home · electrical safety · Console house. Console house over the sea, USA. § Wooden frame

Console house. Console house over the sea, USA. § Wooden frame

The search for a suitable site for development in the vicinity of the metropolis was long, and almost stopped us from realizing our long-standing plans to build our own home. The best lands almost everyone was busy, and what remained did not inspire optimism.

Without hoping for a miracle, we nevertheless decided to choose a rocky area located on a slope, almost entirely overgrown with trees, behind which a very spectacular panorama could be seen. The site seemed quite suitable for us to try our hand at. House on consoles or console house, (Fig. 1) - here, perhaps, main idea, from which our project was born.

The house stands at an angle relative to the street, with its facade facing the city. Because we wanted almost all the rooms to face east, the house was long, narrow, and had a simple layout, with the living areas separated from the utility rooms and staircases by a hallway. On the ground floor there are four bedrooms, two bathrooms and a laundry room, on the second floor there is a living-dining room and a kitchen with a breakfast nook. The tiny basement floor houses communal spaces. The flat roof above the living room serves as a walking platform.

§ Steel console

Our first instinct was to build a cantilever house with a load-bearing structure made of multi-layer laminated timber. However, after calculating the approximate estimate, we immediately abandoned this option, since the amount was too significant.

We then considered using for the frame steel structures, welded from channels. This option also turned out to be expensive, so in order to save a little, we reduced the working length of the main spans and consoles. Besides, most The beams were reinforced with an angle, thereby reducing the load on the supporting structures, which made it possible to further reduce metal consumption by almost 30% - this is approximately 12 tons. If you convert it into money, it comes out to about $8000-$9000.

In the east-west direction (where there were no consoles) we decided to install diagonal braces made of steel rod. Their cross-section is small, since they work only in tension. Turnbuckles installed at the upper ends of the rods allowed the installers to align the structure vertically, gradually taking up the slack in the system. After completing this adjustment, the couplings were welded.

A separate steel frame was made for the garage, located on the same level with the street and top floor Houses. The passage to it, 14.5 m long, rests on two welded beams 20.4 m long, spanning the ravine between the garage and front door to the house.

The difficulty in installing the beams was that we did not want to cut down the trees surrounding the house. After weighing all the pros and cons, we decided to bring halves of the beams and then weld them on site using welding electrodes for surfacing, reinforcing the joints with steel plates. The finished beams were lifted by crane and installed in place. The steel frame of the house made it possible to work on the wooden frame above, while downstairs it was possible to continue working on the remaining metal structures of the garage and passage.

§ Wooden frame

Wooden frame The structure rests on pressure-treated beams with a cross-section of 50 × 150 mm, bolted to steel base beams. The nuts were tightened until they were flush with the top plane of the beams. Design console house– platform-frame, with load-bearing posts 50 × 150 mm around the perimeter and wooden I-beams 5.2 m long. To ensure maximum bearing capacity of the frame, most of the racks were installed in increments of 0.6 m.

The outside of the house was sheathed with moisture-resistant plywood 12 mm thick (bought in bulk, $350/cube), which increases the rigidity of the middle section, which takes the main load from a strong north-east wind. In addition, we decided to build intermediate walls that work in bending, also covering them with 12 mm plywood.

The design of the solid subfloor plays an important role in the perception of external lateral loads; all the boards are glued and nailed, and the floor in the living room, slightly higher than the rest, has a frame in the form of a separate platform installed on top of the main floor.

The roof structure of the living room is of particular interest. Under it there is a belt of skylight windows, and the roof itself serves as a walking platform. Supported by corner posts 150 × 150 mm, the roof frame (Fig. 3) is assembled from wooden I-beams connected end-to-end to the framing beams with steel elements. At each end of the living room, “stiffening boxes” are installed, which are frames covered with plywood. They provide additional structural stability. To prevent water from stagnating, the decking of the site has a slight slope from the wall of the house. To do this, we nailed beveled wooden spacers on top of the supporting beams.

East wall of the staircase – additional element rigidity. Its frame is made of racks 50 × 300 × 8500 mm, installed at intervals of 700 mm. These are very bulky elements, and after their installation the result was enormous in size. wooden wall. After covering it, we mounted the staircase by attaching a cable with a hook and a pulley to the rafter above the staircase opening and pulling all three flights sequentially into place.

§ Design features of the transition

The bridge leading to the entrance to the house joins the building at the level of the second floor, that is, one level above the base. To prevent the heavy steel transition beams from resting on the wood frame, we used a steel “gantry” support embedded in the thickness of the west wall. The structure was welded from below to the base beam of the wall. Let us recall that the length of the beams exceeds 20 m. With a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion of steel in summer, the transition is lengthened by 12 mm. This could cause damage to the house, so we installed Teflon pads on the gantry under each beam to allow the beams to move independently of the house.

