Aerated concrete blocks Bikton D400, D500, D600: dimensions, characteristics, price, photos. Aerated concrete blocks (aerated concrete) - technical characteristics of aerated concrete blocks Consultation of qualified specialists

Aerated concrete construction is popular and, nevertheless, talk about the quality of aerated concrete blocks and the prospects for long-term operation has not subsided so far. You can find fault with any building material, but as they say, a bad dancer ...

Most of the problems are contrived or related to misapplication. An objective analysis of the characteristics and properties of the material will become a guide on how to choose the right aerated concrete.

Aerated concrete - what is it?

Aerated concrete (aerated concrete blocks) is the most discussed of modern wall materials. It is a type of lightweight cellular concrete. In its structure, it resembles a concrete "sponge", since the entire volume of the block consists of cells (bubbles with a diameter of 1-3 mm). As a result, it is light in weight big size, easy to cut and retains heat well (subject to external decoration, for example,).

To understand what an aerated concrete block is, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of its manufacture.

Aerated concrete production technology

First, a mixture of components is prepared, which includes Portland cement, fine sand (quartz), water, lime and a blowing agent (most often, it is a suspension of aluminum). Then the mixture is placed in a container, where the swelling process takes place, as a result of which voids appear inside the concrete. These air bubbles give the aerated concrete its properties. The cured block is removed from the mold and cut to size. Thus, gas blocks of a given shape are obtained.

There are two methods for the production of aerated concrete blocks:

1. autoclave;
2. non-autoclave.

To give strength to aerated concrete, the blocks are doused with water vapor in an autoclave and placed until completely dry in drying chambers. This is how autoclaved aerated concrete is obtained. After such processing, the blocks have more constant characteristics.

Non-autoclaved aerated concrete is cheaper. Produced by moistening and drying in natural conditions.

By the way, the formation of gas blocks from an already solidified mass is the key difference between aerated concrete and foam concrete. The same fact causes the most fierce disputes among consumers, because the pores of the material, with this method of processing, remain open. We give a test for the aptitude of aerated concrete below.

Manufacturers of aerated concrete blocks

According to reviews, the best companies producing gas blocks:

Bonolit (Bonolit, Staraya Kupavna), Gras (Maloyaroslavets), Ytong (Itong - trademark companies Xella (Germany), Poritep (St. Nizhny Novgorod), El-Block (Kolomna), H + H (X + X RUS LLC), GAZOBETON LLC (Ivanovo), Aerok-SPb Plant (St. Petersburg), EuroAeroBeton ( Slantsy).

As you can see, mostly domestic producers. In addition to handicraft mini-factories, there are several dozen more eminent manufacturers on the market.

Aerated concrete blocks - pros and cons

What are the advantages of aerated concrete and what are the disadvantages.

Advantages:

• light weight. Gas block D500 with standard dimensions 300x250x600 mm weighs 30 kg. For comparison, the same volume of bricks (and this is 22 pieces with dimensions of 60x125x250) weighs 100 kg. That is, the speed of work increases, and the requirements for the foundation are reduced;

• ease of processing. The material can be easily cut hand saw with victorious soldering;

• fire resistance. Limit of resistance to direct impact fire is 4-7 hours (depending on brand and thickness);

• affordable cost.

Supporters and opponents give different arguments (active discussion on forums, reviews), while referring to experience, personal use And advertising booklets. We propose to deal with the main statements about aerated concrete in order to be confident in your choice:

Aerated concrete safety - dangerous to health or not?

The radioactive background index is 54 Bq/g, while the allowable norm in housing construction is 370 Bq/g. According to GOST 30108-94* “Construction materials and products. Definition of specific effective activity natural radionuclides". In accordance with GOST:

Hygroscopicity of aerated concrete - absorbs water or not?

The ability to absorb moisture is easier to demonstrate with an example. One of the users carried out an aerated concrete absorbency test. A cube measuring 95x80x95 mm, weighing 592 gr. and a density of 800 kg / m.cub. placed in a container of water. The prototype was completely submerged in water after 12 hours. After 18 hours from the moment of immersion, the cube already weighed 277 grams. more. Those. he gained 47% of the water of his mass. Obviously, its density has increased. Consequently, the load on the foundation will also increase. At the same time, the cube changed color. After extraction, the original properties returned to the experimental sample after 8 days.

This example illustrates that aerated concrete is extremely hygroscopic, which means it needs a mandatory exterior finish. In addition to pressure on the foundation, the water in the block can freeze and open up part of the aerated concrete masonry.

The fragility of aerated concrete - crumbles or not?

