Manual movement of goods. Instructions for labor protection when carrying out loading and unloading operations and when moving goods manually Safety requirements for manual movement of goods

4.1. The maximum rate of carrying heavy loads on a flat and horizontal surface per person should not exceed:

For male teenagers from 16 to 18 years old - 4 kg;

For women: when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) -10 kg; constantly during the work shift - 7 kg;

For men over 18 years old - 50 kg.

Loads weighing more than 50 kg must be lifted by at least two workers (men).

4.2. Manual lifting of loads stacked more than 3 meters high is not permitted.

4.3. When carrying loads at the same time, the distance between workers (or groups of workers) carrying a unit of cargo (box, bag, etc.) must be at least 2 meters.

4.4. Carrying loads on a stretcher is allowed along a horizontal path for a distance of no more than 80 meters. The stretcher should be tipped over and lowered at the command of the worker walking behind. Carrying loads on stretchers up stairs is not allowed.

4.5. Long materials (logs, pipes, etc.) should be carried with special grips and devices. Carry long materials using crowbars, wooden beams and so on. not allowed.

4.6. Heavy piece cargo and packaged equipment should be tilted using roller crowbars and other devices. It is not allowed to roll or tilt the load onto yourself.

4.7. When manually carrying parts of tractors and agricultural machines assembled in small bundles, you must first check the strength of the bundle.

4.8. Carrying and loading of antiseptic timber is allowed only in special clothing (canvas jackets, trousers, leather mittens).

4.9. For manual loading (unloading) of long cargo (logs, beams with a length exceeding 1/3 of the length of the car body, tractor trailer, etc.), at least two people must be allocated, and they must use ropes of sufficient strength.

4.10. Workers should wear shoulder pads when carrying long loads. In this case, workers must be on one side of the load being carried.

4.11. When rolling barrels, wheels, etc., the worker must follow the load and control the speed of its movement.

Warehouse safety requirements

Cargo processing

5.1. To avoid accidents (pressing a leg or arm to the floor) and to ensure the convenience of subsequent cargo handling, heavy objects should be placed on special supports.

5.2. Loads should be stowed only in specially designated areas. Stowing cargo in aisles and driveways near electrical installations, electrical wires, switches, fire panels and conductive fittings is not permitted. The distance from the warehouse wall to the stack should be within 0.6 - 1.0 meters.

5.3. After stowing the cargo, in order to prevent its spontaneous movement, it is necessary to install special devices and devices ( side racks, gaskets, linings, supports, etc.).

5.4. In open areas in winter time To avoid subsidence and disruption of the vertical position of the stack, it is necessary to first clear the area of ​​debris and snow.

5.5. Drums with cables, ropes and other large cylindrical objects must be strengthened with holding devices (wedges, slats, boards, etc.) to prevent them from rolling out during installation. In this case, loads should only be placed on flat pads.

5.6. Parts of machines and implements with protruding sharp working parts should be placed in stacks or bags in such a way as to exclude the possibility of injury to people who come into contact with them during work.

Harrows should be stacked with their teeth inward, plowshares with their blades inward or in box pallets.

5.7. If sharp parts of agricultural machines (spring teeth of cultivators, pickers, etc.) are stored in stacks, beware of collapse of the stacks during their disassembly.

5.8. When stacking long and heavy loads and components of agricultural machines, it is necessary to use de-

wooden spacers or stand racks.

5.9. Tires of cars and tractors should be placed on rack shelves only in vertical position.

5.10. When forming a stack, it is advisable to place heavier loads in the lower rows.

5.11. When forming stacks of boxes, it is necessary to leave vertical gaps of at least 0.5 meters between the boxes.

5.12. Packages from boxes of various sizes can be stacked only if the stack is stable and level.

5.13. Loaded flat pallets can be stacked to a height that guarantees the safety of the packaging of the lower pallets.

5.14. Before stacking goods, the rack cells must be cleaned of dirt, packaging and preservation residues. It is not allowed to place cargo on faulty racks or overload the racks.

5.16. Loading tractors into vehicles should be done with special grips, and for tractor trailers - with a frame traverse.

5.17. Timber should be stacked in stacks no more than 2 meters high on a stacking base no less than 35 cm thick.

A stack height of more than 2 meters is allowed, provided that the width of the stack interval is not less than the height of the stack.

5.18. The laying of rolled products should be done so that the ends of the end sides of the stacks located near the aisles are laid out evenly, regardless of the length of the stacked rods, pipes, etc.

5.19. When laying metal in closed warehouses, a passage of at least 0.7 meters wide must be provided between the end of the stack and the wall.

5.20. For safe travel, transport and loading vehicles when laying stacks, they must be positioned in such a way that the distance between the stacks exceeds the width of the vehicles (loaders, trolleys, etc.) by at least 0.8 meters, and if it is necessary to ensure oncoming traffic, double the width vehicle plus 1.2 meters.

5.21. When laying a stack of lumber, the following safety requirements must be met:

Move 3 meters away from the package being lifted in the direction opposite to its movement;

Guide the package with a hook with a handle at least 1 meter long;

Remove lifting devices only after lowering them onto the stack;

Pull the slings out from under the package manually.

5.22. It is not allowed to stand on the edge of the stack or on the ends of the interpacket spacers, or use a crane to climb onto or down the stack.

5.23. It is not allowed to stack piles of lumber under electrical wires. The distance from buildings to stacks of large timber and lumber should be at least 15 and 30 meters, respectively.

5.24. It is necessary to stop stacking and dismantling when strong wind(6 points), heavy rain, snowfall and thick fog (visibility of at least 50 meters).

5.25. Leaning stacks may only be dismantled during the day, in accordance with a previously developed work method under the supervision of the person responsible for loading and unloading operations.

5.26. It is not allowed to carry out work on two adjacent stacks at the same time.

5.27. It is not allowed to load and send materials to the consumer in non-standard or faulty containers.

5.28. When packaging cargo to be sent over long distances with overloads of different kinds transport, as well as cargo whose weight exceeds 20 kg, wooden boxes with a load must be strengthened by tying the ends with steel tape or wire.

5.29. Before loading the container, you must check its serviceability.

The parts should be placed tightly in the container so that they do not fall out when the doors are opened. The load on the floor of the container should be distributed evenly.

5.30. Container doors must close freely; for this, when placing cargo in a container, it is necessary to leave free space from 3 to 5 cm.

5.31. After loading the container, it is necessary to check the tightness of its doors.

5.32. To avoid injury to your legs due to parts falling out, you should be on the side when opening container doors.

5.33. When forming a rack of small containers, it is not allowed to keep several container doors open at the same time, as this can lead to injury to workers servicing the rack.

5.34. Containers can only be moved around the warehouse using specially adapted forklifts, and containers should be placed on supports.

5.35. Unauthorized persons are prohibited from being present in the stacker crane operating area. The presence of workers and unauthorized persons in the work area, the exit of rack stacker cranes from the racks and in the area of ​​transfer carts is not allowed.

