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Laboratory for children at home. Fun science experiments for kids at home. How to scrub your green knee off the grass

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We have a lot of things stored in our kitchen that can be used for interesting experiments for children. Well, for myself, to be honest, make a couple of discoveries from the “how did I not notice this before” category.

website I chose 9 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.

1. Lava lamp

Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large transparent glass or glass jar.

Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour into the water vegetable oil. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.

2. Personal rainbow

Needed: A container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.

Experience: Pour water into a container and place a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of the flashlight onto the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on the paper on which a rainbow should appear.

Explanation: A ray of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it breaks down into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.

3. Vulcan

Needed: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.

Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle from clay or sand - for the surroundings. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and finally pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.

Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins, releasing water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles push the contents out.

4. Growing crystals

Needed: Salt, water, wire.

Experience: To obtain crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which the salt does not dissolve when adding a new portion. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Next, you can lower a wire with a small loop at the end into the solution. Place the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. In a few days, beautiful salt crystals will grow on the wire. If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.

Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.

5. Dancing coin

Needed: Bottle, coin to cover the neck of the bottle, water.

Experience: The empty, unclosed bottle should be placed in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle removed from the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.

Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, but has now heated up and begun to expand.

6. Colored milk

Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.

Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of coloring. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.

Explanation: Detergent reacts with fat molecules in milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for the experiment.

7. Fireproof bill

Needed: Ten-ruble bill, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (1/2 part alcohol to 1/2 part water).

Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution until it is completely saturated. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and let it drain excess liquid. Set the bill on fire and watch it burn without getting burned.

Explanation: As a result of combustion ethyl alcohol water is formed carbon dioxide and heat (energy). When you set fire to a bill, the alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not sufficient to evaporate the water with which it is soaked. paper bill. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.

9. Camera obscura

You will need:

A camera that supports long shutter speeds (up to 30 s);

Big leaf thick cardboard;

Masking tape (for gluing cardboard);

A room with a view of anything;

Sunny day.

1. Cover the window with cardboard so that light does not come from the street.

2. We make a smooth hole in the center (for a room 3 meters deep, the hole should be about 7-8 mm).

3. When your eyes get used to the darkness, you will see an inverted street on the walls of the room! The most visible effect will be achieved on a bright sunny day.

4. Now the result can be shot with a camera at a long shutter speed. A shutter speed of 10-30 seconds is fine.

Summary: Chemical experiment - invisible ink. Experiments with citric acid and soda. Experiments with surface tension on water. Mighty shell. Teach an egg to swim. Animation. Experiments with optical illusions.

Does your baby love everything mysterious, enigmatic and unusual? Then be sure to carry out the simple but very interesting experiments described in this article with him. Most of them will surprise and even puzzle the child, giving him the opportunity to see for himself in practice the unusual properties of ordinary objects, phenomena, their interaction with each other, understand the reason for what is happening and thereby gain practical experience.

Your son or daughter will certainly earn the respect of their peers by showing them experiments like magic tricks. For example, they will be able to make cold water “boil” or use lemon to start homemade rocket. Such entertainment can be included in the birthday program for children of preschool and primary school age.

Invisible ink

To conduct the experiment you will need: half a lemon, cotton wool, a match, a cup of water, a sheet of paper.
1. Squeeze the juice from the lemon into a cup and add the same amount of water.
2. Dip a match or a toothpick with cotton wool wrapped into the solution lemon juice and water and write something on paper with this match.
3. When the “ink” is dry, heat the paper over the switched on table lamp. Previously invisible words will appear on paper.

Lemon inflates a balloon

To conduct the experiment you will need: 1 tsp baking soda, lemon juice, 3 tbsp. vinegar, balloon IR, electrical tape, glass and bottle, funnel.
1. Pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.

2. In a separate bowl, mix lemon juice and 3 tablespoons of vinegar and pour into a bottle through a funnel.

3. Quickly place the ball on the neck of the bottle and secure it tightly with electrical tape.
Look what's happening! Baking soda and lemon juice mixed with vinegar come into chemical reaction, release carbon dioxide and create pressure that inflates the balloon.

