Safety measures when using electrical appliances. Rules for the use of electrical appliances Rules for the safe use of household appliances
It is difficult to imagine our life without reliable assistants - electrical appliances. With their help, bread is baked and food is prepared, food is stored and the room is cleaned. Without electrical appliances, we would not be able to quickly transmit and receive information, for example, get acquainted with technical achievements, sports and film news, weather forecasts. They help to process a variety of materials, illuminate the premises and streets, and perform many other useful jobs.
Devices that work with electrical energy and are used in everyday life to facilitate the performance of certain works, create comfortable conditions for work and leisure are called household electrical appliances.
In the lessons of labor training and later in Everyday life you will use, or maybe already use, a variety of similar electrical appliances. To do this, you need to know the purpose of such devices, the principle of their operation and, most importantly, the rules safe use them.
Regardless of the purpose, in every household electrical appliance there is an element that consumes electrical energy to power its working part. For example: in an electric drill, electric energy drives a motor, on the shaft of which a drill is fixed, in an electric jigsaw - a nail file, in a meat grinder - knives, in a washing machine - a drum with linen, etc. Since such devices work at the expense of consumed electrical energy, they are all called consumers.
Depending on the purpose, principle of operation and design, household electrical appliances are divided into types and types .
The most common types according to the principle of operation are the following: electric lighting, electric heating, electromechanical.
Each type can have multiple species. For example: device type electric lighting devices, and its types: floor lamp, sconce, chandelier, desk lamp. Another group - heating electrical appliances, and their types: electric stove, electric iron, electric coffee maker, etc.
TO electromechanical refer electric meat grinders, Food processors, sewing and washing machines, screwdrivers, electric drills and much more (Fig. 184).
Long-term use of household electrical appliances may cause different kind malfunctions. The most common ones are: self-unwinding of clamping screws, with the help of which the conductive conductors of electrical cartridges, plugs, sockets are attached; breaking wires; failure of electrical and mechanical parts of devices, etc. As a result, sparking may occur, heating of wires, melting of insulation can occur, resulting in a fire, failure of electrical devices (Fig. 185).
The use of faulty electrical appliances can lead to electric shock to a person and, as a result, lead to serious consequences for health.
To prevent this, the following safety rules must be observed:
1. Before using an electrical appliance, carefully study the instructions that come with each electrical appliance.
2. Use the electrical appliance only with the permission and in the presence of adults.
3. It is forbidden to touch the levers, buttons of the equipment located in the workshop, and turn them on.
4. You can not check the presence of voltage in electrical circuit by touching bare wires with your fingers.
5. For any minor actions electric current on the body (tingling, warming) and if there is a sign of damage to the electrical wiring, the smell of a melting insulating sheath of wires, the appearance of smoke, turn off the source of electric current and immediately inform the teacher, and when doing work at home, adult members families.
6. When using electrical appliances, make sure that the conductive wires are not taut or twisted. material from the site
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| Rice. 189. Way of release of the victim |
7. To prevent electric shock to a person, when turning on electrical appliances in the electric current network, it is forbidden to hold on to metal pipes water heating, the wall of a building, the body of another person (Fig. 186).
8. It is forbidden to hold or pull the electric plug from the socket with a cord (Fig. 187).
9. In order to avoid electric shock, it is forbidden to touch bare wires with your hands, to perform any work with consumers connected to the electric current network or other power sources (Fig. 188).
10. If another person was injured by an electric current, it is necessary to put a rubber mat or a stand made of dry wood under your feet and with one hand pull the victim by the collar or other part of dry clothing from the electrical current-carrying network (Fig. 189).
11. In case of falling into the zone of falling electric wires, it is necessary to urgently get out of it, not jumping, but in small steps, moving the feet without taking them off the road, as shown in Figure 190.
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On this page, material on the topics:
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- essay on electric lighting fixtures
- electrical lighting fixtures wikipedia
Terms of use household electrical appliances.
Why do you need to know the rules for using electrical appliances?
