Modern technologies of private housing construction. New technologies in house construction: how to build a house. Finishing work for a house built using chise technology

When choosing a project for building a house, each owner expects to fulfill two conditions: efficiency of assembly and comfortable housing. That is why manufacturers offer high-quality and practical modern materials. And the latest technologies are also used. For example, smart home technology, which meets all the requirements and demands of the modern user.

New materials and their features

It is worth immediately paying attention to the fact that the latest technologies in construction and high-tech materials are different concepts, although they lie on the same plane. In particular, such piece products as:

• foam concrete blocks;
• gas blocks;
• rounded log;
• OSB boards;
• Sandwich panels;
• SIP panels;
• other...

These are production innovations that have recently appeared on the building materials market, however, they do not require new technological methods, but have features in terms of installation. For example:

• Block products (foam, aerated concrete) has a larger format than piece bricks, has increased energy intensity, low weight, and variable density. Due to these indicators, the construction period is reduced, workability is increased and all the high indicators of strength, comfort and practicality of a private house are maintained. Another plus is that the price of materials is lower than for brick, and due to the low weight of the structure, a lightweight foundation is recommended.

• Rounded log- a natural material that has all the characteristics of natural wood and has high heat capacity, but the price of the material is lower than that of laminated veneer lumber, although the practical qualities remain the same high level. The developer receives a convenient piece material stable shape, saving on purchases, and thereby reducing the overall cost of the project.
• Panels. The product is also a one-piece product, ideal for a private developer. The convenience of the material is that it is completely ready for installation, that is, the panels are already equipped with a heat-insulating layer, a windproof membrane and moisture protection. You just need to install the frame of the walls, ceilings and roof - the house is ready. In some cases, panel sections have external and internal finishing. The price of materials is significantly lower than any other piece products, a light weight elements require a lightweight foundation, assembly is carried out without “wet processes”, installation does not always require lifting equipment, which allows you to build a house with your own hands.

Moreover, all of these materials are of invaluable quality - they are able to realize any shapes and formats of buildings without requiring large investments from the developer.

New technologies and their features

The use of new order materials does not cancel the use of building houses using new technologies. The combination of two indicators ensures not only the efficiency of construction of buildings, but also a significant reduction in the cost of house construction.

TISE

An extremely popular technology, which also has the definition of “adjustable formwork”. The process was developed by domestic scientists and, when used, not only does not require the use of special equipment, but also allows you to get by with literally just one pair of hands.

TISE principle

The method is characterized by the installation of pile elements or the arrangement of a columnar-type foundation, supplemented by a grillage. A mandatory tool is a drill designed for TISE technology. Wall panels for this lightweight foundation are assembled from a block piece product, formed directly on the construction site: mobile formwork acts as a form and moves along the wall panels as soon as the made module hardens.

Advantages of the technology:

1. Complete absence of cold bridges;
2. You don’t need a team of professionals; you can easily do it yourself and a couple of assistants to move the formwork and excavation work;
3. Variability in the composition of blocks, which reduces construction costs.

Advice! Most often, TISE technology uses two building materials: concrete and brick. Concrete blocks are characterized by high heat capacity, bricks for cladding will give the structure strength, dimensional stability and additional rigidity.

Frame construction

This is one of the simplest and convenient ways construction of a private house. A variety of options for arranging the frame, a lightweight foundation, the ability to build houses up to 2 floors, a huge number of projects and the practicality of the house are the main advantages of the technology.

Peculiarities

The construction of the frame begins immediately after the installation of the foundation. The entire structure consists of block elements arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally, articulated with each other various options. Whether lumber or metal is used - it all depends on the financing and preferences of the developer.

It is only important to remember that metal carcass, although it is more durable, it requires metal drilling tools and welding - these nuances can complicate the process of constructing the frame. Lumber good quality It is not inferior to metal in terms of durability, while simplifying the assembly process. Most often, good quality timber is used, which is why both the shown rigidity of the frame and its geometric stability are maintained.

Modern construction frame houses allows several options for filling walls:

1. OSB boards act as wall panels and are filled with any available thermal insulation material, for example, mineral wool, foam concrete, expanded clay backfill, polyurethane foam.
2. Prefabricated SIP panels, already equipped with insulation, wind and waterproof film.

Advice! When practicing modern materials and technologies for construction, it is necessary to consider the usability of all elements. In particular, if you build a house with SIP panels, then in order to do it yourself you will have to either choose lightweight elements or hire lifts, since wall panel elements are often heavy. But it all depends on the preferences of the owner of the house.

