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Depending on the leek variety and growing conditions, the false stem reaches from 10 to 35 cm in length and up to 10 cm in diameter. Leaves are flat, linear, appearance resemble garlic leaves, but much larger (35-70 cm in length and 3-7 cm in width). Leaf color ranges from light to dark green.

Growing leeks

This is a plant with long growing season(up to 7 months), so leeks are often grown. Leek seeds for seedlings are sown in March, since by the time of planting they should be 50-60 days old. The containers are filled with a nutrient mixture and, on the eve of planting, they are well drained with water. Sow with dry seeds, placing rows at a distance of 4-5 cm from each other. The seeding depth is 0.7-1.2 cm. After sowing, leek seeds are sprinkled with a dry mixture, lightly compacted and watered, then the containers are covered with glass or film and placed in a dark place. Before the emergence of seedlings, the temperature is maintained at 20-25 °C, and after their appearance, it is reduced for 3-4 days to 8-12 °C at night.

Our advice:

Make sure that the soil is not dry during the period of seedling growth, but do not allow it to become waterlogged.

Leek care

Seedlings are planted in open ground approximately from May 5 to May 15, 25-30 plants per 1 m2. In order for leek seedlings to take root better, shorten the roots by 1/4 and the leaves by 1/3 of the length. Plants are buried down to the first leaf. Leeks can be sown in summer, until July. By autumn, the plants will be able to form 4-6 leaves. Covered with earth, they overwinter well and on next year In May-June you can harvest the crop.

Caring for leeks during the growing season is the same as for all onions - weeding, loosening the soil, watering as needed. Leeks respond well to feeding. On poor soils, you can carry out 1-2 fertilizing with mullein (1:8). During the growing season, 2-3 hillings of plants are carried out. In hilled plants, the false stem becomes longer and has a more delicate taste. Leeks continue to grow leaves until late autumn. Adult plants are frost-resistant, tolerate frosts down to –7 °C.

Storing leeks

Harvest pearl leeks before frost sets in. The plants are cleaned of damaged and dirty leaves, left in the air for a short time to dry, and the roots are trimmed to 1 cm and a third of the length of the leaves. Store leeks in the cellar in damp sand at a temperature of 0-2 ° C or in the refrigerator.

It is believed that leeks came from the Mediterranean, and were especially loved by the ancient Romans. Nero preferred to eat it with butter; such a mixture, according to the emperor, gave a special timbre and strength to his voice. And Marcus Valerius Marcione, an ancient Roman singer of the pre-Christian era, dedicated epigrams of his composition to leeks, in which he praised its healing properties. Leeks are widely used in cooking in America and Western Europe, but in the last decade it has confidently taken its place on our table.

Leek is a biennial plant of the Onion family, similar in appearance to leek, but with thicker stems; it is grown for its feathers. Externally, the plant resembles garlic, the stem and leaves have a similar shape, but differ significantly large size. And just like garlic, leeks are used everywhere in food and for treatment. The main value is the white part of the stem, which does not have a round head, but only thickens towards the bottom. Green stems can be eaten while they are young, after which they become tough and practically unusable. Plants may vary slightly in appearance: for winter onions The stem is short and thick, while the summer one is elongated and thin.

The white part of the leek contains up to 24% dry matter, the leaves - up to 17%. This type of onion is rich in vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, minerals (K, Ca, P) and trace elements (zinc, manganese, selenium). From 100 g of product our body can get 40 kcal. Leeks are also convenient to store; they can be dried, frozen, or canned.

For dietary nutrition this type of onion has low value (compared to onions) content of essential oils. It has almost all useful and healing properties onions, and it can be consumed by people with gastrointestinal disorders.

Biological features

Leeks are cold-resistant enough that they can be cultivated in all regions of Russia. In the year of planting, a rosette and a false stem are formed in the form of a white or light green bulb, covered with one or two film scales. Its size, depending on the variety, can be from 2 to 6 cm in height and from 2 to 7 cm in diameter.

The dark green leaves have a slight waxy coating, reach a length of 90 cm, and a width of 3 to 6 cm. Closer to the root, the leaves tightly close into a stem, the length of which can reach up to 60 cm. The weight of one plant averages 200-300 G.

At the beginning of its development, leeks need intense light and long daylight hours. In southern latitudes, the plant can be left in the ground for the winter without any shelter and removed from there as needed.