Lemon launches a rocket into space

To conduct the experiment you will need: a bottle (glass), a cork from wine bottle, colored paper, glue, 3 tbsp lemon juice, 1 tsp. baking soda, a piece toilet paper.

1. Cut it out of colored paper and glue it on both sides wine cork strips of paper to make a mock-up of a rocket. We try on the “rocket” on the bottle so that the cork fits into the neck of the bottle without effort.

2. Pour and mix water and lemon juice in a bottle.

3. Wrap it up baking soda into a piece of toilet paper so that you can insert it into the neck of the bottle and wrap it with thread.

4. Place the bag of soda into the bottle and plug it with a rocket stopper, but not too tightly.

5. Place the bottle on a plane and move away safe distance. Our rocket will fly up with a loud bang. Just don't put it under the chandelier!

Running toothpicks

To conduct the experiment you will need: a bowl of water, 8 wooden toothpicks, a pipette, a piece of refined sugar (not instant), dishwashing liquid.

1. Place toothpicks in rays in a bowl of water.

2. Carefully lower a piece of sugar into the center of the bowl; the toothpicks will begin to gather towards the center.
3. Remove the sugar with a teaspoon and drop a few drops of dishwashing liquid into the center of the bowl with a pipette - the toothpicks will “scatter”!
What's going on? The sugar absorbs the water, creating a movement that moves the toothpicks towards the center. The soap, spreading over the water, carries along the water particles, and they cause the toothpicks to scatter. Explain to the children that you showed them a trick, and all tricks are based on certain natural physical phenomena which they will study at school.

Mighty Shell

To conduct the experiment you will need: 4 halves eggshells, scissors, narrow adhesive tape, several full tin cans.
1. Wrap some tape around the middle of each eggshell half.

2. Using scissors, cut off the excess shell so that the edges are even.

3. Place the four halves of the shell with the dome up so that they form a square.
4. Carefully place a jar on top, then another and another... until the shell bursts.

How many jars could the fragile shells bear? Add up the weight indicated on the labels and find out how many cans you can put in to make the trick a success. The secret of strength is in the dome-shaped shape of the shell.

Teach an egg to swim

To conduct the experiment you will need: a raw egg, a glass of water, a few tablespoons of salt.
1. Place a raw egg in a glass with a clean tap water- the egg will sink to the bottom of the glass.
2. Take the egg out of the glass and dissolve a few tablespoons of salt in the water.
3. Place the egg in a glass of salted water - the egg will remain floating on the surface of the water.

Salt increases the density of water. The more salt there is in the water, the more difficult it is to drown in it. In the famous Dead Sea, the water is so salty that a person can lie on its surface without any effort, without fear of drowning.

"Bait" for ice

To carry out the experiment you will need: thread, ice cube, glass of water, pinch of salt.

Bet a friend that you can use a thread to remove an ice cube from a glass of water without getting your hands wet.

1. Place the ice in the water.

2. Place the thread on the edge of the glass so that one end of it lies on an ice cube floating on the surface of the water.

3. Sprinkle some salt on the ice and wait 5-10 minutes.
4. Take the free end of the thread and pull out the ice cube from the glass.

Salt, once on the ice, slightly melts a small area of ​​it. Within 5-10 minutes, the salt dissolves in water, and pure water freezes on the ice surface along with the thread.

Can cold water “boil”?

To conduct the experiment you will need: a thick handkerchief, a glass of water, and a rubber band.

1. Wet and wring out the handkerchief.

2. Pour a full glass of cold water.

3. Cover the glass with a scarf and secure it to the glass with a rubber band.

4. Press the middle of the scarf with your finger so that it is immersed in water by 2-3 cm.
5. Turn the glass upside down over the sink.
6. Hold the glass with one hand and lightly hit the bottom with the other. The water in the glass begins to bubble (“boil”).
A wet scarf does not allow water to pass through. When we hit the glass, a vacuum is formed in it, and air begins to flow through the handkerchief into the water, sucked in by the vacuum. It is these air bubbles that create the impression that the water is “boiling.”