Electrical appliances are our true friends and helpers. Although they are not alive, but iron, you need to handle them carefully and carefully. Electric current, without which no device will work, can be very dangerous. In order not to suffer due to improper handling of electricity, let's get acquainted with the basic rules for using electrical appliances that everyone should know.
Rule one:
Do not plug into an outlet foreign objects!
As you already know, the socket is designed to plug electrical appliances into the network, and not at all for your fingers. However, it is dangerous to put not only fingers into the socket, but also foreign objects, especially metal ones: nails, wire, knitting needles, hairpins. These items are good conductors of electricity! The current through them, like over a bridge, will instantly transfer to your hand, and strike as if you had put your finger into the socket.
Rule two:
Do not touch bare wires with your hands!
The wires through which electric current flows to the devices are insulated. This means that a metal wire, where electricity flows, is placed in another wire, plastic, rubber, with a fabric winding. Both rubber, and plastic, and fabric are insulators through which current does not pass and cannot harm anyone. But it happens that the insulating sheath of the wire is damaged, and the dangerous metal wire is exposed. It is very dangerous. If you touch a bare wire while the device is on, you can get an electric shock.
Therefore, before turning on the device in the network, check if there are any peeking from under the insulating shell metal wires. If yes, then never use such a device until it is repaired!
Rule three:
Do not touch appliances that are turned on wet hands!
Remember that water is a conductor of electricity. It, like metal objects, is a bridge through which electricity is transferred to a person. If you touch an electrical appliance with wet hands, you risk electric shock.
Remember:
Before turning on, turning off or doing anything else with an electrical appliance, wipe your hands dry!
Remember, young friend:
Current does not like wet hands.
Before turning on the device.
You need to wipe your hands!
Rule four:
Do not wipe switched on electrical appliances with a damp cloth!
Water in a damp cloth acts as a conductor for electric current, just like water in wet hands. If you want, for example, to wipe the TV turned on, then first turn off the device, and then wipe the dust off it.
Rule five:
Do not use electrical appliances while touching water!
As you already know, water is an excellent conductor-bridge for electric current, so never touch water and an electrical appliance at the same time!
Do not hold one hand under running water and turn on the electric stove or washing machine with the other. Never use electrical appliances while lying in the bathroom!
Rule six:
Do not leave the included electrical appliances unattended!
When leaving home, always check if the lights are out, if the TV, tape recorder, electric heater, iron and other electrical appliances are turned off. Electrical appliances left unattended often cause fires.
Rule seven:
Do not fall asleep with the TV, tape recorder, electric heater and other household appliances turned on!
Rule eight:
Do not connect more than three electrical appliances to one outlet!
Rule nine:
Do not wrap electric lamps with combustible materials (cloth, paper, oilcloth, etc.).
How to behave in the event of an electrical fire.
We hope that all the appliances in your home are in perfect working order and will never catch fire. But, unfortunately, for various reasons, electrical appliances can ignite and cause a fire. In order not to get into a dangerous situation, you need to know the basic rules of behavior in case of ignition of electrical appliances.
Rule one:
If the device catches fire and the parents are at home, then you need to immediately inform them about what happened!
Rule two:
If you are alone, then you need to remember the basic rule:
Under no circumstances should the appliance be extinguished with water while it is plugged in!
First you need to turn off the device, that is, remove the plug from the outlet, and only then
fill with water. If there is no water nearby, you can cover the device with a blanket, fall asleep
sand, earth.
Rule three:
If you see that you cannot cope with the fire, then you need to leave the apartment or house and call adults.
To call the fire department, dial 01.
Rule four:
If it’s impossible to leave the house and you don’t have a phone, then you need to look out the window and attract people’s attention.
It is necessary to shout loudly and persistently: Fire! Fire! Dial 01!
Information for adults! How to help a child injured by electric shock.
Sadly, our children do not always listen to us and sometimes act in their own way. In order for the child not to be harmed by electricity, it is necessary to take measures in advance.
All sockets must be provided with special current-proof plugs.
Try to hide all the electrical wires so that it is difficult for the little ones to reach them.
If the child nevertheless puts a finger or an object into the socket and it is shocked, it is necessary to push or pull the baby by the edge of the clothes or the belt. For safety, you must stand on dry board, rubber mat, stack of newspapers or books. Wrap your hand in a dry cloth or wear a rubber glove.