Benefits of technology

1. The lightness of the structure does not require the construction of heavy and powerful foundations, which means that the construction of a house is possible on any soil without additional excavation work;
2. Minimum construction costs and the possibility of quick redevelopment and completion of the building;
3. Variability of external internal lining– panels and sheets are easy to accept Decoration Materials, so you can change the look of the house at least every season.

3D panels

These are perhaps the latest technologies in construction, which are still little known and available to developers. Despite the cheapness, availability is limited by ignorance and nothing else, because construction using 3D panels is nothing more than a modified version frame construction houses.

The panels are produced in industrial conditions; they are not a type of prefabricated panel element, but a monolith of an expanded polystyrene slab, additionally reinforced with reinforcing mesh structures on both sides. Such systems are connected to each other by metal reinforcement rods, passing through the entire structure, due to which not only the stability of the shape of the panels is maintained, but also explains the high strength and resistance to any natural influences. At the same time, the extremely light weight of the structure is maintained, and assembly does not cause any difficulties.

Advantages of technology

In the standard understanding, a building made of 3D panels does not have any “rigid frame”; instead, the developer receives a panel element connected with a rigid clip and thereby forming load-bearing Wall panels. After installing these panels, the entire structure is filled with a concrete “jacket”, which only increases all the advantages of such a house:

1. The polymers used to create the panels have high energy efficiency, which means that heat loss in such a house will be minimal;
2. Simplicity of assembly ensures quick construction;
3. Production in industrial conditions guarantees quality as individual element, and the entire building as a whole;
4. There is no need to create a heavy foundation, 3D panels even in concrete pouring do not have heavy mass.

Important! The material is much simpler than any block products in the sense that when hanging heavy cabinets you do not have to reinforce the wall with boards. At the same time, the price of 3D panels may well compete with foam and gas block products.

Permanent formwork

Availability and ease of implementation have made this technology one of the most popular and frequently used in individual housing construction.

The principle of technology and its advantages

As in the case of TISE, the use of permanent formwork allows you to build a house alone. Other advantages are the following factors:

1. The formwork is formed from block or panel structures, which, during the construction of the house, are located along the perimeter of the base and form a pier where reinforcement is mounted and concrete mortar is poured, which gives the structure additional rigidity;
2. The variability of the formwork filler allows you to save a lot on building a house;
3. It is possible to build structures up to 2 floors, while the foundation remains lightweight due to the low weight of the entire building.

Advice! If you choose not only new technologies for the construction of private houses, but also the right materials filling, in this case, for wall formwork, you won’t have to worry about additional thermal insulation materials.

Construction from SIP panels

As for this technology, the most modern materials are used here, but the essence itself comes down to a subspecies frame construction. SIP panels are a panel material made from two chipboard slabs, between which a thermal insulation and waterproofing material, there is often an additional wind membrane. The main advantage of such panels is their readiness for installation on site.

In addition, there are other advantages:

1. Efficiency of house assembly;
2. The light weight of the panels allows you to use a lightweight foundation and do the construction yourself.

Advice! Despite the apparent lightness of the panels, this is a very durable material. The completed house will not only be warm and practical, but also durable. SIP panels can easily withstand hurricane winds, snowfalls and other impacts external environment. At the same time, the material is easily mounted, fastened and, most importantly, the production of panels is possible only in industrial conditions, which, with a good selection of suppliers, guarantees excellent quality of piece elements.

Velox

Relatively new technology, used for the construction of private houses, the principle of which is also to use permanent formwork. The difference from other methods is that the formwork is made not from expanded polystyrene block elements, but from chip-cement or cement-bonded slabs. External plate has additional compaction and insulation made of polystyrene foam. Permanent formwork comes in different thicknesses and is connected with a cement solution with the addition of liquid glass, which gives moisture-repellent properties to the structure.

The advantages are the following factors:

1. Light weight and thickness of wall panels;
2. Lack of additional insulation;
3. Efficiency of construction work;
4. Strength of the building.

When applying new technologies in the construction of private houses, one should not forget about other nuances: as a rule, all modern technologies are not designed for multi-storey buildings, therefore an accurate and high-quality calculation of the load and filling of buildings is required. And, of course, not the last point – materials. Manufacturers offer a huge range of products characterized by excellent quality indicators at reduced costs.

When choosing a project for building a house, each owner expects to fulfill two conditions: efficiency of assembly and comfortable housing. That is why manufacturers offer high-quality and practical modern materials. And the latest technologies are also used. For example, smart home technology, which meets all the requirements and demands of the modern user.

