home · Networks · A flight of stairs with a door to the basement. Stairs for a cellar or basement of a country house. How to make a concrete staircase to the basement from the street with your own hands

A flight of stairs with a door to the basement. Stairs for a cellar or basement of a country house. How to make a concrete staircase to the basement from the street with your own hands

For basement you need to choose a simple ladder convenient design with reliable fastening. The best option is a straight single-flight, made of concrete or metal, as well as wood if the basement is dry. In order for a DIY basement staircase to serve for a long time, it is very important to correctly calculate its parameters and prepare a solid foundation.

The width of the stairs in a private house is usually 90 cm. For the basement, it can be slightly increased to make it more convenient to carry boxes of vegetables or bags of potatoes. The optimal tread width is 30 cm, the riser height is about 20 cm. The slope of a conventional staircase is most often 45 degrees, but in the basement it can be reduced to 30 degrees, which will make it easier to climb with heavy objects.

Knowing the height of the basement, you can calculate the approximate number of steps. To do this, the distance from floor to ceiling is divided by the height of the riser. For example, if the height of the basement is 3 m, then dividing it by 20 cm gives the number of steps - 15. Now you need to find out the length of the base of the stairs: the number of steps is multiplied by the width of the tread.

IN in this example this will be 4.5 m. If the room is at least 5 meters long, you can safely install a single-flight staircase along the wall. Of course, not every basement has such dimensions, therefore, if the distance from the entrance to the wall is less than 5 m, the staircase should consist of two flights and a landing in the middle.

In a basement with strong brick walls and a solid foundation, a concrete staircase will be most convenient. It is durable, not afraid of dampness, and does not become loose under loads.

There are 2 options for constructing concrete stairs.

  1. The first involves the implementation of a monolithic reinforced structure, the base of which rests entirely on the floor.
  2. The second option is to install lower formwork, which provides free space under the stairs.

In this case, both options can be performed close to the wall, between two walls or in the middle of the room.

For construction you will need:

  • fittings;
  • knitting wire;
  • crushed stone;
  • concrete mixture;
  • waterproof plywood 18 mm thick;
  • boards 30 mm thick;
  • polyethylene film;
  • timber 100x100 mm;
  • self-tapping screws;
  • screwdriver;
  • metal corners;
  • level.

If the structure has lower formwork, you will additionally need 2 No. 8 metal channels or iron pipes to strengthen the base.

Step 1. Making the foundation

If the floor in the basement is concrete screed large thickness, there is no need to make a foundation for the stairs; it is enough to check the base with a level and eliminate defects. When the base is not very reliable, an area adjacent to the structure is marked on the floor to strengthen the floor. Filming upper layer to a depth of 50 cm, covered with crushed stone, compacted and poured on top concrete mixture.

Step 2. Assembling the reinforcing frame and installing the formwork

When the installation of the formwork is completed, the reinforcement cage is installed. It is not recommended to weld rods together; it is better to use binding wire. For a monolithic structure, first knit the bottom layer according to the size of the base, then attach the second one, which is shorter than the first by the width of the tread, and so on until the top. On the intermediate platform, the reinforcement is laid in the form of a horizontal grid.

If one side of the staircase is adjacent to the wall, the ends of the reinforcing bars are driven into the wall for tying. The finished frame should follow the contours of the stairs, but be 3-5 cm smaller than the formwork over the entire surface. This will completely cover metal elements concrete and protect them from corrosion. When reinforcing a structure with lower formwork, metal channels or pipes are installed along the entire span, the lower ends of which rest against the base, and the upper ends are welded to the ceiling.

A stencil is cut out of wood according to the size of one step and with its help the edge of a sheet of plywood is trimmed. If necessary, connect 2 or 3 sheets and attach them to the frame. Instead of plywood, you can take ordinary boards and knock them into a shield, the edge of which also needs to be cut according to a stencil. For a structure with an under-staircase space, take boards from boards with smooth edges and reinforce them with timber at an angle of 30 degrees. Beams must be installed every half meter so that the formwork can support the weight of the concrete.

At the joints, the formwork is secured with self-tapping screws, trying not to leave a single gap through which the solution can flow out. To prevent the boards from absorbing water from the solution, the boards must be upholstered plastic film. The formwork is secured with posts and beams and spacers, and then boards are secured in place of the risers.

Step 3. Filling the stairs

The finished formwork with frame is poured with concrete mixture. It must be prepared in such a way that the entire structure is poured at once, otherwise cracks may appear. When pouring the steps, the concrete is carefully leveled with a trowel so that the surface is as even as possible.

