What kind of floors should there be in a frame house? Step lag in a frame house. Piece and roll materials

If you are planning to build a frame country house, then you should pay attention to the designs of all elements of the building. The roof, walls (outdoor, indoor), ceilings and floor are made in the form of a “pie”, a multi-layer structure. If all the technology is followed, then we actually get a thermos.

The technological process of arranging each element of the building offers a different sequence and combination of components of a multilayer structure.

So the roof has its own set of layers, and the floor has its own. In this article we will look at the features of the floor “pie” frame house, installation methods.

Before choosing a floor material, you should decide on the type of foundation.

In most cases, frame houses are built on or on a type foundation. This is primarily due to the fact that the house is not heavy, up to 16 tons. And the pile foundation is the cheapest, since it does not require the use of special construction equipment. Therefore, we will accept that the foundation of our house has a pile appearance.

To ensure reliable insulation, a double layer is laid. Also, instead of timber, you can use boards with a width of 15-25 cm and a thickness of 5-6 cm. The laying technology is the same on the edge.

For attic spaces the subfloor must be strong to withstand the weight of the insulation and an adult. Usually in the attic glass wool (insulation) is left in open form, so the entire load falls on the subfloor of the attic.

Treatment is used to protect all wooden structures. by special means antiseptics and penetrating compounds. But there are small nuances; it is better to process everything before installation, each element separately.

If the height allows, then the subfloor is filled from below directly onto the supporting beams. As was said above, everything must be treated with protective agents.

The second method is to make secondary guides on top of the log, but this method is not widespread, as it will require additional costs.

In most cases, the foundation is low and cranial bars are used, which are made of timber measuring 5 x 5 cm. They are attached to the bottom of the logs or beams using self-tapping screws or nails.

Around this place, it is better to use basalt glass wool, and treat the boards well with a penetrating compound.

And the surface of the finished floor is covered metal sheet or a sheet of asbestos.

Pile foundation base

Since we are using a foundation, there is space between the subfloor and the ground. Many people make the mistake of completely sewing up this space.

Thinking they are reducing heat losses, but in fact, moisture accumulates in this space and has nowhere to go, which leads to an acceleration of the process of wood rotting.

To prevent this from happening, ventilation holes are left on opposite sides, which are decorated with grilles. You should also not close the vents for the winter.

Installation of heated floors in a frame house

Both water heating and electric heating are used.

Let's start with electrical method, since it is often used in the installation of heated floors. Cable floors, infrared and heating mats are used. It is best to trust the specialists.

IN Lately more and more popular water heating wooden floor, as it is much cheaper than electric.

Water heating can be arranged in three ways:

• Swedish stove.
• Use of heat-reflecting plates.
• Use of concrete screed.

Swedish stove - Quite an expensive method of installing heated floors.

It is as follows:

You should wait until the concrete has completely set. We get that the Swedish stove is a full-fledged one. Subsequently, we build a frame house on this slab.

Use of heat-reflecting plates.

What is a frame house? It's not heavy building construction, assembled from ready-made sections. To reduce the weight of the house, as well as to increase the speed of construction and variety appearance houses, frame houses are covered with siding. It is better to look at such options for finishing houses and. The house is being assembled, on a strip, less often columnar foundation. The design of foundations of this type is supported only by the walls and partitions of the house, the space of the rooms turns out to be “empty” and has no supports.

It is impossible to make a floor “in weight”, so the floor design is frame house involves the installation of additional supports between the walls of the house.

Note. A strip foundation allows you to dig an underground floor in a house. If you are planning it, then immediately decide on its location and make a small formwork to fit its size. It will protect the space for the underground from sand and gravel, which must be poured onto the ground.

Floor construction in a frame house in layers

The main task of the floor in a frame house is not only strength, but also warmth. It is especially important to retain heat in a house on a columnar foundation. Columnar foundations for residential buildings are rarely made, so we will assume that we have a strip foundation. But the strip foundation, due to the ventilation holes in it, constantly breathes and the wind “walks” under the house.

• So, the first requirement for a floor in a frame house is heat retention.
• The second requirement for a floor is strength.. And here solutions appear or different technologies construction of the floor of the first floor of a frame house.

Two floor design options for a frame house

Construction technologies offer two options for installing the floor of the first floor of a frame house:

• Floor construction without intermediate supports;
• Floor construction with intermediate supports.

Floor construction without intermediate supports

The strength requirements for the floor of a house are the following requirements. Floor joists, both the first and the second floor, should not bend more than 1/250 of their length. That is, if the length of the log is 3 meters, it can bend no more than 12 mm.

