Instructions for labor protection when performing loading and unloading operations. Instructions for labor protection when performing loading and unloading operations, moving heavy loads and transporting goods Safety requirements when carrying loads manually

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work
10. Check the serviceability of protective clothing and equipment personal protection. tools, lifting devices, scaffolding means.
11. Receive the task from the foreman, familiarize yourself with technological maps for loading and unloading operations and warehousing.
12. Familiarize yourself with the order for organizing supervision of the safe performance of work with lifting mechanisms and the appointment of persons responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes and slingers.

3. Labor protection requirements during work
13. Loading and unloading operations for moving cargo weighing up to 30 kg are allowed to be carried out manually, and more than 30 kg and to a height of more than 3 m using mechanisms.
14. Use load-handling devices in strict accordance with the technological maps for the purpose of the load and weight.
15. Lifting piece, long materials should be carried out packed in bundles or bags.
16. Heavy piece materials, as well as boxes with loads should be moved using special crowbars or other devices.
17. Loading and unloading operations with loads that can be rolled (drum with cable, etc.) should be performed mechanized; in exceptional cases, it is permitted using inclined platforms or with loads held by ropes on the opposite side. In this case, workers must be on the side of the load being lifted or lowered.
18. Loading and unloading operations with dusty materials (cement, gypsum, lime, etc.) must be performed mechanized. Work when unloading cement manually is allowed at a temperature not exceeding 40°C, while workers must be provided with special clothing, respirators and dust goggles.
19. When moving compressed gas cylinders, calcium carbide drums, and materials in glass containers It is necessary to take measures against shocks and impacts. It is prohibited to carry or transport oxygen cylinders together with fats and oils, as well as flammable and flammable liquids or materials.
20. When unloading drums with calcium carbide, workers should not use crowbars, shovels or other metal objects.
21. Unloading drums with calcium carbide is allowed only on wooden slings or other safe method. It is prohibited to throw drums from a car or wagon, strike the drum or turn it over, as this may lead to a leak.
22. To move a load weighing more than 80 kg, workers must use small-scale mechanization means - winches, blocks, jacks, as well as load-lifting cranes, beam cranes, hoists and lifting devices corresponding to the weight of the load being lifted. Serviceability lifting mechanisms determined by technical examination before putting them into operation, and then at least once a year.
23. Workers engaged in loading and unloading operations, in addition to the lunch break, are provided with short rest breaks, which are included in the working time. Smoking is allowed only during breaks in designated areas.
24.. All equipment, tools, rigging and carts must be assigned to teams and persons responsible for their good condition and safety.
25. Loading and unloading areas should be graded, cleared and cleared foreign objects. IN winter time, when the sites should be cleared of snow and ice, sprinkled with sand, ash or fine slag.
26. Loading and unloading of toxic substances ( technical alcohols, solvents. antifreeze, arsenic compounds, sulfurous oils, etc.) capable of forming explosive mixtures should be produced in specially designated areas in compliance with safety measures.
27. Cart wheels must be on roller or ball bearings, the rims of which are covered with rubber. Each cart must have a stencil on it indicating maximum load and the mark of the manufacturer or workshop.
28. Bridges or gangways for moving from a car to a warehouse or from a car to a stack must be made of boards with a thickness of at least 60 mm, fastened at the bottom with metal or wooden planks and have a width of at least 1m.
29. The lower ends of the legs should be wedge-shaped and bound with strip steel, and the upper ends should be covered with metal hoops to protect them from splitting.
30. Loads that can be rolled (barrels with drying oil, etc.) must be unloaded using two sleds or an inclined ladder, and on the opposite side they should be held with strong ropes; workers should be behind the load being moved and not allow the load to roll faster than the workers’ pace.
31. If long materials (beams, boards, benches, etc.) are carried on the shoulders by several workers, workers of approximately the same height and strength should be selected. Carry such loads only on the shoulder of the same name and drop them to one side on command.
32 Loading, unloading and moving heavy cargo must be carried out subject to the following conditions:
- in light soil and uneven surface boards, beams or sleepers must be laid along the path of cargo movement.