Pipette straw

To conduct the experiment you will need: a cocktail straw, 2 glasses.

1. Place 2 glasses next to each other: one with water, the other empty.

2. Place the straw in the water.

3. Pinch the straw on top with your index finger and transfer it to the empty glass.

4. Remove your finger from the straw - the water will flow into the empty glass. By doing the same thing several times, we will be able to transfer all the water from one glass to another.

A pipette, which you probably have in your home medicine cabinet, works on the same principle.

Straw-flute

To conduct the experiment you will need: a wide cocktail straw and scissors.
1. Flatten the end of the straw about 15 mm long and trim its edges with scissors.
2. At the other end of the straw, cut 3 small holes at the same distance from each other.
So we got a “flute”. If you blow lightly into a straw, slightly squeezing it with your teeth, the “flute” will begin to sound. If you close one or the other hole of the “flute” with your fingers, the sound will change. Now let's try to find some melody.

Rapier straw

To conduct the experiment you will need: raw potatoes and 2 thin cocktail straws.
1. Put the potatoes on the table. Let's hold the straw in our fist and with a sharp movement try to stick the straw into the potato. The straw will bend, but will not pierce the potato.
2. Take the second straw. Close the hole at the top with your thumb.

3. Sharply lower the straw. It will easily enter the potato and pierce it.

The air that we pressed inside the straw with our thumb makes it elastic and does not allow it to bend, so it easily pierces the potato.

Bird in a cage

To conduct the experiment you will need: a piece of thick cardboard, a compass, scissors, colored pencils or markers, thick thread, a needle and a ruler.
1. Cut out a circle of any diameter from cardboard.
2. Use a needle to pierce two holes in the circle.
3. Drag a thread approximately 50 cm long through the holes on each side.
4. On front side Let's draw a birdcage around the circle, and on the back - a small bird.
5. Rotate the cardboard circle, holding it by the ends of the threads. The threads will spin. Now let's pull their ends in different directions. The threads will unwind and rotate the circle in the opposite direction. It looks like the bird is sitting in a cage. A cartoon effect is created, the rotation of the circle becomes invisible, and the bird “finds itself” in a cage.

How does a square turn into a circle?

To conduct the experiment you will need: a rectangular piece of cardboard, a pencil, a felt-tip pen and a ruler.
1. Place the ruler on the cardboard so that one end touches its corner and the other end touches the middle of the opposite side.
2. Using a felt-tip pen, place 25-30 dots on the cardboard at a distance of 0.5 mm from each other.
3. Pierce the middle of the cardboard with a sharp pencil (the middle will be the intersection of the diagonal lines).
4. Place the pencil vertically on the table, holding it with your hand. The cardboard should rotate freely on the pencil tip.
5. Unroll the cardboard.
A circle appears on the rotating cardboard. This is just a visual effect. Each point on the cardboard moves in a circle when rotated, as if creating a continuous line. The point closest to the tip moves the slowest, and we perceive its trace as a circle.

Strong newspaper

To conduct the experiment you will need: a long ruler and a newspaper.
1. Place the ruler on the table so that it hangs halfway.
2. Fold the newspaper several times, put it on a ruler, and hit it hard on the hanging end of the ruler. The newspaper will fly off the table.
3. Now let’s unfold the newspaper and cover the ruler with it, hit the ruler. The newspaper will only rise slightly, but will not fly anywhere.
What's the trick? All objects experience air pressure. The larger the area of ​​the object, the stronger this pressure. Now it’s clear why the newspaper has become so strong?

Mighty Breath

To conduct the experiment you will need: a clothes hanger, strong threads, a book.
1. Tie the book with threads to a clothes hanger.
2. Hang the hanger on the clothesline.
3. Let’s stand near the book at a distance of approximately 30 cm. Blow on the book with all our might. It will deviate slightly from its original position.
4. Now let’s blow on the book again, but lightly. As soon as the book deviates a little, we blow after it. And so on several times.
It turns out that with such repeated light blows you can move a book much further than by blowing hard on it once.

