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Ice and snow are freezing in the freezer. Safe ice thickness for humans and winter crossings How long does it take for ice to freeze in the freezer

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Winter outdoor activities, including snowshoeing, snowmobiling, ice fishing (with or without a vehicle), skiing, ice skating, and playing on ice can be dangerous if you cannot determine whether the ice is strong enough to support load. Exist various ways in order to assess the potential reliability of the ice cover, you can observe the color of the ice and examine its thickness, and also pay attention to external factors, such as temperature, local conditions and features. However, it is impossible to completely eliminate risk during sporting events. If in doubt, do not go on the ice; and even more so, you shouldn’t do this too early or too late out of season.

Steps

    Please note that ice is never completely safe. Weather conditions and subtle or unknown factors can suddenly turn seemingly safe ice into deadly ice. Take all possible precautions to prevent accidents and ensure that rescue measures can be taken immediately if something goes wrong.

    Develop an emergency rescue plan. Tell your friends where you are going. If something unexpected happens while you're exploring ice conditions or having fun, you should have a plan in place that will get you to a safe place where you can get immediate help.

    • Advice for beginners: You should dress very warmly according to the season. Do not neglect water rescue equipment, at least a life jacket, especially if you are testing the ice for strength or going on a trip in a snowmobile. Keep an ice ax with you, which can help you get out if you get caught in a hole. Never go alone, take one or two friends with you. Let your friends know where you and your friends are and when you expect to return home. This is not a case where you can be carefree and act spontaneously.
    • Carry a spare set of warm, dry clothes in a waterproof duffel bag. This way, you can reduce the risk of hypothermia by immediately changing wet clothes. Other useful items in a rescue kit include a blanket, hand and foot warmers, thick socks, extra wool caps, candles and matches. Have all of these things ready in case you engage in any winter sports, such as ice skating. For more information, see the "Things You'll Need" section.

  1. Understand that the strength of ice is determined by a number of factors, not just one. Its reliability can be judged by assessing the combination of the following indicators:

    • Appearance of ice - its color, structure and features
    • Ice thickness – recommended thickness is determined for certain types of activities, which can be read below
    • Temperature maximum over a certain time and during the day
    • Snow cover
    • Depth of water under ice
    • Pond size
    • Chemical composition of water - salty or fresh
    • Weather changes in the area
    • Length of ice cover

  2. Choose places where the ice is regularly tested for strength by the relevant services. Such services may exist at resorts, clubs, national parks or as part of government bodies. They must take measurements at least daily. Ask the employees of these services about the results of the check, this will protect yourself. They usually use high-quality measuring instruments and have access to research, and they also know a lot about ice and are well prepared for emergency situations. You will save yourself from risky testing of ice surface strength and will feel more confident. However, this does not mean that you can forget about precautions.

    Talk to the locals. If you are a newcomer, you should not show any arrogance. Go to the grocery store, fishing store, or sporting goods store and strike up a conversation, or stop by the police station or fire station and ask about dangerous and safe places in the area. It is better for them to help you now than to help you out of trouble later.

  3. Inspect the ice. Take a closer look to see if there are any cracks, breaks, suspicious places or uneven surfaces, and determine its color(s). You can only rely on your own vision . This quick glance will help you decide whether to continue your research.

    • In the presence of the following signs you'd better give up any further attempts to get on the ice:
      • Water submerging the ice edge or near it
      • Springs flowing under the ice in ponds and lakes fed by springs.
      • The presence of a source or tributary of an ice-covered body of water
      • Cracks, faults or holes
      • Ice that apparently thawed and then froze again
      • Uneven surfaces you haven't noticed before - such as ridges of ice caused by currents or winds
    • Remember this song: "Thick and blue, tried and true; thin and fragile - the path is too risky."