NEW MATERIALS AND THEIR FEATURES

It is worth immediately paying attention to the fact that the latest technologies in construction and high-tech materials are different concepts, although they lie on the same plane. In particular, such piece products as:

foam concrete blocks;

gas blocks;

rounded log;

• Sandwich panels;

  SIP panels;

These are production innovations that have recently appeared on the building materials market, however, they do not require new technological methods, but have features in terms of installation. For example

– Block products (foam concrete, aerated concrete) have a larger format than piece bricks, have increased energy intensity, low weight, and variable density. Due to these indicators, the construction period is reduced, workability is increased and all the high indicators of strength, comfort and practicality of a private house are maintained. Another plus is that the price of materials is lower than for brick, and due to the low weight of the structure, a lightweight foundation is recommended.

– Rounded logs are a natural material that has all the characteristics of natural wood and has high heat capacity, but the price of the material is lower than that of laminated veneer lumber, although the practical qualities remain at a high level. The developer receives convenient piece material with a stable shape, saving on purchases, and thereby reducing the overall cost of the project.

- Panels. The product is also a one-piece product, ideal for a private developer. The convenience of the material is that it is completely ready for installation, that is, the panels are already equipped with a heat-insulating layer, a windproof membrane and moisture protection. You just need to install the frame of the walls, ceilings and roof - the house is ready. In some cases, panel sections have external and internal finishing. The price of materials is significantly lower than any other piece product, the light weight of the elements requires a lightweight foundation, assembly is carried out without “wet processes”, lifting equipment is not always required for installation, which allows you to build a house with your own hands.

Moreover, all of these materials are of invaluable quality - they are able to realize any shapes and formats of buildings without requiring large investments from the developer.

NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR FEATURES

VELOX

A relatively new technology used for the construction of private houses, the principle of which also lies in the use of permanent formwork. The difference from other methods is that the formwork is made not from expanded polystyrene block elements, but from chip-cement or cement-bonded slabs. The outer slab has additional compaction and insulation made of polystyrene foam. Permanent formwork comes in different thicknesses and is connected with a cement solution with the addition of liquid glass, which gives moisture-repellent properties to the structure.

The advantages are the following factors:

1. Light weight and thickness of wall panels;

2. Lack of additional insulation;

3. Efficiency of construction work;

4. Strength of the building.

When applying new technologies in the construction of private houses, one should not forget about other nuances: as a rule, all modern technologies are not designed for multi-storey buildings, therefore an accurate and high-quality calculation of the load and filling of buildings is required. And, of course, not the last point – materials. Manufacturers offer a huge range of products characterized by excellent quality indicators at reduced costs.

The use of new order materials does not cancel the use of building houses using new technologies. The combination of two indicators ensures not only the efficiency of construction of buildings, but also a significant reduction in the cost of house construction.

TISE

An extremely popular technology, which also has the definition of “adjustable formwork”. The process was developed by domestic scientists and, when used, not only does not require the use of special equipment, but also allows you to get by with literally just one pair of hands.

TISE PRINCIPLE

The method is characterized by the installation of pile elements or the arrangement of a columnar-type foundation, supplemented by a grillage. A mandatory tool is a drill designed for TISE technology. Wall panels for this lightweight foundation are assembled from a block piece product, formed directly on the construction site: mobile formwork acts as a form and moves along the wall panels as soon as the made module hardens.

Advantages of the technology:

1. Complete absence of cold bridges;

2. You don’t need a team of professionals; you can easily do it yourself and a couple of assistants to move the formwork and excavation work;

3. Variability in the composition of blocks, which reduces construction costs.

Advice! Most often, TISE technology uses two building materials: concrete and brick. Concrete blocks have a high heat capacity; bricks for cladding will give the structure strength, dimensional stability and additional rigidity.

FRAME CONSTRUCTION

This is one of the simplest and most convenient ways to build a private house. A variety of options for arranging the frame, a lightweight foundation, the ability to build houses up to 2 floors, a huge number of projects and the practicality of the house are the main advantages of the technology.

PECULIARITIES

The construction of the frame begins immediately after the installation of the foundation. The entire structure consists of block elements arranged horizontally, vertically or diagonally, articulated with each other in various ways. Whether lumber or metal is used - it all depends on the financing and preferences of the developer.

It is only important to remember that a metal frame, although more durable, requires metal drilling tools and welding - these nuances can complicate the process of constructing the frame. Good quality lumber is not inferior to metal in terms of durability, while simplifying the assembly process. Most often, good quality timber is used, which is why both the shown rigidity of the frame and its geometric stability are maintained.

Modern construction of frame houses allows several options for filling the walls:

1. OSB boards act as wall panels and are filled with any available thermal insulation material, for example, mineral wool, foam concrete, expanded clay backfill, polyurethane foam.

2. Prefabricated SIP panels, already equipped with insulation, wind and waterproof film.

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Advice! When practicing modern materials and technologies for construction, it is necessary to consider the usability of all elements. In particular, if you build a house with SIP panels, then in order to do it yourself you will have to either choose lightweight elements or hire lifts, since wall panel elements are often heavy. But it all depends on the preferences of the owner of the house.