- use rollers that are strong, smooth, of normal length, the ends should protrude no more than 40 cm.
- to bring the rollers under the load, use crowbars or rack jacks.
- when moving a load down an inclined plane, it is necessary to use arresting devices so that the load does not roll under the influence of its own gravity.
- when moving the load, beware of rollers being pushed out from under the load.
- it is prohibited to take the roller to move it forward before it is freed from under the load.
- rollers should be laid parallel and ensure that they cannot move. It is forbidden to guide the rollers with your feet; they should be corrected with crowbars or knocked out with a sledgehammer.
33. Turn over heavy cargo, it is necessary to bring them under the slings using special crowbars or rack jacks. It is prohibited to use random objects for this purpose.
Standards for carrying heavy loads
34. In the absence of mechanical means, men (over 18 years of age) are allowed to carry loads of no more than 50 kg. If a load weighs 50 kg, it can be carried by one worker at a distance of up to 25 m. If the distance exceeds 25 m, shifts must be established. If the weight of the load is more than 50 kg, the load should be lifted onto the worker’s back and removed with the help of other workers. Lifting cargo and placing it in a stack with a height of more than 3 m manually is not allowed.
35. Extremely permissible norm lifting and moving loads manually on level and horizontal surface per person should not exceed:
*When moving loads on carts or in containers, the applied force should not exceed the maximum permissible load lifting and moving manually in accordance with age.
*Carrying and moving heavy objects by teenagers is allowed in cases where it is directly related to the ongoing work performed professional work and takes no more than 1/3 of working time.
*The distance over which the load is moved manually should not exceed 5 m;
the height of lifting the load from the floor is 1 m, and from work surface 0.5 m (for teenagers and women).
36. Lifting and moving heavy objects manually by women: should not exceed:
- when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) -10 kg.
- constantly during the work shift - 7 kg.
37. When moving goods on carts or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 10 kg.
38. Loading and unloading of goods weighing more than 50 kg, as well as lifting them to a height of more than 3 m must be mechanized. In exceptional cases, materials can be carried on a stretcher over a distance of no more than 50 m on a level path. Carrying materials on a stretcher along stairs and stepladders is prohibited.
Safety measures when stacking cargo 39. Loads stacked at a height of 1.2 m must be no closer than 2 m from the head of the outer rail, and when high altitude no more than 2.5 m.
40. When stowing cargo, passages and passages of the required width should be left: passage depending on vehicles and loading and unloading mechanisms, and passages providing normal conditions labor, at least 1 m wide.
41. Before stacking products and other materials, it is necessary to inspect the stacking area and, if necessary, clean and level it. The load should be lowered smoothly, carefully, without touching nearby loads. If the stack is not stacked correctly, it may fall apart during disassembly.
42. It is prohibited to store materials and equipment closer than 1 m from the edge of the excavation and trench. Leaning (leaning) materials and products against fences and elements of temporary and permanent structures is not allowed.
43. Loads in bags and sacks should be placed in a bandage. In this case, the goods must be in intact and serviceable containers.
44. Multi-tiered stacking of bulky cargo is prohibited irregular shape, as well as goods in fragile containers that cannot withstand the load upper tiers. The height of cargo stacking is allowed no more than 3 m.
45. Dust-like materials should be stored in closed containers, taking precautions against spraying during loading and unloading. Loading openings should be closed with protective grilles, and hatches with shutters.
46. ​​Bunkers and other containers with a depth of more than 2 m for storing bulk and dusty materials must have a device to prevent the formation of arches and freezing or to force them to collapse.
47. Materials containing harmful or explosive solvents must be stored in hermetically sealed containers.
48. Stacks of sand, gravel, crushed stone and others bulk materials must have a slope with a steepness corresponding to the angle natural slope for this type of material or be fenced with strong retaining walls.
49. You must not enter the danger zone and unload materials into places located under the formwork or under a single working scaffolding deck, above which there is this moment carry out other construction work.
50. When working on stacks more than 1.5 m high, portable stepladders, gangways and bridges must be used to move from one stack to another. If the length of gangways or bridges is more than 3 m, it is necessary to place trestles under them
51. Storage of materials.