  4. You need to understand the meaning of a particular color of ice. But although this is very useful indicator, you should not rely only on color. For example, ice of any color that is exposed to flowing water from below will be more brittle than ice that is not so exposed. Typically, based on the color spectrum of ice, you can draw the following conclusions:

    • Light gray to black is melted ice that sometimes forms even when the air temperature is below 32°F (0°C). Unsafe: Due to insufficient density, it cannot support the load - stay away.
    • White to dull, opaque, water-soaked snow freezes on top of the ice, forming another thin layer of ice on top. This ice is too porous and may have air pockets inside it, so it is often brittle.
    • Blue to clear – ice high density, very durable, the safest, if, of course, it is thick enough. Don't risk it if it's less than 4 inches (10 cm) thick.
    • Motley and loose ice, also called “rotten” - not so much because of its color, but because of its structure. This is melted ice. It is treacherously deceptive - it is very possible that it has melted in the middle or at the bottom, although it seems thick on top. It is most often found in the spring and may have a brownish tint due to plant pigments, dirt, and other natural materials rising to the surface during a thaw. You won't take a single step.

  5. Check the thickness of the ice. If you have already completed the inspection and it seems to you that everything is in order, you need to make sure of this by examining the thickness of the ice.

    • Conduct research in the presence of at least one friend (mutual assistance system). Wear a survival suit or other life-saving device and use ropes so that your friend can pull you out if necessary.
    • Only go out on the ice if the ice edge is strong enough. If it is loose or cracked, for your own safety it is not worth continuing, because the coastal ice edge is the most fragile.
    • To measure the thickness of the ice, make a small hole with a hatchet or use a hand auger.
    • Study the safe ice thickness indicators. There are recommended criteria that you need to keep in mind for any activity you undertake on the ice. (Keep in mind that their compliance recommended, but does not in itself guarantee your safety.) Ice becomes “safe” at approximately 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) thick. Don't even think about going out on ice that is 3 inches (7.5 cm) thick or less. However, even with a thickness of 9 - 10 inches (22.5 - 25 cm), the ice can harbor hidden threats, such as fast currents that tirelessly erode the ice from below. In this case, even thick ice can crack at any moment.
    • Under normal conditions, the rules for safe ice thickness are as follows:
      • 3 inches (7 cm) (young ice) - "KEEP AWAY
      • 4" (10 cm) - Suitable for ice fishing, ski touring and hiking (supports approximately 200 lbs (80 kg) weight)
      • 5" (12 cm) - Suitable for single snowmobiles and snowmobiles (supports approximately 800 lbs (320 kg))
      • 8 - 12 inches (20 - 30 cm) - supports a single vehicle or group of people (approximately 1500 - 2000 lbs (600-800kg))
      • 12 - 15 inches (30 - 38 cm) - withstands lung weight pickup truck or van
    • These norms are considered generally accepted.

  6. Keep in mind that ice thickness is not the same everywhere, even on the same body of water. The reliability of the ice coating is determined not only by color and thickness, but also by a number of other indicators. Consider also:

    • The nature of the body of water: is it a pond, lake or river, and is there a noticeable current under the ice? Does the body of water have tributaries or a source? This may be a cause for concern.
    • Composition of water: is it salty or fresh? Sea ice is usually less durable and, given the same thickness, may not support the same weight as freshwater ice. To get more detailed information For exact criteria see external links below.
    • Temperature maximum and time of year: the temperature is constantly changing. Consider the microclimate in the area. Winter ice is much stronger than spring ice; the latter quickly melts and thins out under the rays of the sun.
    • Size and depth of the reservoir: freeze-up on large bodies of water takes much longer than on small ones.
    • Availability of snow cover: snow is a natural heat insulator; Under snow, the ice is usually thinner and less durable.
    • Weight Size: How much pressure are you putting on the ice? Should it only support you or your vehicle as well? A human body and a snowmobile with the same body on it have very different weight distribution parameters.