Benefits of technology

1. The lightness of the structure does not require the construction of heavy and powerful foundations, which means that the construction of a house is possible on any soil without additional excavation work;

2. Minimum construction costs and the possibility of quick redevelopment and completion of the building;

3. Variability of external and internal cladding - panels and sheets easily accept finishing materials, so you can change the look of the house at least every season.

3D PANELS

These are perhaps the latest technologies in construction, which are still little known and available to developers. Despite the cheapness, availability is limited by ignorance and nothing else, because construction using 3D panels is nothing more than a modified version of frame construction of houses.

The panels are produced in industrial conditions; they are not a type of prefabricated panel element, but a monolith of an expanded polystyrene slab, additionally reinforced with reinforcing mesh structures on both sides. Such systems are connected to each other by metal reinforcement rods that pass through the entire structure, which not only preserves the stability of the panels’ shape, but also explains their high strength and resistance to any natural influences. At the same time, the extremely light weight of the structure is maintained, and assembly does not cause any difficulties.

ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY

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In the standard sense, a building made from 3D panels does not have any “rigid frame”; instead, the developer receives a panel element connected with a rigid clip and thereby forming load-bearing wall panels. After installing these panels, the entire structure is filled with a concrete “jacket”, which only increases all the advantages of such a house:

1. The polymers used to create the panels have high energy efficiency indicators, which means that heat loss in such a house will be minimal;

2. Simplicity of assembly ensures quick construction;

3. Manufacturing in an industrial environment guarantees the quality of both an individual element and the entire building as a whole;

4 There is no need to create a heavy foundation; 3D panels, even when poured into concrete, do not have a heavy mass.

Important! The material is much simpler than any block products in the sense that when hanging heavy cabinets you do not have to reinforce the wall with boards. At the same time, the price of 3D panels may well compete with foam and gas block products.

PERMANENT FORMWORK

Availability and ease of implementation have made this technology one of the most popular and frequently used in individual housing construction.

PRINCIPLE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ADVANTAGES

As in the case of TISE, the use of permanent formwork allows you to build a house alone. Other advantages are the following factors:

1. The formwork is formed from block or panel structures, which, during the construction of the house, are located along the perimeter of the base and form a wall where reinforcement is mounted and concrete mortar is poured, which gives the structure additional rigidity;

2. The variability of the formwork filler allows you to save a lot on building a house;

3. It is possible to build structures up to 2 floors, while the foundation remains lightweight due to the low weight of the entire building.

Advice! If you choose not only new technologies for the construction of private houses, but also the right filling materials, in this case, for wall formwork, you will not have to worry about additional thermal insulation materials.

CONSTRUCTION FROM SIP PANELS

As for this technology, the most modern materials are used, but the essence itself comes down to a subtype of frame construction. SIP panels are a panel material made from two chipboard boards, between which thermal insulation and waterproofing material is laid, and there is often an additional wind membrane. The main advantage of such panels is their readiness for installation on site.

In addition, there are other advantages

1. Efficiency of house assembly;

2. Light weight of the panels, which allows you to use a lightweight foundation and do it yourself during construction. Advice! Despite the apparent lightness of the panels, this is a very durable material. The completed house will not only be warm and practical, but also durable. SIP panels can easily withstand hurricane winds, snowfalls and other environmental influences. At the same time, the material is easily mounted, fastened and, most importantly, the production of panels is possible only in industrial conditions, which, with a good selection of suppliers, guarantees excellent quality of piece elements.

The evolution of housing construction over the past decades has allowed us to radically change the idea of ​​comfortable, safe and functional housing. The introduction of automated systems, increasing the efficiency of engineering and the unsurpassed technical and physical properties of building materials are the key areas along which modern home construction is developing. New construction technologies are actively incorporating innovative solutions from related fields.

Development of alternative approaches to production processes, electrical know-how, as well as scientific discoveries leave their mark on technological solutions in the construction field. At the same time, development covers almost all existing niches - from foundation laying methods to power tools and finishing materials.

Block formwork

As you know, the foundation of a house is the foundation. To obtain a strong and reliable structure, it must have an appropriate platform. The principles on which houses are built using the new technology of block (or permanent) formwork suggest several directions. One of the most popular in Russia is the formation of formwork from polystyrene foam hollow elements with

The peculiarity of the design is that the load from the walls is transferred to a monolithic reinforced concrete base - the formwork itself includes slabs, block components, as well as lightweight panels. By the way, the latter do not require removal after the concrete has hardened, and provide two functions: thermal insulation and form-building.