Materials, products, instruments and equipment when stored in warehouses and construction sites must be stacked in the following manner:
Bricks in cages of 250 pcs. to a height of 25 rows on a flat surface.
Bricks in bags in bags on pallets - no more than 2 tiers, in containers - 1 tier.
Foundation blocks no more than 2.6 m high on pads and gaskets:
· Wall panels- in cassettes vertically;
· floor slabs in a stack no more than 2.5 m high on pads and gaskets;
· columns and crossbars - in a stack up to 2 m high;
· tile materials - in stacks up to 1 m;
· round timber - in stacks no more than 1.5 m high with spacers and stops against rolling out;
lumber - in stacks, the height of which, when stacked in rows, is no more than half the width of the stack;
· small-grade metal - in a stack no more than 1.5 m high;
· large-sized and heavy equipment and its parts - in one row on linings;
· radiators - in stacks no more than 1 m high;
· glass in boxes and roll material- vertically in one row on linings;
· ferrous rolled metals (sheet steel, channel, I-beam, section steel) - in a stack up to 1.5 m high with linings and gaskets;
· thermal insulation materials- in a stack up to 1.2 m high with storage in a dry room;
· pipes up to 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 m high, in a saddle without gaskets. The bottom row of pipes must be laid on pads, reinforced with inventory metal shoes or ring stops securely fastened to the pads;
· shut-off valves(gate valves, valves, etc.) - in one row;
· cylinders with compressed gases - vertically in one row in containers and without them are stored in specially closed ventilated rooms, isolated from sources of fire or electric welding;
· bottles with acids - in one row in wicker baskets on the floor in a specially designated room;
· small-piece materials - stored in boxes in closed warehouses in stacks and on racks;
Between racks and stacks in warehouses there must be passages of at least one meter, and passages - depending on loading and unloading equipment and transport. Explosive materials and means of blasting are packed in boxes, and dust-like materials are packed in bags and placed on racks in special warehouses. Service staff must undergo special training.
52. Materials, structures and equipment should be placed on leveled areas, taking into account measures against spontaneous displacement, subsidence, shedding and rolling of stored materials.
53. Pads and gaskets in stacks of stored materials and structures should be placed in the same vertical plane. When stacking panels, blocks, slabs and other structures, their thickness must be at least 20 mm greater than the height of the protruding mounting loops.
54. Disorderly storage of materials in warehouses and construction sites is prohibited.
55. Travel on trucks that are not suitable for transporting passengers is prohibited.
56. It is prohibited to transport people, including loaders, in the bodies of dump trucks, on trailers and tanks, in the bodies of trucks transporting dangerous goods and toxic substances, as well as in vehicles equipped for the transportation of long cargo or in the bodies of which the loaded cargo exceeds the height of the sides .
57. Vehicles transporting cylinders with liquefied gas must be equipped with special racks with recesses along the diameter of the cylinders, covered with felt. Cylinders must have closed caps. When transporting cylinders, people are prohibited from being in the back of the vehicle.
58. The speed of vehicles on a construction site should not exceed
10 km/h on straight sections and 5 km/h on turns.
59. Bottles with acids, caustics and liquid non-flammable chemicals must be placed vertically and firmly secured during transportation. It is prohibited to transport flammable liquids on vehicles in bottles, buckets, cans and other unclosed containers.
60. It is prohibited to transport long cargo on dump trucks, including trailers.
61. Loading cargo on board vehicles in bulk is allowed only to the level of the sides of the body. If necessary, the height of the body can be increased.
62. Vehicles intended for the transportation of long cargo must be without sides and have removable and folding racks. The opposite racks of the car and trailer are connected above the load with special chains or locks or devices. Extension of folding racks is prohibited.
63. When opening the sides of cars, you must ensure that the cargo is securely located in the body. The side should be opened simultaneously by two workers under the control of the driver, and they need to be on the side of the side being opened. Opening the sides of the vehicle while loaded is strictly prohibited.
64. A vehicle placed for loading or unloading must be reliably braked.
65. When placing cargo in the back of a car or trailer, the following rules must be observed:
- load cargo in bulk no higher than the sides;
- piece cargo placed above the level of the sides should be tied with strong ropes;
- the loading height is allowed no more than 4 m from the road surface, the height should not exceed the dimensions of bridges, overpasses and other structures encountered along the route of vehicles:
- pack boxes and barrels tightly so that they do not move or fall along the vehicle’s route:
66. Unload barrels with flammable and combustible liquids from a vehicle only on wooden floors or other devices. Throwing a barrel of gasoline and other petroleum products from a vehicle onto the ground is prohibited.
67. Cement must be unloaded only in hermetically sealed packages. Loading and unloading dusty and corrosive cargo in bulk is prohibited.
68. When loading piece goods stacked, it is not allowed to take them from the middle, since the top one may collapse. Piece loads should only be taken from the top of the stack.