  7. If you have even the slightest doubt, find an alternative. Skating enthusiasts can always use the ice skating rink or the controlled part of the lake; Skiers and snowmobile drivers may be advised to stick to inland roads; It is also better for pedestrians to avoid the ice. Either way, they all need to carry a survival kit no matter where they plan to go or how long they plan to be on the road.

    Hints

    • Remember that well-worn ice roads and crossings do not make the ice stronger. Routes should be changed regularly.
    • If you NEED to cross a body of water on ice, The best way to do this, get down on all fours and move, spreading your arms and legs wide. Try to move like a lizard, distributing your body weight evenly. Take a long board or pole with you - great idea. If the ice starts to crack - and you sometimes get a second warning - place the pole on the ice and use it to distribute your weight over a larger area.
    • When traveling, treat other people responsibly. If you are a leader (at a school or sports camp, etc.), make sure that your students do not leave the territory you have designated and immediately return them back. Ensure that sufficient warning signs are installed so that skaters, etc., cannot make an irreparable mistake and go beyond the limits. safe zone. It is also necessary that someone trained in first aid be present nearby. medical care man with rescue kit.
    • Dog sleds on ice are a little safer because dogs can sense cracks forming. Still, don't do anything risky and be just as prepared for accidents as you would be for others. winter species sports
    • If you should ride thin ice(literally), make sure the water is shallow (ie 2 - 3 feet (60 - 90cm)). If you fall through, you will get wet and freeze, but you will be able to get ashore, despite the unpleasant sensations. Of course, this is unacceptable for children.
    • It is safer for two people to cross unreliable ice on opposite sides of a canoe being pushed on the ice. Don't forget the oars. You may need them on crossings.

    Warnings

    • This article applies to people living in cold climates such as Canada, the northern United States, and Russia. If your country or area does not have regular winter conditions, keep in mind that the ice will be unsafe at any time of the year and do not even think about doing any of the above without the advice of professionals, preferably local government agencies authorized to give such recommendations.
    • Never drink alcohol while participating in winter sports - wait until you return to your accommodation or country house. Alcohol can cause errors when operating a snowmobile, increase reaction time, and impair the ability to act quickly in an emergency. Alcohol does not help fight the cold; it actually increases heat loss and can lead to hypothermia.
    • Never go on the ice unless it has been checked by professionals and found to be safe. But even when this condition is met, drivers sometimes fall through the ice. If you must drive, be alert - don't speed, roll down your windows (turn the heater up high if it makes you uncomfortable) and unfasten your seat belts.
      • Make sure you know how to get out of a sinking car and you have discussed rescue procedures with all passengers.
      • Drive slowly on ice, especially when approaching the shore. Why? The weight of the vehicle - be it a snowmobile, car or truck - presses down on the ice from above. As you advance, this causes a small but sensitive wave vibration that spreads across the ice in front of you. This wave may bounce off the shore as you approach. Depending on your weight and speed, this could cause an ice break.
      • Do not take children on trips on ice roads unless you simply have no other means of providing the necessary emergency care. You won't have time to think about them when you get out of your sinking car.
    • Snowmobile drivers should not drive on high speed– if they don’t see what’s ahead, they’ll most likely end up in a hole because they won’t be able to brake in time. Moreover, on slippery ice it may simply be impossible to quickly drive around a suddenly appeared wormwood. It is more likely that you will get into a skid, as a result of which you will end up in the water. Better stay on the shore.
    • Never skate, play or travel on ice, on foot, on skis or in a snowmobile, at night. You won't be able to see anything if an accident occurs and you probably won't get help.
    • Don't assume that a sudden cold snap makes the ice safer. In fact, in this case the ice becomes brittle and brittle even sooner than during a brief thaw. Always check.
    • Just because the ice in the area you surveyed seems safe does not mean that it will be so somewhere else in the same body of water. If you are going to go beyond the area you have explored, you must again conduct a check or define the boundaries of the safety zone.
    • When driving on a ski or snowmobile trail, do not use ice-covered streams, rivers, ponds or lakes as shortcuts unless they are recognized as such by local authorities and surveyed daily. People often take shortcuts at the end of the day, when athletes are tired and want to get home quickly and it is getting dark; Mostly at this time accidents happen, simply because you are tired. In addition, the influence of daytime heat is felt towards the end of the day, when the ice becomes least strong.