In addition to polystyrene foam materials, the new technology for building houses also allows the use of wood-cement construction, made from slabs and blocks. In the manufacture of such formwork, cement and pine chips from wood processing waste are used, which also affects the environmental qualities of the building.

Thermodome

A vivid illustration of the advantages of using polystyrene foam and block formwork is a thermode. It provides for the construction of a monolithic concrete base, which is implemented using insulated molded components from Obviously, new technologies for the construction of private houses in cold regions require increased thermal insulation, which is provided by polystyrene foam elements.

These are hollow thermal blocks into the niches of which concrete solution is poured. In this way a 15 cm monolithic wall, which has double-sided insulation with polystyrene foam panels 5 cm thick.

3D technologies in construction

Not to mention that the use of three-dimensional modeling has been practiced for many years in the development of interior design projects and preparation technical documentation, today 3D material itself is gaining popularity. Special panels who perform link between monolithic and allowed to master new technologies. Materials in construction based on 3D panels can be thought of as factory-made polystyrene foam elements.

In design, they resemble ordinary slabs, but enclosed in a braid of two running parallel. The connections in the panels are formed by diagonal rods made of stainless or galvanized wire. The rods are fixed at an angle - thus the polystyrene foam base breaks through, which creates a spatial cavity together with reinforcing mesh. When completed, such a system is covered with concrete and looks like a solid monolithic structure.

Innovation in frame housing construction

Experts may associate the name of this technique with sets of ready-made prefabricated elements from which fast construction Houses. New construction technologies have undoubtedly succeeded in this area, but in the case of frame know-how, something else is important.

The design of such buildings involves dispersing the load from the walls and components that provide load-bearing function. That is, the former in this case do not act as a retaining element - this task is transferred to the vertical frame; a fundamentally new technology for building houses according to frame principle, thanks to which new opportunities in the construction of walls open up for builders, since one of the key functions (load-bearing) is eliminated.

Smart home idea

Perhaps the most relevant direction that they are exploring is largest producers and construction organizations. According to the concept of a “smart” home, the living space is maximally optimized both in terms of energy efficiency and ease of use.

Since there are risks of a significant increase in the price of such projects, companies are striving to focus on economical home construction. New construction technologies from different areas allow you to combine communication systems, security devices, lighting equipment, electrical devices and other elements that provide functionality and comfort into a single infrastructure. The interconnection of individual systems, implemented in one complex, significantly facilitates the operation of the house and optimizes the consumption of its resources.

Innovations in lighting technology

At this stage of development of lighting devices, LED products clearly stand out. This is confirmed by the massive transition to LED lighting of industrial and public facilities, however, the private sector is also showing interest in a profitable light source. The use of new technologies in construction is especially pronounced country houses, which are the most energy-consuming. Comprehensive supply of cottages with LED devices allows you to save up to 50%, while maintaining high productivity and quality of lighting. IN latest models Manufacturers of LED lamps use fundamentally new solutions - for example, they introduce polycarbonate and aluminum elements into the body, and the base of the lamp is provided with prismatic light diffusers.

Tools and equipment

In these areas, product improvement is driven by intense market competition. Convenience, efficiency and safety during operation construction tools are increased through the introduction of new clamps for processing heads, more reliable cutting components, high-power batteries, anti-vibration systems, etc. Ergonomics are not ignored - manufacturers use special compositions of plastic and rubber in the tool, which simplifies construction. New technologies, new equipment and a wide range of auxiliary systems allow you to carry out repair and installation operations safely, quickly and efficiently.

"Green" technologies

Technological advancement in construction can no longer be imagined without composite and synthetic materials. Despite manufacturers' assurances of the absolute safety of such products, a truly environmentally friendly home is only possible if natural raw materials are used. Despite their exotic nature, designs for structures made of adobe, clay, earth and other materials are in demand and are being improved. The foundation is made on the basis of harmless concrete, and shingles, reeds, straw, etc. are used in the roofing.

The concept of the “Fox Hole” project also seems very original - in essence, it involves earthworks Houses. New construction technologies here can be seen as the very idea of ​​getting as close to nature as possible. Less radical options for eco-houses include buildings in which the use of potent mixtures is minimized, paint coatings, plastic cladding and other non-natural building materials.

Trends in housing construction development

It is difficult to highlight or outline at least approximate directions that may continue in the future. There are quite a lot of them, and the close interrelation of different approaches during direct construction does not allow us to differentiate between the specializations of technologies. For example, the introduction of fiberglass reinforcement entails changes in foundation construction methods, and the application places new demands on fixing elements. It follows from this that the latest technologies in construction are aimed at achieving specific task taking into account the development of related areas.