The transition deck is almost flush with the top planes of the composite beams. We installed the jumpers between the beams in increments of 2.4 meters so that their lower planes are flush with the lower planes of the load-bearing beams. In the grooves ( U-shaped) of the lintels, embedded beams were installed and bolted to the upper flanges of the channel. After that, wooden beams 50 × 200 mm were nailed to the beams, and then a flooring made of pressure-treated boards - “fifty” - was installed on top of them.

§ Steel railings

Considering the large height of the house on consoles, we wanted to achieve harmony of horizontal elements - steel railings transition and outer cladding of the building. After working on several fencing options, we decided to use lightweight steel profiles of rectangular cross-section for the handrails and steel pipes for the posts. Sections of fencing 5 m long, welded in the workshop, were brought to the construction site, joined and welded to the top flange of the load-bearing beam. Each of the horizontal fencing elements was aligned with the corresponding board of the outer cladding of the house wall.

The roof railings are similar to the crossing fence, but they are secured somewhat differently. Where the posts pass through the roofing material, they were covered with aprons. We selected auxiliary pipes that fit tightly into the railing posts, and welded steel plates to their lower ends. The pipes were pushed up through holes in the roof sheathing and then bolted to the beams. Cylindrical bushings were welded to the upper ends of these supports (so that the fence posts would sit tightly on them). Finally, the fence posts were placed on top and this assembly was secured with self-tapping screws. The result was greater assembly strength.

Most interesting element wooden frame - a walking balcony made of wood protruding 2.7 m from the wall of the first floor (Fig. 5). Its load-bearing consoles have a fairly large reach, so we used multi-layer plywood beams as the last beams, installing them at intervals of 600 mm.

For guard load-bearing structure Platforms from precipitation were installed on the console with beveled linings. 20mm plywood was nailed onto them and covered with roofing material. The bars were filled “in relief” on top, and a flooring of tongue-and-groove boards was laid on top of them. To install the drainage gutter, the consoles were cut from the side of the fence. The bottom of the platform was covered with pine tongue-and-groove boards.

The rigidity of the platform is increased, among other things, by the fencing, which is a hollow box. The frame of the latter is formed by racks 50 × 150 mm. Bolted to the base. On both sides the structure is sheathed with 12 mm plywood, and then with the same boards that cover the entire house. Handrails were installed on top steel pipes. This scheme made it possible to evenly distribute dynamic load and significantly reduce local deflections even with large crowds of people on the cantilever deck.

§ We made windows under the ceiling: an original solution

In this house, the issue with windows was resolved in an unconventional way. Most of them, including the breakfast nook windows, are located directly below the ceiling for maximum light. To cover the window openings, we used lintel beams made of multi-layer plywood 350 mm high (Fig. 6), which are connected to the corner posts of the frame. A sample was made at the upper ends of the racks, and then the elements were fastened with screws.

In the living room, the windows are close to the ceiling. The openings are covered with an I-beam wooden beam 350 mm high (bought for $8 / linear meter), resting on posts 150 × 150 mm.

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When starting the development of any residential building project, the first thing architects and designers should pay attention to are the features of the construction site. It depends on the nature in which it will be inscribed. final result. Environment has a huge impact on our visual perception of future housing and its organic nature in this context.

The landscape, undoubtedly, is a determining factor when choosing the form of construction, since the structure must be in reliable contact with the ground and respond correctly to possible changes in the site. Partial contact is one of the most sustainable, economical, aesthetic and effective options for construction design. The main thing is to correctly determine the need for its use.

Why is this necessary?

Perhaps the most optimal solution for a house in the forest is its location in the trees. For example, a small cottage was built by Swedish specialists over a rather steep slope, densely planted with vegetation, so it hangs on four trunks, which act as support pillars.

It is believed that patterns of natural drainage, soil conditions and native vegetation can co-exist perfectly with the building. And although in this case such a house will seem extremely strange to some, this concept can be applied to other options.

Reasons for this strategy

  • adaptation to uneven topography;
  • preservation of original local “inhabitants” such as trees, shrubs and boulders;
  • construction on a floodplain, where the soils are usually not hard and stable;
  • preservation of the natural drainage layer;
  • use of a passive cooling system in warm climates;
  • adaptation to a remote structure or difficult access for equipment used to build the foundation;
  • reduced costs due to less use of materials;
  • prevention of rot, mold and insects at the interface with the soil.