Now about the design load. In the old fashioned way, it is customary to calculate the load of a frame house at the rate of: from 170 kg/m2 to 190kg/m2. Modern materials allow you to reduce the load from the weight of the floor structure itself to 100-120 kg/meter2. To this load we add the load from people and furniture and take the total design load on the floor and ceiling of a frame house 350 kg/m2.

I won’t bore you with calculations, everything has been calculated before us. We look at the table of the dependence of the span between the logs on the distance between the walls and the cross-section of the coniferous logs. As you can see, everything is simple, clear and logical, than bigger room, the thicker the lag.

Note. The calculated distance between the joists can be changed downward to fit the size of the plywood sheets ( OSB sheet ov). The joint of the sheets should lie in the middle of the joist.

Two floor structures in a frame house without supports

It's time to look at two support-free floor designs.

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Design 1.

I wrote about this design in the article “Construction of a subfloor.” The technology is visible in the figure. I'll describe it.

• Logs are laid with a calculated step (table above);
• Bars are attached to the bottom of the logs, they are called cranial;
• A 35 mm board is laid on the cranial bars, perpendicular to the joists, it is called a roll;
• Waterproofing (film) is laid on the roll with a spade on the logs;
• There are two layers of insulation on it, the second layer rotates 90°;
• This structure is covered with sheets of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB sheets. A layer of proprietary vapor barrier is laid under the plywood;
• Any finishing material can be laid on plywood. Only for laying parquet, you will have to lay a second layer of plywood.

Design 2.

There is a second floor structure without supports. It is more bulky and will “steal” the height of the rooms, but it is more durable and warmer.

• Plywood (OSB sheet) 12 mm thick is laid on the logs;
• A film is spread over it to protect it from wind and water;
• A second layer of lags is laid on the film, perpendicular to the joists;
• Further on the first design: insulation between the joists, vapor barrier, OSB board 15-18 mm, finishing floor.

Floor construction in a frame house on supports

In order to save lags and increase the strength of the floor, supporting pedestals can be made under the lags. They are made of concrete or brick. A reinforced concrete platform is made under the supports. Two or three layers of brick are laid on top of the concrete. Roofing felt is spread over the brick and the logs rest on it. The supports rest on cushions made of sand and crushed stone.

Note. To improve the quality of floor installation work and prolong its operation, it makes sense to fill the entire space between the foundation walls with a 15 cm layer of sand, compact it and fill it with a 15 cm layer of crushed stone.

The distance between supports is 700-1000 mm. Calculated by location. The outer supports recede from the walls of the house by 300-350 mm.

After installing the supports, the floor structure is the same as in Design 1, described above: crock block, rolling, waterproofing (film), two layers of insulation, OSB 15-18 mm board, vapor barrier, finished floor.

Material for work

• Logs according to design dimensions;
• Board 35-40 mm for rolling;
• Beam 50x50 (for design 1);
• Chain-link mesh, cement, gravel, sand, red brick not slotted, roofing felt (for supports);
• Moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards;
• Film 200 microns (waterproofing and wind insulator);
• Rolled vapor barrier;
• The insulation is mineral wool (it does not rot);
• Nails, screws.

It doesn’t take very much time to build a frame house. Thanks to simple construction technology, strength and reliability, frame houses are very popular. The flooring in such a house is slightly different from the usual construction options. Its arrangement follows immediately after the foundation stage, and only then the frame of the walls and roof are erected.

Any construction begins with ordering a project plan.

To build a frame house you will also need:

• hammer;
• chisel;
• electric plane;
• circular saw for wood;
• level;
• plumb line;
• drill and drill bits;
• screwdrivers;
• pencil;
• ladder;
• tassels.

1. We lay the trim along the sides of the house, parallel to the floor beams. We place the boards on their ends, aligning them outer edge lie down and fasten them to them with nails in increments of 20 cm.
2. We mark the location of the logs. We measure 40 cm from the corner along the laid trim board. We lay out the boards for the joists on the beams, place them on the side plane and align them according to the markings.
3. If the length of the board covers the length of the building, on the other side we carry out the markings in the same way. We cut the logs and fasten them with nails to the frame and planks, check them and fasten them to the beams at the intersection.
4. If the size of the building is larger, then we overlap the logs. The joint should be on the floor beam. We cut 30 cm intermediate joists and nail the joints together, using the scraps as spacers. Then we fix the logs to the floor beams.

Floor insulation

The optimal material for insulation is . Its disadvantage is the loss of thermal insulation ability when wet. Therefore, we protect the insulation layer with a vapor-waterproofing and windproof film.