It is also impossible to predict what construction will be like in 20-50 years. Today, the use of some space technologies is coming into practice, gunpowder tools are appearing - perhaps these areas will soon lay the foundation for new concepts of house building, leaving behind the once revolutionary “warm” floors, polycarbonate alloys and vinyl wallpapers. But in any case, the latest technologies in construction will be focused on a completely traditional set of characteristics of a modern home - energy efficiency, comfort and ergonomics, reliability and durability, safety and economy. Development technologies are tailored to such requests. building mixtures, block materials, equipment, etc.

Spaceloft blankets also allow water vapor to pass through them and are also fire resistant, surprisingly. While homes wrapped in airgel won't be as fire-resistant as the homes in Fahrenheit 451, this type of insulation should reduce the number of home fires.

The problem is that airgel is much more expensive than traditional insulation, although it will save money on energy bills over the long haul. Additionally, not all homes can be easily retrofitted with this material. These blankets are best suited for older homes, or new ones that will be specially designed for airgel insulation.

Travel printer

Laying a road takes a lot of time. On average, one worker can lay 100 square meters per day using traditional methods. Road printers like Tiger Stone can reduce this process by printing up to 300 square meters of cobblestones per day.

Another RoadPrinter RPS can lay up to 500 square meters per day. One to three operators feed the bricks to the machine. The pusher then sorts the bricks into a pattern, like a carpet. At this moment, gravity takes its toll and the machine lays a brick road. A roller-like roller then presses the bricks into place.

These printers run on electricity and don't have many moving parts, making them easy to use and maintain. They also do not create much noise, especially compared to traditional road paving methods.

Of course, the main difference between most roads and those laid by these printing machines is that they lay bricks, cobblestones or tiles instead of asphalt. However, expensive block ones are even better than asphalt because they filter water, expand when they freeze, and last longer.

Cableless multi-directional elevators

The big problem with large infrastructure is that there is no effective way move in it. People always walk at the same speed and at a certain distance. And each elevator often has only one moving cabin. If you've ever used an elevator in a large building, you know that sometimes waiting to die is like waiting.

German manufacturer ThyssenKrupp elevators are planning to get rid of these problems. Instead of using cables, he proposes using elevators based on magnetic levitation (maglev). Then they will be able to move both vertically and horizontally. This will also allow the use of more than one booth per shaft, which will save waiting time.

Finally, magnetic elevators will consume less energy, which is also good for the environment. In 2016, ThyssenKrupp plans to test a new elevator system in a building on its research campus.

Solar paint

One of the most common complaints about solar panels is that they are large, an eyesore, and not powerful enough. To change this, several researchers are working on solar cells that are so small and flexible that they can be drawn on surfaces. In fact, a team of researchers from the University of Alberta created Solar cells in the form of a spray with nanoparticles of zinc and phosphorus.

If every homeowner painted their roof with this solar paint, they could generate more than enough energy for their home, thereby reducing their dependence on fossil fuels. In addition, solar paint is cheaper to produce than traditional paints. The solar panels used in this paint are not very efficient yet, but scientists are working on this problem.

Vertical cities

According to United Nations projections, by 2050 there will be more than 9.6 billion people on Earth. This is 2.3 billion more animals than we have today. Additionally, 75% of the world's population is expected to live in cities, exacerbating our lack of free space in these same cities.

One way to solve this problem is to build vertical cities. There are already several proposals for vertical cities that could be built in the Sahara, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and China.

These vertical cities will have giant buildings that will provide for people residential buildings, workplaces and shops. For example, the Italian firm Luca Curci Architects is going to build a 189-story building in the UAE. It will be able to accommodate 25,000 people with shops and offices. Since people won't have to leave the building, it will solve space problems and reduce carbon emissions.

Such mega-buildings will be self-sustaining and green. Since they are large, you can place them over the entire area of ​​the walls. solar panels. They will also use geothermal energy and collect rainwater.

Smart concrete

When an area begins to flood, there is nowhere for the water to drain. In the city this is even worse, because there less soil to absorb water. To reduce the threat of flooding, UK company Tarmac has created an asphalt called Topmix Permeable.

Most types of concrete allow water to soak into the ground, but only 300 millimeters per hour. Topmix allows you to pass 36,000 millimeters of water per hour, which is about 3300 liters per minute.

Instead of using sand for concrete, Topmix includes crushed granite pieces packed together. Water seeps through these pieces of granite and is then absorbed by the soil, flowing down the drain, or collected in a water reserve. In addition to reducing the chance of flooding, Topmix will be able to keep streets dry and safe. In addition, water can be sent to reservoirs and used for needs.