Record weight

To conduct the experiment you will need: 2 cans from coffee or canned food, a sheet of paper, an empty glass jar.
1. Place two tin cans at a distance of 30 cm from each other.
2. Place a sheet of paper on top to create a “bridge.”
3. Place an empty glass jar on the sheet. The paper will not support the weight of the can and will bend down.
4. Now fold the sheet of paper like an accordion.
5. Let's put this “accordion” on two tin cans and put a glass jar on it. The accordion does not bend!

My personal experience teaching chemistry showed that a science such as chemistry is very difficult to study without any initial information and practice. Schoolchildren very often neglect this subject. I personally observed how an 8th grade student, when he heard the word “chemistry,” began to wince, as if he had eaten a lemon.

Later it turned out that due to dislike and misunderstanding of the subject, he skipped school secretly from his parents. Certainly, school program is designed in such a way that the teacher must give a lot of theory in the first chemistry lessons. Practice seems to fade into the background precisely at the moment when the student cannot yet independently realize whether he needs this subject in the future. This is primarily due to the laboratory equipment of schools. IN big cities Currently, the situation with reagents and instruments is better. As for the province, just like 10 years ago and now, many schools do not have the opportunity to conduct laboratory classes. But the process of studying and becoming interested in chemistry, as well as other natural sciences, usually begins with experiments. And this is no coincidence. Many famous chemists, such as Lomonosov, Mendeleev, Paracelsus, Robert Boyle, Pierre Curie and Marie Sklodowska-Curie (schoolchildren also study all of these researchers in physics lessons) began experimenting from childhood. The great discoveries of these great people were made precisely in home chemical laboratories, since studying chemistry in institutes was available only to people of means.

And, of course, the most important thing is to interest the child and convey to him that chemistry surrounds us everywhere, so the process of studying it can be very exciting. This is where home chemical experiments come to the rescue. By observing such experiments, one can further look for an explanation of why things happen this way and not otherwise. And when a young researcher encounters similar concepts in school lessons, the teacher’s explanations will be more understandable to him, since he will already have his own experience in conducting chemical experiments at home and the knowledge gained.

It is very important to start learning science with common observations and real-life examples that you think will be most successful for your child. Here are some of them. Water is a chemical substance consisting of two elements, as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. It is known that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, but without water - only a few days.

River sand is nothing more than silicon oxide, and is also the main raw material for glass production.

A person himself does not suspect it and carries out chemical reactions every second. The air we breathe is a mixture of gases - chemicals. During exhalation, another one is released compound- carbon dioxide. We can say that we ourselves are a chemical laboratory. You can explain to your child that washing hands with soap is also a chemical process of water and soap.

An older child who, for example, has already started studying chemistry at school, can be explained that almost all elements can be found in the human body periodic table D. I. Mendeleev. Not only are all chemical elements present in a living organism, but each of them performs some biological function.

Chemistry also includes medicines, without which many people nowadays cannot live a day.

Plants also contain the chemical chlorophyll, which gives leaves their green color.

Cooking is a complex chemical process. Here is an example of how dough rises when yeast is added.

One of the options for getting a child interested in chemistry is to take an individual outstanding researcher and read the story of his life or watch an educational film about him (films about D.I. Mendeleev, Paracelsus, M.V. Lomonosov, Butlerov are now available).

Many people believe that real chemistry is harmful substances, experimenting with them is dangerous, especially at home. There are many very exciting experiences which you can spend with your child without harming your health. And these home chemical experiments will be no less exciting and instructive than those that come with explosions, acrid odors and clouds of smoke.

Some parents are also afraid to conduct chemical experiments at home because of their complexity or lack of necessary equipment and reagents. It turns out that you can get by with improvised means and those substances that every housewife has in her kitchen. You can buy them at your local hardware store or pharmacy. Test tubes for conducting home chemical experiments can be replaced with bottles of tablets. You can use it to store reagents glass jars, for example, from baby food or mayonnaise.

It is worth remembering that the container with reagents must have a label with the inscription and be tightly closed. Sometimes the test tubes need to be heated. In order not to hold it in your hands when it heats up and not get burned, you can build such a device using a clothespin or a piece of wire.