The following summer, the plants form a flower arrow, at the end of which there is a spherical umbrella. It can contain up to 900 small bell-shaped flowers of white or lilac color. They appear closer to the end of summer, so seeds under natural conditions rarely have time to ripen in the middle and northern latitudes, but they ripen well during storage and can produce good harvest Luke. When stored at low temperatures, in addition to buds, aerial bulbs appear on the peduncle, which are also well suited for propagation.

Leek has a powerful root system, which tolerates any manipulation well. Interestingly, leeks are the only member of the allium family that does not have a dormant period. Unlike other types of green onions, leeks provide tasty and healthy greens until late autumn, easily tolerating frosts up to 7 degrees. But if you intend to use the crop for storage, you should not delay harvesting too much.

For different regions of Russia you can use the corresponding climatic conditions varieties.

• Early ripening - Goliath, Vesta.
• Middle early - Lancelot, Kilima.
• Mid-season - Tango, Casimir.
• Middle late – Premier, Asgeos.
• Late ripening - Karantansky.

Leeks - cultivation and care

• Crop rotation. It is better to choose light sandy loam or black soil for planting. It is optimal to place the plant in the place where winter crops were harvested. Areas where they grew are also suitable early cabbage and potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, perennial herbs. As a precursor, leeks are very convenient because they are suitable for almost everyone. vegetable crops. The only one he is not friends with is his closest relative, garlic. Return the bow to old place preferably no earlier than 3-4 years. When replanting, the number of pests and diseased plants increases noticeably.
• Soil cultivation. For leeks, soils with a neutral reaction, loamy or sandy loam are preferred. Manure is applied as a fertilizer, and this can be done in the fall before plowing or even before planting the previous crop. But the norms for spending in the fall are almost twice as high. In spring, cultivate per 1 sq.m. you need 2-3 kg of humus plus ammonium nitrate 15-20 g, superphosphate - 30-40 g and potassium salt 15-20 g.
• Seed preparation. The technology for treating (disinfecting) leek seeds involves the same actions as with cabbage seeds. Right before planting, the seeds are dipped in hot water up to 45 degrees, then in cold water. Sprout on a cloth soaked in warm water and leave for 2-3 days. Then they are slightly dried and sown. For seeds sold in stores, preliminary preparation usually not required. Also, soaking and germination are not required if it is intended winter sowing leek.
• Growing seedlings. Leeks ripen late, so in the northern latitudes of our country, growing leeks is only possible through seedlings. Seed consumption per square meter– 8-10 g. Leeks are planted as seedlings in early March. Seeds germinated for 5-6 days are sown in boxes filled with a soil mixture consisting of: 1 part sand, 4 parts sawdust, 12 parts peat. For small volumes, you can replace the boxes with small pots in which 2-3 seeds are sown. Before germination optimal temperature is 22 degrees, immediately after the first sprouts appear, the pots or boxes are moved to a cooler room with a temperature of 18-20 degrees. Seedlings should be fed with a fertilizer solution in the following proportions - 15 g of ammonium nitrate, the same amount of potassium, 20 g of superphosphate per 10 liters of water.

Seedlings can be planted in open ground after about 1.5-2 months, in the first half of May. Prepare ridges with furrows 10-12 cm deep. Plants also require preparation - their leaves are cut off by 25% and roots by 30%. The planting pattern may vary depending on the characteristics and size of the site.

• Sowing seeds in the ground. Leeks can also be grown by direct sowing in the ground in southern regions countries. In this case, sowing is carried out in March-April. The exact date depends on the variety and weather conditions. Plant in rows with a distance of 60-70 cm between them. Seed calculation is 0.8-1 g per square meter. The sowing depth depends on the soil and ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 cm. When the plants are overgrown with one or two leaves, they are thinned out; this is done a second time when there are already 3-4 leaves. Ultimately, leave a distance of 10-15 cm between plants in the row.
• Care. In order to get the maximum white part of the stem, plants are hilled 2-3 times during the growing season. This also achieves the best taste qualities false stem. Weeding, watering and fertilizing also have a good effect on the harvest. Leeks respond well to a solution of mullein in a ratio of 1:8 or fertilizer based on bird droppings (1:20). If only mineral fertilizers are available, use nitroammophoska 20-30 g per 10 liters of water.
• Irrigation. To correctly calculate the frequency of watering and the amount of moisture plants need, one should proceed from the composition of the soil, the location of the site and weather conditions. In other words, it is necessary to correctly determine the soil water availability and moisture content at the current moment.