If low-density insulation is selected, we sew a subfloor treated with bioprotection under the joists.

How to make flooring

Often the floor covering in the rooms differs, so a layer of 16 - 20 mm is placed on the logs, and finishing occurs after construction is completed.

1. We mark the sheets of plywood so that the joints are on the joist. We coat the logs liquid nails(eliminates squeaking and additionally strengthens), lay sheets of plywood, fasten with nails or self-tapping screws.
2. We leave a 2 mm gap between the sheets so that when high humidity the floor did not move.
3. In the places where communications pass through the plywood, we make cuts with a circular saw, for which we first mark it.
4. We align the edges of the plywood with the trim board, mark them using coated thread and trim them.

After the floor has been arranged, further construction can be carried out - the construction of the roof. The finishing coating is laid on the floor after installation of the internal partitions.

Warm floor in a frame house

You need to think through everything at the floor planning stage important details. That is, if you need the floor in the bathroom, or the entire floor in the house, to be heated, you need to make a thermal coating in advance.

It is necessary to study all types of heating and choose the desired one. Warm floors can be installed throughout the entire house, and only in certain rooms.

It consists of a system plastic pipes, which are placed throughout the room or house. If your frame house is equipped, take care of managing this system, make a control center located in a place where it will not disturb anyone.

Options for saving on floors and floors

Save on manufacturing interfloor ceilings and floors you can use:

• used floorboards;
• door leaves instead of a floorboard.

Not new batten most often even better than that one, which is sold to us at construction markets. It tends to be drier, and by using it, you reduce the risk of it leading. The price of such material can be several times lower than a new raw board.

You can find it at the dismantling of old buildings and technical structures.

Saving on floors by using old interior doors

The second option is to use door panels instead of boards. You can find old ones interior doors and lay them instead of boards. Everything is covered from above parquet board. Thus, you can save tens of thousands of rubles on an average-sized house.

Using this method, you can also save on time, since wooden sheets are faster to cover than boards.

You can find old door panels during the demolition of old five-story buildings or in production, where defective lots are bought for next to nothing

The construction of a frame house using Scandinavian or Canadian technology differs in many ways from the construction of a brick structure. One of these important points is the arrangement of floors in a frame house. Home distinctive feature floors in frame structures is their installation before the walls are erected. The floor is one of the most critical elements of a frame house, because the entire load will fall on it, and then on the foundation.

The most important part is the ground floor floor. It is this element that we will consider first.

Arrangement of the ground floor floor begins immediately after installation of the foundation. In many ways First stage installation will depend on the type of foundation: strip concrete foundation, columnar or foundation on screw piles. In the case of a columnar or pile foundation, the lower frame is assembled first. The horizontality of the foundation is checked and, using wedges or thin bars, a strictly horizontal frame is installed, which is usually made of timber with a cross-section of at least 50x200 mm. The strapping beam must be isolated from the foundation with a layer of waterproofing. The timber itself is treated with a deep penetration antiseptic.

In the case of building a house on a strip foundation (used when the number of floors is 2 or more), assembly of the frame is optional. Level control strip foundation is carried out at the time of filling. Often, the strip foundation already has grooves for the logs or the ends of the reinforcement are left.

Selection of lags

The load on the foundation will be calculated for you when drawing up a house project, but you will have to calculate the load on the floor (when building a house with your own hands). Here you need to take into account one rule: under the final load, the lag should not sag by more than 1 cm for every 2.5 meters of length. For ease of selection correct section lags there is a simple table:

If we take into account that most insulation boards have a width of 60 cm, and the size of the rooms rarely exceeds 3 m, then the optimal cross-section for the logs of the first floor is a beam of 50x200 mm, and the distance between the logs is 60 cm. Supports with a significant margin of safety lead to an increase in the weight of the house. As a result, this requires a stronger foundation, which will lead to a significant increase in the cost of the house as a whole.

If it is not possible to meet the required parameters for a given cross-section of the beam and the distance between the supports, additional supports are made of brick or concrete.

The order of laying the logs

• When laying logs directly on the foundation, the boards are waterproofed from the foundation with a layer of roofing felt or glassine.
• All logs must be treated with fire-retardant compounds to prevent the appearance of mold.
• The two outer beams are laid, their level along the length and relative to each other is controlled. Twine is stretched between them to control the level of the intermediate beams.
• The logs are laid with a planned step under the insulation.

Expert opinion

Sergey Yurievich

Construction of houses, extensions, terraces and verandas.