Wooden plugs are inserted into the places where the railings are attached. When the solution has hardened a little, metal corners are pressed along the edges of the steps. After a day, the formwork is removed, and the surface of the stairs is covered with film for more uniform drying. Concrete must be moistened with water periodically.

Step 4: Finishing

There are no handrails on basement stairs. mandatory element, but sometimes they are attached for safety and convenience. Most often they are made from metal corners or profile pipes small section, connecting by welding. After installing the railings, the steps are sanded; if desired, they can be faced with tiles or treated boards.

Video - Do-it-yourself staircase to the basement

Installation of metal stairs

A metal basement staircase is lighter than a concrete one and can be installed much faster. To extend its service life, it is treated with anti-corrosion compounds, because basements are usually characterized by high air humidity.

For assembly and installation metal stairs you will need:

  • steel channels No. 10;
  • reinforcing bars;
  • steel corners 50x50 mm;
  • welding machine;
  • Bulgarian;
  • building level;
  • concrete mixture;
  • sheet steel or boards for steps.

Step 1. Preparing the base

First, determine the location of the lower end of the structure. In this area, a hole of 100x40 cm and a depth of 50 cm is dug. The hole is filled with crushed stone and filled with concrete, not reaching the top 15 cm. The ends of the stairs will be installed in the resulting recess and filled with concrete.

You can do it this way: fill the hole halfway with crushed stone, install a frame of reinforcement with a cross-section of 1.2 cm on top. 2 rods should protrude from the sides of the hole 25 cm above the floor level. After this, the base is poured concrete mortar to the top.

Step 2. Installation of the stairs

2 channels are bolted to the upper ceiling at a distance of 90 cm. The lower ends are installed on the base, then concreted or welded to reinforcing rods. If the staircase consists of 2 flights and a landing, first cook the landing. To do this, connect the channel sections into a square, but leave protruding edges on three sides.

Using these protrusions, the platform is secured to the basement walls, and then channels for marches are welded on both sides. I form steps from the corners, welding them to the channels from the inside.

Step 3. Final finishing

Ready design sanded with a grinder and coated anti-corrosion primer. The steps are sheathed with sheet iron or boards, and railings are welded to the side. At this point, the installation of the metal staircase is considered complete.

Video - How to calculate and build a staircase

Making a staircase from wood

It is advisable to install a wooden staircase only in a dry basement, otherwise such a structure will not last long. But even in a room with normal humidity everything wooden surfaces It is recommended to treat with an antiseptic solution against mold.

During the installation process you will need:

  • wooden beams for stringers;
  • boards 250x38mm;
  • screwdriver;
  • self-tapping screws;
  • anchor dowels;
  • jigsaw;
  • plane;
  • sanding machine or sandpaper.

Step 1. Manufacturing and installation of stringers

A step template is cut out of a thin board or piece of plywood. A template is applied to the side of the beam and traced with a pencil, then everything is repeated until the end of the stringer. Using a jigsaw, cut off all excess along the marking line, then process the second beam in the same way. The cut edges are slightly rounded with a plane, and then carefully sanded.

The finished stringers are installed at the desired angle so that the distance between them is equal to the width of the stairs. The ends of the stringers are screwed to the upper ceiling using bolts and anchor dowels. To fix the lower ends, take pieces of metal corners, drill holes in them on both sides, and then bolt them to the wood and to the floor. You can concrete 2 steel rods with a cross section of 12 mm at the foot of the stairs and put stringers on them.

Step 2. Making steps

For steps, boards are sawn into equal parts, the cuts are processed with a planer, and sanded on all sides. Then vertical elements - risers - are made in the same way. It is very important that all parts are the same size, which will avoid distortions of the span. If the staircase consists of two flights, in addition to the steps, you need to make an intermediate platform. The boards for the site are fitted very tightly, secured at the bottom in several places with bars.

Step 3. Assembling the structure

First, screw the ends of the stringers to the site with long bolts. Next, the lowest step is mounted: the riser is screwed in with self-tapping screws, and the board for the step is laid on top of it and secured. It is imperative to check the location of the tread relative to the horizontal. This is how the steps are installed to the very top.

For the railing, take a beam of 80x60 mm, cut it into pieces of 1 m, each section is polished or processed on a milling machine. The resulting racks are nailed at each step or every other step, and connected along the top with a wooden handrail. Finally, the entire structure is primed and covered with protective varnish or paint.