Yes, it crumbles. But, this shortcoming is easily eliminated by additional reinforcement of the structure, which is produced directly in the construction process. In addition, an increase in the density of the block entails an increase in its strength and thermal conductivity, as shown in the figure.

Chemical aggressiveness

Aerated concrete contains lime, which can cause oxidation and corrosion of the reinforcing metal. The way out is to protect the metal or use polymer bonds.

Shrinkage cracking

The porous structure of aerated concrete causes cracks to appear. Cracks can be leveled at the stage of selecting and pouring the foundation or eliminated by external finishing of the building.

As you can see, despite the statements of opponents, the shortcomings of aerated concrete as a material for low-rise construction are not so critical and can be easily eliminated. The material was prepared for the site www.site

Aerated concrete blocks - technical specifications

Structuring the main properties

1. Density of aerated concrete

This indicator is indicated in the marking and determines the purpose of the block:

• structural gas blocks - D1000-1200, have a density of 1000 to 1200 kg / m3;

• structural and heat-insulating blocks - D500-900, have a density of 500-900 kg / m3;

• heat-insulating D300-D500, the density of their materials is 300-500 kg / m.

Blocks of different density are easy to distinguish from each other visually.

Aerated concrete grades

The best option for low-rise construction is the use of aerated concrete grades D500 and D600.

Aerated concrete blocks D600

D600 brand is used in construction bearing walls Houses. It is also recommended for use in the construction of ventilated facades, which are well attached to blocks of this density. Gas blocks D600 are durable in 2.5-4.5 MPa and have a thermal conductivity index of 0.14-0.15 W / (m ° C)

Aerated concrete blocks D500

Brand D500 is the most popular aerated concrete in low-rise (up to 3 floors) construction. Its parameters are 2-3 MPa (strength) and 0.12-0.13 W / (m ° C) (thermal conductivity).

More detailed characteristics of these brands are given in the table. When building a house above three floors, aerated concrete with a marking above D600 should be preferred and the walls should be additionally insulated.

Note. The ability of aerated concrete to retain heat decreases as it gets wet.

Based on the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, we can conclude that aerated concrete with a density grade of D500 is warmer than D600 by 15-17%.

Aerated concrete blocks D400

The D400 brand is also popular in private construction. Such blocks are used for thermal insulation of openings. With high strength, it has great heat-insulating properties. These indicators are in the range of 1 MPa to 1.5 MPa (strength), 0.10-0.11 W / (m ° C) (thermal conductivity).

Aerated concrete blocks D350

Brand D350 can only be used as a heater. On domestic market this is a fairly rare brand, due to its fragility. Strength is in the range of 0.7-1.0 MPa. But it differs in thermal conductivity, which is 0.08-0.09 W / (m ° C).

2. Types and types of aerated concrete blocks

In appearance, there are several configurations of aerated concrete block. The classification is based on the purpose of the block.

Smooth (straight) aerated concrete block with grip for hands

Absolutely smooth rectangular gas block with notches for gripping hands. The grip is comfortable to use, as it allows you to easily move the blocks.

Note. The presence of grip handles increases the consumption of glue, since the technology of laying aerated concrete provides for the filling of all voids in the process.

Plain rectangular shape reduces glue consumption, but creates difficulties in moving the block. In practice, in the construction of load-bearing walls, where larger blocks are used, a block with a grip is preferred.

They are blocks with flat edges. Partition blocks are thinner and lighter in weight. It is convenient to work with them.

Note: On straight blocks, any pattern can be cut with a screwdriver. But such a decor is more applicable in finishing the site with the remains of blocks from construction than in the construction itself, since it is desirable to protect aerated concrete with an external finishing material.

Wall aerated concrete blocks tongue-and-groove

The formation of the tongue-and-groove connection system, according to the complexity of production, refers to the high-tech processing of the block. Therefore, they differ more high cost. However, it is justified because: it increases the speed of work, reduces the consumption of glue (vertical joints do not need to be glued), it becomes possible to eliminate cold bridges in places of vertical joints.

Note. If the house will not be exposed to exterior decoration. It is better to apply a thin layer of glue to the joint with front side masonry. This will provide additional seam insulation.

U-shaped aerated concrete blocks

The purpose of the U-shaped blocks is the installation of hidden building elements (for lintels and monolithic belts). According to technology, the laying of aerated concrete walls provides for mandatory reinforcement, the first and every fourth of the subsequent rows. It is in order to make it convenient to hide the reinforcement that the voids in the blocks are intended U shape. After laying the reinforcing metal, the space must be filled concrete mortar or glue. In this case, you should use more cheap material for filling.

Gas block for reinforcement

This type is used to make formwork along the outer contour of the walls.