5.36. In the area of ​​operation of stacker cranes there must be inscriptions and posters warning workers about the danger of being in the area of ​​operation of the machines.

5.37. When servicing the stacker crane, you should be careful and attentive. It must be remembered that the stacker crane operator has limited visibility into the loading and unloading areas.

5.38. Vehicles supplied to the work area of ​​the stacker crane must be located on a specially designated area.

5.39. Before transporting cargo to a stacker crane, you must make sure that the weight of the cargo, taking into account the tare weight, does not exceed the rated load capacity of the stacker crane.

5.41. In order to prevent rolling out, pipes should be laid in horizontal rows, alternately lengthwise and crosswise. Steel and cast iron pipes large diameters with couplings and sockets should be stored in open areas in horizontal rows. In this case, rows of pipes must be laid with sockets in opposite directions.

5.42. Rolled wire coils arriving at the warehouse in bundles should be laid on a wooden floor in bulk with a height of no more than 1.6 meters.

5.43. When stored in stacks, hot-rolled and cold-tensioned strips in coils should be placed on wooden pallets and installed in stacks no more than 2 meters high.

5.44. Equipment, instruments, materials during their storage must be stacked as follows:

Bricks in bags on pallets - no more than two tiers, in containers - one, without containers - no more than 1.7 meters high;

Foundation blocks and basement wall blocks - in a stack no more than 2.6 meters high on pads and gaskets;

Wall beams - stacked in two tiers on pads and gaskets;

Wall panels- in cassettes or pyramids;

Partition panels - in a stack no more than 2.5 meters high on pads or gaskets;

Garbage chute blocks - in a stack no more than 2.5 meters high;

Crossbars and columns - in a stack up to 2 meters high on pads and gaskets;

Tile materials (asbestos-cement tiles, asbestos-cement sheets and flat asbestos-cement slabs) - in stacks up to 1 meter high;

Hollow asbestos-cement slabs - in a stack of up to 15 rows;

Tiles (cement-sand and clay) - in a stack up to 1 meter high, laid on edge with spacers;

Small-grade metal - in a rack no more than 1.5 meters high;

Sanitary and ventilation blocks - in a stack no more than 2.5 meters high on pads and gaskets;

Heating devices (radiators, etc.) in separate sections or assembled - in a stack no more than 1 meter high;

Large and heavy equipment and its parts - in one row on linings;

Bitumen - in dense containers that prevent its spreading, or in special pits with their fencing;

Ferrous rolled metals (sheet steel, channels, I-beams, section steel) - in a stack up to 1.5 meters high with linings and gaskets;

Thermal insulation materials - in a stack up to 1.2 meters high and stored in a closed, dry room;

Pipes with a diameter of up to 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 meters high on linings;

Pipes with a diameter of more than 300 mm - in a stack up to 3 meters high in a saddle without gaskets.

5.45. Rewind and unwind the cable and wire using a special marking mechanism. Before cutting the cable from the cut point in one direction or another to 15 - 20 cm, it should be secured with wire to prevent spontaneous unwinding and injury.

5.46. Loads in boxes and bags that are not packaged must be stacked and tied together. To ensure stability of the stack, slats should be laid every 2-3 rows of boxes and boards should be laid every 5-6 rows of bags in height.

5.47. When storing boxes of fruit on pallets, the length of the stacks should be no more than 10 and the height no more than 4 meters.

5.48. Boxes with bottled and canned products should be stacked in stacks no more than 2 meters high, and when stored on pallets - up to 3.5 meters in two tiers.

5.49. Dismantling of stacks must be done only from the top evenly along the entire length.

5.50. For safe travel lifting mechanisms when laying stacks, they must be positioned in such a way that the distance between the stacks exceeds the width of the loaded transport (forklifts, trolleys, etc.) by at least 0.8 meters, and if it is necessary to ensure oncoming traffic, the width of the transport plus 1.5 meters .

5.51. Rolled paper should be stacked at a height of no more than three rows with spacers made of boards between the rows. The outermost rolls should be secured with stops.

5.52. Dust-like materials (flour, sugar, etc.) are stored in silos, bunkers, chests and other closed containers, taking measures against spraying during loading and unloading. Loading funnels must be closed with protective grilles, and the hatches in the protective grilles must be locked.

5.53. Silos, bunkers and other containers must be equipped with devices for mechanical collapse of arches (hanging) materials. If necessary, workers can be lowered into bunkers and silos in a special cradle using a winch.

To perform work inside silos and bunkers, at least three workers, two of whom, being on the ceiling of a silo or bunker, must monitor the safety of those working in the bunker and, if necessary, provide assistance to the injured.

Workers inside the bunker (silo) must be provided with respirators.

5.54. Packing sugar in bags, weighing, transporting them to warehouses, stacking, dismantling stacks, loading into vehicles and railway cars must be mechanized.

5.55. Bags of granulated sugar up to 50 kg during mechanized stacking and dismantling of stacks can be stacked in no more than 46 rows.

5.56. The stacking height of bags with refined sugar is allowed no more than 8 rows, with sawn, lump and pressed refined sugar - 7 rows and with ordinary pressed refined sugar - 6 rows. Boxes with refined sugar are stacked in height no more than 12 rows.

5.57. When stacking sugar stacks in warehouses, the following distances must be provided:

Along the perimeter of warehouses - at least 0.7 meters from walls or protruding structures;

Between the stacks and the conveyor - at least 1.0 meters;

Between stacks - at least 0.3 meters.

5.58. Place salt on the sites in piles in the form of a cone or truncated pyramid.

5.59. Warehousing finished products(packaged salt, salt briquettes) in working service areas technological equipment not allowed.

5.60. Bags of flour for storage in a warehouse must be stacked on special racks in sections of three or five bags (tees or fives) in compliance with the order of linking the stacked bags and the perpendicularity of the stack.

Bags should be stacked manually in a stack no more than 8 high, and by mechanized means no more than 12 rows high.

5.61. The width of the main aisles in flour warehouses when moving flour on hand carts should be left at least 1.5 meters, when moving on carts with lifting platforms - at least 2.5 meters, and when moving on auto-, electric forklifts - at least 3 meters.

5.62. Passages between stacks of flour with a width of at least 0.75 m must be every 12 meters.

5.63. Bags of fertilizers must be placed on flat pallets in a bandage and evenly distributed so that each of them protrudes beyond the edge of the pallet by no more than 50 mm.

5.64. Pesticides in warehouses should be placed in sections, taking into account their physicochemical, technical and flammable properties.

5.65. Pesticides packaged in drums, metal drums with a capacity of more than 50 liters and boxes should be stored in stacks on flat pallets.

5.66. When storing raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products on sites, barrels, drums and bottles should be installed in groups, no more than 100 pieces each, with gaps between groups of at least 1 meter.