Every private house has a basement, and the entrance to it should be equipped with a practical and bladeless staircase. But what material should it be built from, and what should it be like? A do-it-yourself cellar staircase can be made of concrete or metal, resulting in a straight or spiral flight of stairs. Also, the staircase can be made of wood, it will ideally decorate the wine cellar, but that is if there is no high humidity. In order for the staircase to the cellar to serve for decades, you need to carefully select materials for manufacturing and make the correct calculations. How to make a staircase to the cellar with your own hands from wood, metal and concrete?

Calculation of staircase dimensions

The staircase that leads to the basement should generally be 90 centimeters wide. But if space allows, it can be made a little wider, which will make it more convenient when descending or ascending, especially when we carry food for storage. The best step width is 30 centimeters, and the step height will be 20 centimeters. The standard slope of the stairs is 45 degrees, but in order to make the descent more convenient, safer and easier, you can make the slope 30 degrees.
In order to calculate the approximate number of steps, you need to measure the height of the basement and divide it by the height of the steps. For example, if we have a basement with a height of 300 centimeters, we divide this height by 20 centimeters, then we get 15 steps. Knowing the number of steps, you can easily calculate the height for the stairs. To do this, you need to multiply the number of steps by the width of the tread.
In our example it turned out to be 4.5 meters. If the length of the basement is more than 5 meters, then a single-flight staircase is installed along the wall. But everyone has their own size of the cellar, and for some its length is less than 5 meters, then it will be like a staircase option - two flights and a landing in the middle.

Construction of a reliable and durable staircase to the cellar

If a private house has a good base, durable brick walls, Then the best option there will be a concrete staircase. Subject to all standards and correct installation such a ladder will last forever. She's not afraid high humidity, does not deform under heavy loads and has great mechanical strength.
There are two options for constructing concrete stairs

  1. Monolithic reinforced structure. Its base places full emphasis on the floor.
  2. The lower formwork is installed. This way we get useful space under the stairs.

These staircase options can be made close to the wall, between two walls, or in the center of the room.

Consumables and tools

  • reinforcing bars;
  • wire for dressing;
  • crushed stone;
  • concrete;
  • plywood sheet 1.8cm;
  • boards 3 cm;
  • insulating film;
  • block 10 x 10 cm;
  • self-tapping screws;
  • screwdriver or drill;
  • metal corner;
  • level.

If the staircase will be mounted with lower formwork, you will need to use metal channels No. 8 - 2 pieces. They can be replaced iron pipes. This will strengthen the base.

How to build a foundation with your own hands

If the floor in the cellar is not strong, then in order to avoid subsidence of the stairs, you need to make a concrete platform under it. To do this, you need to deepen the site by about half a meter. Then we fill the depression with crushed stone, compact it well, fill it with concrete and smooth it out. A durable concrete floor does not require an additional foundation. It is enough just to check the floor level and remove defects, if any.

Installation of formwork and assembly of reinforcing frame

To create a reinforcing frame, you need to tie the reinforcing rods together.
Do not use a welding machine for bandaging. Under the weight of concrete, the reinforcement structure can be damaged, which will negatively affect the quality of the stairs.
We start knitting the reinforcement from the very bottom according to the size of the base, then we knit a second layer, which is shorter than the main one by the width of the tread, and so on until the very top. On the intermediate platform we lay out the reinforcement frame horizontally.
Auxiliary reinforcement must be fastened to the working reinforcement, which is located parallel to the lower formwork. To do this, it is enough to fasten them with additional rods and lay another reinforcement mesh 5x100x100 cm. Excess pieces of mesh can be cut off immediately on the spot.
If the installation of the staircase involves one side adhering to the wall, then for the connection you need to drive the reinforcement into the wall. The completed frame should be visible, but with dimensions 30 - 50 millimeters smaller from the surface of the formwork. Thus, the metal frame will be completely hidden in the concrete and will not corrode. When installing the lower formwork, you need to use metal channels or pipes. At the bottom they simply rest against the floor, and at the top they are welded to the ceiling.

The reinforcement bandage must be strong, since you will have to walk on it more than once. At the edges, the protruding reinforcing mesh is bent downwards, which will make the anchoring more durable.
The formwork board must be secured securely, as it must withstand the pressure of the concrete. When making straight steps, we use identical boards, but for turns, the board must be cut to size on the spot.
We measure the size of one step and make a wooden stencil with which we will cut the plywood. If there is not enough sheet, you can connect two or three sheets and attach them to the frame. If there is no plywood, you can use ordinary boards that need to be knocked down into a shield. We also cut the edge according to the stencil. For stairs with lower formwork, use boards with smooth edges and support them with beams at an angle of 30 degrees. To ensure that the concrete does not burst the formwork, the beams must be installed at intervals of half a meter.
There should be no gaps in the formwork, and to prevent concrete from leaking out, the joints must be screwed in with self-tapping screws. The boards absorb water very well, so inner side the shield needs to be beaten waterproofing film. Next, you should firmly secure the boards to the places of the risers.