Pillars

For homes that do not sit entirely on the ground, to minimize stress on the ground, architects are often concerned with supporting the structure. Installing a ground contact point can be quite expensive as it requires careful planning to avoid causing irreparable damage to the environment.

Traditional types of foundation in the form monolithic concrete or several slabs are often selected by default, as they are designed to evenly distribute structural loads on the ground. However, their main disadvantages are their high cost and environmental destructiveness.

If the owner is driven by the desire to meet the existing budget, and not to achieve unearthly beauty, he and his builders are forced to rely on simple, but effective ways load transfer. Solving this problem requires a very subtle approach.

Abandoning the most common pouring methods, in the following example the designer decided to use a number of thin columns. The construction loads are ultimately distributed in a series of points and transmitted to the platform through the wide base. Installed according to the plane outer wall, the columns allow the building to seem to float smoothly above the lawn, creating the impression of a certain fantastic vision.

Wave-shaped, uneven building sites are suitable for building foundations that can be poured at height to raise the house even higher. The effectiveness of this method lies in the use of less concrete mixture than under a monolith.

If you decide to build your own home on an inclined plane, rest assured that modern technologies allow you to thoroughly strengthen it, observing all safety regulations. Your health will not be in any danger only if you use the services of a proven and qualified specialist engineer in this field.

Support columns have a lower overall impact than heavy slabs. They require less intervention, meaning less heavy equipment and less backfill.

But Special attention will have to devote internal systems, such as plumbing, electrical wiring and sewerage. Therefore, often targeted points of contact with walls provide space for utility infrastructure, which thus flows from underground into interior spaces.

It is imperative to make sure that proper thermal insulation is installed, which is designed to protect the pipes from freezing and damage.

Columns can be made of cast concrete, steel, brick block or specially treated wood. For areas with poor soils that are prone to flooding, helical steel piers are an excellent choice.

Brackets

Post supports are not the only means by which we can minimize total load on a ground base. It is also possible to use structures in the form of cantilever slabs, which extend the walls without damaging the soil layers. This strategy works especially well if there is an urgent need to preserve the greenery growing around.

They usually rest on weighted bases with a strong support point. The following example clearly shows us a similar option in a mountainous area with a rocky surface.

The more space used for the canopy, the larger the area will remain below, open to light, air and water, which are so necessary for natural landscaping.

Towers

Another effective option design - construction of long narrow structures. For example, this tower rises from a dense forest to the sky to receive more natural light for interior spaces. It is supported by two minimal narrow supports to enhance structural efficiency.

Borrowed from the console concept, the next option is a kind of triangle on the upper level, hanging over ground floor. This solution maintains access to light and air for all levels, ensuring required quantity living space and reducing heaviness.

Bridges

These are unique devices that, as a rule, connect two parts of the house, hanging over the soil, in order to minimize damage to the landscape and the plants that have taken root on it. The main buildings serve as supports for them, and the loads are concentrated at certain points, which are called foundation fastenings. All infrastructure related to electricity and water supply also runs here.

Simple cast walls that differ from it in both texture and color can be used as bridge supports. However, in general, the results are quite harmonious designs that fit especially beautifully into the natural world.

Instead of removing trees growing around you, you can simply cut them down, leaving stumps with a root system that will become unique decorative and functional elements.

Hybrids

Any of the above elements can be used together if the construction area turns out to be too difficult to handle. The fact is that a person is accustomed to living in conditions of rectilinear planes, therefore, when constructing housing, he makes the maximum amount of effort to level all surfaces. Only then can he be confident in the reliability of his own living space, not forgetting to admire the imperfect shapes of the surrounding hills.

Smaller size

Most likely, any specialist will call reducing the area of ​​the home itself the most optimal way to cause the least harm to the fertile layer. It is not very suitable for large families, however, it is quite suitable for a single person. Sometimes it can be difficult to separate our desires from real needs, such as going without a pool and a two-car garage. But, in fact, all this is not so necessary.

According to the US Department of Energy, residential buildings in the country consume 21 percent of all national energy. In this case, houses built according to the above projects become the most economical in terms of energy use. The owners of such buildings can be called more responsible people than those who are accustomed to luxury.


Modern architectural engineering is characterized by strange shapes, impressive sizes and original solutions. Geometric design ideas become popular and cantilever structures modern houses intriguing.

Vitra Haus building

Among the cantilever houses that have appeared recently, it is necessary to note the houses from the Vitra Campus as incredible new buildings. House Vitra Haus, one of many built here to a Herzog&deMeuron design, features an unusual sectional design of overlapping structures with sloping roofs.