Diagonal gas blocks (semicircular)

Depending on the number of defects, aerated concrete blocks are divided into two categories (grades I and II), according to GOST 31360-2007 “Wall products, unreinforced from cellular concrete autoclave. Specifications». Comparative characteristics categories are shown in the table.

Despite the fact that gas blocks of the second category are somewhat cheaper, it is better to purchase a higher quality 1st grade. Blocks of the first category used in the construction of load-bearing walls must be of the same color, without cracks and chips.

4. Dimensions of aerated concrete blocks

The dimensions of aerated concrete are regulated by documents in accordance with the standards:

GOST 31360-2007 “Wall products, unreinforced from autoclaved cellular concrete;

GOST 25485-89 "cellular concrete";

GOST 21520-89 "Small cellular concrete wall blocks";

SN 277-80 "Instructions for the manufacture of products from cellular concrete";

GOST 31359-2007 “Autoclaved cellular concrete. Specifications".

Deviations in the dimensions of gas blocks reduce installation time due to the absence of the need for grinding and fitting.

• Thickness of aerated concrete blocks: 200, 250, 300, 350, 375, 400, 500 mm.

• The thickness of the partition blocks is 100-150 mm.

• Length of aerated concrete blocks: 600, 625 mm.

• Height of aerated concrete blocks: 200, 250, 300 mm.

• Weight of aerated concrete blocks: 14-34 kg.

• In 1 cubic meter from 13 to 33 pcs. (depending on thickness)

• Consumption per 1 sq.m. walls is 6.7-7 pieces.

The exact parameters are shown in the tables below.

Parameters for U-shaped gas blocks

Dimensions of aerated concrete blocks (LxWxH) different manufacturers and number of pieces per pallet

5. Documents

To avoid buying low-quality material, you should ask for all product certificates (compliance, sanitary, fire, fire resistance tests).

6. Packaging of aerated concrete blocks

The integrity of the packaging indicates that the gas block has not taken on water and will meet the requirements for density, weight and moisture content. The increase in thermal conductivity depending on the level of humidity is shown in the graph.

7. The price of aerated concrete blocks

When buying blocks, you need to know what affects the price of gas bene. The most significant factors include:

• place of purchase. The price differs depending on the region. Sometimes even the manufacturer is more expensive than the dealer;

• season. In winter, during the suspension of construction, many materials, incl. and aerated concrete, much cheaper;

• availability and shipping costs. Remember, when delivering an order by its own transport, the seller is responsible for the goods to the place of unloading. In the case of self-pickup, you need to calculate the carrying capacity of the machine and take care of the presence of soft slings that allow you to securely fix the material and prevent damage;

• quantity of purchased material. Here you need to think about how the material purchased by the wholesale lot will be unloaded and stored;

• popularity of the brand under which the product is supplied to the market. Famous brand This is a guarantee of the quality of the purchased goods.

The cost of aerated concrete per cube of market leaders is shown in the table

As you can see, the pricing policy of manufacturers does not differ much (competition affects). Therefore, when ordering, you should focus on the proximity of the place of purchase of aerated concrete to the place of construction of the house. Because a significant part of the savings will be "eaten" by shipping.

Conclusion

A balanced approach to the choice of aerated concrete blocks will eliminate errors that will result in undesirable consequences. Especially when it comes to such a large-scale project as the construction of an aerated concrete house.

Aerated concrete blocks- These are popular building materials that have their own advantages and disadvantages. If you want to fence yourself off from unnecessary consequences, you should recognize in advance all the qualities of aerated concrete blocks.

It is this material that is used in the construction of load-bearing structures, the strength of which will become the foundations for their own housing.

What does it consist of

Aerated concrete is honeycomb blocks, which are obtained by autoclave curing. Used as a raw material quartz sand, cement, water, lime, aluminum powder. All presented ingredients are placed in an autoclave.

• Ease of processing. For the presented material, this quality can be attributed to undeniable advantages. Such a product can be special efforts saw and cut hand tools, thanks to which you will receive standard and custom sizes. In a dry state, such products will have a thermal conductivity coefficient of W / m ° C.

You can find out what is the thickness of the bearing wall of aerated concrete by reading the article.

• Thermal insulation indicators. Aerated concrete blocks D500 and D600 are characterized by structural thermal insulation properties. Such a product has a low thermal conductivity. Thanks to this, it is possible to achieve reliable thermal protection during frosts. IN summer time a house built of aerated concrete does not overheat. It keeps in itself all the normal conditions for living.