4. Labor protection requirements upon completion of work
69. Clean up the workplace, remove tools and unnecessary materials.
70. Clean and inspect lifting devices and containers.
71. Disconnect the switch that powers the crane and winch from the electrical network and lock it.
72. Change your overalls, wash your face and hands with soap, and, if possible, take a shower.

5. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations
73. Emergency situations and accidents during loading and unloading operations can occur when:
o lifting loads exceeding the lifting capacity of the crane, hoist, winch;
o use of faulty load-handling devices;
o loading reinforced concrete structures with cracks, bent and broken hinges;
o shocks and shocks during loading and unloading: gas cylinders, drums with calcium carbide, poisonous and others harmful substances, in glass containers;
o manual lifting of acids, caustic alkalis and chemicals;
o carrying and transporting oxygen cylinders together with fats, oils, combustible and flammable substances and materials, using hooks, crowbars and other metal objects for loading and moving cylinders with compressed gases;
o dropping barrels of gasoline and other flammable materials from aircraft;
o being in the back of a loaded vehicle when opening the sides;
o indiscriminate storage of materials in warehouses and construction sites;
74. When emergency situation necessary:
- eliminate the source that caused the emergency;
- turn off the machine, equipment, electric current;
- call emergency services;
- inform the administration;
- provide assistance to the victims;
- maintain the situation if it does not threaten the life and health of people.

NON-MECHANIZED TRANSPORT WORKS
Technical part

1. Non-mechanized transport work may be performed in exceptional cases, only if it is impossible to use mechanized methods of loading, unloading and moving materials (cargo) and in small quantities.
2. The distances for moving materials (loads) provided for by the standards are calculated along a horizontal path. When moving materials (cargo) along paths that have ascents or descents in the cargo direction, to determine the calculated (reduced to horizontal) distance of movement to the actual length of the path traveled, one should add: for each meter of ascent of the path - 10 m, and for each meter of descent - 8 m; for ascents and descents of less than 4%, no addition is made.
3. The standards of the chapter provide for the movement and loading of materials (crushed stone, pebbles, clay, etc.) that are in a loosened state outside the place of their development.
The movement of soils with loosening in places of their development is standardized according to Collection E2 " Excavation", vol. 1 “Mechanized and manual excavation work.”
4. Depending on the ease of picking up and carrying, materials (loads) are divided into handy and unhandy.
Handy materials include materials (loads) in rolls, bundles, bags, boxes, bags, coils, barrels, buckets (non-flammable, non-toxic liquid) and other goods that are convenient to carry.
Unhandy loads include window frames, door leaves, reinforcement in rods, boards, bars, beams, logs, loads that require special care (glass, tanks with hot compounds) and other loads that impede and slow down movement.

§ E1-19. Carrying materials (cargo)

Scope of work

When carried directly on yourself
1. Taking materials (loads) from a stack or from the ground.
2. Lifting the load.
3. Moving with a load.
4. Dropping or lowering materials (loads) to the ground with storage.
5. Return.

When carried on a stretcher or in other small containers

1. Loading materials (cargo) by throwing or laying on.
2. Carrying cargo.
3. Unloading by tipping, throwing or stacking.
4. Return.

Time standards and prices for meters indicated in the table

answer; Loading and unloading operations are the most labor-intensive in the processing industry. Currently, for example, more than 45% of the total number of industrial production personnel is employed in loading and unloading, transport and warehouse work and auxiliary operations of the main production in the country's meat industry, of which more than 25% are in transport and warehouse work.

Constantly carrying heavy loads manually in excess of established norms can lead to serious illnesses and injuries. In work involving the carrying of heavy objects, the following rules must be followed: the following requirements: teenagers under 16 years of age are not allowed to carry heavy loads; the maximum norm for carrying weights on a flat horizontal surface for each person should not exceed 10 kg for female adolescents from 16 to 18 years old, 15 kg for those over 18 years old, 10 kg for constant movement, and 10 kg for lifting to a height of more than 1.5 m. 10 kg, for male teenagers from 16 to 18 years old - 16 kg, over 18 years old - 50 kg.

Male loaders are allowed to carry loads weighing up to 80 kg only with the help of devices; with a weight of 50 kg and above, lifting him onto his back or above is carried out with the help of other workers.

At a distance of more than 15 m, a load weighing 50 kg or more is moved using mechanisms. Loads weighing more than 80 kg, regardless of distance, are moved only with the help of mechanisms and special devices, allowing experienced and specially trained workers to service them.

Manual loading and unloading is usually performed for a small amount of work. The work area must be sufficiently illuminated and free from foreign objects; work must not be carried out on a slippery, greasy floor. Hatches, openings and holes on the working path must be securely fenced.