It is also necessary to allocate several steel and wooden spoons for mixing.

You can make a stand for holding test tubes yourself by drilling through holes in the block.

To filter the resulting substances you will need a paper filter. It is very easy to make according to the diagram given here.

For children who do not yet go to school or are studying in junior classes, conducting home chemical experiments with parents will be a kind of game. Most likely, such a young researcher will not yet be able to explain some individual laws and reactions. However, perhaps it is precisely this empirical method of discovering the surrounding world, nature, man, and plants through experiments that will lay the foundation for the study of natural sciences in the future. You can even organize some kind of competitions in the family to see who has the most successful experience and then demonstrate them at family holidays.

Regardless of your child's age or ability to read and write, I recommend keeping a laboratory journal in which you can record experiments or sketch. A real chemist always writes down a work plan, a list of reagents, sketches the instruments and describes the progress of the work.

When you and your child first begin to study this science of substances and conduct home chemical experiments, the first thing you need to remember is safety.

To do this you need to follow following rules security:

2. It is better to allocate a separate table for conducting chemical experiments at home. If you do not have a separate table at home, then it is better to conduct experiments on a steel or iron tray or pallet.

3. You need to get thin and thick gloves (they are sold at a pharmacy or hardware store).

4. For chemical experiments, it is best to buy a lab coat, but you can also use a thick apron instead of a coat.

5. Glassware should not be further used for food.

6. In home chemical experiments there should be no cruelty to animals or disruption of the ecological system. Acidic chemical wastes must be neutralized with soda, and alkaline ones with acetic acid.

7. If you want to check the smell of a gas, liquid or reagent, never bring the container directly to your face, but, holding it at some distance, direct the air above the container towards you by waving your hand and at the same time smell the air.

8. Always use small quantities of reagents in home experiments. Avoid leaving reagents in a container without an appropriate inscription (label) on the bottle, from which it should be clear what is in the bottle.

You should start learning chemistry with simple chemical experiments at home, allowing your child to master the basic concepts. A series of experiments 1-3 allow you to get acquainted with the main states of aggregation substances and properties of water. To begin with, you can show your preschooler how sugar and salt dissolve in water, accompanying this with an explanation that water universal solvent and is a liquid. Sugar or salt are solids that dissolve in liquid.

Experience No. 1 “Because - without water and neither here nor there”

Water is a liquid chemical substance consisting of two elements as well as gases dissolved in it. Man also contains water. It is known that where there is no water, there is no life. A person can live without food for about a month, and without water - only a few days.

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, soda, citric acid, water

Experiment: Take two test tubes. Pour into them equal amounts of baking soda and citric acid. Then pour water into one of the test tubes, but not into the other. In a test tube in which water was poured, carbon dioxide began to be released. In a test tube without water - nothing has changed

Discussion: This experiment explains the fact that without water many reactions and processes in living organisms are impossible, and water also accelerates many chemical reactions. It can be explained to schoolchildren that an exchange reaction occurred, as a result of which carbon dioxide was released.

Experiment No. 2 “What is dissolved in tap water”

Reagents and equipment: transparent glass, tap water

Experiment: Pour tap water into a transparent glass and leave it in a warm place for an hour. After an hour, you will see settled bubbles on the walls of the glass.

Discussion: Bubbles are nothing more than gases dissolved in water. IN cold water gases dissolve better. As soon as the water becomes warm, the gases stop dissolving and settle on the walls. Similar homemade chemical experiment It also allows you to introduce your child to gaseous state substances.

Experiment No. 3 “What is dissolved in mineral water or water is a universal solvent”

Reagents and equipment: test tube, mineral water, candle, magnifying glass

Experiment: Pour mineral water into a test tube and slowly evaporate it over a candle flame (the experiment can be done on the stove in a saucepan, but the crystals will be less visible). As the water evaporates, small crystals will remain on the walls of the test tube, all of them of different shapes.

