Requirements for the placement of the X-ray room. Requirements for the premises and equipment of the X-ray room Procedural X-ray room

Arrangement of a modern x-ray room includes several stages, starting with the preparation of the premises itself. The planning of the room, calculation of parameters and technological arrangement are carried out by special services, preferably in tandem with an experienced radiologist.

The X-ray diagnostic room equipment includes:

• arrangement of radiation protection,
• treatment room equipment,
• photo laboratory equipment,
• equipment for the doctor's and laboratory assistant's workplace.

It is also advisable to have separate room for storing film archives.

Arrangement of radiation protection

To provide protection from penetrating X-ray radiation, the treatment room is finished with special X-ray protective materials over the entire area: walls, ceilings and floors, doors and windows. Barite plaster is used for walls or special X-ray protective gypsum panels, leaded materials with a certain lead equivalent - glass and metal sheets to protect doors and windows.

Treatment room equipmentrooms

List of basic equipment for the X-ray room procedure room:

• stationary X-ray machine for 2 or 3 workstations (radiography, fluoroscopy, linear tomography),
• ward mobile device,
• dental x-ray machine for intraoral images or orthopantomograph,
• digital radiovisiograph (on request).

By sanitary standards to install one x-ray diagnostic complex for 2 or 3 workplaces, an area of ​​at least 6 square meters is required. m, including installation of a targeted dental apparatus. For additional installation orthopantomograph requires more than 8 square meters. m area. For installation and operation of the second device, a room of 12 square meters is required. m.

In modern X-ray diagnostics, both film and digital X-ray systems with highly sensitive receivers are used, which improve the quality of research and reduce the radiation load. Remote-controlled complexes are used for remote fluoroscopy, which does not require light adaptation, and also reduces the radiation load on personnel.

A digital radiovisiograph is a wireless flat-panel detector in cassette format that allows you to obtain digital image using an analog X-ray machine.

Required additional equipment:

• mobile (screens) and individual means lead rubber protection, the set of which includes: aprons, collars, gloves, skirts and aprons, caps, a set of protective plates and safety glasses. All personal protective equipment must have factory markings and a lead equivalent of at least 0.3 mm,
• individual wearable dosimeters-radiometers for individual monitoring of personnel, they are periodically changed and sent to a special laboratory (to determine the possible radiation dose received),
• screw chair,
• fixing chair for examining children (on request).

If there are two X-ray machines, a special blocker must be installed to prevent the simultaneous activation of all equipment.

X-ray complexes are placed in such a way that the main radiation beam is directed at the main wall.

In the absence of a specially designated room, the control panel is located behind a B-40 type protective screen.

The X-ray room must be equipped with an autonomous supply and exhaust ventilation with an air exchange rate of at least 3 per hour.

The entrance door must be latchable from the inside and have a warning light for patients on the outside.

Equipping a photo laboratory and a doctor’s workplace

The X-ray laboratory must be equipped with the following equipment:

• film processing plant manually(tank tanks) or developing machine for automatic processing of X-ray film,
• non-actinic developing lights with red (for green-sensitive film) or green (for blue-sensitive film) light,
• negatoscopes for viewing pictures,
• darkroom clock with timer,
• a set of several cassettes standard sizes for exposing film,
• electrical cabinet for drying developed film,
• cabinet for storing X-ray film supplies,
• Consumables: X-ray film, photo reagents, barium for fluoroscopy.

The photo laboratory must have cold and hot water supply, supply and exhaust ventilation.

The radiologist's workplace is located in a separate room or combined with a control room. Equipped with:

• personal computer with a package of application programs,
• fluoroscope (for viewing fluorograms),
• negatoscope,
• laser printer for printing digital images,
• an intercom for transmitting commands to the patient, a video device for monitoring the patient, or a viewing window with X-ray protective glass.

TO additional equipment includes furniture: chairs and tables, cabinets for storing documentation.