When carrying heavy loads in a container (flasks, baskets, etc.), make sure of its strength: inspect the container, and then lift the load to a height of 10-20 cm, especially carefully inspect the loads moved in boxes, hammer in protruding nails and the ends of the iron strapping. When transferring boxed cargo on the back it is necessary to use special backrests. Carrying loads on the head is prohibited to avoid injury.

A long load is carried by several workers, standing on one side of it. Lifting and dropping loads is permitted only at the command of a senior person.

Loaded barrels, cylinders, shafts are moved by rolling, pushing the load away from you; if the load is rolled along an inclined path, then the workers are positioned on the side.

When working with trolleys, you must not exceed the established load capacity, overload them over the sides and use trolleys with faulty brakes and steering; the handles are equipped with a protective device that prevents damage to the hands when colliding with oncoming carts.

Half carcasses are removed and hung on overhead tracks with a special platform at least 1 m wide.

When moving a load along an inclined plane, it is necessary to prevent its spontaneous movement. To do this, the load is tied with a rope, one end of which is fixed motionless, and the other to a stable support so that as it moves, the rope can be released or pulled up. To avoid rope breaks, the load is moved evenly without jerking.

Loading and unloading of wet-salted and dry-salted hides, bones, hair, bristles, horns, ungulates and other technical raw materials of animal origin, in and without containers, is carried out in a special protective clothing using carts or stretchers. When loading and unloading dusty materials (lime, cement, etc.), workers must wear a respirator, goggles, gloves and special dust-proof clothing.

Manual stacking of cargo in stacks is allowed to a height of no more than 2 m. Two or more loaders must manually lift or lower a load weighing 60-80 kg. To ensure the stacking of goods during weighing, the scale platform should be at a height of 0.7-0.8 m above the floor level. Movements of loads weighing more than 50 kg, as well as their lifting to a height of more than 3 m, must be carried out mechanized.

These instructions on labor protection when performing loading and unloading operations, moving heavy objects and transporting goods are available for free viewing and downloading.

1. GENERAL OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Loading and unloading operations and moving heavy loads should be started only after receiving instructions on the safe conduct of these works. Teenagers can be allowed to carry loads only if these operations are included in job responsibilities in their specialty and occupy no more than 1/3 of their total working time.
1.2. Loading and unloading operations and moving heavy loads must be carried out under the supervision of an employee responsible for the safe performance of work.
1.3. Loading and unloading operations should be carried out, as a rule, mechanized: using cranes, loaders and small-scale mechanization.
Mechanized method loading and unloading operations is mandatory for cargo weighing more than 50 kg, as well as when lifting cargo to a height of more than 3 meters.
1.4. Materials can be carried on a stretcher only along a horizontal path (not on ladders or stepladders) and at a distance of no more than 50 meters.
1.5. Limit rate carrying loads manually on a flat and horizontal surface per person should not exceed: 16 kg - for male teenagers (from 16 to 18 years old); 50 kg - for men (over 18 years old).
1.6. Loading, unloading and moving aggressive liquids, acids and alkalis of various types toxic substances must be carried out carefully, wearing protective clothing. Before starting such work, you should prepare water, which may be useful for washing the burned area of ​​the body. When performing work, you should inspect the containers containing bottles of acids.
1.7. Loading and unloading of bottles should only be done manually. Bottles with acid must be carried by two people, in strong wicker baskets or wooden boxes, only by the handles or transported on a special trolley.
1.8. Carrying bottles with acid on the back or shoulders, lifting them up, or tilting empty bottles is prohibited.
1.9. If a bottle accidentally breaks, spills or spills caustic toxic substances, it is necessary to neutralize these substances. The spill area should be sprinkled with sand or ash and carefully collected with a shovel into a special container.
1.10. To move cylinders with compressed and liquefied gas, special stretchers should be used; Carrying the cylinder on your shoulders or dragging it is not allowed.
1.11. Gas-filled cylinders should be transported on spring transport; the cylinders must be laid horizontally, with valves in one direction and with gaskets between the cylinders. Can be used as gaskets wooden blocks with cut-out sockets for cylinders, rope or rubber rings with a thickness of at least 25 mm (two rings per cylinder) or other gaskets that protect the cylinders from hitting each other.
1.12. A vehicle for transporting cylinders must have:
— identification mark in the form of a red flag;
— muffler placed forward.
1.13. When loading and unloading cylinders, the vehicle engine must be turned on.
1.14. Loading and unloading of compressed and liquefied gas cylinders must be done manually. Workers engaged in this work must wear clothes and gloves that are free from oil and petroleum products.
1.15. Standard cylinders with a capacity of more than 12 liters should be transported with the caps screwed on. When loading and unloading, cylinders are served with their caps facing up.
1.16. When transporting cylinders with poisonous and flammable gases, plugs must be placed on the side fittings of the valves.
1.17. When transporting cylinders with oxygen and flammable gases together, the number of oxygen cylinders should not exceed two, and one with flammable gas.
1.18. IN summer time During transportation, cylinders must be protected from sun rays.
1.19. When transporting cylinders, the worker accompanying the cargo must periodically stop the vehicle along the way and check that the cylinders are securely fastened and that there are no gas leaks. If a cylinder malfunction is detected, it is necessary to move the car away from the highway at a distance of at least 100 m and unload the faulty cylinder, while observing safety precautions. The cylinder must not be dropped from vehicles.
1.20. When loading, unloading and stacking pipes and logs, lifting mechanisms or safe pipe rolls (slopes) must be used.
1.21. When using rolls, the following must be observed: following conditions:
— the roll-ups must be metal, correspond to the weight of the load and have a device for attaching to vehicles or racks, the weight of each roll-up must not exceed the load of two people;
— the angle of inclination of the installed ropes should be no more than 30 degrees;
— the distance between the rolls should be such that the ends of pipes or logs protrude beyond them by no more than 1.5 m;
— a device must be provided on the rolls to prevent the load from rolling back;
— serviceability and stability of the rolls must be checked before each use.
1.22. Used for rigging work rollers must be metal, made of smooth rough steel of the same diameter, and have a length no less than the width of the load being moved. The number of rollers must be at least three.

2. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS BEFORE STARTING WORK

2.1. Before starting work, workers are required to:
- inspect workplace, remove from under it everything that may interfere with work, clear the passages and do not clutter them;
— if it’s slippery underfoot (the floor is doused with water, mastic, oil, etc.), wipe it off or sprinkle it with sand or sawdust;
— check the serviceability of stairs and ladders;
— select the devices necessary for loading and unloading operations and moving heavy objects and check their serviceability;
— report any detected malfunctions to the employee responsible for the safe performance of work.
2.2. If it is necessary to perform loading and unloading operations at night, workplaces must have an illumination of at least 5 lux when moving loads manually and 10 lux when moving loads using lifting mechanisms.
2.3. The area intended for loading and unloading operations must be level and sufficient for the access and installation of vehicles, installation and maneuvering of lifting mechanisms.
2.4. If cargo is moved along an inclined path, measures must be taken to prevent spontaneous sliding or rolling.
2.5. Before loading and unloading pipes, logs and other long cargo, measures must be taken to prevent them from spontaneously rolling off the stack or vehicles.
2.6. Before unloading pipes and logs from racks or vehicles, it is prohibited to remove the holding posts, as well as wedges from the side opposite the unloading site.
2.7. Installation and operation of lifting machines at a distance of less than 30 m from the outermost wire air lines power transmission or overhead network with a voltage of more than 36 V can only be carried out in accordance with a permit that determines safe conditions such work.
The installation and operation of lifting machines in these cases must be carried out under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe performance of work on moving goods by cranes.

3. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS DURING WORK

3.1. During loading and unloading operations involving the movement of heavy loads using lifting mechanisms, workers must perform operations only upon a signal from the work manager.
3.2. The worker supervising loading and unloading operations using a crane must be in a place that ensures mutual visibility between him and the crane operator.
3.3. Prohibited:
- be under the lifted load and in the path of its movement:
— lift a load whose mass is unknown;
- support, unfold and guide the moving load directly with your hands (these operations must be performed using a hook or rope attached to the load);
- while the load is suspended, make any corrections to it in the ropes, as well as the position of the slings and lifting devices;
- use lifting cranes to lift weights, pull out cargo sandwiched between other objects;
- pull out pinched or caught slings, ropes, wires, chains, etc. manually.
3.4. During mechanized loading and unloading, long loads to be lifted must be tied with two slings using a traverse.
3.5. Rigging devices must ensure reliable grip of the cargo being moved.
3.6. Loads placed in bags must be strapped in such a way that when lifting, there is no possibility of them falling.
3.7. When moving by crane, the load must be raised above objects encountered along the way by at least 0.5 m.
3.8. Loads in the car body should be placed in accordance with following rules:
— when loading in bulk, place cargo evenly over the entire area of ​​the body, not exceeding the level of the sides of the vehicle;
— piece cargo rising above the level of the borg must be securely secured;
— the height of stacked cargo should not exceed overall dimensions roadways, tunnels and gates along the way.

4. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION

4.1. If malfunctions are detected during operation individual parts and components that can lead to an accident, work must be stopped immediately until the malfunctions are completely eliminated.
4.2. The occurrence of an emergency situation that could lead to an accident, a fire at work, as well as a situation that poses a threat to the life and health of people must be immediately notified to the immediate supervisor or in the prescribed manner other officials and begin to eliminate and localize the consequences.
4.3. At the workplace there should be a first aid kit with medicines and supplies for first aid.
4.4. In the event of an accident, it is necessary to provide first aid to the victim, call ambulance, report this to your immediate supervisor or dispatcher at your place of work.
First (pre-hospital) aid to victims must be provided in accordance with the “Instructions for providing first aid to victims of accidents.”

1.1. Persons who have undergone appropriate training are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations. Before starting work, the foreman or work manager must familiarize workers with the technology of work and safe methods for performing it. Such instruction is required whenever working conditions change.

1.2. Workers engaged in loading and unloading operations using lifting machines and mechanisms must undergo special training for the right to service these machines and mechanisms.

1.3. Loading and unloading operations should be carried out:

• under the guidance of a specially designated experienced employee from among the administrative and technical staff;
• on planned sites with a slope of up to 5 degrees, and in winter on sites cleared of ice and snow and sprinkled with sand or slag and other anti-slip materials;
• means of small mechanization (winches, blocks, jacks or cranes in good condition) for moving loads weighing over 50 kg (each place separately) and a length of more than 3 m;
• without creating a danger to neighboring production areas and unauthorized persons: pedestrians, residents.

1.4. Loading and unloading areas, including aisles and driveways, must be well lit.

1.5. Workers engaged in loading and unloading operations, in addition to the lunch break, are provided with rest breaks included in the working time. The duration and distribution of breaks are determined by the responsible work manager.

1.6. Workers authorized to load (unload) dangerous and especially dangerous goods must undergo special training safe methods labor with subsequent certification.

1.7. Workers and employees in unrepaired protective clothing and with faulty personal protective equipment should not be allowed to perform loading and unloading operations.

1.8. When performing loading and unloading operations with dusty materials, respirators and dust goggles must be provided.

1.9. If there is a danger of objects falling from above, those working at loading and unloading sites must wear safety helmets.

1.10. Paths for moving cargo should be kept clean; clutter and clutter are not allowed.

1.11. When using all kinds of rigging devices (rollers, gangways, wheelbarrows, ropes, etc.), as well as crowbars, etc. it is necessary to check their serviceability before starting work.

1.12. When lifting and moving loads manually, you must comply with the standards for carrying heavy loads established by current legislation:

• for men over 18 years old - 50 kg
• for women over 18 years of age:
  • when alternating with other work - 10 kg
  • constant during the work shift - 7 kg
  • lifting weights to a height of more than 1.5 m - 10 kg.

1.13. If you are injured while working, you should immediately seek help. medical care and report the incident to the work manager:

1.14. For violation of requirements of this instruction workers involved in loading and unloading operations bear disciplinary or criminal liability in accordance with the procedure established by the rules internal labor regulations at the enterprise and in accordance with current labor legislation.

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work.

2.1. Put your overalls in order, fasten the sleeve cuffs, tuck your hair under your headdress. Shoes should be comfortable, without heels. It is not allowed to work in light shoes (slippers, sandals).

2.2. Check the serviceability of all mechanisms, rigging, auxiliary devices and protective equipment.

2.3. Tidy up the workplace, clear aisles and passages, remove all unnecessary things that interfere with work. When performing work at night, check the illumination of workplaces.

2.4. Do not allow persons who are not directly involved in loading and unloading operations into the dangerous loading and unloading zone.

3. Labor protection requirements during work.

3.1. When placing cargo in the body of a vehicle, the following rules must be observed:

• when loading in bulk, the cargo should not rise above the sides of the body and should be located evenly over the entire area of ​​the body;
• piece cargo that rises above the sides of the body must be tied down with strong, serviceable rigging (ropes, cords). Use for linking metal rope and wire is prohibited.
• workers tying loads should only be on the loading and unloading area;
• boxes, barrels and other piece cargo must be packed tightly, without gaps, so that when driving (sharp braking, sharp turns) it cannot move around the body. If there are gaps, strong wooden spacers and spacers should be inserted into them;
• glass containers with liquids must be placed standing;
• It is not allowed to place cargo in glass containers on top of each other without strong gaskets that protect the bottom row from breaking during transportation.