If the average temperature per day does not exceed 15 degrees, watering is not performed. The water temperature for irrigation should not be lower than 15-18 degrees. Optimal time- morning and evening. The main methods of irrigation: drip irrigation and sprinkling.

1. Drip irrigation is the most progressive method of irrigation today. Moisture is evenly distributed throughout all plants and goes straight to the roots. In addition, this method is convenient for high-quality feeding of plants. It allows you to accurately dose the amount supplied to each plant. mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the growth and condition of plants are also under constant control and at the same time, funds for fertilizers are saved. Soil pest control agents can also be added to drip irrigation water. The only drawback of this method is the installation of appropriate equipment and its cost, but over time everything pays off with a good harvest.
2. Sprinkling also distributes moisture evenly among plants and makes it possible to correctly regulate watering rates. But due to the fact that the air is oversaturated with moisture, diseases spread faster with this method. In addition, when sprinkling, there is a possibility of exceeding irrigation norms, and this, in turn, causes secondary salinization of the soil. Over time, such soil becomes unsuitable for further use for agricultural purposes.

• Cleaning. Leeks can be harvested for storage in mid-autumn, with the plants first dug up. It is recommended to store in a dry basement at a temperature of 1 degree, lightly digging the plants into damp sand. For summer use of leeks, you can start digging much earlier, in August, removing them through the row.

“Onions cure seven ailments,” our grandmothers said, and this phrase has the most direct relation to the main character of the article. Grow and eat leeks and forget about all diseases!

LEEK. ONION-BATUN. fragrant onion. PERENNIAL SCHNITT ONION

LEEK

Leeks are rich in potassium, iron, sugars, essential oils. It has healing properties: doctors recommend it for rheumatism, obesity, urolithiasis and other diseases. One of its remarkable advantages is the ability to accumulate vitamin C during storage; other vegetables do not have this property.
In the Non-Black Earth zone, two varieties of leeks are cultivated - Karatansky early ripening and Bulgarian late ripening,
Leeks are a biennial plant. In the first year, it develops green leaves and a thickened false stem or be
the bark leg, which is the main edible part of the plant. The white leg can be 15-30 cm long and thick
3-7 cm. The next year, the leek can be left in the garden bed, where it produces a flower stem with light lilac flowers.
IN middle lane Leeks are grown as seedlings. Onions are sown on March 15-20. Before sowing, seeds are soaked in hot water at a temperature of 50° C for 20-25 minutes, then they are washed well and soaked in a damp cloth for 5-7 days. After this, the seeds are slightly dried and sown in boxes or a greenhouse. Try not to thicken the onion crops; sow the seeds at a distance of 2x2.5 cm. When growing leek seedlings, you need to monitor soil moisture and air temperature. During the day, the temperature should be maintained at 18-20 ° C, at night
- 14-15° C. After 50-55 days, the seedlings are ready for planting. Before planting, its leaves and roots are shortened by 1/3. Plant the seedlings in a garden bed in well-seasoned soil. organic fertilizers. Per 1 m2 add 1 bucket of humus or compost, add 2 liter jars of prepared sawdust, and a half-liter jar of ash. From. mineral fertilizers are added with 2 tablespoons of nitrophoska and a teaspoon of urea. Dig everything well to a depth of 20-22 cm. Plant leeks in well watered with a solution of potassium permanganate Pink colour grooves 12 cm deep, placing row after row on
24 cm, and the plants in the row are 12 cm deep. After planting, the onions are not watered for 3-4 days.
Caring for plants consists of loosening the rows, weeding and hilling three times. During the growing season, leeks need to be watered regularly, approximately once every five days, 10 liters per 1 m2. 20 days after planting, leeks are fed. To do this, dilute a half-liter jar of mullein and 1 teaspoon each of urea, potassium sulfate and superphosphate in 10 liters of water. The dose of fertilizer solution is 3-4 liters per 1 m2. Before hilling the plants, add a glass to them. wood ash per 1 m2
Once harvested from the garden, leeks can be stored in vertical position buried in damp sand all winter at a temperature of 0-1° C.