03.02.2018

Basic requirements for the premises of the X-ray room and for placement in it x-ray equipment

The placement of the X-ray room and equipment in it is carried out on the basis of a project completed by an organization that has a license to operate in the placement of sources ionizing radiation(generating) and design of radiation protection means.

An X-ray room, unlike other rooms in medical institutions, is not one room, but several rooms (rooms isolated from each other), each of which has its own purpose and corresponds in area to the established regulatory requirements, and also meets all other sanitary and hygienic requirements. We will dwell on the latter in detail.

Composition and area of ​​the X-ray room/rooms of the X-ray room

The X-ray room includes at least 3 isolated rooms, one of which serves as a treatment room (the room in which work is directly carried out using sources of ionizing radiation), the second is a control room (the room in which the equipment that controls the radiation source is located) and the third is an office doctor Depending on the purpose of the X-ray equipment or the specifics of the activity medical institution The X-ray room may include a darkroom, a waiting room, a dressing room, a staff room, etc. ( detailed information the types of X-ray rooms are described in the article “Project of an X-ray room”).

Appendix 5 to SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03 establishes the composition and area of ​​X-ray rooms. Thus, based on the information in Appendix 5 to SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, we present below in Table 1 the area of ​​the treatment room with different X-ray machines, in Table 2 the composition and area of ​​the rooms of the X-ray diagnostic room, in Table 3 - the composition and area of ​​the rooms of the X-ray therapy room.

Table 1

Treatment room area with different x-ray machines

table 2

Composition and area of ​​the premises of the X-ray diagnostic room

* Not necessary.
** Not needed when using devices for digital radiography and fluorography.

Table 3

Composition and area of ​​premises of the X-ray therapy room

The use of premises of a smaller area or a reduced set of premises is possible in cases where the equipment used, the organization of work, the number of personnel, etc. ensure compliance with general hygienic requirements (microclimate, bacterial contamination, sanitary and epidemiological regime, etc.).

X-ray room in the building: basic requirements

According to the hygienic requirements of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, it is advisable to place x-ray rooms centrally, as part of the x-ray department, at the junction of the hospital and the clinic. X-ray rooms of infectious diseases, tuberculosis and obstetric departments of hospitals and, if necessary, fluorography rooms of emergency departments and outpatient departments can be located separately.

By general rule The X-ray department (office) is not allowed to be located in residential buildings and children's institutions. The exception is X-ray dental rooms (devices), the possibility of placing which in residential buildings is regulated by a special chapter of rules SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, as well as the “Basic sanitary rules ensuring radiation safety (OSPORB-99/2010" SP 2.6.1.2612-10 and Amendment 1 to SP 2.6.1.2612-10. It is not allowed to place dental X-ray machines with a film image receiver in residential buildings.

In dental and X-ray rooms adjacent to residential apartments, it is allowed to place X-ray diagnostic devices with digital image processing, the total rated workload of which does not exceed 40 mA-min/week. (detailed information on this issue is described in the article “Placement of X-ray equipment in a dental clinic”).

It is allowed to operate X-ray rooms in clinics built into residential buildings if the vertically and horizontally adjacent rooms are not residential. It is also possible to place X-ray rooms in an extension to residential building, as well as in ground floors, if the entrance to the X-ray department (office) is separate from the entrance to the residential building.

As stated in clause 3.3 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, an X-ray department serving only a hospital or only a clinic should be located in the end parts of the building. In this case, the department should not be a walk-through. Entrances to the X-ray department for inpatient and outpatient department patients are separate.

Important: by virtue of clause 3.4 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, it is not allowed:

• Place X-ray rooms under rooms where water can leak through the ceiling (swimming pools, showers, restrooms, etc.);
• Place the X-ray treatment room adjacent to the wards for pregnant women and children.