If a child grabs a bare wire, immediately disconnect the device from the mains. If for some reason this is not possible, then you should cut the wire with an ax with a dry wooden handle or have a bite to eat with wire cutters with well-insulated handles. You can move the wire with a dry stick.
After it stopped current action, it is necessary to lay the child on a flat surface, cover him and immediately call a doctor.
DEAR FRIENDS!
We hope that our children will never find themselves in such situations, and that the electric current, without which no electrical appliance can work, will not harm anyone!
When studying the causes of fires in electrical installations of residential buildings, it is necessary to focus on the fact that most often fires occur as a result of short circuits, overloads of the electrical network, sparking and heating of contact connections. Many fires occur when the rules for using household electric heaters (irons, kettles, electric stoves, etc.) are violated.
When using an electric iron, remember that it working surface heated to 300 ° C and put it on ironing board(table) without a refractory stand is unacceptable. Often the power cord of the iron is damaged at the junction with the iron, here it is exposed to heat from the heated body and mechanical stress during ironing. The insulation of the cord dries out and cracks, which creates the preconditions for a short circuit.
The incandescent lamp also carries the elements fire hazard. Its flask (outer surface) during combustion heats up to high temperature(250-300°C), and contact of the lamp with combustible materials may cause a fire.
In electrical networks and electrical installations, at the points of contact between current-carrying parts (“twisting” of wires), so-called “transitional resistances” arise. In places of such a connection, local heating of current-carrying parts occurs, which can lead to ignition of the insulation and further to a fire.
Many tenants, despite the ban, install for room heating, country houses homemade electro heating appliances handicraft, without thinking that it could lead to a fire.
It is often possible to observe that electric wires are pulled with ropes, wires are tied in knots, chandeliers are hung on wires. This damages the insulation of the wires, and creates conditions for short circuits.
In some apartment buildings residential buildings electrical boards on stairwells do not close, residents use them to store ashtrays. It should be remembered that free access to electrical panels by unauthorized persons can end sadly.
Also, a fire can occur from improper actions during the repair of electrical networks or electrical equipment. Remember: repair of electrical equipment must be carried out by a specialist.
Measures fire safety when using electrical devices:
1. It is necessary to monitor the serviceability of electrical wiring, electrical appliances and equipment, as well as the integrity and serviceability of sockets, plugs and power cords.
3. It is forbidden to tie electric wires into knots, connect them with a twist, glue them with wallpaper and cover them with combustible trim elements.
4. It is forbidden to simultaneously connect several current consumers (lamps, tiles, irons, etc.) to the power grid, especially to the same outlet using a tee, as overloading the wiring and short circuit is possible.
5. It is forbidden to fix wires on gas and water pipes, on the batteries of the heating system.
6. It is forbidden to contact electrical wires with telephone and radio transmission wires, radio and television antennas, branches of trees and roofs of buildings.
7. Extension cords are for short-term connection household appliances; after use, they should be unplugged from the outlet.
8. Do not run the extension cable under carpets, through door sills.
9. It is necessary to use only certified electrical accessories.
11. It must be remembered that fuses protect against short circuits, but not against fire due to poor electrical wire contacts.
12. Signs of electrical wiring failure:
Hot electrical plugs or sockets;
Strong heating of the electrical wire during the operation of electrical engineering;
The sound of crackling in sockets;
spark;
Smell of burning rubber, plastic;
Traces of soot on plugs and sockets;
Darkening of the braids of electrical wires;
Reducing the lighting in the room when you turn on a particular electrical appliance.
13. It is necessary to prohibit children from touching electrical wiring, sockets, extension cords, electrical cords with their hands or sharp objects, as well as turning on electrical appliances and electrical equipment in the absence of adults.
14. Electrical sockets it is advisable to equip with plugs.
15. Before turning on the heaters, they must be installed on stands made of non-combustible materials.
16. It is forbidden to leave switched on devices unattended, especially high-temperature heating devices - electric kettles, boilers, soldering irons and electric stoves.