Discussion: Crystals are salts dissolved in mineral water. They have different shape and size, since each crystal has its own chemical formula. With a child who has already started studying chemistry at school, you can read the label on mineral water, where its composition is indicated, and write the formulas of the compounds contained in the mineral water.

Experiment No. 4 “Filtering water mixed with sand”

Reagents and equipment: 2 test tubes, funnel, paper filter, water, river sand

Experiment: Pour water into a test tube and put a little river sand in there, mix. Then, according to the scheme described above, make a filter out of paper. Insert a dry, clean test tube into the rack. Slowly pour the sand and water mixture through a funnel with a paper filter. The river sand will remain on the filter, and you will get clean water in the test tube.

Discussion: Chemical experiment allows us to show that there are substances that do not dissolve in water, for example, river sand. The experience also introduces one of the methods for purifying mixtures of substances from impurities. Here you can introduce the concepts of pure substances and mixtures, which are given in the 8th grade chemistry textbook. In this case, the mixture is sand and water, the pure substance is the filtrate, and river sand is the sediment.

The filtration process (described in grade 8) is used here to separate a mixture of water and sand. To diversify your study this process, we can delve a little deeper into the history of cleaning drinking water.

Filtration processes were used as early as the 8th and 7th centuries BC. in the state of Urartu (now the territory of Armenia) to purify drinking water. Its residents carried out the construction plumbing system using filters. Thick fabric and charcoal. Similar systems of intertwined drainpipes, clay channels equipped with filters were also on the territory of the ancient Nile among the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Water was passed through such a filter several times, ultimately many times, ultimately achieving best quality water.

One of the most interesting experiments is growing crystals. The experiment is very visual and gives an idea of ​​many chemical and physical concepts.

Experiment No. 5 “Growing sugar crystals”

Reagents and equipment: two glasses of water; sugar - five glasses; wooden skewers; thin paper; pot; transparent cups; food coloring (the proportions of sugar and water can be reduced).

Experiment: The experiment should begin with the preparation of sugar syrup. Take a saucepan, pour 2 cups of water and 2.5 cups of sugar into it. Place over medium heat and, stirring, dissolve all the sugar. Pour the remaining 2.5 cups of sugar into the resulting syrup and cook until completely dissolved.

Now let's prepare the crystal seeds - rods. Sprinkle a small amount of sugar on a piece of paper, then dip the stick in the resulting syrup and roll it in sugar.

We take the pieces of paper and poke a hole in the middle with a skewer so that the paper fits tightly to the skewer.

Then pour the hot syrup into transparent glasses (it is important that the glasses are transparent - this way the process of crystal ripening will be more exciting and visual). The syrup must be hot, otherwise the crystals will not grow.

You can make colored sugar crystals. To do this, add a little food coloring to the resulting hot syrup and stir it.

The crystals will grow in different ways, some quickly and some may take longer. At the end of the experiment, the child can eat the resulting candies if he is not allergic to sweets.

If you do not have wooden skewers, then the experiment can be carried out with ordinary threads.

Discussion: A crystal is a solid state of matter. He has a certain form and a certain number of faces due to the arrangement of its atoms. Substances whose atoms are arranged regularly so that they form a regular three-dimensional lattice, called crystalline, are considered crystalline. Row crystals chemical elements and their compounds have remarkable mechanical, electrical, magnetic and optical properties. For example, diamond is a natural crystal and the hardest and rarest mineral. Due to its exceptional hardness, diamond plays a huge role in technology. Diamond saws are used to cut stones. There are three ways to form crystals: crystallization from a melt, from a solution and from the gas phase. An example of crystallization from a melt is the formation of ice from water (after all, water is molten ice). An example of crystallization from a solution in nature is the precipitation of hundreds of millions of tons of salt from sea ​​water. In this case, when growing crystals at home, we are dealing with the most common method of artificial growth - crystallization from solution. Sugar crystals grow from a saturated solution with the slow evaporation of the solvent - water or with a slow decrease in temperature.