Attaching the joists to concrete base produced using anchors. TO wooden harness The logs are secured using fastening angles and self-tapping screws. Before insulating the floor, you need to worry about protecting your home from rodents and pests. To do this, you can use a fine-mesh mesh. In the case of constructing a strip foundation, it is also necessary to ensure ventilation of the base. In houses on a pile or columnar foundation, vents are made during the process of covering the base.

Insulation of the floor of the 1st floor

The floor insulation scheme will depend on the selected insulation material: mineral wool, polystyrene foam or extrusion.

Floor insulation with organic insulation based on polystyrene foam

It is considered the most simple option. With this method, a subfloor is laid on top of the installed joists. The material can be any moisture-resistant material: OSB, moisture-resistant plywood, chipboard or even board treated with appropriate compounds. The most commonly used is OSB. On top of the rough flooring, bars with a section of 50x100 or 50x150 (depending on the required thickness of insulation) are installed perpendicular to the direction of the logs. They are secured with self-tapping screws. The pitch between the bars is selected according to the width of the insulation. Since the insulation will be tightly sealed, laying additional vapor barrier is not required either before or after the insulation. Insulation is laid between the bars, all seams between the insulation sheets and the bars are sealed using polyurethane foam or adhesive foam.

In the case of construction using Canadian technology, flooring on the joists can be carried out with ready-made factory-produced SIP panels. In this case, rough flooring is not needed. The panels are connected to each other using the tongue and groove method, the seams are sealed polyurethane foam or sealant (in some cases, mastic is applied to the joists before laying the floor panels).

Floor insulation with mineral wool

Insulation stone wool used more often in frame construction because of economy. The main disadvantage mineral insulation is the loss of properties when wet. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the protection of the insulation from moisture, as well as the removal excess condensate. There are 2 options for insulating the floor of the 1st floor with stone wool: the insulation is laid between the joists, or a rough flooring with a frame for the insulation is installed along the joists.

When insulating between joists to bottom side timber is hemmed with a board 25 mm thick. Before filing the boards, a vapor-permeable membrane can be secured using a construction stapler. Sometimes this film can be laid after the installation of the lower flooring. In this case, the logs are wrapped in a membrane and targeted. Next, mineral wool is laid. The slabs must fit tightly to the frame elements. When insulating in several layers, each subsequent layer is laid overlapping the previous one to avoid cold bridges. A contour is spread over the last layer of mineral wool vapor barrier film, which is aimed at the joists using a construction stapler. All construction film sheets must be spread with an overlap of at least 10 cm. OSB, chipboard, plywood or a finishing coating are laid on top of the vapor barrier.

Insulation over joists is essentially no different from the method when using polystyrene foam as insulation. On top of the logs, a rough flooring is made of moisture-resistant material, on which a vapor-permeable membrane is laid - frame timber - vapor barrier contour - finishing flooring. This method is a little simpler technologically, but requires significantly more material.

Construction of a floor in a frame house

The use of water-based heated floors in frame houses

Increasingly, they are used for heating a private home. floor systems heating. This heating principle allows you to create a favorable microclimate in the house. Even if heating is provided by radiators, water heated floors are usually provided in the bathroom and bathroom. The difficulty of installing this heating system in a frame house lies in the relationship between wood and high temperatures. The presence of coolant in the thickness of the wood causes deformation wooden structures. In addition, wood finishes are poor heat conductors. Therefore, the main stages of installation of water heated floors will include preparation for the finishing coating and insulation of the coolant from the frame.

When working with extruded polystyrene foam as insulation, installation is greatly simplified, because this material is not afraid of moisture. A sealant with a foil layer is placed between the insulation and the pipes with the coolant (sometimes a mesh is laid on top of it). Then it executes concrete screed thickness of at least 50 mm. If as finishing coating If tiles or porcelain stoneware are used, no additional preparation is required. For working with laminate or linoleum use special substrates. When choosing a “warm floor” heating system, it is necessary to take this into account in the design, because this option significantly makes the structure heavier. You may have to make a choice in favor of a strip foundation, and make the floors of the first floor from metal.

The situation is much more complicated with floors that are based on insulation. mineral wool. It may be more advisable to choose more expensive "warm floors" that come with a special slab of composite materials or chipboard with special grooves for pipes. The original pie looks the same: wind protection - insulation with frame timber or lags - vapor barrier. Next, aluminum plates or technical foil are laid. Slabs with grooves for pipes are laid on top of it, or chipboard is cut, which is laid with slats, between which pipes with coolant will be laid. Foamed polyethylene foam and gypsum fiber board sheets are laid on top of the pipes, which already serve as the base for the tile floor. Laminate or linoleum is also laid on the substrate. Installation of electric heated floors is no different in technology from water heating systems.