The problem with pervious concrete is that it can only be used in areas that are not too cold. Cold weather will cause the concrete to expand, which will destroy it. It will also be more expensive than regular concrete, but over the long haul, cities can save money by reducing flooding.

Smart bricks

Taking a look at Kite Bricks' Smart Bricks, it's easy to see their resemblance to Lego bricks. These building bricks have handles on the top and can be connected like Lego pieces. Smart bricks are held in place by reinforcement and come in the most different forms.

Instead of using cement, these bricks are held together with strong double-sided adhesive. From inside the building, removable, replaceable panels can be attached to the bricks. These panels can be removed if necessary. There are also cubes for building floors and ceilings. The blocks are empty in the center and can be filled with insulation, pipes and electrical wiring as needed.

Such bricks could lead to improved heat control, flexibility in production and a 50% reduction in production costs.

Swarm of construction robots

In search of innovative construction methods, Harvard researchers turned to nature for inspiration, in particular termites. Termites can build large structures in the absence of central control. For this purpose, they simply carry a piece of dirt to the site of the first construction site. If she is busy, they carry her to the next place.

The TERMES project uses the same idea of ​​swarm construction, but uses small robots. These simple, inexpensive drones build structures by following the original design and placing blocks in the first available space until the structure is complete. The swarm does not require human intervention at all after setting the initial task.

This type would be ideal for constructing structures in dangerous places, in space or under water. He could also do menial jobs, saving people time.

Long gone are the days when the construction of houses was carried out using a single technology - now everyone can choose the method that will allow them to erect a low-rise building in accordance with individual preferences and as soon as possible. The same applies to the materials used to build a house - the modern supply market will satisfy any demand.

When the foundation construction phase is behind us, the most exciting period of construction work begins. We are talking about building the walls of your future home. Indeed, literally brick by brick, the structure will move from the category of fantasies and plans into reality.

Modern materials for building houses make it possible to erect a high-quality building in short time, but first it is necessary to understand the theoretical side of this issue. For example, find out what technologies for building walls of houses exist. It is also necessary to decide on the materials that will be used in the work. Today it is important to take care not only of the beauty and convenience of the future structure, but also of its environmental cleanliness. It's no secret that many materials for the construction and decoration of walls can be hazardous to health, so it is better to study in advance all possible types of environmentally friendly materials.

This material presents a comparison of technologies for the construction of private houses and provides characteristics of new, environmentally friendly materials.

Technology for the construction of individual houses "Izodom"

IN modern construction Increasingly, not ordinary wood and materials are being used, but materials of a new generation that meet the increased requirements for the quality and durability of the future home.

Walls built using Izodom technology are superior to many other building materials in such parameters as sound insulation, thermal conductivity, speed of construction work and, of course, strength.

In accordance with the Izodom house construction technology load-bearing walls are constructed from monolithic reinforced concrete and special formwork made from construction foam polystyrene. This technology belongs to a new generation of construction methods, but it is worth noting that the materials used in it have undergone many years of careful strength testing.

Permanent formwork used in construction technology individual houses“Izodom” is made of hard polystyrene foam. By design, it consists of hollow blocks that are filled with concrete. They are connected to each other according to the Lego principle using special locks and prevent concrete from leaking out.

Unfilled blocks are practically weightless, and even a child can lift them. Building using this technology is easy and quick. In just one technological operation, a monolithic concrete wall is erected, which is protected from the inside and outside heat and sound insulating polystyrene foam shell.

Load-bearing walls must have heat and sound insulation, and a margin of safety. To give them these parameters, it is necessary to exclude the use of porous building material, which can lead to loss of heat-shielding properties, as well as increase the thickness of the wall, which in turn will lead to high consumption of material. Expanded polystyrene with a thickness of only 5 cm can replace concrete wall 2.5 m thick and at the same time will meet all the specified requirements.

"Tise" house construction technology (with video)

It is in human nature to strive for the best. In the field of construction, this is reflected in the constant search for the most cost-effective technologies. Today, the new technology for building houses TISE, or TISE, has become very popular. This popularity is associated primarily with its extraordinary cheapness. In addition, when using TISE methods in construction, no special tools and technology, you can build a building gradually and in your free time.

To build foundations and walls using the TISE technology for constructing private houses, special blocks and adjustable formwork are required. The technology is extremely simple. Special forms are laid on the prepared foundation, Bottom part which has protrusions, which in turn capture the lower row of blocks. It does not require the use masonry mortar, just moisten the bottom row of blocks with water. This reduces purchasing costs additional materials. In addition, the laying is done very quickly. On a summer day, you need to wait 4 hours before laying the next row, and at other times of the year - a day. The walls are reinforced using road or welded non-metallic mesh.