Pouring stairs with concrete

After our formwork is ready, we can start pouring it. Try to prepare the concrete so that the formwork is completely evenly poured. If you miss this moment, the concrete may crack. We concrete directly from the very bottom of the structure, carefully compact it, gradually smooth it out with a trowel and achieve maximum smooth surface. Where we will have the railings, we insert wooden posts, and when the mortar has set a little, we install pre-cut corners on the edge of the steps. The concrete should be left undisturbed for two days, after which the formwork can be removed and covered with film, this will allow it to dry evenly. If moisture leaves the concrete quickly, it means that it needs to be watered occasionally.

Finishing work of the stairs to the cellar

As a rule, railings are not installed on the stairs to the cellar, but, if desired, they can be installed for greater convenience and safety. Corners or small cross-section pipes can serve as railings. Our railings are ready and we can start sanding the steps. If desired, the steps can be lined with tiles or boards that have been processed.

Metal ladder - simple and reliable

A metal basement staircase weighs much less than a concrete staircase and is much faster to install. The metal is susceptible to corrosion, so it needs to be treated after installation. anti-corrosion coating. This will significantly extend its performance properties.

Consumables and tools for installing metal stairs

  • metal channel No. 10;
  • fittings;
  • steel corner 5x5 cm;
  • welding machine;
  • Bulgarian;
  • level;
  • concrete;
  • steel sheets or treated boards for steps.

Preparing the base for a metal staircase

First we need to determine the place where the end of the stairs will be. In this place we dig a small hole 50 centimeters deep and 100x40 centimeters in size. We fill the recess with crushed stone and fill it with concrete, but so that we have 15 centimeters left to the top, so that we can position the ends of the stairs and concrete them.

Quick installation of metal stairs

On the upper ceiling, at a distance of 90 centimeters, two channels are fastened with bolts. At the bottom we install the ladder into the prepared base and fill its ends with concrete. If the staircase design includes two flights and a landing, then the landing itself is welded first. The prepared channels need to be welded into squares using welding machine. But you need to leave protrusions on three edges. Using them, we will secure our platform to the cellar wall, and then weld the remaining channels for the marches. The steps are made from angles. Subsequently, they are welded to the channels from the inside.

Finishing work of the metal staircase to the cellar

In order for our ladder to serve as long as possible, it needs to be treated with an anti-corrosion coating, having previously treated the welding points and the metal itself with a grinder. In the future, railings can be welded to the stairs to improve the quality of movement along them. The steps are sheathed with steel sheets or treated wood.

Wooden staircase - practicality and originality

If there is no excess moisture in the basement, you can make a wooden staircase. But even with normal humidity, it must be treated with an antiseptic against fungus and mold.

Consumables and tools

  • wooden beam for the body;
  • board 250x38 mm;
  • screwdriver;
  • self-tapping screws;
  • anchor dowel;
  • jigsaw;
  • plane;
  • sander or sandpaper.

First we need to prepare a template from a piece of plywood or regular board. We apply the template to the side of the beam and draw it out with a pencil. Next we will need a jigsaw to cut out the part we need. We carry out the same manipulation with the second beam. The cut needs to be processed with a plane and carefully sanded, so that we get stringers.
We attach the stringers to the upper ceiling using bolts and anchor dowels, but so that the distance between the stringers is equal to the width of the stairs. In order to secure the ladder, at the end you need to use a prepared corner, in which we will drill holes on both sides and bolt it to the wood and directly to the floor.
Next we make the steps using boards. They need to be cut into equal parts, processed with a plane and sanded. We prepare vertical steps in the same way.
The step blanks must have identical dimensions. This will avoid distortions.
For a staircase that is mounted in two flights, you need to make an intermediate platform. The boards must be carefully adjusted and secured from below with bars.

Assembling a wooden staircase structure

The ends of the stringers need to be screwed to the platform with long bolts. After this, we can begin to mount the lowest stage. The riser is screwed with self-tapping screws, and a board for the step is laid on top of it and secured. And in the same way we install all the steps to the very top.
Be sure to check the step horizontally using a level. It should be perfectly smooth. This will make the descent into the cellar safe and comfortable.
To make railings, you can use 8x6 centimeter timber, cutting it one meter at a time. Each part of the timber is ground and processed on a milling machine. The prepared racks are nailed to each step, and connected on top with a previously prepared handrail. Our staircase is almost ready, all that remains is to prime it, varnish or paint it.

