DIY block equipment. Various DIY building blocks. Materials for making cinder block

Making cinder blocks at home is a profitable business idea. By receiving free drawings and a description of the technology from us and with a little effort, you will receive high-quality equipment that guarantees regular income!

High quality cinder block - construction material, in demand always and everywhere. Due to the large weight and convenient size, it allows you to make masonry of structures of any complexity and height (from an ordinary extension to a house to industrial workshops).

Equipment for the production of cinder blocks at home

The presence of a vibrating machine will make the cinder block more dense and of higher quality, avoiding the formation of unnecessary voids. The vibrating machine will significantly increase the quantity of manufactured products. Now you don't have to wait until concrete blocks completely set to move on to the production of another batch.

Do-it-yourself vibration machine for the production of cinder blocks

The best option at home is a machine with 4 sections at once. In order to make such a machine, which allows you to produce about 100 cinder blocks per hour, you need to first download a 3D model of the machine:

1. After taking the measurements, cut out the parts for the future shape from sheet metal about 2 millimeters thick.
2. Then the sheets are welded together in such a way as to obtain a shape without a bottom. The height of the mold is 50 millimeters higher than the height of a standard cinder block. This is done so that the solution can be added immediately, rather than adding it over and over again after shrinkage.
3. Separately, we cut out pipes equal to the height of the resulting metal mold. They will form the necessary voids. Weld the holes at the ends according to the diameter, making the pipe “blind”. This will make it easier to remove the dried cinder block.
4. The cylinders need to be connected to each other closer to the top, maintaining the required factory distance. They must be firmly welded to the lifting lid.
5. WITH outside Forms securely fasten the vibration motor. It will ensure correct and rapid shrinkage of the solution. This is how the vibration casting process is carried out.

By looking at the 3D model of a cinder block machine, you can easily figure out how it works and what the principle of its operation is. And the dimensions of the model allow you to easily make the same equipment with your own hands according to the sample.

The kit contains drawings of a machine for the production of cinder blocks with your own hands and diagrams of more simple models vibrating machines for cinder block production:

Note. 3D models are saved in file formats: *.sldasm (an extension of the SolidWorks 3D editor, also supports free eDrawings) and *.step (a standard for exchanging 3D graphics that is supported by most 3D editors, including free ones: FreeCAD, Blender, etc.).

Making cinder blocks at home

The cinder block is made in a special form by vibration shrinkage of concrete mixture poured inside. After the material hardens, the hollowness of the block is about 30%-40% (depending on the shape - round or square) of the total area. The resulting cavities not only save consumables during the production of cinder blocks, but also serve air cushions for sound insulation. They are also excellent for reinforcing masonry, which gives walls maximum stability.

During manufacturing, it should be taken into account that the standard size of one cinder block is 39 x 19 x 18.5 centimeters. This is a standard, a generally accepted value from which builders build when designing and performing calculations. Therefore, strictly follow the parameters during home production of building blocks.

For the production of cinder blocks at own machine you will need:

• cement (M400, but better than M500);
• water;
• coal slag;
• gravel (about 10 millimeters in diameter);
• sand;
• plasticizer (strengthens and dries blocks much faster in 2-3 days);
• mesh seeder for cleaning sand from impurities;
• concrete mixer;
• shovel;
• pallets on which you will dry building blocks.

Attention! When preparing a concrete mixture, you should always control the amount of water in the composition. If you exceed the water norm by 30%, the concrete product will be exactly 2 times weaker!!!

All components of the solution are taken in the following proportion: 7 parts of slag, 2 parts of sand and gravel, 1.5 parts of cement, 0.2% plasticizer and water. The mixture should be moist and crumbly (fundamentally different from bricklaying mortar). When squeezed tightly in your hand, it should hold together in a lump, and when it falls to the ground, it should crumble. During the vibration of the machine, the mixture is compacted and visually, as if it squeezes out water, turning into a liquid solution. This is a natural vibration casting process for concrete. If the resulting concrete is too liquid, then no vibration rack will help ensure the integrity and strength of the cinder block, which will not dry completely and will soon begin to fall apart.

Financial costs for the production of 1 m 3 (71 pieces) of cinder blocks at minimum cost product:

When producing durable cinder blocks (for load-bearing walls) a semi-dry mixture is prepared for thin-walled concrete products. In the article “production of paving slabs” you can get acquainted in detail with the process of preparing a high-quality and durable concrete mixture of thin-walled products.