Room for x-ray equipment

According to clause 2 of Appendix 7 to SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, the selection of premises included in the X-ray room (department) is carried out by the administration of the medical institution together with the X-ray and radiological department (RRO) (or another organization similar in function to the RRO) of the region and is consistent with institution of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance. At the same time, in relation to individual rooms of the X-ray room medical organization must be observed special requirements, established by SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03. However, in practice, such coordination of the selected premises with Rospotrebnadzor no longer exists and applications for approval of the placement of the X-ray room are no longer submitted.

X-ray room

A treatment room is a specially equipped room in an x-ray room in which an x-ray emitter is located and x-ray examinations or x-ray therapy are carried out.

According to clause 3.11 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, the height of the X-ray treatment room must ensure the functioning of technical equipment, for example, ceiling mounting of an X-ray emitter, tripod, television monitor, shadowless lamp, etc. X-ray equipment with ceiling suspension emitter, screen-imaging device or X-ray image intensifier requires a room height of at least 3 m (2.6 meters according to the newer SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10). The height of the X-ray treatment room in the case of rotational irradiation must be at least 3 m. The width of the doorway in the X-ray diagnostic room, RCT room and cath lab must be at least 1.2 m with a height of 2.0 m, the size of the rest doorways- 0.9 x 1.8 m.

Requirements for the treatment room area, including depending on the X-ray machine, are given in Tables 1, 2 and 3 above. At the same time, as stated in clause 3.9, the area of ​​the procedural room can be adjusted in agreement with the body exercising federal sanitary and epidemiological supervision, taking into account the following requirements:

• The distance from the personnel workplace behind a small protective screen to the walls of the room is at least 1.5 m;
• The distance from the personnel workplace behind a large protective screen to the walls of the room is at least 0.6 m;
• The distance from the rotating tripod table or from the imaging table to the walls of the room is at least 1.0 m;
• The distance from the photo stand to the nearest wall is at least 0.1 m;
• The distance from the X-ray tube to the viewing window is at least 2 m (for mammography and dental devices - at least 1 m);
• The technological passage for personnel between elements of stationary equipment is at least 0.8 m;
• The area where the gurney is placed for the patient is at least 1.5 x 2 m;
• Additional area in case of technological need to bring a gurney into the treatment room - 6 m 2.

In accordance with clause 3.30 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, in the treatment room, in addition to the procedure room for fluorography and the X-ray operating room, it is provided for the installation of a sink with a supply of cold and hot water. In a procedural room designed for urological studies, a viduar should be installed.

In the treatment room for the study of children, the presence of toys (washed in a soap and soda solution and disinfected) and distracting design is allowed.

Important: It is not allowed to place equipment in the treatment room that is not included in the project, as well as to carry out work that is not related to x-ray examinations.

X-ray machine placement

The X-ray machine is placed in the treatment room in such a way that the primary beam of radiation is directed towards main wall, behind which there is a less visited room. The direct beam of radiation should not be directed towards the viewing window (control room of the protective screen). When the office is located on the first or ground floor, the windows of the treatment room are screened with protective shutters to a height of at least 2 m from the level of the building's blind area. When placing the X-ray room above the first floor at a distance from the treatment room to residential and office premises of a neighboring building less than 30 m away, the windows of the treatment room are screened with protective shutters to a height of at least 2 m from the finished floor level.

Information about controlling the X-ray machine is presented in the article “X-ray room project”.

Photo lab

In accordance with clause 3.23 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, a photo laboratory can consist of one room - a “dark room”. When equipping a laboratory with a developing machine, an additional “light” room should be provided for sorting, marking and trimming dry photographs.

The minimum area of ​​a darkroom (“dark room”) for small-format photographs is 6 m2, for large-format photographs - 8 m2. The minimum width of the passage for personnel between elements of equipment in a dark room is 1.0 m. The width of the doorway is 0.9 - 1.0 m.

The walls of the darkroom are finished with light-colored tiles, primarily at the sink and photo processing device (tiled apron). It is allowed to finish with tiles to a height of 2 m with the overlying finishing materials allowing for repeated wet sanitization.