The following experiment allows you to obtain at home one of the most useful crystalline products for humans - crystalline iodine. Before conducting the experiment, I advise you to watch the short film “The Life of Wonderful Ideas” with your child. Smart iodine." The film gives an idea of ​​the benefits of iodine and the unusual story of its discovery, which the young researcher will remember for a long time. And it is interesting because the discoverer of iodine was an ordinary cat.

French scientist Bernard Courtois in the years Napoleonic wars noticed that the products obtained from the ashes of seaweed that washed up on the coast of France contained some substance that corroded iron and copper vessels. But neither Courtois himself nor his assistants knew how to isolate this substance from algae ash. An accident helped speed up the discovery.

At his small saltpeter production plant in Dijon, Courtois planned to conduct several experiments. There were vessels on the table, one of which contained a tincture of seaweed in alcohol, and the other a mixture of sulfuric acid and iron. His favorite cat was sitting on the scientist’s shoulders.

There was a knock on the door, and the frightened cat jumped and ran away, sweeping away the flasks on the table with her tail. The vessels broke, the contents were mixed, and a violent chemical reaction suddenly began. When a small cloud of vapors and gases settled, the surprised scientist saw some kind of crystalline coating on objects and debris. Courtois began to investigate it. The crystals of this previously unknown substance were called “iodine”.

So it was opened new element, and Bernard Courtois's pet cat went down in history.

Experiment No. 6 “Obtaining iodine crystals”

Reagents and equipment: tincture of pharmaceutical iodine, water, glass or cylinder, napkin.

Experiment: Mix water with iodine tincture in the proportion: 10 ml iodine and 10 ml water. And put everything in the refrigerator for 3 hours. During the cooling process, iodine will precipitate at the bottom of the glass. Drain the liquid, remove the iodine precipitate and place it on a napkin. Squeeze with napkins until the iodine begins to crumble.

Discussion: This chemical experiment is called extraction or extraction of one component from another. In this case, water extracts iodine from the alcohol solution. Thus, the young researcher will repeat the experiment of Courtois the cat without smoke and breaking of dishes.

Your child will already learn about the benefits of iodine for disinfecting wounds from the film. Thus, you will show that there is an inextricable connection between chemistry and medicine. However, it turns out that iodine can be used as an indicator or analyzer of the content of other useful substance– starch. The following experiment will introduce the young experimenter to a separate, very useful chemistry - analytical.

Experiment No. 7 “Iodine-indicator of starch content”

Reagents and equipment: fresh potatoes, pieces of banana, apple, bread, a glass of diluted starch, a glass of diluted iodine, a pipette.

Experiment: We cut the potatoes into two parts and drip diluted iodine on it - the potatoes turn blue. Then drop a few drops of iodine into a glass with diluted starch. The liquid also turns blue.

Using a pipette, drop iodine dissolved in water onto an apple, banana, bread, one at a time.

We observe:

The apple did not turn blue at all. Banana - slightly blue. The bread turned very blue. This part of the experiment shows the presence of starch in various products.

Discussion: Starch reacts with iodine to give a blue color. This property allows us to detect the presence of starch in various products. Thus, iodine is like an indicator or analyzer of starch content.

As you know, starch can be converted into sugar; if you take an unripe apple and drop iodine, it will turn blue, since the apple is not yet ripe. As soon as the apple is ripe, all the starch contained will turn into sugar and the apple, when treated with iodine, will not turn blue at all.

The following experience will be useful for children who have already started studying chemistry at school. It introduces concepts such as chemical reaction, compound reaction, and qualitative reaction.

Experiment No. 8 “Flame coloring or compound reaction”

Reagents and equipment: tweezers, table salt, alcohol lamp

Experiment: Using tweezers, take a few crystals of coarse table salt. Let's hold them over the flame of the burner. The flame will turn yellow.

Discussion: This experiment allows for a combustion chemical reaction, which is an example of a compound reaction. Due to the presence of sodium in table salt, during combustion it reacts with oxygen. As a result, a new substance is formed - sodium oxide. Appearance yellow flame indicates that the reaction has passed. Such reactions are qualitative reactions to compounds containing sodium, that is, they can be used to determine whether a substance contains sodium or not.