The project is based on two principles that architects have been using lately: multi-level design and the principle of a children's pyramid. Each level of the house is separate little house according to the type of exhibition hall.

LP House building

Located in Sao Paulo, Brazil, LP House is a private house, built according to the project of the company Metro Arquitetos Associados. It consists of two main sections: lower and upper, which are installed on top of each other and create one whole. The whole house is made of reinforced concrete, glass and wood.

The upper level is a smaller and lighter section made of steel panels and metal structures. Both sections of the house are connected by a staircase leading outside the interior. A clear distinction between the two levels allows you to organize the interior.

That House in Melbourne


That House is a residential building located in Melbourne, Australia. It was designed by Austin Maynard Architects, who envisioned it as three distinct box sections. The two main sections of the house stand alone, there is even a passage between them, and the third section is asymmetrically located on them.


All sections of the house in the front and back are equipped with large walls of windows, and in the side parts there are no windows completely. In one of the lower sections there is open terrace, from which a real tree grows. This seemingly insignificant detail is link between the interior and exterior of the house. At the back there is a swimming pool lined with horizontal wood panels, copying the decoration of all three sections of the house.

Shakin Stevens House


The house, located in Melbourne, Australia, was designed by Matt Gibson Architecture + Design. The most basic requirement of the client was the connection of the building with the green area around the house. To realize this idea, the architects created a house with open space.


The building itself consists of three separate, externally asymmetrically installed white sections. The three of them create a single whole, but perform different functions. All sections offer panoramic views of the surrounding area, allowing you to contact nature directly.
The interior is based on white color, which is complemented bright colors green and brown in the form wooden elements interior, including furniture and flooring, both inside and outside the house, that is, the veranda.


Architect Yuri Zagorin Alazkari from the company ZD+A designed a residential building with intriguing shapes located in Mexico City. It consists of three floors, represented by separate sections, installed according to the principle of a children's pyramid. The house was built in 2011. During construction, many difficulties had to be overcome. One of which is the shape and size of the land, which was uneven and narrow.

Since the house is sandwiched by two neighboring buildings, ensuring sufficient daylight was also a problem. To this end, the architects resorted to some tricks of the trade, such as light-reflective floors and glass walls. Since the house had to be built vertically upward and on the basis of separate sections, this simplified the task of creating a functional and private space.


The modern multi-level cantilever building, located in Sèvres, France, was designed by Colboc Franzen & Associes. Its area is 879 sq. m. Three separate sections of the house divide the house into three zones with different functionality.

In one of the sections there is an entrance hall, an office, a laundry room, a basement and a garage. In the second section, which is reserved for social needs, there is a living room, dining room and kitchen, and in the third - bedrooms.


Modern architecture makes it possible to construct buildings that are unique and incredibly shaped. Architect Luciano Crook designed Casa Golf, located in the center of Costa Esmeralda, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The name of the house is explained by the fact that the area was originally allocated for the construction of a golf course.


The house rises above the surrounding area, which provides panoramic views from its windows. To make the most of the opportunities provided by nature and ensure the privacy of the home owners' personal lives, the architect created the house, guided by the principles of geometry and sculpture.
The house consists of separate sections. One contains the bedrooms and an internal staircase connecting them to the kitchen, living room and dining room located in the second section. The home owners' bedroom, with their wishes for privacy and a minimum of openness taken into account, is located in the third section.


Crossbox House is an eco-friendly house located in Pont-Pin, France. It was built to the design of Clement Gillet Architectes from prefabricated blocks manufactured in a factory. The total area of ​​land on which the building is located is 340 sq.m.

The building is mainly constructed from parts of old shipping port containers. The house consists of two main sections stacked on top of each other. The top is painted in green color, and the lower one is dark brown. The prototype of this house was a three-level industrial style building. The construction of the house took four port containers, so the budget was modest, and the technologies and materials used were environmentally acceptable.


The Orchid House project was the result of the dedicated work of the architects from Andres Remy Arquitectos. The house was built in Buenos Aires in 2008 on an area of ​​3640 square meters. m. The clients, a young couple with two small children, asked for this to be a family home, cozy and energy-saving.

Clients also had interesting hobby– growing orchids. This prompted the architects to come up with a name like Orchid House. And the architects also took their inspiration from orchids, or more precisely, from their roots, stems and flowers. These three components are reflected in the design of a modern and elegant home.