The door from the darkroom, as well as the treatment room and control room to the corridor, should, for reasons fire safety open “to the exit” (during the evacuation), and from the control room to the treatment room - towards the treatment room.

Window, transfer hatch and front door darkrooms are protected with light-proof curtains to prevent exposure of photographic materials.

However, it is worth noting that a darkroom is necessary when using film X-ray machines, which have actually already been replaced by modern digital technology.

Other requirements for X-ray room premises

SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03 contains a number special rules in relation to the X-ray room premises. Thus, the floor of the treatment room, control room, except for the X-ray operating room and darkroom, is made of natural or artificial electrical insulating materials. Application artificial surfaces and floor structures is possible if they have a conclusion on their electrical safety. In the X-ray operating room, preoperative room, and darkroom, the floors are covered with waterproof materials that are easy to clean and allow frequent washing and disinfection. The floor of the cath lab must be antistatic and spark-free. When making a floor from antistatic linoleum, it is necessary to ground the base of the linoleum.

The surfaces of the walls and ceilings in the treatment room and control room should be smooth, easy to clean and allow wet cleaning. Decoration Materials must have a sanitary and epidemiological certificate allowing their use in residential and public buildings.

The walls in the X-ray operating room are finished with materials that do not produce light reflections, for example, matte tiles.

The orientation of the windows of the X-ray room for fluoroscopy and the control room is preferable to the north-west directions.

The treatment room window for fluoroscopy, if necessary, is equipped with light-protective devices to darken it from natural light(direct sunlight).

An important requirement to comply with is the requirement to place a light sign (signal) “Do not enter!” white-red color, automatically lighting up when the anode voltage is turned on, at the entrance to the procedure room of the X-ray diagnostics, fluorography room and to the control room of the X-ray therapy room at a height of 1.6 - 1.8 m from the floor or above the door. In this case, it is allowed to apply a sign to the light signal radiation hazard.

The regulated air exchange rate, calculated values ​​of illumination and temperature in the premises of the X-ray department (room) are given in Appendix 6 to SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03. The inflow should be carried out into the upper zone, the exhaust - from the lower and upper zones in a ratio of 50 +/- 10%.

Ventilation of X-ray rooms in newly constructed buildings general purpose must be autonomous. In existing departments, the presence of non-autonomous general supply and exhaust ventilation is allowed, with the exception of computed tomography departments and X-ray departments of infectious diseases hospitals. It is allowed to equip X-ray rooms (departments) with air conditioners.

Start and end of work in the X-ray room

In accordance with clause 3.32 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, before starting work, personnel check the serviceability of equipment and reagents with mandatory registration of the results in a technical control log. If malfunctions are detected, it is necessary to suspend work and call a representative of the organization carrying out Maintenance and equipment repair.

After the end of the working day, the X-ray machine, electrical appliances, desk lamp, electric lighting, ventilation, wet cleaning of walls with washing of floors and thorough disinfection of elements and accessories of the X-ray machine are carried out. Wet cleaning is carried out monthly using a 1 - 2% solution acetic acid. Wet cleaning of the treatment room and control room of the X-ray room is not allowed immediately before and during X-ray examinations.

Necessary formalities

According to the general rule, enshrined in clause 3.31 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, an institution that has an X-ray room or an X-ray machine must have the following documentation related to the premises of the X-ray room and the placement of X-ray equipment in it:

• Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the type of activity (operation, storage, etc.) (see also “Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on types of activity”);
• technical passport for the X-ray room (more details in the article “ Technical certificate to the X-ray room");
• Project documentation for the placement of X-ray equipment;
• The act of putting the X-ray machine into operation, signed by representatives of the organization carrying out commissioning works, and a medical organization (for newly supplied devices) and an act for hidden work.

SanPin provisions define specific requirements for the condition of x-ray and dental rooms, based on concern for the health of patients. They are based on relevant federal laws. In addition to general cleaning and cleaning equipment after use, the rules establish safety parameters for patients and staff.