Bottles must be protected by braiding, baskets, wooden laths and so on.

5.67. Storing workwear, textile materials and footwear together with acids and alkalis and flammable materials is not allowed.

5.68. Upon arrival at the special clothing warehouse in large quantities bales and bundles of it on flat special or mesh pallets must be placed in rack cells or in a stack.

Workwear arriving at the warehouse in small quantities, in small packages or individually, should be placed in the cells of the rack.

NON-MECHANIZED TRANSPORT WORKS
Technical part

1. Non-mechanized transport work may be performed in exceptional cases, only if it is impossible to use mechanized methods of loading, unloading and moving materials (cargo) and in small quantities.
2. The distances for moving materials (loads) provided for by the standards are calculated along a horizontal path. When moving materials (cargo) along paths that have ascents or descents in the cargo direction, to determine the calculated (reduced to horizontal) distance of movement, the following should be added to the actual length of the path traveled: for each meter of ascent of the path - 10 m, and for each meter of descent - 8 m; for ascents and descents of less than 4%, no addition is made.
3. The standards of the chapter provide for the movement and loading of materials (crushed stone, pebbles, clay, etc.) that are in a loosened state outside the place of their development.
The movement of soils with loosening in places of their development is standardized according to Collection E2 “Earthworks”, vol. 1 “Mechanized and manual excavation work.”
4. Depending on the ease of picking up and carrying, materials (loads) are divided into handy and unhandy.
Handy materials include materials (loads) in rolls, bundles, bags, boxes, bags, coils, barrels, buckets (non-flammable, non-toxic liquid) and other goods that are convenient to carry.
Unhandy loads include window frames, door panels, reinforcement bars, boards, bars, beams, logs, loads that require special care (glass, tanks with hot compounds) and other loads that impede and slow down movement.

§ E1-19. Carrying materials (cargo)

Scope of work

When carried directly on yourself
1. Taking materials (loads) from a stack or from the ground.
2. Lifting the load.
3. Moving with a load.
4. Dropping or lowering materials (loads) to the ground with storage.
5. Return.

When carried on a stretcher or in other small containers

1. Loading materials (cargo) by throwing or laying on.
2. Carrying cargo.
3. Unloading by tipping, throwing or stacking.
4. Return.

Time standards and prices for meters indicated in the table

I approve
Director
LLC "name of organization"
_______________FULL NAME.
"____"___________2012

I N S T R U C T I O N No. ___
on occupational safety and health
for workers during loading and unloading
work and movement of goods