Monolithic slab with insulation in the thickness

Due to the complexity of installing heated floors in a frame house, the developer often suggests constructing the foundation and floor of the first floor in the form monolithic slab on the ground.

Stages of work:

1. preparation of the base from sand or crushed stone;
2. waterproofing the future slab using bitumen mastic;
3. insulation (expanded polystyrene or extrusion);
4. foil film;
5. heated floor pipes are laid, and all necessary engineering systems in the key components of the future home (sewage, water supply, electricity);
6. pouring a slab with a thickness of at least 50 mm.

You can begin installation on the finished monolithic slab. Your floors are already ready for any of finishing materials. A monolithic slab floor has a number of advantages, but the main disadvantage is the requirement for special equipment and skills. Typically, the construction of such a foundation and floor is available only to construction companies.

Second floor floor

The floor of the second floor no longer has the same thermal insulation requirements. The exception is the floors of cold attic spaces, but in this case we are more likely talking about insulating the ceiling of the first floor. In terms of its design, the floor of the second floor is practically no different from the floor of the first floor when it is insulated in the thickness of the logs. After installing the walls, the installation of interfloor ceilings is carried out from timber 50x150 or 50x200 mm. The rules for load are no different from the floor of the first floor, so you can use the same table. Installation of logs is carried out in increments according to the insulation used.

Frame house construction differs in some functional features laying the floor. It is necessary to carefully study the technology of building a house in order to correctly install the floor according to the pie principle.

Photo 1 - Flooring work

Warm floors will significantly reduce heat loss and help maintain comfortable temperature. At the stage of installing the floor, it is necessary to consider the installation of thermal insulation. Frame house construction, as already mentioned, in its structure resembles layered cake. All elements of sandwich panels form one whole. The principle of the pie is the basis for the construction of the floor of the house.

The floor consists of the following elements:

• Wooden logs. Logs are 150x50 mm boards that are used for flooring.
• Lathing;
• Insulation material (for example, mineral wool);
• Top material.

Important! To properly distribute the load on the floor covering, as well as to ensure that the floor surface is horizontal and level, it is recommended to install a so-called subfloor.

The subfloor can be made from 100x20 mm boards. The boards that are used must be treated with protective antiseptics. IN wooden houses most often the subfloor is made on joists.

Scheme 1 - Laying the floor according to the pie principle

Floor installation in a frame house

Frame buildings have their own characteristics regarding the construction of the floor. The floor in this design is erected immediately after the foundation is installed. Then the remaining parts are installed: the frame of the walls and the roof. Based on the features of this construction it is necessary to select suitable weather conditions to prevent the structure from getting wet.

1. The foundation must be prepared: check the equality of all angles, and, if necessary, level the foundation with a cement mixture.
2. It is necessary to waterproof the foundation.
3. Boards, 50 mm thick, which are called “legs”, must be fixed to the foundation. The beds are secured with anchor bolts, which must be installed during the foundation construction stage.
4. It is necessary to carefully check the horizontalness of the structure using a building level. During the work, cracks are formed, which should then be filled with concrete.
5. Now you need to prepare the beams that will act as the base for the logs. The beams will be supporting elements that will give the structure even greater stability.
6. Lag strapping.
7. Floor insulation.

Scheme 2 - Floor arrangement

An important point in construction is the thickness of the walls of a frame house. On construction market There are many materials available that are characterized by high heat transfer and good strength. In this case, the wall thickness can be only 18-20 cm. This option is beneficial in terms of cost and energy consumption.

Pie wall frame house

The wall pie of a frame house is a multilayer structure that is used in frame construction. Each layer of sandwich panels performs its own function.

A proper wall pie consists of the following elements:

• frame made of timber - thickness from 150x50;
• insulation;
• OSB plate – thickness from 15 cm;
• horizontal lathing;
• insulation;
• vapor barrier membrane;
• vertical lathing;
• external finishing;
• vapor barrier material;
• drywall or other interior sheathing.

When laying walls, it is necessary to create a ventilation gap through which condensation would evaporate. Such a gap is formed if the covering, for example lining, is first laid on the sheathing.

Scheme 3 - Layout of the floor and walls

Laying the floor is not a difficult stage in building a house, provided that it is done technically correctly. A floor made using the sandwich panel principle will reduce heat loss and increase the service life of the entire house.