Thus, when using the TISE wall construction technology, neither a large construction site, nor electricity, nor specialized equipment and machinery are required. It is enough to have two hands, a head on your shoulders and purchase special blocks and formwork.

This video demonstrates the TISE house construction technology:

What other technologies are used to build houses?

Behind last years Technologies for building houses with your own hands have evolved. New methods that allow you to build a house quickly, efficiently and inexpensively are becoming increasingly popular.

Modules

A module is a ready-made element that consists of walls and ceilings. Such a module is made at a construction plant, that is, this element arrives at the construction site already fully assembled, with utilities installed, with window and doorways. The module is installed on a finished foundation or on other modules and connected using special fasteners.

Monolithic frame.

Until recently, rigid monolithic frames were used only in construction multi-storey buildings, but modern technologies make it possible to use this system in low-rise construction. Advantages of monolithic frame construction technology- this is reliability, speed of construction and long service life of the structure - up to two hundred years.

Thermally efficient blocks.

Large thermally efficient blocks began to be used in construction relatively recently, but it is already possible to identify a number of advantages of their use, the main one of which is the speed of construction of walls. Thermally efficient blocks belong to a new generation of materials and consist of two layers of concrete, which are framed by 10 cm of expanded polystyrene. The blocks are connected to each other using fiberglass reinforcement rods.

Sandwich panels.

Sandwich panels consist of several layers various materials. The dimensions of such panels are large enough to allow construction works quickly and efficiently. This is one of the best technologies for constructing private houses. If we compare brick and the latest building construction, which include sandwich panels, the use of the latter allows you to reduce the construction time of walls by 10 times. The panels are attached using special butt locks to a pre-prepared frame. Wooden, metal and reinforced concrete structures. Joints are sealed with polyurethane foam or aluminum foil. The structures can be dismantled easily and quickly at any time. In addition, with the help of sandwich panels it is possible to veneer already ready house to improve its thermal insulation properties.

What are the best materials used to build houses?

In the construction of houses you can use the most different materials, good for modern market there is no shortage of them. But will life in such a house be comfortable and healthy? It's no secret that some materials are made using toxic components. Therefore, building a “healthy” home begins with the search for modern environmentally friendly materials.

Soil block.

It consists of cement, peat, ash, sawdust and pine needles. Due to the fact that it contains cement, it is resistant to moisture. Alternatively, you can use unstabilized soil blocks, which are made from soil itself. This is one of the best materials for building houses, as it has high strength, low thermal conductivity, fire resistance and low cost.

Geocar.

The basis for its composition is peat, processed into paste, as well as straw, shavings, and sawdust. All components are thoroughly dried and formed into blocks. A geocar house will be free of mold and rodents. In addition, it has durability, high heat capacity and sound insulation.

Kerpen.

When talking about which material is better for building a house, it is definitely worth talking about kerpen. It belongs to a new generation of materials and is made from natural raw materials. The environmental properties of kerpen are comparable to ordinary glass. The material is frost-resistant, durable, moisture-resistant and resistant to changes atmospheric pressure. If you want to have a truly eco-friendly home, use natural materials. No, you are not invited to build a hut from reeds or straw, although many materials include them. Opt for shell rock, chalk, limestone, wood or adobe. In addition, rubble or cobblestones are successfully used in construction.

Pink Artik tuff.

This ultra modern material for the construction of houses has not yet become widespread. Meanwhile, it is durable and frost-resistant. Tuff is used only for the construction of low-rise buildings.

Clay fired brick.

When choosing a material for building a house, one should not forget about clay kiln brick. This is a modern counterpart to ordinary brick, but in its properties it is more suitable for humans. It has good heat capacity, thermal conductivity, strength, water resistance and fire resistance.

Zidarite.

Zidarite is used in monolithic frame construction as formwork. This one of the best materials for building a private house includes wood (89%), cement (10%), water and liquid glass (1%).

Fibrolite.

Like zidarite, fiberboard is used in monolithic construction as formwork to create ceilings, partitions and interior decoration. This is a modern material for the construction of private houses. Consists of filler, sealer and binder component. The main advantages of fiberboard include fire resistance, sound insulation and, of course, environmental cleanliness material.

Tools for building a house

New, modern technologies for building houses allow you to build walls with your own hands using a minimum of tools. Judge for yourself: it is enough for a master to have at hand:

• a drill with an attachment or a concrete mixer - for preparing adhesive-masonry mortar;
• ladle for applying the solution;
• various available tools: rubber hammer, level, plumb bob, hacksaw, spatula, dust brushes, shovels and buckets;
• optical level or theodolite;
• power tools: circular saw, electric plane.

As you can see, in our age of high technology, nothing supernatural is required for construction. The main thing is to use tools and materials to build a house wisely.