-12 cc sprayers, he believes.

Experts advise paying attention to this same criterion when calculating the width of the rod.

Barbell: reference point to the fields

Self-propelled sprayers are considered the most productive and maneuverable. On average, for different brands their productivity ranges from 400 to 900 hectares per day. And sometimes it covers more than 1 thousand hectares, as, for example, in the agro-industrial complex "RosAgroAlliance" (Lipetsk region), where on a self-propelled sprayer Challenger RoGator production reaches 1.3 thousand hectares per day.

This speed of operation is explained, first of all, design features the machine itself, starting from the design of the suspension, frame, spraying system and ending with the increased maneuverability of self-propelled machines, ergonomics and improved maneuverability compared to trailed ones, explains the manager of the sprayer line Challenger (AGCO-RM) in Russia Dmitry Trofimov. With a wide-bar, it is easier for them to turn around than for a tractor coupled with a trailed unit. In addition, self-propelled sprayers compact the soil less.

However, performance is not the main criterion for choosing self-propelled guns, says Tsarkov: the main advantage of such vehicles is their high ground clearance (110-180 cm). First of all, they are needed by farmers cultivating tall crops: sunflower, corn and, less commonly, rapeseed. Particularly high clearance is relevant when processing these plants in the late phases of the growing season, since it allows not to injure the crops.

As for the width of the boom, it must be selected in accordance with the working width of the units working on the field. In other words, the width of the boom must be equal to or a multiple of the working width of the seeder and spreader mineral fertilizers so that when working with tramlines, do not roll over unnecessary ones, warns Vyacheslav Veklenko, regional representative for the Southern Federal District of the company Horsch. “If we work with a 12 m seeder, then it can lay a track for a sprayer of 24 m - they are multiples. But in the case of a nine-meter seeder, we will not be able to lay a track on a 24-meter boom. A sprayer with a boom width of 27 or 36 m is suitable here,” the specialist gives an example.

Wheels: track ratio

Often the mistake of a multidisciplinary farm is to buy a sprayer with a non-adjustable track width. As a result, when growing different crops, for example, corn, the row spacing of which is 70 cm, and sugar beets with a row spacing of 45 cm, it will not be possible to adjust the sprayer to the desired track.

For most sprayers, the track is adjustable (stepless or stepwise), notes Ilya Tsarkov. However, if the farm uses a non-standard track (farms growing potatoes and vegetables often experiment with this), this must be taken into account when ordering a machine from the factory.

Flow, height, norm: warn electronically

For example, a typical difficulty for most machine operators when working on fields with complex terrain is maintaining a constant boom height at a certain distance from the crop (when working with fungicides) or from the field surface (when working with herbicides).

Height affects the quality of spraying: if the boom is lowered too low, there will be no overlap, and if it is too high, there is a risk of drift of the working fluid, explains Vyacheslav Veklenko. Manufacturers of plant protection products share the same opinion, who note that an increase in the height of the treated surface by 10% of the specified one leads to an increase in the unevenness of processing by 30%.

To prevent the bar from being thrown around and to maintain the maximum horizontal position, the machine operator needs to choose a low speed mode, but taking into account the unevenness of the field itself and the features of the terrain in general, such a condition is difficult to fulfill, Ilya Tsarkov is convinced.

The automatic boom height control systems NORAC or AutoBoom (Raven company) are designed to prevent this error; they are based on ultrasonic sensors operating on the principle of an echo sounder, says Andrey Dubinin. They scan the distance to the treated surface (crop) and, in accordance with the deviation, send a command to the hydraulics of the boom: which wing to raise, lower, etc. Thus, the height of the boom position is automatically adjusted and the error is leveled out. There are extended options: for example, company Horsch on its sprayers it offers a system based on a laser scanner mounted on the roof of the cab, working in conjunction with a predictive detector that converts the data to build a surface model.

Experts call another error that directly affects the quality of spraying the instability of the speed mode: in machines with mechanical adjustment of the working pressure, the rate of application of the working solution per unit area will change with a change in speed (with a decrease in speed, the rate of application per hectare will increase, with acceleration it will decrease ). This means that the machine operator needs to maintain a strictly defined speed when working. And this, says Ilya Tsarkov, is almost impossible.