1. General safety and health requirements

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, have been specially trained, have mastered the requirements of this instruction and have a certificate of knowledge testing are allowed to perform loading and unloading operations.
1.2. All newly hired employees are allowed to perform duties only after completing an introductory briefing on safety and labor protection and initial briefing at the workplace.
1.3. The introductory briefing is carried out by the head of the occupational safety and health service or a labor protection specialist. Introductory briefing is carried out with all those hired, regardless of education, work experience, as well as with business travelers, students or students arriving for on-the-job training or internship, according to a specially developed program, which takes into account all the features of work, approved by the management of the organization.
1.4. Initial briefing at the workplace, repeated, unscheduled and one-time training is carried out by the immediate supervisor of the work. A record of the briefing and knowledge testing is made in the employee’s personal briefing card with the obligatory signature of the person being instructed and the person instructing.
1.5. Initial training at the workplace is carried out with each employee individually. At the same time, it is mandatory to demonstrate safe techniques and work methods.
1.6. All workers, after initial instruction at the workplace and testing of knowledge, must perform work under the supervision of a foreman or more experienced worker for 3-5 shifts. After this, permission to work independently is issued.
1.7. All workers, regardless of qualifications, education and work experience, undergo repeated training at least after 3 months.
1.8. Unscheduled briefing is carried out when there is a change in labor safety and health rules, technological process, replacement or modernization of equipment, fixtures and tools, raw materials, materials, violation of labor safety requirements by employees, which led to injury, accident, fire, explosion.
Unscheduled briefing is carried out individually or with a group of workers of the same profession in the scope of initial briefing at the workplace.
1.9. A one-time (or targeted) briefing is carried out with employees before starting work for which a permit is issued.
Conducting a one-time (or targeted) briefing is recorded in the work permit.
1.10. The management of the organization, within a month from the date of enrollment of the worker on the staff, is obliged to train him safe methods conducting work. Before completing training, they are not allowed to perform work independently (without supervision from experienced workers appointed with their consent by the administration).
1.11. At the end of the training, and thereafter annually, workers’ knowledge of safe work methods must be tested.
1.12. Knowledge testing is carried out by a commission appointed by order of the head of the organization.
1.13. Training in safe labor methods for newly hired workers is carried out in accordance with GOST 12.0.004-90 SSBT and “Standard regulations on training and advanced training of workers directly in production.”
1.14. Workers engaged in high-risk work with hazardous working conditions must undergo periodic medical examinations.
1.15. Loading and unloading operations are carried out under the supervision of responsible person, appointed by order of the head of the organization performing these works.
1.16. Loading and unloading operations are carried out, as a rule, mechanized. For loads weighing more than 50 kg and when lifting loads to a height of more than 2 m, the use of mechanization is mandatory.
1.17. Norms are extremely permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually, extremely permissible weight load (kg) depending on the nature of the work is given below.
Lifting and moving heavy objects when alternating with other work - 15 kg.
Lifting weights to a height of 1.5-3m -10kg.
The total mass of cargo moved during a work shift should not exceed 7000 kg (the mass of the lifted cargo includes the mass of containers and packaging).
When moving loads on trolleys or in containers, the applied force should not exceed 150 N.
It is prohibited to carry loads on a stretcher along ladders or ladders.
1.18. According to the “Standard Industry Standards for the free issuance of workwear, footwear and other equipment personal protection“For loading and unloading operations, it is necessary to issue a cotton suit for 12 months, canvas mittens for one month, and a helmet for 24 months. In winter, a cotton jacket with insulated lining and felt boots.
1.19. Sanitary facilities (dressing rooms, washrooms, showers, toilets, etc.) are equipped at the loading and unloading area. All workers are provided with drinking water.
1.20. At the loading and unloading area it is necessary to have a first aid kit with medicines and supplies to provide first aid to victims.
1.21. When working on outdoors during severe frosts, work breaks are arranged to warm workers in accordance with the regulations of the regional administration.
1.22. Only slingers who have a certificate for the right to perform these works are allowed to sling loads.
1.23. Loading and unloading operations with dusty materials (cement, lime, gypsum, etc.) must be performed mechanized. Handmade for unloading cement at a temperature of 40 degrees or more are not allowed.
1.24. It is not allowed for people to be present or for vehicles to move in the area of ​​possible falling loads when loading and unloading with lifting and transport equipment.
1.25. The worker is obliged:
--- comply with internal rules labor regulations established at the enterprise, smoke only in designated areas, do not allow drinking alcoholic beverages;
--- have with you a certificate of testing knowledge of safe methods and techniques for performing work;
--- perform only the work that is assigned to him and for which he is instructed;
--- comply with the requirements of these instructions;
--- report to your immediate supervisor about malfunctions and malfunctions that make it impossible to continue safe work;
--- do not allow unauthorized persons to be present at the workplace;
--- provide first first aid the victim of an industrial accident, if possible preserving the situation at the scene of the incident, report the incident to his immediate supervisor;
--- comply with fire safety requirements.
While on the territory of an industrial site or construction site, perform following rules:
--- do not pass in places not intended for crossing;
--- do not cross paths ahead of moving vehicles;
--- be attentive to signals given by crane operators and drivers of moving vehicles;
--- do not be under a raised load;
--- do not crawl under standing cars and do not climb over the couplings of cars;
--- do not walk on railway tracks;
--- do not turn on or stop (except in emergency cases) machines, machines, mechanisms, the work of which is not assigned;
--- be careful in winter when going up or down stairs, bridges, ramps;
--- Do not jump over the trench ditches.
1.26. Access roads to sites must have a hard surface and be maintained in good condition; in winter, descents and ascents must be cleared of ice and sprinkled with sand or slag. As an exception, improved natural access roads are allowed to ensure traffic safety.
At the intersections of access roads, canals, trenches, and railway lines, decking and crossing bridges must be constructed. The width of access roads must be at least 6.2 m for two-way traffic and at least 3.5 m for one-way traffic with appropriate widening at road curves.
1.27. Places for loading and unloading operations must be located in a specially designated area with a hard and level surface. It is allowed to carry out loading and unloading operations on planned sites with hard soil capable of absorbing the design load from cargo and lifting and transport machines.
Areas for loading and unloading operations must be planned and have a slope of no more than 5 degrees.
1.28. Loading and unloading areas must be of dimensions that provide a normal scope of work for the required number of vehicles and workers.
When placing cars on loading and unloading areas, the distance between cars standing behind each other must be at least 1 m, and between cars standing next to each other - at least 1.5 m.
If vehicles are installed for loading or unloading near a building, a gap of at least 0.5 m must be maintained between the building and the rear side of the vehicle body, and there must be a sidewalk or impact beam. The distance between the car and the stack of cargo should not be less than 1 m.
1.29. The coverage of the site should be equivalent to that of the access roads.
Littering and icing of the site is not allowed.
The movement of vehicles on loading and unloading areas and access roads to them must be regulated by generally accepted road signs and indicators.
As a rule, the movement should be in-line.
If in force production conditions In-line traffic cannot be organized, then vehicles must be reversed for loading and unloading in such a way that they leave the site area freely, without maneuvering.
Tables of weights, loads, slinging diagrams, posters depicting safe methods of loading and unloading operations, signs “Enter”, “Exit”, “Turn”, traffic patterns, etc. should be posted on the sites.
1.30. Places where loading and unloading operations are carried out, including passages or driveways, must have sufficient lighting in accordance with SNiP.
1.31. Overpasses from which people are thrown bulk cargo, must be designed with an appropriate safety margin to withstand the full load of a truck of a certain brand, be firmly fenced on the sides and be equipped with fenders.
1.32. At sites for loading and unloading containerized piece goods stored in warehouses, platforms, overpasses, and ramps with a height equal to the height of the floor of the car body must be installed.
In cases of unequal height of the floor of the car body and the platform, ladders, slides, slides, etc. should be used.
1.33. The floors of platforms on which loads are moved must be level.
Passages for moving goods must comply with standards.
1.34. Warehouses located in basements and floors basements and having stairs with more than one flight or a height of more than 1.5 m, are equipped with hatches and ladders for lowering cargo directly into warehouse space and lifts for lifting loads. Warehouses located above the first floor are equipped with lifts for lowering and lifting cargo.
1.35. In case of mass and centralized transportation, before sending vehicles, loading and unloading mechanisms and workers to the place of loading and unloading of goods, the administration of the motor vehicle fleet is obliged to check whether the working conditions of the senders and recipients of these goods comply with safety and labor protection requirements. If working conditions do not ensure the safety of loading and unloading operations, it is prohibited to send vehicles and people to the loading and unloading site until the deficiencies are eliminated.
1.36. You should regularly use sanitary facilities:
dressing rooms, washrooms, showers, which prevents infectious and other diseases.
1.37. The requirements of this instruction are mandatory. Failure to comply with these requirements is considered a violation of labor and production discipline.
Before being allowed to work, workers must be given this instruction for painting.

2. Safety and labor protection requirements before starting work.
2.1. Receive from the foreman, engineer, head of the workshop (service) an assignment and instructions on safe methods and techniques of work and the sequence of performing the production task.
2.2. Wear the provided working clothing and safety shoes. Tuck your hair under your headdress. In accordance with the assignment, take protective equipment from the pantry.
2.3. Check the serviceability of tools and accessories.
2.4. Inspect and put in order workstations and aisles.
2.5. If you identify any problems that prevent you from starting safe work, report to the work manager and do not start work until they are eliminated.