3.2. Before opening the sides of vehicles, you must ensure that the cargo is securely located in the body. First, the rear side should be opened, and then the side sides, the workers should be on the side of the side being hidden.

3.3. When loading and unloading cargo in boxes, in order to avoid injury to hands, protruding nails and ends of iron strapping must be bent. Before removing the top box from the stack, you need to make sure that the load lying next to it is in a stable position.

3.4. When loading rolling cargo (pipes, barrels) and unloading them from vehicles and platforms, inclined platforms or beds must be used with the cargo held on the opposite side by strong ropes. Carrying these loads on your back, regardless of their weight, is prohibited.

3.5. It is prohibited to stand under a load being lowered or raised on an inclined plane. You should always stand away from him.

3.6. When rolling barrels, rolls, drums, etc. the worker must stay behind the load being moved and not allow it to roll faster than the worker’s pace.

3.7. When rolling wooden barrels They should be pushed along the ground near the hoops; pulling by the edges is not allowed. Heavy barrels should be moved on rollers or rollers.

3.8. Lengthy loads can be carried manually (on the shoulders) by several workers of approximately the same height. When carrying and dumping, workers should be on one side of the load.

Carry loads using shovel handles, crowbars, etc. prohibited.

3.9. When unloading drums with cables, wires or ropes, etc., do not throw them from vehicle platforms onto the ground. Drums that are unloaded manually must be supported by guys using winches or other devices installed on the opposite side of the vehicles.

3.10. It is necessary to tilt heavy loads and place slings under them using special crowbars or rack jacks. Use random objects, bars or pipe cuttings, etc. for this. prohibited.

3.11. When moving and laying old boards, you must ensure that any remaining staples and nails are removed or bent in advance.

3.12. Safety measures when storing cargo:

• When storing materials, it is necessary to leave passages and passages. The width of passages depends on the dimensions of vehicles and loading and unloading mechanisms; passages must have a width of at least 1 m. The distance between adjacent stacks must be at least 0.2 m;
• the storage area for materials must be leveled and compacted;
• It is prohibited to roll (support) materials and products against fences and other structures not designed for lateral pressure;
• when stowing cargo round shape ensure their stability using spacers, stops, etc.;
• When storing materials, structures and equipment, it is necessary to take measures to prevent their spontaneous displacement (shedding, falling apart, rolling out and overturning);
• the distance from the place of storage of materials and equipment to the edges of excavations (pits, trenches) should be observed in accordance with the work plan. In all cases, this distance cannot be less than 1 m.

3.13. When stored on a construction site, materials, products and equipment must be stacked as follows:

• a) bricks in bags on pallets - no more than two tiers, in containers - one tier, without containers - no more than 1.7 m high;
• b) lumber - in stacks with a height of no more than half the width of the stack when laid in rows;
• c) round timber - in stacks of no more than 1.5 m with spacers between the rows and installation of stops against rolling out; a stack width less than its height is not allowed;
• d) small-grade metal - in racks no more than 1.5 m high;
• e) lengthy and bulky materials and structures (pipes of medium and large diameters, bars, beams, steel structures, sheet metal etc.) - in stacks no more than 1.5 m high with spacers between them;
• f) large and heavy equipment - in one row;
• g) solid bitumen - in a dense container that prevents it from spreading with a fencing device, and liquid and viscous - in special containers with a fencing device;
• h) pipes with a diameter of up to 300 m - in stacks up to 3 m high. On pads and gaskets with end stops;
• m) pipes with a diameter of more than 300 m - a stack up to 3 m high, in a saddle without gaskets; the bottom row must be laid on pads, reinforced with inventory metal shoes or end stops securely fastened to the pads.

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations.

4.1. If any emergency occurs, stop loading and unloading operations.

4.2. Report the emergency situation to the head of the unit and take measures to eliminate the situation.

4.3. In case of any injury while performing work, immediately inform the head of the department and the occupational health and safety engineer, and if necessary, contact a medical specialist. Institution.

4.4. Know the location of the first aid kit and be able to provide first aid.

4.5. The situation in which the accident occurred should be preserved, if possible, if this does not endanger the lives of other people, in order to conduct an investigation.

5. Labor protection requirements upon completion of work.

5.1. Tidy up the workplace, put tools and accessories in the designated place.

5.2. Wash your face and hands with warm water, and take a shower if necessary.