17. It is forbidden to use electrical appliances with open coils during explosive areas, for example, in places of storage and use of gasoline, preparations in aerosol packages.
18. It is necessary to ensure that combustible interior items (curtains, carpets, plastic shades, wooden furniture parts, etc.) do not under any circumstances touch the heated surfaces of electrical appliances.
19. It is forbidden to cover electric lamps and lamps with paper, cloth and other combustible materials.
20. It is forbidden to leave the electric heater switched on for the night, next to the bed, other combustible objects.
21. When buying an electric heater, make sure that it is equipped with an emergency start system (in case it overheats or falls).
22. When turning on heaters, try not to use extension cords if possible. Otherwise, you need to make sure that the calculated (rated) power of the extension cord is not less than the power of the appliance.
24. Do not leave a working TV unattended. When using the TV, the following requirements must be met:
Do not install the TV where it is poorly ventilated (cooled), i.e. near heating appliances, V furniture wall etc.;
Do not block the ventilation holes at the back and bottom of the case;
When installing the TV, be sure to provide for the possibility of quickly and safely disconnecting its plug from the outlet, do not install it close to flammable materials (tulle, curtains, curtains, etc.);
In the event of a malfunction, immediately disconnect the TV from the network, call a specialist;
After turning off the TV with a toggle switch (button), unplug the cord from the outlet, then it will be completely de-energized;
When leaving home, do not leave the TV in standby mode, since this mode is not fireproof, you need to completely turn off the device;
Dust your TV regularly.
If the TV is on:
1. Disconnect the TV from the mains. If, due to fire, you cannot approach the electrical outlet, then de-energize the apartment by turning off the circuit breaker or machine.
2. Report the fire to fire department by phone "01", from mobile "112".
3. Cover the TV with a thick cloth (blanket, blanket). Without access to air, combustion will stop.
4. To avoid poisoning by combustion products, remove all people from the premises
5. If it was not possible to cope with the fire, leave the premises immediately, closing the door behind you.
If other electrical appliances catch fire, proceed in the same way.
Fires cannot be extinguished with water electrical devices connected to electrical network.
Can you imagine your life without household electrical appliances, our true friends and helpers? Probably not. Just a couple of decades have passed, and humanity has become so accustomed to them. And no wonder, because they simplify our lives, allow us to deal with ourselves or our family, and not with household chores. In return, people are obliged to carefully and carefully treat such helpers. Everyone should know the rules for the safe use of electrical appliances. Adults should teach their children basic safety precautions, and in schools, the knowledge gained is reinforced with the children by teachers. Further in the article, we will consider the basic rules for using household electrical appliances.
Be careful with the socket!
For an adult sane person, it is clear why you should not put foreign objects into the outlet. But not just for a child. All children are very curious, and if the mother says the standard “no”, this is not enough for the baby, he still does not understand the meaning of this word. Therefore, it is necessary to explain what the consequences may be, but it is better to minimize the possible contact of the child with the outlet, for example, insert special plugs.
The socket is designed to connect electrical appliances to the network, and not for children's fingers. Not only is it dangerous to put them in the socket, but also other foreign objects. All metal things are of particular danger in this regard: nails, knitting needles, wire, hairpins and screwdrivers. These items are excellent conductors of electricity, so putting something like this into the outlet, the child will instantly receive an electric shock. The task of parents is to warn their kids that they should never do this under any pretext, and explain why. Here is an elementary rule for using electrical appliances that all family members should know.
Do not touch bare wires!
Let's talk about one more rule. Electrical current flows through the wires, so they should be secured in the first place. Each of them that is connected to the network must have an insulating coating that resembles a plastic, fabric or rubber tube - an insulator. It is impossible to get an electric shock through it. But there are times when the wire sheath is damaged. Bare, it should never be taken by hand. Parents and teachers are required to voice the rules for using electrical appliances for children, so that when walking on the street after school and seeing a bare wire, the child immediately informs adults about it.
Wet hands and electrical appliances
Water is an excellent conductor of electricity. Just like metal, it can connect its source and human body, creating an invisible bridge through which the current strikes people. Therefore, remember that when you touch an electrical appliance connected to the mains with wet hands, you risk getting a severe electric shock. Use the rule that before any contact with electrical appliances, your hands must be completely dry.