3. Safety and health requirements during work
3.1. Safety requirements for storing goods.
3.1.1 Workers involved in loading and unloading operations must know the safety rules when storing materials. It is necessary to store materials only in the places specified in the work plan.
3.1.2. Place materials, products, equipment and its parts on leveled and solid platforms, taking measures against spontaneous displacement.
3.1.3. Materials, products, instruments and equipment when manually stacked for storage must be stacked as follows:
bricks on pallets - in 2 tiers and subject to packing density:
brick without containers - no more than 1.7 m high or 25 rows flat or 13 rows on edge:
tile materials – stacks up to 1 m high; lumber - in a stack, the height of which when stacked in rows should be no more than half the width of the stack, and when laid in cages - no more than the width of the stack;
small-grade metal - in racks no more than 1.5 m high;
heating devices (radiators, etc.) in the form of separate sections or assembled - in a stack of no more than 1 m;
thermal insulation materials - in a stack up to 1.2 m high and stored in a closed, dry room.
3.1.4. The stacking height of finished slate should not exceed 1.75 m.
The deviation of the upper lateral edge of the foot in relation to the lower one is allowed no more than 100 mm.
3.1.5. Rolls of finished products (from bitumen and tar materials) should be stored in a warehouse in a vertical position in stacks. The rolls should be laid in only 2 rows in height.
3.1.6. Use appropriate containers for storing and transporting small similar products and waste.
3.1.7. Distance from stacks of materials and equipment to the edge natural slope or fastening the recess must be at least 1 m.
3.1.8. The aisles between stacks of bags and containers in an asbestos warehouse must be at least 1 m.
3.1.9. When storing materials in warehouses, stack bags and boxes in a bandage that prevents the stack from collapsing.
3.1.10. The height of stacks of bags should be no more than 2.5 m, when laying containerized cement on pallets - no more than 3.5 m.
3.1.11. Between stacks in warehouses there must be passages with a width of at least 1 m, passages, the width of which depends on the dimensions of vehicles and loading and unloading devices serving the warehouse.
Leaning or supporting materials and products against fences or elements of temporary and permanent structures is not permitted.
3.1.12. Empty (unusable) containers, packaging materials, and garbage should be placed in places indicated by the head of loading and unloading operations.
3.2. Safety requirements during manual loading and unloading operations:
3.2.1. Loading and unloading operations in places remote from the main facilities (sparsely populated) must be carried out by at least 2 workers.
3.2.2. Carry loads on a stretcher along a horizontal path only in exceptional cases for a distance of no more than 50 m.
3.2.3. When carrying a load on a stretcher, keep pace; the command to lower the stretcher must be given by the worker walking behind.
When carrying loads manually, workers must maintain an interval of at least 3 m. Take loads only from the top of a stack or heap.
3.2.4. When moving box loads, in order to avoid injury to hands, each box must be inspected first. Protruding nails and ends of iron strapping must be hammered in.
3.2.5. When stacking loads, coordinate your actions with the actions of nearby workers.
3.2.6. When working on stacks more than 1.5 m high, use portable inventory platforms and stepladders to move from one stack to another.
3.2.7. When unloading and loading dusty cargo, use dust-proof goggles and respirators. Workwear worn during loading and unloading work with dust-producing materials must be dust-free daily. It is not allowed to throw corrosive dusty substances during loading and unloading.
3.2.8. Workers who carry out work wearing gas masks or respirators must periodically rest and remove the gas mask or respirator.
The filter of a gas mask and respirator must be changed as it becomes dirty, but at least once per shift.
3.2.9. Unload small piece goods (bricks) manually onto a tray installed at an angle of no more than 40 degrees to the horizontal.
3.2.10. Loads in barrels, drums and rolls must be loaded manually, by rolling, provided that the warehouse is at the same level as the floor of the car body.
3.2.11. If the warehouse is located below the level of the floor of the car body, loading and unloading of roll-and-barrel cargoes should be done manually by two workers, with the weight of one piece not exceeding 80 kg, and if the weight of one piece is more than 80 kg, these loads must be loaded using strong ropes.
Carrying roller-barrel loads on the back, regardless of their weight, is not permitted.
3.2.12. Loading and unloading of cable drums and other similar cargo should be done mechanized; in exceptional cases, it is allowed to load and unload using inclined platforms or with cargo held by ropes on the opposite side. Workers should be located to the side of the load being lifted.
It is not permitted to stand in front of a load being rolled up or behind a load being rolled up along slopes or slopes.
It is not permitted to roll loads over horizontal plane, pushing them over the edges.
3.2.13. Move heavy piece materials, as well as boxes with equipment, using special roller crowbars or rollers.
3.2.14. Rollers for moving bulky, heavy loads must be strong, level and of sufficient length, and their ends should not protrude from the load by more than 0.4 m.
3.2.15. Place heavy loads on the floor on a pad. Carrying long loads (rails, beams, pipes, etc.) should be carried out manually only in exceptional cases and by a number of workers on the basis that each worker will carry no more than 50 kg of load weight.
When carrying long loads by a group of workers, keep up, carry the load on the same shoulder, lift, lower and dump the load only at the command of the foreman or senior worker.
3.2.16. Rails, beams and other heavy long materials are transported using special grippers (pincers).
Carrying these materials on the handles of shovels, etc. prohibited.
3.2.17. To unload heavy loads, use slings that correspond to the weight of the load. The lower ends of the legs should be wedge-shaped and bound with strip steel, and metal hoops should be placed on the upper ends to protect them from splitting.
3.2.18. Loading and unloading rails and metal beams permitted on sledges made of rails, beams, logs, the ends of which are on the ground and must be firmly secured with wedges.
Loading and unloading rails longer than 15.5 m manually is not permitted.
3.2.19. Experienced workers who have undergone appropriate additional training and instruction are allowed to load, unload and carry explosive, poisonous, flammable cargo, as well as acids, alkalis and other corrosive substances.
Processing of these goods should be carried out during the day, and at night - in good lighting.
3.2.20. Loading or unloading of especially dangerous cargo should be carried out in the presence of a responsible warehouse employee releasing or receiving the cargo.
3.2.21. Transportation of acids and alkalis in glass containers from the place of unloading to the warehouse and from the warehouse to the place of loading is carried out in stretchers, etc., adapted for this purpose, ensuring complete safety.
Wheelbarrows, carts, stretchers and other devices must be equipped with slots according to the size of the container. The walls of the nests must be upholstered soft material. Install bottles and other glass containers from the side, for which the nests must be equipped with side doors with locks that prevent their spontaneous opening.
3.2.22. Carry bottles of acid by the handles of the basket only after first checking the bottom of the basket and handles.
If damage to the container is detected, immediately call the manager responsible for loading, who must indicate safe ways production of work.
Carrying bottles with acid and alkali on your back, shoulders and in front of you is not allowed.
Handle empty acid and alkali containers with care, as they may contain acid or alkali residues.
Do not tilt empty bottles.
3.2.23. Move barrels, drums, boxes with caustic substances on special carts.
3.2.24. When loading, unloading and transporting compressed gas cylinders, the following requirements will be met:
--- transportation should be carried out in a horizontal position on special trolleys, stretchers, with nests for cylinders, upholstered in felt, only with screwed-on protective caps;
--- Combined transportation of oxygen and acetylene cylinders (filled or empty) is not permitted, with the exception of the delivery of 2 cylinders on a special trolley to the welding department;
--- Carrying oxygen cylinders on the shoulders is not allowed.
3.2.25. Flammable and combustible liquids should be transported in hermetically sealed containers. metal containers, when unloading, do not throw them on the ground to avoid spills and possible fire.