The main difference between foam concrete and aerated concrete, as well as which material is more reliable can be found from this

• Sound insulation indicators. Aerated concrete blocks have the ability to dampen extraneous sounds. The degree of sound insulation depends on the brand of the product, the density of the aerated concrete solution and the thickness of the walls. Also, this indicator is influenced by the technology of laying materials.
• Material fire resistance. Aerated concrete is non-combustible material the highest class of fire resistance. Buildings, which are protective and bearing structures built from such blocks, belong to the highest degrees of fire safety.
• Environmental friendliness. Each brand of blocks is characterized by such quality as environmental friendliness. To determine this indicator, a series of tests are carried out, during which it is possible to obtain the designation of the qualification coefficient. The level of radioactivity of aerated concrete blocks is much lower than all allowable norms. During the use of the presented material, no toxic components are released. In terms of environmental friendliness, such material is not inferior to natural products.

About how much it dries cement strainer floors can be found in this one, since repairs and the use of aerated concrete are always associated with pouring the foundation.

• Lightness of the material. A standard product is characterized by such 625x100x250 mm, and its weight is 8 kg, and average density 500 kg/m3. Thanks to this mass, it is possible to reduce the consumption of mortar and construction time.
• Opposition to biological influence. Aerated concrete blocks are products that serve as an unfavorable environment for the development various bacteria and microbes. Even under conditions such as a temperature of 30 degrees and a humidity of 98% will not affect the development of harmful microorganisms. In this regard, aerated concrete is superior to wood, in addition, it is not necessary to treat with antiseptics.

Find out which one is best for you in this article.

On video - specifications aerated concrete blocks:

How to make and what it consists of is described in this article.

Flaws

These were all the advantages of aerated concrete, and now it is worth considering the disadvantages:

1. fragility. Due to the low compressive strength and low flexural strength, this material is considered brittle. Strength indicators aerated concrete walls directly depends on a well-equipped foundation. The construction of the foundation is a mandatory activity, thanks to which it is possible to obtain minimal shrinkage. If this is not done, then the gas blocks will crack, and after a few years the entire building will begin to collapse. In this case, you need to take care of the tape monolithic foundation and block reinforcement.
2. High level of water absorption material serves as an obstacle to the implementation of high-quality finishing measures. There are cases when the layer of plaster will not be firmly fixed on the surface. To reduce the level of water absorption, it is necessary to treat the walls with primers.
3. - this is a weak base for fasteners. It is very difficult to fix massive objects in such a wall. Here you should always use plastic butterfly dowels. These fasteners, in comparison with self-tapping screws, are perfectly fixed on the surface. However, in this case, there is a risk that they will be affected by corrosion, as a result of which they will become unusable. However, you can find fasteners that stick to the surface quite well.
4. Low frost resistance. To ensure all necessary conditions it is necessary to use the product D500. Such a block is characterized by frost resistance indicators that do not exceed 25 cycles. However, for facade cladding 50 cycles are needed. Many implementers of such material deliberately exceed these figures, which are typical for products with a higher density.
5. Aerated concrete has increased rates of free lime, resulting in the activation of corrosion processes of metal inclusions.
6. The low cost of the material, declared by the manufacturers, with indicators of durability is a little exaggerated.
7. Lifetime aerated concrete also raises certain doubts. This is achieved due to the fact that mass building on the use of gas silicate blocks began relatively recently, so it has not yet been possible to verify their durability.

Gas silicate blocks D500 are designed for load-bearing walls up to three floors high and do not require additional insulation.

The optimal combination of thermal insulation and mechanical parameters made this brand of gas silicate the main one in cottage construction, allowing them to be used both as wall and wall materials.

Trademarks Bonolit, Drauber and El-block, represented by us, are widely known not only in Moscow and the Moscow region, but also far beyond the region, and the price for gas silicate block D500 of these manufacturers will delight you with its loyalty.

Peculiarities

The higher density compared to the D400 provides not only improved performance characteristics walls, but almost completely changes the characteristics of the product. For example, the force required to pull out a dowel is 15% higher for the D500 than for the D400. The same applies to the degree of frost resistance of products. This brand more frost-resistant, but has less thermal insulation properties. The increased density also makes it possible to significantly increase the allowable height of the building and use reinforced concrete floors between floors.

Our online store offers you to buy aerated concrete blocks D500 in Moscow at manufacturer's prices, with delivery from the factory to your construction site. We sincerely look forward to working with you!

Aerated concrete blocks D500

Advantages

• low weight due to significant porosity;
• precise geometry, perfect smooth surface;
• good breathability of the buildings under construction.

Characteristics and application

• fire safety, resistance to ignition sources;
• ecological safety for humans and environment;
• sound and heat insulation ability.