The rules developed in SanPin 2.6.1.1192-03 apply to all organizations using X-ray installations. Amended new rules were released in 2006. All medical centers must obey them, regardless of who owns them. The rules come into force at the stage of designing a house and are valid during the construction of a medical building, modernization of its parts and operation of offices.

One-time amount of radiation and motivation for radiography

Radiation doses for doctors and patients are subject to restrictions according to SanPin:

1. A radiologist has no right to receive a radiation dose of more than 20 m3 per 12 months. A dose of 50 m3 is acceptable, but the annual dosage must be maintained.
2. Women under 45 years of age should not take more than 1 m 3 x-ray per month.
3. A single dose for the patient being examined should be kept in the amount of no more than 1 m 3 in.

SanPin 2003 says that the patient receiving a dose of X-ray radiation must be justified. Motivation includes:

• if possible, use other diagnostic methods that do not involve irradiation of the patient;
• prescribing radiography only for serious indications;
• least choice dangerous species radiography;
• an unfavorable outcome of the disease should exceed the risk of an x-ray examination.

The same conditions apply when prescribing x-ray therapy. The benefit from it must be greater than the harm from radiation.

Concern for the safety of the subject

Minimizing harm to patients in SanPin contains the following provisions:

• examination of the patient in x-ray rooms is carried out on the direction of the doctor;
• the subject receives all the information about a single dose of X-ray irradiation and its possible negative consequences;
• X-ray equipment complies with established standards;
• the optimal dosage for the study is used;
• X-rays are carried out by specially trained personnel;
• the office is kept in proper condition;
• the rules for using the equipment are followed;
• The operation of the X-ray room is monitored.

Responsibility for the consequences of the examination lies with the radiologist. He decides whether x-rays can be taken. If, in his opinion, the referral for an x-ray is not justified, he has the right to refuse the examination.

Rules for placing x-ray units and establishing their functioning

There are strict requirements for the installation of X-ray machines in new centers in SanPin:

• the devices cannot be placed in residential buildings;
• It is recommended to organize special x-ray departments;
• X-ray rooms are installed at the end of the houses of medical centers or hospitals;
• at the top (on the next floor) there should be no rooms with the possibility of water leakage;
• X-rays should not be adjacent to the children's department and rooms for expectant mothers;
• cabinets should be used only for their intended purpose, there should be no other equipment there;
• The gaps between the radiologist's table, the protective screen, the X-ray machine, walls and windows are strictly regulated.

The floor covering in the radiography room must be antistatic and prevent sparks. It adapts to frequent washing With detergents. The walls are being finished matte materials so that there is no glare. The window is equipped with light protection. X-ray installation it is installed so that the beam of rays falls on the main wall.

X-ray machine

The wall partitions of the darkroom are finished with a tiled apron. When using static x-ray installations, it is recommended to organize work in two rooms - the control room and the examination room. A window is provided from the control room to the examination room for visual communication with the patient. The installation is located in the examination room, and in the control room there is a remote control and a screen.

Temperature and air exchange requirements

The temperature in the X-ray room according to SanPin is allowed to range from 18 to 22 degrees. Air extraction occurs once every 60 minutes. The influx of fresh air into the examination room occurs once every 20 minutes, in the control room - once every half hour. The intensity of lighting in the department is also regulated.

Concern for the safety of medical workers

Employees of the radiographic department are provided with radiation protection items. Employees over 17 years of age can conduct radiation examinations. Radiographers and technicians must undergo an annual physical examination. Expectant mothers at all stages and women breastfeeding a baby are not allowed to work with emitting equipment.

Operating conditions for dental offices with an X-ray machine

The room intended for x-rays in a dental clinic according to SanPin must have a minimum size of 8 m 2. In 60 minutes, old air is extracted three times and oxygen is supplied twice. The room temperature is allowed within 18 - 20 degrees. The equipment is registered with the Ministry of Health. The question of whether radiography can be performed is resolved simply - the clinic must have a licensing permit. Radiation protection items must be present in the office. Radiography is performed by a certified specialist.