The staircase to the basement is formed on the house construction diagrams and is one of essential elements in design. A staircase in a private house can connect both floors and help move to the basement or to ground floor. If, after building a house, you need to install a staircase leading to the basement, then you can do it yourself without any problems. The article will talk about what types of stairs to the basement and to the second floor there are, what materials are best used for construction, and how to design the structure yourself, how to install it correctly - read this article.

It can be noted that it is better to make marching stairs in the basement - they are the simplest and most convenient in the basement. Currently, experts distinguish 3 types of stairs to the basement.

Namely:

  1. Marching- are considered the simplest, they are the ones most often done independently. As a rule, they are a straight structure without bends, but they take up quite a lot of space.
  2. With platform– suitable for houses where many steps are required so that the climber can rest a little between floors. Such a staircase still takes up too much space and is completely unsuitable for Not big houses, it is better to choose it for large houses or industrial premises.
  3. Screw- the most modern and convenient option, are suitable for small homes, but are not suitable for carrying large loads, because the stair steps themselves are small and narrow.

Among the materials, you can choose wood - the cheapest and most unreliable material; stairs made from it last very little, especially in basements, where air humidity is always at a high level, so wood rots very quickly. Wooden stairs need to be painted and cleaned regularly.

Metal – good material for the stairs to the basement, it is very easy to install, it is not afraid of high humidity, its service life is very long, and the structure itself is relatively inexpensive.

Concrete is a very reliable material, absolutely neutral to any weather conditions, the structure can even be installed outdoors. However, such a ladder weighs a lot and can load the walls even more; most often, concrete structures are installed in production areas or in cellars. Before making or purchasing a staircase, you need to select the type and material, roughly imagine the design to fit into your budget.

Calculation of the stairs to the basement according to the drawings with your own hands

To make a staircase to your basement, you cannot do without drawings. Drawings need to be made to achieve ideal design parameters, calculate the dimensions of the steps, their height, etc. Without a drawing, the staircase will not turn out smooth and beautiful. If you can’t create a diagram yourself, you can seek help from a specialist. You need to make a drawing, regardless of the chosen type of staircase and materials.

  • Height of stairs and steps;
  • The width of the steps and the structure as a whole;
  • The size of the flight of stairs;
  • Clearance height;
  • The length of the stairs.

To create a drawing, you will need a blank sheet of paper, preferably whatman paper, pencils and a ruler. First of all, draw an angle of 90ᵒ, use a protractor to mark the angle of inclination of the stairs, and draw a line. Using a ruler you can figure out how long the staircase will be. You can add any decorative elements to the drawing.

Materials for the stairs to the second floor and basement

There are several ways to build a staircase to the second floor. You can make a ladder using wire mesh, in which case it turns out monolithic design. The foundation of this building rests firmly on the floor. Another method involves making your own lower structure with free space, the so-called niche.

To carry out the work you will need:

  • Level;
  • Fittings;
  • Fasteners;
  • Screwdriver;
  • Metal corners;
  • Film;
  • Wire;
  • Crushed stone;
  • Concrete mixture;
  • Moisture-resistant plywood, layer thickness of at least 15-17 mm;
  • A block of 100x100 mm and thick boards (at least 3 cm).

If the structure is planned with lower formwork, iron pipes should be installed. A foundation is needed if the foundation is not reliable enough. It is easy to make. A hole 50 cm deep is dug, filled with crushed stone and filled with concrete mixture.

Then the lathing and formwork are installed. The frame is assembled using knitting wire, the bottom row is tied first, its size should be the same as the size of the base.

Then the second layer is fixed, next row should be a little shorter than the previous one.

After this, a grid is installed on the intermediate platform. If the structure is attached to load-bearing wall, the reinforcement is driven in at the ends, resulting in a frame that will firmly secure the staircase. In this simple way you can make a staircase from concrete and wooden blocks to the basement.

Making stairs from the basement, second floor

The staircase from the basement to the second floor can also be made of metal. Step-by-step execution The work in this case is not difficult. The first step is to dig a pit for the foundation, then you need to dig a hole up to 1 m deep and wide and up to 0.5 m long. The second step is to pour concrete into the resulting hole, but not completely, you need to leave about a centimeter of free space.