However, this error is also successfully mitigated by installing an electronic control terminal and automatic pressure regulators, which allow you to maintain a constant flow rate of the working solution regardless of the speed.

Almost all sprayer manufacturers equip their machines with such devices or recommend purchasing them so equipped.

The exception is sprayers that have a patented mechanical system (two-piston pump) powered by a wheel drive. It, according to BERTHOUD commercial representative in Russia Mikhail Medvedev, ensures constant fuel consumption per hectare, regardless of external parameters.

Most sprayer manufacturing companies offer customers navigation, auto-driving and shutdown control systems ( automatic control) sections in cultivated areas of the field and turns. This, according to Alexey Girivenko, insures buyers against errors associated with overspending and damage to crops as a result of repeated processing in overlap areas.

See forecast: selection of nozzles

If the temperature is above 25 °C and the humidity is below 40%, the solution will evaporate before reaching the plant. If, on the contrary, the temperature is lower and the humidity is higher, then spraying will become ineffective due to mixing with water and reducing the concentration of the solution. And, of course, a strong wind is an obstacle: if its gusts are above 7 m/s, the sprayed product will be blown outside the field, explains a company specialist Horsch.

Practice recent years showed that it is better to shift the time period of work on sprayers towards the dark time of the day: from 19-20 pm to 9-11 am, when the wind subsides and the heat subsides, notes Dmitry Trofimov. And, if there is no heavy dew, spraying in most cases also occurs at night. Therefore, when choosing a sprayer, you should also pay attention to navigation systems, telemetry and good optics, the specialist advises.

At the same time, each crop, as well as the type of treatment, mode and speed, has its own nozzle, and in order for spraying to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to select it taking into account the entire range of factors, says Ilya Tsarkov.

Initially, when choosing a sprayer (nozzle), you need to take into account the weather, the type of drug used (contact or systemic), the average operating speed and the rate of consumption of working fluid per hectare, says Trofimov. For example, under ideal conditions (wind less than 2 m/s, temperature regime 15-17 ºС) you can safely work with a slotted flat sprayer, which is very effective when working with contact insecticides. But as soon as conditions change (wind increases, temperature rises), such a sprayer becomes ineffective: droplets are subject to drift or evaporation, and it is difficult to achieve an excellent spraying result. In this case, injection (air-entraining) sprayers work well, where mixing of the working solution and air occurs in the sprayer itself, due to which the droplets become larger and are less blown away by the wind. Therefore, these sprayers are recommended for working with systemic drugs.

However, according to the observations of Andrey Dubinin, some farms, which are a priori located in a windy zone (for example, in the Volgograd or Rostov region) and have large fields, often work with standard slot sprayers included in the kit, which are absolutely not intended for working in such conditions . It is not surprising that the efficiency of such treatments is significantly lower than it would be if specially designed sprayers were used (injector or two-torch), for example, Versatile sprayers are now standardly equipped with these.

In addition, each nozzle has a working pressure range in which it shows its optimal performance at a certain speed of the machine, Tsarkov points out. And this pressure range must be observed in order to obtain a high-quality spray.

To avoid mistakes when selecting nozzles, they are designated by different colors (yellow, brown, green, etc.). So, if you plan to apply a product with a liquid consumption rate of 200 l/ha and an operating speed of 9 km/h, the optimal sprayer for these parameters will be the red (04) IDK nozzle with an operating pressure of 2.8 atm. (working pressure range 1-6 atm.), Tsarkov gives an example.

As the specialist explains Amazone, going beyond (and approaching the limits of the pressure range), the uniformity of the spray plume changes: closer to the upper pressure value, the number of small droplets in the spray plume increases significantly, which leads to an increased risk of drift and increased evaporation of the applied drug. For example, leaving the operating range (2-3.5 bar) of the slot sprayer into the area of ​​​​high pressure (5 bar), we will get a fine mist, and 30-40% of the drug will be carried away and evaporate.

In addition, exceeding the upper pressure limits will lead to increased wear of the nozzle, and it will fail faster. Working at the lower limit, the machine operator increases the coarse droplet size in the spray pattern, which leads to deterioration in plant wetting.