After the end of the appointment time, all devices in the radiography room are turned off. A technician performs wet cleaning - wipes wall coverings, washes the floors. Trained personnel conduct disinfection measures with an X-ray machine and component materials.

Once a month it is necessary to carry out general cleaning with a 2% acetic acid solution. General cleaning and the usual one cannot be carried out in the morning before the start of patients’ appointments - only in the evening.

The developed operating conditions for the radiography room ensure the safety of patients and staff. They cannot be neglected.

The placement of the X-ray room and equipment in it is carried out on the basis of a project completed by an organization that has a license to operate in the placement of ionizing radiation sources (generating) and the design of radiation protection equipment.

An X-ray room, unlike other rooms in medical institutions, is not one room, but several rooms (rooms isolated from each other), each of which has its own purpose and in area meets the established regulatory requirements, and also meets all other sanitary and hygienic requirements. We will dwell on the latter in detail.

The X-ray room includes at least 3 isolated rooms, one of which serves as a treatment room (the room in which work is directly carried out using sources of ionizing radiation), the second is a control room (the room in which the equipment that controls the radiation source is located) and the third is an office doctor Depending on the purpose of the X-ray equipment or the specifics of the medical institution, the X-ray room may include a darkroom, a waiting room, a undressing cabin, a staff room, etc. (detailed information about the types of X-ray rooms is presented in the article “”).

Appendix 5 to SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03 establishes the composition and area of ​​X-ray rooms. Thus, based on the information in Appendix 5 to SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, we present below in Table 1 the area of ​​the treatment room with different X-ray machines, in Table 2 the composition and area of ​​the premises of the X-ray diagnostic room, in Table 3 - the composition and area of ​​the premises of the X-ray therapy room.

Table 1

Treatment room area with different x-ray machines

table 2

Composition and area of ​​the premises of the X-ray diagnostic room

* Not necessary.
** Not needed when using devices for digital radiography and fluorography.

Table 3

Composition and area of ​​premises of the X-ray therapy room

The use of premises of a smaller area or a reduced set of premises is possible in cases where the equipment used, the organization of work, the number of personnel, etc. ensure compliance with general hygienic requirements (microclimate, bacterial contamination, sanitary and epidemiological regime, etc.).

According to the hygienic requirements of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, it is advisable to place x-ray rooms centrally, as part of the x-ray department, at the junction of the hospital and the clinic. X-ray rooms of infectious diseases, tuberculosis and obstetric departments of hospitals and, if necessary, fluorography rooms of emergency departments and outpatient departments can be located separately.

As a general rule, the X-ray department (office) is not allowed to be located in residential buildings and children's institutions. The exception is X-ray dental rooms (devices), the possibility of placing which in residential buildings is regulated by a special chapter of rules SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, as well as the “Basic sanitary rules for ensuring radiation safety (OSPORB-99/2010” SP 2.6.1.2612-10 and Amendment 1 to SP 2.6.1.2612-10. It is not allowed to place dental X-ray machines with a film image receiver in residential buildings.

In dental and X-ray dental offices adjacent to residential apartments, it is allowed to place X-ray diagnostic devices with digital image processing, the total nominal workload of which does not exceed 40 mA-min/week. (detailed information on this issue is presented in the article “Placement of X-ray equipment in a dental clinic”).

It is allowed to operate X-ray rooms in clinics built into residential buildings if the vertically and horizontally adjacent rooms are not residential. It is also allowed to place X-ray rooms in an extension to a residential building, as well as in the basement, if the entrance to the X-ray department (room) is separate from the entrance to the residential building.

As stated in clause 3.3 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, an X-ray department serving only a hospital or only a clinic should be located in the end parts of the building. In this case, the department should not be a walk-through. Entrances to the X-ray department for inpatient and outpatient department patients are separate.