  1. Reinforcement, which is a mesh of rods, is placed in the concrete. 2 anchors are brought out, and the distance between them is the same as the width of the stairs. After this, the hole is completely filled with concrete, and the result is a foundation.
  2. Channels 1.5 cm wide are welded together to form the letter P, a long plank is installed on top of them, the free ends of the structure are attached to the walls and also filled with concrete.
  3. Such an assembly has the advantage that no additional supports are required, even if the walls where the stairs are located are weak; in the places where the channels are attached, you can simply fill the empty space under them with durable material.
  4. Metal stringers in the amount of 4 pieces with a width of 1.5 cm and a length of 25 cm must be prepared and welded on one side to the anchors in the foundation, and the other directly to the stairs.

Steps according to the dimensions specified in the drawing must be made from a metal corner and welded to the channels. In this case, the seam is made from the inside of the product, and all unnecessary parts and the ends of the corners are trimmed. As you can see, the algorithm is approximately the same as in the case of a concrete staircase. A staircase of this type can be connected to a plinth. It is better to illuminate the dark corners of the stairs, install lamps simple device to ensure maximum convenience.

Construction of the stairs to the basement (video)

Convenient staircase leading to the basement may be different. Metal, wooden, allowing you to enter from the street or garage to go up to another floor of the room - there are many variations. A comfortable staircase can be made with your own hands; you just need to make a calculation to find out the section of the steps, select materials and get to work. If you do everything according to the instructions, you will definitely end up with a reliable and durable ladder. It should be remembered that concrete stairs are the most reliable, but metal and wood can be used to make a wide variety of variations.

A staircase is necessary in any basement to be able to comfortably go up and down into it. It must be strong enough to support several hundred kilograms. They create monolithic or extension stairs specifically for a cellar or basement. An extension ladder is easier to manufacture and install, but less safe and comfortable to use. Manufacturing and installation of monolithic ones, in turn, is more labor-intensive and time-consuming, but they provide increased safety and a satisfactory level of comfort of use.

Theoretical principles of building a staircase to a cellar (basement) with your own hands

The choice of material from which the structure of the stairs to the basement or cellar will be made deserves special attention. Thus, wood is often chosen due to its ease of processing, as well as the availability of the material. But such a staircase needs additional processing special coatings to protect it from insects, moss and decay.

A staircase to a cellar or basement made of metal is more durable and reliable in operation, but at the same time it also has its drawbacks. Compared to wood, it is more expensive to manufacture and is susceptible to corrosion. If there are traces of rust on the material, it must be treated before starting installation work. Also, after installation in the cellar or basement, it would be useful to cover it with several layers of paint or enamel.

If there is enough space for design work, then you can resort to concrete. The concrete option is the most durable and reliable, but before carrying out work it is necessary to carry out design measurements and decide whether it is profitable to build it. Also, the difficulty in making stairs from concrete lies in the complexity of manufacturing its structure. For additional practicality, the steps can be tiled and then laid on it, which will protect against accidental slipping.

It’s worth saying a few words about the key parameters with which you need to approach solving the problem:

  • for standard 2*2 cellars, a staircase width of 80-100 centimeters should be enough. Depending on individual design features basements, as well as depending on your desire, the dimensions can be changed both smaller and larger. You should always remember safety precautions!
  • sufficient distance between the steps and the ceiling to descend into the cellar. In simple words– when you go down or up with a straight back, you should not hit your head on the ceiling. The optimal distance in our conditions is considered to be 190-200 centimeters;
  • it is necessary to decide on the slope, which can be up to 75 degrees. The smaller the slope, the less dangerous the staircase is, the more space it needs;
  • for comfortable use, it is enough that the width of the steps to the basement or cellar is equal to the length of the leg + 5 centimeters;
  • for convenient use, the height of the steps should be 15-20 centimeters. Also, the height of all steps should be the same to avoid unwanted traumatic situations;

Metal staircase to the basement

Using channels

Well, let's get down to practice - making a staircase to a basement or cellar with your own hands. Initially, you should decide on the set of necessary

  • metal channels;
  • 5 cm corners for edging all steps;
  • sheet metal (its thickness should be from 1 millimeter);
  • crushed stone with cement mortar to concrete the base on which the staircase to the cellar will stand;
  • paint or special anti-corrosion mixture.

It is necessary to carry out all the calculations and put them on paper so as not to forget. Do not neglect this point, because you will not be able to change the length of already cut pieces of iron. When all the calculations are ready, use a grinder to cut the channels and pieces of the required length. When there are enough of them, take a welding machine, and using the resulting pieces and corners, create a frame for the steps. Remove all resulting sagging using a grinder. Treat with anti-corrosion mixture.