Instructions

The rate of freezing of water depends, firstly, on the heat exchange surface area, and secondly, on the thickness of the water layer: the thicker it is, the slower the entire volume of water will freeze (and vice versa). Therefore, pour water into containers such that the cooling surface is large enough and the thickness of the water layer is small. You can use, for example, ice cubes - plastic substrates with small and shallow containers, which are produced specifically for this purpose - edible ice V . Place this container of water in the freezer. Ice forms much faster than if exactly the same amount of water were poured into plastic cup, For example.

In addition, you can speed up the freezing of water as follows. When its temperature is already close to 0, throw one or two grains of table salt into each container. It would seem that it is known that water freezes at a lower temperature than fresh water. But this paradox is only apparent: the mass of salt will be so insignificant that the water will actually remain fresh, and the grains will serve as a kind of initiator of crystallization.

If you have a long, thin test tube type container (metal only), you can make ice very quickly using liquid nitrogen. Lower this container of water (using a long clamp or wire) into the Dewar flask, of course, not completely, so that the liquid nitrogen does not flood it. After a while, take it out. As soon as the walls of the container heat up, the ice can be easily removed.

The property of some can be used to quickly freeze water chemical substances dissolve, absorb a large number of heat. For example, there is such a substance - ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate). It is widely used in agriculture How nitrogen fertilizer. If the ice you want is for non-food purposes, add ammonium nitrate directly to a container of cooled water and dissolve while stirring. Then put the container back in the freezer. Ice forms within minutes.

note

Observe all safety precautions when working with liquid nitrogen. When working with ammonium nitrate, do not forget that it is poisonous substance. Under no circumstances should such ice be used to add to drinks.

Water is the source of life. The state of health, energy and general well-being depends on the quality of water that enters the human body. Melt water has many useful properties and is most suitable for preserving beauty, health, and youth. Melt water molecules are most suitable for cells human body. Melt water restores immunity, helps reduce excess weight, increasing attention, helps restore the body after long-term illnesses, rejuvenates the entire body as a whole. You can list the healing properties of melt water for a long time, but in order to truly get healing water, you need to freeze it properly first. How's the water?

Instructions

Pour water into any food container. The main thing is that it is not made of iron. You don't need to pour to the top. Your hand should fit into the container.

The remaining ice will be the most healing part of the water. Without impurities, without harmful substances.

Defrost the water gradually, room temperature, far from heating devices, frozen water in any other way has nothing to do with healing properties does not have.

Sources:

  • frozen water in 2018

Frozen water has structural features that distinguish it from plain water. Arranging molecules in a certain order gives the product the ability to treat a wide range of diseases that even official medicine cannot cope with.

You will need

  • - Plastic container;
  • - Water filter;
  • - Water;
  • - Freezer.

Instructions

To prepare frozen water, stock up plastic containers sufficient volume. It is recommended to drink at least 3 glasses of thawed water daily. Frozen water must first be cleared of impurities: sand. Use carbon filter by passing liquid through it.

Pour the water into prepared containers and place in the freezer. The temperature should be -18 degrees. You need to keep the water in the freezer for 8-10 hours. Therefore, it is better to freeze the liquid before going to bed. After removing the containers from the freezer, pour boiling water over the bottom. Then, pierce the crust of ice with a sharp object and drain the water that has not yet frozen from the inside of the container. This is necessary, since the remaining unfrozen liquid contains harmful impurities.