3.3. Safety requirements during loading and unloading operations in road transport.
3.3.1. Loads transported by car are divided into 3 categories depending on their weight:
1st - cargo, the mass of one piece of which is less than 80 kg, as well as loose, small-piece and transported in bulk;
2nd - loads with a mass of one piece of 80-500 kg;
3rd - loads whose weight per piece is more than 500 kg.
3.3.2. According to the degree of danger, cargo is divided into 4 groups:
low-hazard (building materials, food products, etc.); dangerous in size; dusty or burning (cement, mineral fertilizers, asphalt, bitumen) and dangerous goods, which in turn are divided into 9 classes.
Class 1 includes explosives.
to the 2nd - gases compressed, liquefied and dissolved under pressure.
to the 3rd - flammable liquids, mixtures of liquids, as well as liquids contained in a solution or suspension that emit flammable vapors having a flash point in a closed container of +61 degrees and below.
to the 4th - flammable substances and materials that can easily ignite during transportation from external sources as a result of friction, moisture absorption, spontaneous chemical transformations when heated.
to the 5th - oxidizing substances and organic peroxides that can easily release oxygen, support combustion and can, under appropriate conditions or in a mixture with other substances, cause spontaneous ignition and explosion.
by the 6th - toxic and infectious substances.
by the 7th - radioactive substances.
by the 8th - caustic and corrosive substances.
to the 9th - substances with a relatively low danger, but requiring application to them certain rules transportation and storage.
3.3.3. Cargoes of the 1st category can be moved manually at a distance of no more than 25 m. Bulk cargo can be moved at a distance of up to 3.5 m. Over long distances, such cargo must be transported by mechanisms and devices.
Loads of categories 2 and 3 must be moved only by mechanization.
3.3.4. Loading and unloading operations are carried out under the supervision of a responsible person appointed by the administration of the enterprises using road transport or by agreement with the enterprise performing loading and unloading operations.
3.3.5. Loading and unloading of cargo, fastening and unfastening them on a vehicle is carried out by the forces and means of the shipper and consignee. Loads must be secured to the vehicle body under the control of the driver. The use of drivers for loading and unloading operations is not permitted.
3.3.6. Cleaning the body of a dump truck from the remains of loose, viscous and semi-viscous materials, mortars, concrete, asphalt, etc. must be done by the forces and means of the consignee.
3.3.7. Clean raised dump truck bodies with scrapers or shovels with extended handles. Workers carrying out cleaning must be on the ground. It is not allowed to clean the body while standing on the sides.
3.3.8. Travel in trucks not suitable for carrying passengers is permitted to persons accompanying the cargo; their names must be indicated on the waybill.
3.3.9. Open the hatches of cement trucks and unfasten cargo in the presence of a representative of the consignee.
3.3.10. Before opening the sides, make sure that the cargo is securely positioned in the body of the vehicle (trailer). Two workers must simultaneously open the side of the car body (trailer) under the control of the driver. When opening a van-type body, workers must stand behind the door leaf. At night, the body must be illuminated from the inside.
3.3.11. When loading cargo from a platform or overpass onto a vehicle, it is necessary to lay a bridge to ensure the safety of workers’ crossing.
3.3.12. When loading bulk cargo in quarries manually, workers should be located to the side of the vehicle.
3.3.13. When loading piece goods, take into account that the height of the load should not exceed the overall height of passages under bridges and overpasses encountered along the route, and be more than 3.8 m from the road surface to the highest point of the load. Loads must be secured, tied with strong, serviceable rigging or installed so that they do not spontaneously shift during transportation. enjoy metal rope not allowed. Workers tying cargo should only be on the loading and unloading area.
3.3.14. Small piece and bulk cargo should be lifted in containers. In this case, the load must be 10 cm below the sides of the container. It is prohibited to lift loads in the form of packages without devices that prevent individual elements from falling out of the package. When lifting a load simultaneously with 2 cranes, it is necessary to ensure uniform distribution of the load on the plane. When moving the load horizontally, it should be raised at least 0.5 m above any obstacles encountered along the way. If the load being lifted has loose parts, they must be removed or strengthened so that they cannot fall. While lifting the load, it is prohibited to take breaks and leave the load suspended. In case of a forced break in lifting, the load should be securely secured with additional slings or other means.
3.3.15. The load must be lowered so that the slings are not pinched by it and can be easily removed. The slings can be removed only after the load has been installed on the support. When laying round loads on a plane, it is necessary to install stops and spacers to prevent the load from rolling away. When lifting and turning, bulky loads can be moved using a guy (brace) made of steel or hemp rope of the required length. It is also possible to use durable hooks for this purpose.
3.3.16. It is prohibited to crawl under a raised load to supply a sling. In this case, the slings must be secured with hooks made of thick wire or hooks. The slings are placed in the center of the load, after which the load is secured to the hooks. Before lifting the load, all unauthorized persons must be kept at a safe distance.
3.3.17. If a fault is detected in the cargo strapping, it must be lowered and the fault repaired. Adjusting the load and branches of the sling with blows of a sledgehammer or with a crowbar is not allowed.
3.3.18. When placing cargo in the body of a car, trailer and semi-trailer, the following basic rules must be observed:
bulk cargo should not rise above the sides of the body; it should be placed evenly over the entire floor area of ​​the body;
containerized cargo is stacked tightly without gaps to avoid their spontaneous movement while the vehicle is moving;
Wooden spacers or spacers can be used to seal the load;
barrels with liquid cargo are installed with the plugs facing up, each row is laid on spacers made of boards with all outer rows wedged;
heavy small-sized cargo is placed in the front part of the car body;
The bottles are installed in the body with their necks up and strengthened in such a way that they do not move or tip over while the vehicle is moving, stopping and turning. When installing them in two rows, there must be spacers between the rows to protect the bottom row from damage during transportation.
3.3.19. Bulk loading of flammable cargo into wooden car bodies is not permitted.
3.3.20. Load, unload, place bottles with acids, alkalis, etc. in transport position. two workers must.
3.3.21. When moving cylinders with compressed and liquefied gases take measures against shocks and impacts. It is not permitted to transport oxygen cylinders together with oils, as well as flammable and flammable liquids.
3.3.22. Oxygen cylinders are immersed in clean bodies and trailers that do not have any traces of oil, otherwise there is a danger of explosion. There should be no oil stains on the tarpaulin used to cover the cylinders.
3.3.23. The body of a car (trailer) for transporting cylinders with liquefied and compressed gases must be equipped with racks and recesses according to the size of the cylinders, covered with felt. Racks must have locking devices that protect cylinders from shaking and shock. In the absence of racks, gaskets can be hemp rope with a diameter of at least 25 mm or rubber rings placed on the cylinders. Cylinders cannot be transported without gaskets. Cylinders are transported horizontally.
3.3.24. Transporting cylinders in a car in an upright position is permitted only in special containers if there are access roads at the loading and unloading points. At the same time, loading and unloading of containers must be mechanized. Propane cylinders may be transported in an upright position without containers.
3.3.25. Cylinders in summer time covered with a tarpaulin to protect heating from sunlight.