All that remains is to secure the stairs to the cellar. First you need to decide on the location on which a small concrete foundation will be created. It is enough that the foundation is 15-20 centimeters deep and provides a good level of fasteners for the stairs. Install bottom edge ladders into the pit, fill them with crushed stone and fill them with concrete. Cut the steps yourself from sheet metal and solder to the frame of the cellar or basement stairs. Remove all sagging, scars, and nicks. Treat with anti-corrosion mixture. Such a staircase to a basement or cellar will last for decades.

Using pipes

To make it you will need:

  • pipes having a cross-section of 50-60 millimeters;
  • crossbars with a diameter of 2.5-3 centimeters with a round cross-section.

It is necessary to install pipes that will lead to the floor of the cellar or basement. At a distance of 20-25 centimeters, solder the pipes one from another with crossbars. Remove all physical defects with grinder. Coat with paint or anti-corrosion mixture. Concreting. As a visual example video:

Concrete staircase to basement

Concrete staircase leading to a cellar or basement - perfect option for this type utility room. It is not afraid of corrosion, after a few years you will not begin to hear a creak under your steps, and the steps will not bend under your weight. It is most convenient to install them during the construction of a utility room. It is necessary to be mentally prepared for significant financial expenses and the amount of time that will have to be spent during production. Due to the fact that the structure of the concrete staircase to the basement or cellar is solid, its adjustment after all the work has been completed is practically impossible, so all calculations of its parameters should be made qualitatively, double-checking them several times before taking it on. So, the process itself consists of stages:

Preparing the wooden “ridge” of the structure

For the “backbone” of the structure (formwork), you can use a sheet of plywood with a thickness of 2 centimeters. Additionally bottom part should be strengthened with boards or beams, because it will bear the bulk of the loads. Then you should install the sides of the structure, which will prevent the concrete from flowing out. The “ridge” is completed by installing transverse boards that will display where each step ends. To ensure stability to the structure, the end parts are attached to the stringers, and metal corners are used to enhance strength. All this is done for strength, because structural deformation during concrete pouring is unforgivable. To facilitate the disassembly process during assembly, you can use self-tapping screws.

Reinforcement

To obtain additional strength, structural reinforcement is used. To cover the area of ​​the entire staircase to the basement or cellar, you can use structures woven from reinforcement. Additionally, it is worth strengthening the edges of the steps with reinforcement so that during operation they crumble more slowly than without reinforcement.

Concreting

So, the main stage is concreting. To prevent possible differences and simplify future finishing works It is advisable to cover all joints between concrete and wood with a cement-sand mixture. Pouring the concrete itself should begin from the bottom of the structure. Ensure that all potential voids are filled. When the concrete is poured, it is advisable to vibrate it, after which, using a spatula, give the steps a neat appearance.

When the concrete hardens (which usually takes up to a week), it is necessary to dismantle all unnecessary structures, which is carried out through several stages:


When choosing between a concrete staircase and others, there is always a choice between safety, convenience and a minimum of time and money.

Wooden stairs to the basement

Other types of stairs include exclusively wooden ones or those leading to semi-basements, for example, to the garage where the car is located. Using the example of such a wooden staircase to a garage-basement, we will tell you how to make it. Before you start making it, you should decide on the situation on two points:


Now the technology itself:

  1. Initially, you should create a support on which the ladder will be supported. You can use stringers or a bowstring as a support.
  2. It is necessary to create transverse ribs for the stairs leading to the garage-basement, which will mark the edges of the steps.
  3. Knock wooden planks frame so that you get beautiful steps. If the boards are too wide, the protruding parts can be sawed off with a hacksaw or hand saw. The installation of steps should proceed from the bottom up to make it easier to correct any shortcomings that have arisen.
  4. After installing the entire structure, it must be coated with varnish or paint.

That's it, the staircase is ready. During operation, it is necessary to remember that if the basement is damp or low-quality wood is used for work, then creaking and sagging of the steps will not take long to occur. But even these options can be delayed if you carefully monitor the quality of the staircase, regularly varnish it once a year or repaint it. And finally, a short video:

Many modern country houses are equipped with a basement, which can also be put to good use. For example, it is very convenient to store there Construction Materials, rarely used property, as well as pickles and other edibles.

An example of pouring a concrete staircase to a basement

If the basement is a utility room and not a living space, then the staircase can be very simple, for example, a metal spiral one. If the room is not intended to be used too often, then in this case an ordinary metal attachment or is fixed.

It is important to draw and calculate correctly required dimensions opening. The most common mistake is that many owners make calculations based on 2 hatch flaps at once, despite the fact that one of them will almost always be closed in the future.

Most correct calculation is carried out taking into account each flap separately, and the optimal dimensions for each of them are 150x120 cm. Flaps are best made from wood material or chipboard. This is the right decision even if the stairs to the basement country house constructed of metal or concrete.