The design of the building is quite simple, as it consists of two rectangular blocks stacked on top of each other. The house was designed by Dietrich Untertrifaller Architects in Gard, Austria. Both parallelepipeds are made of concrete, and their massiveness is slightly leveled due to lighting solutions and open green areas around the house. These blocks provide plenty of daylight thanks to the huge windows, and you can also enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding area.

The simplicity of the interior allowed us to concentrate on the freshness of the colors used. The designer used only two primary colors. The walls, both inside and outside the building, ceilings, and dark color, in particular oak, was used in flooring, window frames and doors. Simplicity is the main idea of ​​the project.


Located in Murcia, Spain, the Crossed House building has an area of ​​232 sq.m. The windows offer stunning views of the mountains and valley. The house was built according to a design by Clavel Arquitectos, whose architects saw it as consisting of two sections asymmetrically installed at an angle on top of each other.

The length of each section is 20 meters and the width is 5 meters, and they are installed at an angle of 35 degrees, which ensures perfect view to the surrounding area and a sufficient amount of daylight and sunlight all day. Thanks to this shape and this arrangement of sections, the architects managed to create a house that was cozy in all respects and even installed a swimming pool in the yard. All corners of the sections are rounded, making the building seem gentle and elegant.


Occupying an area of ​​270 square meters. m. building was built for a young family in a remote area on the border of a forest in Wisconsin. Its compact design fits perfectly into the surroundings and landscape.

To implement the idea, it was decided to build vertically upward, placing one section of the house on top of another. In the hallway, visitors are greeted by a staircase that connects it to the kitchen and bedrooms. This section also contains a living room, a workshop, a bathroom and a storage room. The socializing area has floor-to-ceiling curtains that separate it from the kitchen and bedrooms.


This house was built as Vacation home for a family where they could relax, enjoying comfort, sunny days and beautiful views. It was designed by Crosson Clarke Carnachan Architects, Auckland, New Zealand. The house is located on a plot of land with an area of ​​400 sq.m. and is located at an angle.


The main task of the architects was to make the house compact, but cozy and functional. As a result, they built three separate sections. Downstairs there are four bedrooms, a storage room and a bathroom. In one of the upper sections there is a kitchen, dining room and living room, and in the uppermost section there is a bedroom for the owners of the house, a dressing room and an office.


The HECTAAR office building was designed by CAAN Architecten for HECTAAR based in Roeselare, Belgium. It was built on a small plot of land on the corner of two city streets, where an old gas station used to be located. Near the house there are other urban buildings surrounded by front gardens. The main task of the architects was to construct a building so that it fits perfectly into the block and is quite modern and cozy.

The building consists of several blocks, each oriented in the right direction. The lower section contains the entrance, meeting area, Technical buildings and bathrooms. The upper block, which protrudes two meters above the lower one, is oriented toward the main street and parking lot. The second section contains offices, and the third section contains the meeting room. The third section was built more for aesthetic purposes, to make the building look better from the outside.


The art gallery building in Vancouver, Canada, was designed by Herzog & de Meuron. It is a cantilever building made of wood and consisting of several sections. It occupies an area of ​​28,800 sq.m. in the city center and includes exhibition halls with an area of ​​7,900 sq. m. In addition, it has a theater with 350 seats, a library and an educational center.

The bottom section is completely transparent thanks to glass walls, which provide visual contact with the street. On the ground floor of the building there is an exhibition pavilion, a cafe and ticket offices. There are two parking areas underground.


The Cube is a luxury apartment building designed by Orange Architects in partnership with architects and builders JSA, CIMKA and Hofman Dujardin. This is a 50-meter building consisting of 19 apartments, each with an area from 90 to 180 sq.m. Architectural solution The building is absolutely unique.

To make the most of your allocated land plot To provide a beautiful view of the surrounding area for all residents of the house, the architects decided to create a multi-sectional building, installing blocks on top of each other at different angles. The house has an elevator and stairs connecting all floors of the house.


The skyscrapers were designed and built for the international company International Conceptual Design Competition. One of them was built by Saraiva + Associados. The main goal of the architects was to create a real city landmark, with impressive architectural and spatial solutions and meeting all environmental requirements.

The design of the buildings reflects the history of the city, its geographical and environmental features. Thanks to the organization of a green recreation area in the upper part of the building, it acquired additional advantages and uniqueness. The architects managed to visually move away from the traditional appearance office building and create a unique and interesting complex.


Architect Tatiana Bilbao was involved in the process of creating a building project for a biotechnology park located in Mexico City, on the territory of a local university. It contains office, commercial and classrooms, where students engage in research work.

The building consists of five separate sections oriented alternately in different directions. This approach provided all rooms with sufficient daylight and sunlight.