Important: by virtue of clause 3.4 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, it is not allowed:

• Place X-ray rooms under rooms where water can leak through the ceiling (swimming pools, showers, restrooms, etc.);
• Place the X-ray treatment room adjacent to the wards for pregnant women and children.

According to clause 2 of Appendix 7 to SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, the selection of premises included in the X-ray room (department) is carried out by the administration of the medical institution together with the X-ray and radiological department (RRO) (or another organization similar in function to the RRO) of the region and is consistent with institution of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance. In this case, in relation to individual rooms of the X-ray room, the medical organization must comply with the special requirements established by SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03. However, in practice, such coordination of the selected premises with Rospotrebnadzor no longer exists and applications for approval of the placement of the X-ray room are no longer submitted.

A treatment room is a specially equipped room in an X-ray room in which an X-ray emitter is located and X-ray examinations or radiotherapy are carried out.

According to clause 3.11 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, the height of the X-ray treatment room must ensure the functioning of technical equipment, for example, ceiling mounting of an X-ray emitter, tripod, television monitor, shadowless lamp, etc. X-ray equipment with a ceiling suspension of the emitter, screen-imaging device or X-ray image intensifier requires a room height of at least 3 m (2.6 meters according to newer SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10). The height of the X-ray treatment room in the case of rotational irradiation must be at least 3 m. The width of the doorway in the X-ray diagnostic room, RCT room and cath lab must be at least 1.2 m with a height of 2.0 m, the size of other doorways is 0.9 ×1.8 m.

Requirements for the treatment room area, including depending on the X-ray machine, are given in Tables 1, 2 and 3 above. At the same time, as stated in clause 3.9, the area of ​​the procedural room can be adjusted in agreement with the body exercising federal sanitary and epidemiological supervision, taking into account the following requirements:

• The distance from the personnel workplace behind a small protective screen to the walls of the room is at least 1.5 m;
• The distance from the personnel workplace behind a large protective screen to the walls of the room is at least 0.6 m;
• The distance from the rotating tripod table or from the imaging table to the walls of the room is at least 1.0 m;
• The distance from the photo stand to the nearest wall is at least 0.1 m;
• The distance from the X-ray tube to the viewing window is at least 2 m (for mammography and dental devices - at least 1 m);
• The technological passage for personnel between elements of stationary equipment is at least 0.8 m;
• The area where the gurney is placed for the patient is at least 1.5x2 m;
• Additional space for the technological need to bring a gurney into the treatment room is 6 m2.

In accordance with clause 3.30 of SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03, in the treatment room, in addition to the procedure room for fluorography and the X-ray operating room, a sink with a supply of cold and hot water is provided. In a procedural room designed for urological studies, a viduar should be installed.

In the treatment room for the study of children, the presence of toys (washed in a soap and soda solution and disinfected) and distracting design is allowed.

Important: It is not allowed to place equipment in the treatment room that is not included in the project, as well as to carry out work that is not related to x-ray examinations.

Follow us

Relevance of the issue

Medicine has many modern diagnostic methods. However, this does not detract from the value of the X-ray examination. X-ray methods make it possible to study the structure and functions of organs and systems, as well as diagnose diseases. They have proven their value in gynecological, urological, oncological and surgical practice.

The examination is carried out in a specially equipped room. High demands are placed on him. They are approved in Appendix No. 12 to the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 149n dated December 7, 2011 and SanPiN 2.6.1.1192-03 “ Hygienic requirements to the construction and operation of X-ray rooms, devices and the conduct of X-ray examinations.”

Where to open an office

It is recommended to open it on the basis of a medical institution. The Ministry of Health prohibits placing it in residential complexes, child care institutions, as well as under premises with high level humidity - swimming pools, baths, etc.

You can place an office in a clinic, which is located in a residential building. But in this case, it is necessary to equip a separate entrance, not to combine the office with living quarters and extensions to them, and also to locate it on the ground floors.