For the same reasons, it is not recommended (and this is often done locally) to install nozzles on one rod different color(and pressure accordingly). Unless, of course, we are talking about systems that allow you to install several (most often three) nozzles in one housing and change the nozzles with “one click”. As Alexander Ladygin notes, nozzles can be inserted into such “tees” for various purposes, but they will work in groups of the same type. This device allows you to quickly switch between operating modes on different crops, when weather conditions change, etc.

Each nozzle has its own specific service life, but farms often do not change them for several years, regrets a product specialist (tillage, sowing and spraying equipment) of the company John Deere Abhishek Mishra. This is done only when, over time, the nozzle wears out, its working hole increases, the drop becomes larger, the angle changes and the quality of the treatment deteriorates.

To understand how urgent the need to change the nozzle is, Abhishek Mishra advises conducting a test: using measuring cups, measure how much liquid is poured through the nozzle in a certain time. For example, at an operating pressure of 5 bar per minute, the nozzle flows 1.8 liters. If these indicators deviate from the table value by more than 10%, the nozzle needs to be changed. To speed up the procedure, the check can be done section by section.

However, few people pay due attention to this, so on farms it is a common phenomenon when sprayers on one boom pour different amounts of solution per unit of time, Andrey Dubinin shares his observations. As a result, we have uneven cultivation of crops, which ultimately results in crop losses.

According to Mikhail Medvedev from BERTHOUD, injector calibration should be done weekly: it takes little time and can be easily done by the farmer.

You should not save on nozzles: the cost of a set of 10 nozzles is 13-15 euros, while the additional expense of worn-out nozzles when irrigating large areas can result in losing several million rubles per season, not to mention crop losses due to reduced quality of treatment , warns Mishra.

No downtime

This process can be optimized, first of all, by having a capacious water container that allows the sprayer to be refueled in the field to eliminate downtime, as well as by preparing mother liquors in advance (in the case of using tank mixtures), and a telemetry system will help to quickly track this factor, that is, a system remote monitoring, says Trofimov.

In addition, the efficiency of the supply chain will increase significantly if the sprayer does not have to travel to refill water at one place (pond, water pump, etc.), adds Mishra. Tanks filled with water should wait for him at the edge of the field. In this case, refueling will take a few minutes, and work productivity will increase by 2-3 times, the specialist calculates.

Wash more often

With irregular washing, hoses and internal elements cars, states Mikhail Medvedev. Due to sedimentation and crystallization of the tank mixture, the pressure sensor first breaks, and the sediment accumulating on its surface will produce errors on the computer processor.

Indeed, the solution left in the tank settles in the form of sediment and clogs all narrow holes, which can lead to failure of complex electronics and valves that turn on the supply of the mixture, confirms Alexander Ladygin.

Experts recommend washing your car after each shift. Vyacheslav Veklenko also points out the need for washing when changing the working preparation: in addition to the fact that different preparations can, when combined, lose their effectiveness, mixing some chemical media is generally unacceptable.

When switching to other types of drugs, Ladygin advises washing the main tank three times.

Alexey Girivenko, in addition to the tank and boom, also insists on regular daily washing of all machine filters.

All large particles, including deposits from the tank, will definitely remain in two filters (coarse and fine). They should in no way get into the valves and injectors, warns Alexander Ladygin. The main mistake that leads to breakdowns of working pumps is untimely cleaning of filters. The appearance of vacuum in the pump suction line is the main reason for membrane failure, says the specialist.

Not all operators like to wash filter elements, and only when the system pressure drops or rises sharply do they realize that the filter is clogged, Aleksey Girivenko gives an example of the situation. But unscrewing one nut, removing the filter bowl and rinsing the cartridge with a stream of water is not at all difficult. Given that most modern machines have automatic circulation washing, you just need to press a button.

Filters require even more careful attention if refilling occurs from a reservoir, says Abhishek Mishra, explaining that in this case there is a high probability of dirt, impurities, etc. getting into the pump. Moreover, foreign objects (packages) can get into the pump from such reservoirs , stones, lighters, etc.), which will inevitably lead to breakdown of the entire system. But the filters must also be monitored when water comes from water tankers, the specialist emphasizes.