ONION-BATUN

This onion contains vitamins C, B, PP, sugar, potassium, magnesium and iron salts. Onion overwinters well, grows quickly in early spring and retains tender, juicy leaves for a long time. Cutting leaves stimulates plant branching. Varieties: Maysky 7, Saladny 35, Gryabovsky 21.
Onion is grown on fertile soil. For 1 m2 of bed, add 1 bucket of compost, 1 tablespoon each of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, 1 glass of fluff lime or chalk, or a half-liter jar of wood ash. Before sowing, seeds are soaked in a damp cloth for 3-4 days. Sow in early spring, April 15-20, then the plants have time to develop well before winter. 3 g of seeds are consumed per 1 m2. Thickened planting improves the quality of the feather, the leaves grow thinner and more delicate. Cutting leaves begins from the second year of life, from spring to autumn.
In warm, dry weather, onions are watered once every 5-6 days, 10-12 liters per 1 m2. In order to get early onion production in the spring, it is necessary to cover the bed with film in mid-April. Batun for greens is grown in one place for 3-4 years, but it is better to sow it annually in early spring, and remove them by the roots next year in May. You can also sow in summer and before winter.

ONION

This perennial with a small false bulb and flat narrow leaves. It has a high content of carotene and ascorbic acid. Use the tender leaves, which have a slightly garlicky taste. They grow early in the spring and grow until autumn without turning yellow. The yield of leaves with arrows (they are also eaten) is 2.5-3 kg per 1 m2. This onion grows in one place for 3-4 years.
To get fragrant onions 2 weeks earlier in the spring, cover them with film.

PERENNIAL SCHNITT ONION

This onion is intended for cutting and has leaves rich in vitamins. The vitamin C content in it is much higher than in onions. Chives grow back quickly after cutting. At the end of April - beginning of May, it is sown directly into open ground to a depth of 2-3 cm, the soil is slightly compacted. Duration of germination is 2-3 weeks. Chives prefer sunny areas, rich nutrients soil, medium-heavy, humus-rich, not over-moistened, pre-fertilized with manure. Winter-hardy.

Unfortunately, leeks have not become as widespread in our gardens as onions, and this is unfair. Compared to onions, leeks have their advantages.

During storage, it is able to accumulate ascorbic acid, while onions lose it over time. In addition, leeks are 2-3 times more productive than turnips and can be stored for about six months.

Description of culture

Leeks - perennial herbaceous plant, cultivated in a biennial crop. The plants do not form a true bulb, like onions. In the first year of life, a small false bulb develops white, which smoothly turns into a false stem (leg) of light green color.

Depending on the variety and growing conditions, the false stem reaches from 10 to 35 cm in length and up to 10 cm in diameter. The leaves are flat, linear, in appearance they resemble garlic leaves, but are much larger (35-70 cm in length and 3-7 cm in width). Leaf color ranges from light to dark green.

How to grow leeks

This is a plant with a long growing season (up to 7 months), so it is often grown seedling method. Seeds for seedlings are sown in March, since by the time of planting they should be 50-60 days old.

The containers are filled with a nutrient mixture and, on the eve of planting, they are well drained with water. Sow with dry seeds, placing rows at a distance of 4-5 cm from each other. Seed placement depth is 0.7-1.2 cm.

After sowing, the seeds are sent with a dry mixture, lightly compacted and watered, then the containers are covered with glass or film and the temperature is set at 20-25 °C, and after they appear, it is reduced for 3-4 days to 8-12 °C at night. It is necessary to ensure that the soil is not dry during the period of seedling growth, but waterlogging should not be allowed.

Seedlings are planted in open ground from approximately May 5 to May 15, 25-30 plants per 1 m2. In order for the seedlings to take root better, shorten the roots by 1/4 and the leaves by 1/3 of the length. Plants are buried down to the first leaf.

Leeks can be sown in summer, until July. By autumn, the plants will be able to form 4-6 leaves. Covered with earth, they overwinter well and the next year in May-June you can harvest.

Caring for leeks during the growing season is the same as for all onions - weeding, loosening the soil, watering as needed. Leeks respond well to feeding. On poor soils, you can carry out 1-2 fertilizing with mullein (1:8).

During the growing season, 2-3 hillings of plants are carried out. In hilled plants, the false stem becomes longer and has a more delicate taste. Leeks continue to grow leaves until late autumn. Adult plants are frost-resistant, tolerate frosts down to -7 ° C.

Harvest leeks before frost sets in. The plants are cleaned of damaged and dirty leaves, left in the air for a short time to dry, and the roots are trimmed to 1 cm and a third of the length of the leaves. Store in a cellar in damp sand at a temperature of 0-2 ° C or in the refrigerator.

Leeks can be eaten at any stage of development.