3.3.26. The combined loading of cylinders with oxygen, acetylene, propane, butane and other explosive and flammable gases is prohibited. The combined loading of compressed, liquefied, dissolved gases and flammable liquids with toxic substances, food products, radioactive substances, substances that support combustion, with nitric acid and sulfo-nitrogen mixtures, organic peroxides, detonating fuses, railway firecrackers, anhydrous hydrochloric acid, liquid air, oxygen and nitrogen. Fluorine must not be placed together with explosives and objects, as well as with objects charged with explosives. IN in public places settlements loading and unloading of anhydrous hydrobromic acid, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and phosgene dioxide is possible only in exceptional cases. In this case, it is necessary to separate gas packages from each other in accordance with the labels and carry loads only in a horizontal position.
3.3.27. When transporting compressed, liquefied, gases dissolved under pressure and explosive flammable liquids, smoking is prohibited in the cabin or near the vehicle, as well as in areas of cargo awaiting loading or unloading (at a distance of at least 10 m).
3.3.28. The drum with calcium carbide is unloaded using wooden rolls or other devices. It is prohibited to throw them off the car, turn them over, or hit them, as this may break the seal of the package.
3.3.29. Dust-producing loads are placed in compacted car bodies. When transported in open bodies, they are covered with matting or tarpaulin. Workers loading and unloading these cargoes are provided with dust-proof goggles and respirators.
3.3.30. When loading and unloading bleach, workers must be provided with gas masks or respirators.
3.3.31. Cargoes of the 4th group are allowed to be loaded onto and unloaded from a vehicle only with the engine turned off, with the exception of cases when they are drained and poured using a pump installed on the vehicle and driven by the vehicle engine.
3.3.32. Petroleum products must be poured into and drained from a tanker with the vehicle engine not running using pumps.
3.3.33. Long loads must be placed so that the weight of the load is evenly distributed between the vehicle and the trailer. Uneven loading can cause vehicle or trailer damage. Shorter loads should be placed on top. Stowing long loads diagonally in the body is allowed only if they do not protrude beyond the dimensions of the vehicle.
It is prohibited to: load long cargo above the racks, or block the driver's cab doors with cargo.
To prevent the load from moving onto the cabin when driving downhill or braking, it is placed on the vehicle higher than on the trailer, by an amount equal to the draft of the springs due to the action of the load. A beam is placed under the front part of the load on the vehicle platform. The trailer must be free to turn in relation to the vehicle 90 degrees in each direction. To provide him with such mobility, between back wall the vehicle cabin and the front ends of the load leave a gap. A gap must also be left between the shield and the end of the load on vehicles with a trailer - dissolution. The stowed cargo must be securely secured.
3.3.34. Platforms of vehicles intended for the transportation of long cargo must be equipped with removable racks that protect the cargo from falling. The racks must provide the ability to tie down loads.
When unloading long cargo, the locks of the racks should be released from the end or from the side opposite to unloading.
It is prohibited to open both side pillars at the same time.
3.3.35. When loading, unloading and transporting cargo that exceeds the width of the vehicle body, observe the following rules:
the platforms of vehicles on which such cargo is transported should not have sides, and the floor area should be increased in both directions in accordance with the size of the cargo;
Dimension indicators must be installed on the front fenders or buffer fenders. If transportation must be carried out on special trailers-trolleys, then they must also be equipped with size indicators.
3.3.36. Loading and unloading of pipes and sections must be carried out by cranes and pipe layers with universal slings.
3.3.37. Before loading pipes and sections onto vehicles, to hold the dismantling trailer in place, it is necessary to place wheel chocks (shoes) under its wheels.
3.3.38. When loading sections onto vehicles by pulling them through the trailer bunk, it is necessary to place the sling under the section at a distance of 0.5 m from the middle, closer to its front end. Then the section is lifted with a pipe layer, pulled through the trailer bunk and lowered onto the front bunk of the car.
3.3.39. When loading a section in 2 steps, first place the front end of the section on the car bunk, and then the rear end on the trailer bunk.
3.3.40. When loading pipes and sections onto vehicles, it is prohibited for people to be on the vehicle frame or trailer.
3.3.41. The coupling of a road train must be carried out by the driver, the coupling worker and the person coordinating their actions. The vehicle must be backed up at the lowest speed possible.
In exceptional cases, coupling by one driver is allowed.
To do this, he must position the trailer so that it is convenient to drive up to it, place a stop under the rear wheels of the trailer, hitch it, put on the safety tow rope, connect the pneumatic and electrical systems car and trailer.
3.3.42. Before transporting pipes and sections on a road train, you must:
Pipes and sections are securely strengthened, and their front and rear ends are secured against longitudinal displacement with locking cables connected by a rope or chain to the bunk of the car and trailer;
The tractor and trailer of the road train are securely connected with a safety (emergency) steel cable;
Pipes and sections are marked at the back with red flags, and at night and during the day when visibility is less than 20 m - with lit red lanterns.
3.3.43. When unloading sections, it is not permitted to pull them off the road train with a tractor or other machines, or to unload them by driving a car out from under the section.
3.3.44. The vehicle must be cleared of dirt before being delivered to the container loading site. foreign objects, as well as from snow, ice, debris, etc.
Preparing the container, loading it onto a vehicle and unloading it from a vehicle (road train) must be carried out by the consignor or consignee without the participation of the driver.
The driver is obliged to inspect the loaded containers to determine the correctness of loading, serviceability and sealing.
3.3.45. The roofs of containers must be cleared by the shipper of snow, ice, debris and other objects.
3.3.46. When loading containers onto a vehicle or removing them, the driver and other persons are prohibited from being in the back or cabin of the vehicle located under the boom or in the operating area of ​​the crane. Walking on the roofs of containers is prohibited.
3.3.47. Containers are transported only on rolling stock on which they are placed parallel to the axes. The cabins of vehicles transporting containers must be protected by shields (grids).
3.3.48. Containers are installed on biaxial trailers with the doors facing outwards.
Trailers intended for transporting containers are equipped with special guides.
The passage of people in the back of a car where the containers are installed, and in the containers themselves, is not permitted.
3.3.49. When transporting containers, the driver must take special precautions:
do not brake sharply;
reduce speed on turns, curves and uneven roads;
pay attention to the height of gates, bridges, overhead lines, trees and other overhead obstacles.
3.3.50. During loading and unloading operations, workers are not allowed to:
start the car engine;
perform work on vehicles and trailers with faulty floors, sides and body locks;
use a tying rope with frayed places and knots;
sit on the sides of the body, cab or stand on the running board of a moving vehicle;
be in the back of a car when transporting long, flammable, explosive, flammable, dust-producing cargo, chemicals, compressed gas cylinders and cargo that is dangerous in size;
be in the back of a dump truck.
Loading and unloading operations are not permitted while the vehicle is moving.
4. Safety and labor protection requirements in emergency situations.
4.1. Stop work during thunderstorms, icy conditions, heavy rain and snowfall, fog, strong gusty winds (over 6 points), or breakdown of tools or devices.
4.2. Stop working outdoors if the temperature exceeds the maximum allowed by local city authorities or is below the minimum allowed.
4.3. In case of malfunction of tools and devices, scaffolding, stop work and notify the foreman.
4.4. In the event of a fire, immediately stop work, notify all workers, and take measures to extinguish the fire using available fire extinguishing equipment. Call the immediate supervisor of the work or other officials to the scene of the fire.
4.5. In the event of any accident, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the influence of the traumatic factor, provide him with first aid and inform the work manager about the accident.