Assembly metal frame stairs to the basement

TO this advice must be treated with utmost care, since these materials (even after insulation) will weigh much less than most analogues, and therefore will open with less effort.

Types of basement stairs

One of the most common options is a fixed ladder to the basement. Their design is based on metal beams, welded together and having a reliable fastening both to the basement floor and to the ceiling or floor top floor.
Building such a staircase is quite simple; you can do it yourself, but it must be taken into account that such a design necessarily requires a hatch.

Hatch design for basement stairs

An extension ladder made of wood is also an option, but if the basement does not have a heating system to maintain a favorable temperature temperature regime, then it is better to refuse such a ladder.

The fact is that wood, even processed by special means and antiseptics, is susceptible to a number of negative factors, for example, the appearance of fungi or mold, as well as too rapid wear. Spiral staircases are not very common, but are gradually beginning to gain popularity. When choosing this option It is mandatory to install a hatch that will completely hide the structure.

It is best to build such staircases in large and spacious rooms, so that you don’t have to skimp on their dimensions, since the narrow spiral staircase It’s still inconvenient to go down to the basement, especially considering the fact that the upper steps are usually quite steep.

Choosing a material for a basement staircase

Regardless of the type of staircase, it is necessary to select the appropriate material for its construction. As already noted, wood is a less preferred option due to too rapid wear and susceptibility to negative impacts. environment, which may cause unsafe operation of the structure as a whole.

However, this does not mean that the use of wood should be completely abandoned due to the fact that there is the possibility of combining materials. For example, when installing a metal staircase, you can cover the steps with wood, which will make the operation process more convenient and comfortable, since it will be impossible to slip on such a covering.

In general, structures made of metal differ much more high level reliability. There is also the possibility of constructing stairs using concrete.

Design option for a metal staircase to the basement

On the one hand, this, of course, will require additional effort and time, and the structure itself will be heavier. On the other hand, such a staircase will be of very high quality, reliable and durable if you follow all the rules of construction technology.
Let us consider in detail each material separately for the construction of stairs to the basement:

  1. Metal is the most common material, quite often used for the construction staircase structures. It represents the optimal combination of quality, reliability and price. The metal is well processed and changes its shape - everything individual elements and parts of the device can be cut or securely fastened together using a welding machine. With proper care and compliance with operating rules, such stairs can last for decades.

    Drawing with dimensions of the basement stairs

    For construction metal structure It is allowed to use metal beams, the thickness of which is at least 1 cm, and for fastening to them individual parts You can use metal corners. In order for your staircase to fit well into the room, and at the same time to be comfortable and safe during its use, you must first make a drawing calculating all the dimensions. The minimum requirements are compliance with standards, according to which the length of each structural element should not be more than 100 cm. At the same time, the steps of the stairs are at least 26-28 cm wide and 15-20 cm high. These are the so-called average indicators that you need to focus on when designing the frame. However, taking into account individual characteristics buildings, for example, if the staircase is too steep, these values ​​​​will not be suitable; they will need to be adjusted, adjusting them to the requirements imposed by the characteristics of the room and the structure itself.

    Various options for installing a basement staircase

  2. Concrete stairs, as noted above, are the most expensive, but at the same time the most durable and reliable structure. Like all similar structures, it requires the installation of formwork on initial stage construction work. All elements of such stairs, including steps, are cast individually and fixed on special supports in the form of columns, or represent a single monolithic device. Before pouring concrete, the structure must be additionally strengthened with reinforcement, which will prevent the coating from cracking or other types of deformation. When creating a drawing and carrying out calculations, it is necessary to take into account the same parameters as for wooden structure, but the width of the steps can be slightly increased at will. Concrete can also act as a combination material used to pour staircase steps.

    An example of a basement concrete staircase

    It must be remembered that this type of material, despite its strength, also needs additional protection– it should be coated with special coloring agents or tiled.

  3. The main advantage of using wood as a combined material in the construction of basement stairs is the ease of processing. Using different saws, you can get any wooden part you need. A finished structure of this type must be coated with antifungal varnish and special antiseptics that reduce the consequences negative impact moisture and cold air.

It should be noted that the issue of choosing material for staircase construction must be taken as seriously as possible. Such important parameters, such as durability, price and complexity of construction.

Design of a classic wooden staircase to the basement

It is important to remember that the ladder should not only be strong, but also comfortable. If you plan to use the basement as a cellar, then you need to take into account that you will most likely have to use it with busy hands and bulky objects in your hands, so the staircase must be both wide and at the same time ensure safe and easy descent and ascent along it .