Too difficult

“Most often this happens if a farm purchased a sprayer in the fall: dealers, as a rule, demonstrated the advantages of the machine over the buyer, poured water, showed the operation of all systems, etc.,” says Dubinin. — After which the buyer put the car in the garage, taking minimal care of its conservation (new, not yet working), and left it until spring. And before the start of the season, it turns out that the remaining water has caused problems.”

Another problem pointed out by Mikhail Medvedev and Andrei Dubinin is the lack of qualified personnel on the farm’s staff.

“When management (and most often this problem arises in large holdings) decides to purchase a sprayer “stuffed” with electronics, it would be a good idea to conduct a preliminary selection of personnel and find out the readiness of the personnel to work with this machine. It is best to train machine operators and explain in detail in practice the purpose of machine control systems. This will significantly reduce the number of errors in work, increase productivity and quality of plant processing,” notes Dubinin.

Medvedev shares the same opinion. “In the absence of qualified employees, it is better to purchase equally productive and high-quality machines, but completely mechanical action, without complicated electronics,” he says.

Doesn't safety count?

Today this error is less common, but previously almost no thought was given to operator safety, states Dmitry Trofimov, manager of the Challenger sprayer line (AGCO-RM) in Russia. However, this is the most important problem in the agricultural industry as a whole, the specialist has no doubt, since there is a shortage of qualified machine operators and not everyone agrees to work when spraying.

After all, in most cases they work with highly toxic chemical compounds, which - especially in concentrated form - can cause serious harm to human health, explains Vyacheslav Veklenko, regional representative for the Southern Federal District of Horsch. The times have not yet been forgotten when a machine operator or entomologist who worked for 10-15 years in plant protection received a disability group.

First of all, you need a safe cab, in which the operator must not only have visibility and comfort, but also a clean and safe air. Now there are carbon filters and other systems for protecting and purifying air in cabins, the ability to remotely refill the working solution and flush the spray system, which reduces contact with an aggressive environment to a minimum. However, operator safety is still a sore point.

“I often see operators using their bare hands to repair areas of the machine that come into direct contact with poisons,” exclaims John Deere Product Specialist (Tillage, Planting and Spraying) Abhishek Mishra. — Eliminate such manifestations, take care of the footage! You cannot work without special clothing, glasses and other equipment when refilling the working solution and making repairs.”

“Of course, over the past two decades, a lot has been done both in terms of improving sprayer safety systems and in developing new generations of less toxic plant protection products. However, this aspect does not lose its relevance today, Veklenko notes. How does the process of refueling a field sprayer work? To what extent does a person come into contact with pesticides? How insulated is the operator's work area? These are the issues that should never be ignored when using even the most advanced sprayer.

Think about the service

Considering the specifics of Russia - the remoteness of service bases, the length of regions and the quality of roads - you can rely on self-propelled vehicles (which are more expensive than trailed ones) only if you have full confidence in the quality of service and its availability, warns Vyacheslav Veklenko, regional representative for the Southern Federal District of Horsch. The fact is that trailed vehicles are usually simpler, cheaper and faster to repair. If a self-propelled sprayer fails, professionals must provide a solution to the problem as soon as possible.

Don’t be lazy to collect feedback from other farms in your region about the work of the dealer’s service department, because service and spare parts are also an important factor when choosing agricultural machinery and equipment, advises Dmitry Trofimov, manager of the Challenger sprayer line (AGCO-RM) in Russia. Before purchasing, visit the dealership and be sure to take the coordinates of farms where such machines are already operating, don’t be lazy, talk to the users of this equipment, and observe future partners. It is better to learn from the mistakes of others, because your own in agricultural production are very expensive.

Purpose

It is necessary to take into account

GARDENA Backpack sprayer 12 l

Welcome to the garden with GARDENA...

This is a translation of the original German operating instructions. Read it
please be careful and follow her instructions. Check it out using
these operating instructions with our backpack sprayer, the correct
its use and safety instructions.

For safety reasons, children and adolescents under 16 years of age, as well as persons who have not studied

After reading these operating instructions, use the backpack sprayer
prohibited. Persons with limited physical or mental abilities
The product may only be used in the presence of or after instruction.
responsible person.