Also, do not carry out wet cleaning on the included devices. The main rule for the safe use of household electrical appliances involves careful and careful handling of them. But this does not mean that you need to wash them with a damp cloth when turned on. Naturally, it is worth regularly monitoring the cleanliness of the devices. But first you need to first disconnect them from the network, and then proceed to wet cleaning.
Water and electrical appliances
The liquid is a conductor of electric current, which means that when in contact with any turned on device, you must not touch the water at the same time. Here is a standard situation: you are standing, washing the dishes, and at that time a pot of water boiled on the electric stove, what will you do? Be sure to quickly turn off the stove and continue washing without wiping your hands. Forgetting all the rules for using electrical appliances, you risk getting an electric shock. Never use them simultaneously with your hand lowered into the water. Also, while lying in the bathroom, in no case touch anything that can be plugged into the network (sockets, wires or devices).
Do not leave electrical appliances on
Golden Rule taught from childhood is to turn off all equipment when leaving the house. In Soviet times, reminder signs were practiced, which hung on the door, they said: "When leaving, turn off the electrical appliances!" Any devices left unattended can cause a fire or fire. Therefore, be sure to check if the TV, iron, light, stove or other is turned off. Never go to bed with an electric heater or other electrical appliances on.
Rules for the use of electrical appliances in everyday life
People use a huge number of home devices every day, but they forget the basic rules for their use, which we will discuss below:
- Do not connect more than three electrical appliances to one adapter and socket.
- When drying your hair with a hairdryer, do not touch the wet hair.
- Do not cover electric lamps with flammable materials (paper, cloth, oilcloth, etc.).
- Do not leave Charger connected to the network.
- Don't pull electrical wire by the cord, carefully remove it from the socket, holding the plug.
- Do not leave children to sleep alone in a room with a light on.
- Before repairing an electrical appliance, unplug it from the mains.
- Do not leave devices turned on and a child in the same room unattended.
- Do not load the electrical network, otherwise short circuit.
The rules for the use of electrical appliances are based on feedback and user experience. Frequent cases of fires, fires and short circuits occur due to the negligence of people.
Electrical appliance fire
Almost every person is sure that the devices in his house are in perfect working order and they are not in danger of catching fire. But alas, the statistics of fires say otherwise. In any case, each person must know how to behave in case of equipment fire.
If you have forgotten the rules for using electrical appliances and a short circuit has occurred in the network, then use the following recommendations for behavior in such situations:
Remember that the implementation of elementary fire safety rules is, first of all, your well-being, the ability to save your life and the lives of loved ones. Putting out a fire is much more difficult than preventing its occurrence.
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Slides captions:
Household electrical appliances Fundamentals of life safety Grade 5 Raitin S.P. Teacher-organizer of OBZh GBOU school No. 320, St. Petersburg
At home, you are surrounded by a whole world of electrical appliances: refrigerator, TV, tape recorder, iron, washing machine, microwave, computer and more. These items are commonly referred to as household electrical appliances.
If you are careful, electrical appliances will always be your friends.
You need to know Do not touch electrical appliances with wet and dirty hands.
2. If you are trying to repair or find out how the appliance works, first remove the plug from the outlet. It needs to be known
3. Use any electrical appliance only if it works properly. It needs to be known
And a few more important rules: The socket is used ONLY for electrical appliances plugs! If sockets or wires heat up or spark - call for help from adults!
Outdoor Electrical Safety Rules 1. Do not play near the transformer box. After all, it is no coincidence that there are always signs warning of danger on the booths and on the supports of power lines.
Rules for electrical safety on the street 2. Do not touch a hanging or lying electrical wire, especially in wet weather.
Rules for electrical safety on the street 3. You can not climb on the supports of power lines.
Rules for electrical safety on the street 4. Do not try to remove objects caught on wires from power lines ( kites, model aircraft, balloon).
Never take electrical appliances mobile phone, hair dryer, etc.), plugged into the mains, with you to the bath.
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