5. Safety and labor protection requirements after completion of work.
5.1. Put in order workplace.
5.2. Inspect tools and accessories, clean them and put them in the designated place.
5.3. Protective means received in the pantry, hand over for sanitization back to the pantry.
5.4. Notify the work manager about the completion of the work and about all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during work and about measures taken to eliminate them.
5.5. Take off overalls and safety shoes, wash your face and hands, and take a shower.

Chief Engineer Full name
Head of VET Full name
Head of Safety and Health Safety Full name

The instructions were developed by Kudryashova K.A. in accordance with the rules for the development of occupational safety and health instructions and relevant GOSTs.

answer; Loading and unloading operations are the most labor-intensive in the processing industry. Currently, for example, more than 45% of the total number of industrial production personnel is employed in loading and unloading, transport and warehouse work and auxiliary operations of the main production in the country's meat industry, of which more than 25% are in transport and warehouse work.

Constantly carrying heavy loads manually in excess of established norms can lead to serious illnesses and injuries. At work related to carrying heavy loads, the following requirements are observed: teenagers under 16 years of age are not allowed to work carrying heavy loads; limit rate carrying weights on a flat horizontal surface for each person should not exceed 10 kg for female adolescents from 16 to 18 years old, 15 kg for those over 18 years old, 10 kg for constant movement, 10 kg for lifting to a height of more than 1.5 m , for male teenagers from 16 to 18 years old - 16 kg, over 18 years old - 50 kg.

Male loaders are allowed to carry loads weighing up to 80 kg only with the help of devices; with a weight of 50 kg and above, lifting him onto his back or above is carried out with the help of other workers.

At a distance of more than 15 m, a load weighing 50 kg or more is moved using mechanisms. Loads weighing more than 80 kg, regardless of distance, are moved only with the help of mechanisms and special devices, allowing experienced and specially trained workers to service them.

Manual loading and unloading is usually performed for a small amount of work. The work area must be sufficiently illuminated and free from foreign objects; work must not be carried out on a slippery, greasy floor. Hatches, openings and holes on the working path must be securely fenced.

When carrying heavy loads in a container (flasks, baskets, etc.), make sure of its strength: inspect the container, and then lift the load to a height of 10-20 cm, especially carefully inspect the loads moved in boxes, hammer in protruding nails and the ends of the iron strapping. When carrying box loads on your back, you must use special backrests. Carrying loads on the head is prohibited to avoid injury.

A long load is carried by several workers, standing on one side of it. Lifting and dropping loads is permitted only at the command of a senior person.

Loaded barrels, cylinders, shafts are moved by rolling, pushing the load away from you; if the load is rolled along an inclined path, then the workers are positioned on the side.

When working with trolleys, you must not exceed the established load capacity, overload them over the sides and use trolleys with faulty brakes and steering; the handles are equipped with a protective device that prevents damage to the hands when colliding with oncoming carts.

Half carcasses are removed and hung on overhead tracks with a special platform at least 1 m wide.

When moving a load along an inclined plane, it is necessary to prevent its spontaneous movement. To do this, the load is tied with a rope, one end of which is fixed motionless, and the other to a stable support so that as it moves, the rope can be released or pulled up. To avoid rope breaks, the load is moved evenly without jerking.

Loading and unloading of wet-salted and dry-salted hides, bones, hair, bristles, horns, ungulates and other technical raw materials of animal origin, in and without containers, is carried out in a special protective clothing using carts or stretchers. When loading and unloading dusty materials (lime, cement, etc.), workers must wear a respirator, goggles, gloves and special dust-proof clothing.

Manual stacking of cargo in stacks is allowed to a height of no more than 2 m. Two or more loaders must manually lift or lower a load weighing 60-80 kg. To ensure the stacking of goods during weighing, the scale platform should be at a height of 0.7-0.8 m above the floor level. Movements of loads weighing more than 50 kg, as well as their lifting to a height of more than 3 m, must be carried out mechanized.

The maximum rate of carrying heavy loads on a flat and horizontal surface per person should not exceed:

for male teenagers from 16 to 18 years old – 4 kg;

for women when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) – 10 kg; constantly during the work shift – 7 kg;

for men over 18 years old – 50 kg.

Loads weighing more than 50 kg must be lifted by at least two workers (men). Manual lifting of loads stacked more than 3 m high is not permitted.

When carrying loads at the same time, the distance between workers (or groups of workers) carrying a unit of cargo (box, bag, etc.) must be at least 2 m.

Carrying loads on a stretcher is allowed along a horizontal path for a distance of no more than 80 m. The stretcher should be tipped over and lowered at the command of the worker walking behind. Carrying loads on stretchers up stairs is not allowed.

Long materials (logs, pipes, etc.) should be carried with special grips and devices. Carry long materials on crowbars, wooden beams, etc. not allowed.

Turn over heavy piece cargo and packaged equipment using roller crowbars and other devices. It is not allowed to roll or tilt the load onto yourself.

When manually carrying parts of tractors and agricultural machines assembled in small bundles, you must first check the strength of the bundle.

Carrying and loading of antiseptic timber is allowed only in special clothing (canvas jackets, trousers, leather mittens).

For manual loading (unloading) of long cargo (logs, beams with a length exceeding 1/3 of the length of the car body, tractor trailer, etc.), at least two people must be allocated, and they must use ropes of sufficient strength. TIOT - М-Р-001-2000 carrying out loading and unloading operations.

Hygienic requirements to organization and equipment classrooms computer technology.

Premises with VDTs and PCs must have natural and artificial lighting. Natural lighting should be provided through light openings oriented predominantly to the north and northeast and provide a natural illumination coefficient (NFL) of no less than 1.2% in areas with stable snow cover and no less than 1.6% in the rest of the territory.

The specified KEO values ​​are standardized for buildings located in III light climatic zone. The location of workplaces with VDTs and PCs for adult users in basements is not allowed. Placement of workplaces with VDT and PC in all educational institutions And preschool institutions not allowed in basements and basements.

In cases of production necessity, operation of VDTs and PCs in premises without natural light can only be carried out in agreement with the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.

The area per workplace with a VDT or PC for adult users must be at least 6.0 square meters. m, and the volume is at least 20.0 cubic meters. m.

During the construction of new and reconstruction of existing secondary, secondary specialized and higher educational institutions, rooms for VDT and PC should be designed with a height (from floor to ceiling) of at least 4.0 m. At the entrance to an educational room with VDT and PC in secondary and higher educational institutions Built-in or wall cabinets (shelves) should be provided for storing briefcases and bags of students. The premises must be equipped with heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems.

TICKET No. 20

Types of liability for violation of labor protection rules.

The legislation provides for criminal, administrative, disciplinary and financial liability for violation of labor protection rules.

Basic safety requirements for hand tools.

Hand tools (hammers, chisels, punches, etc.) should not have:

– damage to working surfaces (potholes, chips);

– on the side edges in places where they are clamped by hand, there are burrs, burrs and sharp edges;

– there are burrs and cracks on the surface of tool handles, the surface should be smooth;

– overheated work surface. POT R 0-200-01-95.