Water surrounds us from birth. We simply cannot live without it: we quench our thirst, use it in everyday life, in industry. We are so used to this substance that we don’t notice it amazing properties. In this article we will talk about unusual experiments with such a familiar liquid.

If you want to observe such experiments with your own eyes, we recommend that you watch the following video:

Interaction with oil

For this chemical experiment no special equipment is required, we will need two glasses, vegetable oil and a plastic card (or cup holder).

Cover the first container with a plastic card and place it on the second glass. We move the map aside, making a gap between the vessels.

As a result, the oil will end up in the upper glass, and the water in the lower glass, this is due to the difference in density.

Unusual boiling

Another interesting experiment with water. Heat the water until it is close to boiling. After this, it is immersed in the glass foreign object, for example, a pencil, the result is boiling.

This chemical experiment looks brighter if you use crumbly substances, such as sugar.

Fast freezing

Take two one and a half liter bottles of H 2 O, place them in the freezer for 2.5 hours at a temperature of -25 degrees.

Take out the vessel, hit it on the table - the water freezes right before your eyes.

Neo-Newtonian fluid

Everyone knows that it is impossible to walk on water, but is this true?

A swimming pool has been opened in Malaysia in which anyone can walk on a liquid solution. The whole secret lies in the neo-Newtonian fluid.

A similar experiment with water can be easily done at home. Starch and H2O are mixed in a one-to-one ratio, resulting in the formation of viscosity.

You cannot stand on such a substance, but you can quickly walk, run, and even dance.

Improvised microscope

Let's conduct an interesting experiment with water at home. We will need: a box of matches, a laser pointer and a small container.

Secure the match in the box so that it is an extension of one of the faces of the cube, then break it a little to create an angle.

Carefully apply the liquid to the broken match until a dangling drop forms. Direct laser pointer onto a vessel with H 2 O so that the beam passes through the drop.

The result of the experiment is quite colorful: on the ceiling you can see the smallest objects that are usually visible only with the help of special equipment.

A similar method using a smartphone is also possible. Just drop a little water on your phone's camera lens and the image will be magnified many times when you take a photo.

Balls in a frying pan

An amazing experience can be carried out using fire and a saucepan (or other metal container). Heat a saucepan and pour some liquid into it. She, as we expected, will evaporate.

But next time she will behave in an unusual way- will roll into balls that are very similar to mercury. Such an experiment can be carried out even in an ordinary tablespoon.

Unusual bun

To surprise your friends interesting experience, you'll need some chemical substances which are freely sold: sodium alginate (one gram), calcium lactate (five grams).

In a small vessel, mix H 2 O with the first reagent using a blender, leave for a while so that the substances are completely combined. In another bowl, mix the second powder with water.

Mix the first liquid with the second (in a ratio of ≈ 1 to 3). Five minutes later, an unusual substance appears that resembles either a jellyfish or a bun from a fairy tale.

Such a ball can be made colored using a syringe and ink. But keep in mind that its walls are not very dense and can be easily damaged.

Burning liquid

Wrap the sparklers with tape, leaving only the tips, set them on fire and immerse them in a vessel with H 2 O.

As a result, the fire not only does not go out, but also flares up even brighter. It feels as if the liquid itself is burning, the flame rising high above the vessel. The reason for this chemical composition chopsticks

Water management

You don't have to be a wizard to control liquid. All you need is knowledge of physics and a powerful speaker.

Under the influence of sound, H 2 O can change its movement, it all depends on the frequency and volume of the sound. This property of water helps to create unusual performances.

Jets of liquid create strange moving sculptures, bending as if they were affected by magic. The experiment can be carried out at home using a hose or various vessels.

DIY lamp

Many have seen unusual lava lamps on store shelves. But creating such an item is not at all difficult. You need salt, vegetable oil, dyes, a jar (or any other vessel of your choice).

Pour water and oil into the vessel, add dye and salt. The lava effect is created by the interaction of salt and oil.

We hope you enjoyed the experiments with water, which may also be useful to you.


Take it for yourself and tell your friends!

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