If the office operates on the basis of a medical institution, it should not be located near wards where pregnant women or newborns are lying.

Staff units

The X-ray room has at least 2 employees - a doctor and an X-ray technician.

The radiologist conducts the examination, makes conclusions on the examinations, monitors and is responsible for the serviceability of the equipment, and also advises doctors on how to prepare patients for the examination.

The X-ray technician prepares contrast agents and patients for the procedure, performs radiographs, tomograms and photo processing, takes part in fluoroscopy, monitors the radiation dose, and maintains documentation.

Premises requirements

Several rooms are allocated for the office: a treatment room, a control room (control room), and a darkroom. Ideally, equip a separate room for storing film archives.

Usually, workplace The radiologist is equipped in the control room or separately.

SanPin sets requirements for each of the rooms in the office:

• Minimum area. In the treatment room - at least 16 square meters. m, width - 3.5 m; in the control room - at least 6 sq. m;
• Ceiling height- minimum 3 m;
• Floor. Made from electrical insulating materials. The X-ray machine must stand on a concrete base 1x1 m and a thickness of 1 m 20 cm to 1 m 50 cm. The edges of the base are covered with linoleum. The floor and base levels must be the same;
• Net. Single-phase 220 V. It is necessary to have a neutral and an autonomous grounding that is not connected to it;
• Distance from concrete base to the power supply - maximum 3.5 m;
• Sockets. They are installed near the workstations of each employee in the control room. European standard sockets (220V, 10A).

The laboratory assistant's workplace is positioned so that he can see the patient through the viewing window while the image is being taken.

If the office is open in a hospital, it is necessary to allocate additional area 6 sq. m for transporting patients on a gurney.

Safety and Security Issues

X-ray rooms belong to the 4th class of radiation hazard. Therefore, SanPiN imposes strict requirements for radiation protection of people and the environment.

For this purpose the floor, windows, doors, walls, ceiling treatment room finished with X-ray protective materials - barite plaster, gypsum panels, leaded materials (for example, glass and metal sheets for windows and doors).

Treatment room equipment

The main equipment that is installed in the treatment room: mobile and stationary X-ray units, orthopantomograph or dental apparatus. If necessary, a digital radiovisiograph is installed.

If there are 2 devices installed in the office, you need to prevent them from being turned on at the same time. For this purpose, a special blocker is installed.

Important! X-ray installations must be placed so as to direct the main radiation to the main wall.

If the office does not have a separate room for a control room, then the control panel can be placed in the treatment room, enclosing it with a protective screen.

The office requires a supply and exhaust ventilation system.

The door to the treatment room is locked from the inside and is equipped with a patient warning light from the outside.

Additional equipment

Must have:

• Facilities personal protection - aprons, gloves, aprons, skirts, collars made of leaded rubber, glasses and plates;
• Dosimeters-radiometers. They need to be periodically checked for the radiation dose that the worker may have received;
• Furniture: screw chair, child seat with clamps;
• Consumables: scissors, containers for disinfection.

Masks, examination gloves, paper and sanitary napkins and towels, and dressings may also be required.

Darkroom equipment

List of necessary things equipment: a developing machine or installation for manual film processing, flashlights for developing, negatoscopes, a darkroom clock with a timer, a set of cassettes.

From furniture cabinets for storing film and drying it, consumables: film, barium, photo reagents are needed.

It is imperative to provide the photo laboratory with supply and exhaust ventilation and water supply.

Equipping a doctor's workplace

It is equipped either in a control room or in an autonomous room.

List of necessary devices: fluoroscope, X-ray viewer, intercom (through which the doctor gives commands to the patient while taking the picture), video device or viewing window for monitoring the patient.

Necessary furniture: workplaces for doctors and laboratory assistants - tables, chairs, as well as cabinets for documentation, reagents, medical clothing, medicines, a cabinet for drying film.