Depending on the method of freezing food, ice may be an accompaniment of food storage in the chamber or indicate a violation. During manual defrosting, the evaporator is located in the chamber. Naturally, condensation settles on cold surfaces in freezer, forming ice. If No Frost is used, the condensate is discharged outside the chamber.

The chamber with manual defrosting is a cabinet with double body, foamed with polyurethane. Inner chamber has structures made like stands for boxes or trays made of thin aluminum sheet. Evaporator tubes are connected to each shelf below.

Products are placed in drawers or behind the doors. During freezing, water is released and settles on the tubes, which is why ice freezes under the drawers in the freezer. Therefore, it is dangerous to allow a large layer - it is difficult to remove products, and you can accidentally damage the tube.

Ice formation in the freezer compartment under the shelves is a natural physical process. But ice is an insulator and impairs heat transfer. The larger the snow build-up in the chamber, the longer the compressor cycle, and the more energy is spent on freezing food.

Why does ice form on the freezer door?

It happens in Emergency Signal indicates a violation of the regime in the freezer - the door is not tightly closed or the seal has come off. Ice freezing is accelerating. Now it is loose, reminiscent of snow, wraps the lids of containers, and settles on the door. The cold passes through such a fur coat with difficulty, the compressor runs non-stop.

The reason for the accelerated freezing of ice in the freezer is the continuous supply of fresh air. The warm agent contains a lot of equilibrium moisture, which precipitates on cold surfaces. But frost frozen on the door widens the existing gap, increasing icing. A warm refrigerant circuit runs around the doorway in the foamed part. The ice melts, leaks under the bottom drawer, and ice forms on the bottom of the freezer.

If the freezer has electronic control, the regulator will stop distributing cold into the open circuit, and the products will begin to thaw.

Why does ice freeze in the freezer below?

It happens that food in the freezer thaws due to lack of or low voltage in the network. If the refrigerator turns on on its own after being idle, the resulting puddle may go unnoticed and freeze, creating ice under the freezer.

With the maximum freezing mode, when the door is opened, the frost melts and flows down in drops, where it freezes. You need to maintain an average temperature - less frost, economical energy consumption. By following the manufacturer's recommendations, you can ensure that ice does not accumulate at the bottom of the freezer.

Ice at the bottom of the No Frost freezer

If the freezer uses a convective method of transferring cold from the evaporator to the food, there should be no frost inside. The evaporator is located behind the panel in the cooling compartment, there is also a fan, a defrosting heating element and a hole for removing condensate from the circuit.

What happens is that the hole becomes clogged, the drainage hose freezes, sticks together, and water accumulates in the chamber with the evaporator, freezes in a lump, seeps into the working chamber, forming ice in the freezer. Soon, No Frost will become inoperable due to accumulated ice and a frozen fan. Sometimes the drops from behind the panel take a long time to roll down, and blocks of ice freeze directly in the trays in the freezer.

If the panels are cold, No Frost will freeze on the walls of the freezer thin layer ice. Gradually it will melt and drip onto the tray. What to do if ice freezes in the box? Turn off the refrigerator or freezer compressor, defrost the system and look for a malfunction.

Ice forms in the freezer compartment of a Samsung refrigerator

Many users of modern two-chamber refrigerators Samsung complains on the forums that with No Frost you have to defrost the refrigerator often. The evaporator constantly freezes and the fan stops. First, the water drains downwards, which is why ice forms at the bottom of the No Frost freezer. Then the defrost continues to work, but ice accumulates below, covering the evaporator. The reason for the formation of ice in the Samsung freezer is known to experts.

The air labyrinths behind the panels completely freeze. It is necessary to defrost the device for 2 days and start it again. If it doesn’t help, defrost it again and clean the drainage behind the panel. At the same time, you need to make sure that the drain hole is located above the condensate tray and that the hose is not stuck together. Freezing of the drainage tube is the main reason for the appearance of ice in the freezer compartment of a Samsung refrigerator.

Video

We offer a video lesson on the topic.

Ice in the freezer