Please keep these instructions carefully.

1. Area of ​​application for your backpack sprayer

2. Safety instructions

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4. Operation

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5. Maintenance

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Troubleshooting

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7. Decommissioning

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8. Supplied accessories

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9. Technical data

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10. Service / Warranty

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1. Area of ​​application for your backpack sprayer

The GARDENA backpack sprayer is designed for spraying
liquid, free of chemical solvents
pest control products

and weeds

And also convenient

Window cleaning products

Care solutions

car body

in private farms and gardening

partnerships.
The sprayer must not be used in public
places, parks and sports facilities, as well as in rural areas
and forestry.
A necessary condition for proper use of the sprayer is
The main thing is to comply with the attached instructions for ex-
installations from GARDENA. .

1) In accordance with the law on plant protection products and detergents

products may only be used that are approved for use
materials (approved for sale).

Due to the risk of injury, the backpack sprayer
The GARDENA body may only be used with a re-
numerical manufacturer of liquid products.
Do not spray acids or disinfectants
and impregnation.

It is recommended to use only approved BBA (federal
National Office for Biology in Germany) funds. To GARDENA
at the time of manufacture of the backpack sprayer there were no
known to have a harmful effect on device materials
ra substances for treating plants that would be acceptable
BBA puppies for use.
When spraying insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, for
which their manufacturers provide special measures for
caution, these measures must be followed.

Have you purchased a sprayer and are ready to try the unit in action? We advise you to take your time and first read this article. We offer detailed instructions for operating the sprayer, thanks to which you will not have any problems when using this tool.

Sprayer Operating Manual

First, familiarize yourself in detail with the structure of the unit and the description of its operation. Pay attention to the operation of the control levers and make note of important points. Please note that failure to follow the instructions in the instructions may result in damage to the sprayer.

1. Before work, inspect the area and make sure that there is no foreign objects, which can cause you to trip;
2. Be sure to remove strangers (including children) and animals from the place of work;
3. Evaluate your strengths wisely. If you feel tired, it is better to stop spraying;
4. Sprayer operating instructions involves performing work in comfortable clothing. Avoid loose items and jewelry. Make sure that your shoes do not have slippery soles. When spraying various toxic substances, use respiratory and eye protection, as well as rubber gloves;
5. To prevent accidental fires, do not allow debris to accumulate on the engine near the gas tank;
6. Start the sprayer carefully, strictly following the manufacturer's instructions;
7. To ensure safe use of the tool, ensure that all nuts and bolts are securely tightened;
8. When working with the device, pay attention to the direction of the wind (spraying should be carried out in its direction), especially when using a pesticide;
9. Use the unit only in daytime or in good artificial light;
10. If a breakdown is detected, do not try to repair the tool yourself; it is better to contact a qualified specialist;
11. Follow the operating instructions and refuel the sprayer away from open flame sources. Before adding fuel, you must turn off the engine and make sure it has cooled down;
12. Do not use equipment indoors if it is poorly ventilated;
13. If you notice faulty wires in the ignition system, we advise you to refrain from starting the engine;
14. When stopping work, even for a short time, always turn off the device;
15. Do not operate the device if you smell gasoline or if fuel was spilled while refueling the instrument. Before turning on the engine, carefully remove any remaining fuel from the device;
16. When working with equipment, it is necessary to avoid contact with the muffler and cylinder fins, as this can lead to serious burns;
17. The operating manual provides for starting the sprayer on the ground (floor). In this case, the speed regulator must be in the initial position;
18. Please note that the sprayer must be in a vertical position; it cannot be placed horizontally, as this may lead to toxic chemicals or fuel leaking out of the tank;
19. Do not use the device during rain or strong wind. Avoid spraying liquid in the direction open doors and windows, cars, as well as playgrounds and other objects (this can cause chemical poisoning);
20. During processing personal plot poison, direct contact with the poisonous substance and its entry into the body should be avoided. If this happens, consult a doctor immediately.

According to the instructions, the sprayer is intended only for the use of aqueous solutions of chemicals. It cannot be used for spraying gasoline, kerosene, solvents and other substances based on them.