Note. It is worth noting that the same technology is used to produce expanded clay concrete blocks. Only the composition and recipe for preparing concrete differs.

Profitability of cinder block production

So, the cost of one square meter steel sheet will be about $4.3. Buying a motor (you can use a used one to save money) will cost an average of $30. One meter of pipe with a diameter of about 15 mm costs $1.4. If you have no experience in welding metal structures And the necessary equipment be prepared to pay another $100 to a specialist who has the necessary skills.

This means that a home vibrating machine will cost about $400. At the same time, the cost of materials for the solution, which is enough to make a daily norm of 100 cinder blocks, will be another $30. Be prepared to spend $700 per month on Consumables for preparing concrete, etc. As a result, to start own business you will need 1200-1300 dollars.

How quickly will this money be recouped? The cost of one factory-made cinder block averages about $0.7-$0.85. At the same time, home-made products will be sold cheaper, i.e. about $0.5. We will take this amount as the basis for calculating profit.

If you produce 100 pieces of products per day, you can earn about $20. Income per month if there is established sales will be about $600. As you can see, you can not only recoup your investment, but also make a profit short time.

As you can see, having your own vibrating machine for vibrating casting building blocks can not only simplify and reduce the cost of your construction, but also give rise to a profitable business!

OKVED codes required when registering an individual entrepreneur according to this species Activities: 26.61: Production of concrete products for use in construction; 26.66: Production of other products from concrete, gypsum and cement; 51.53: Wholesale trade in timber, construction materials and sanitary equipment.

Gas silicate blocks– high-quality building material. They are characterized by low cost, environmentally friendly production and low weight. These qualities have allowed the material to gain wide popularity in the construction industry.

The blocks have high strength, and thanks to the cellular structure, gas silicate can have a density from 300 kg/m³ to 700 kg/m³, evenly distributed throughout the block, which also increases the popularity of this product among construction companies.

Requirements for production premises

The room allocated for the production of gas silicate blocks with your own hands must meet certain requirements. For storing raw materials and finished products, you will need a specially designated place. The height of the room must be at least three meters.

Also, tech. the process requires the presence of 380V and 220V electrical networks, water supply and access roads. The room itself must be insulated and cleaned of dirt and debris.

The production of gas silicate is considered waste-free, so there is no need for sewerage on the territory of the mini-plant.

Equipment for the production of gas silicate blocks

To organize a mini-factory in a garage or small rented premises, you will need the following machines for the production of gas silicate blocks:

1. Vibrating sieve
2. Industrial autoclave;
3. Block molds;
4. Ball mill;
5. Dosing hopper;
6. Concrete mixer.

Equipment price

Where and at what price can I buy gas silicate for production? Let's look at this issue in more detail:

• Vibrating sieve for sifting sand. Will fit inexpensive options, taking up little space, such as: vibrating sieve VO-1, produced by Aver-Irkutsk, power 0.25 kW - $320, vibrating sieve VO-01, LLC " Construction equipment» - $370, vibrating table VS-250, Stroymashservice-Don - $575, option without vibrator, Stroytechnopolis - $125, machine from Elsie-Stroy - $520, VIBROMASH VO-1, Delta-engineering - $450;
• Ball mill. Uralmash MShTs-210*3000 – $1,740, Uralmash MSTs-3600*4500 – $1,740, ball mill MShMP-0.8 – up to $5,750, mill from JSC Parity of dry grinding – $3,710; CJSC Parity wet grinding – $3310;
• Dispensers. Bunker - dispenser BD-30 from the Zlatoust Concrete Mixing Equipment Plant - $5,750, Bunker dispenser for a concrete mixer from NPO KSK - $1,130;
• Concrete mixer. Options from companies: Kit-YUG – $90, B 130 “Enthusiast” – $180, Afalina Chelyabinsk – $225, TOR 46l. From the TOP Trading House – $125;
• Forms. Metal cassette molds for cellular concrete from Krasnoyarsk, company GC TSK - $185, Metal cassette mold Stroy mechanica Kirov - $315, "Standard-1" mold, for 36 blocks - $350;
• Autoclave. Machine produced by UralTsentrKomplekt Ag-1200 tz - $43,550, pass-through autoclave AP 1.2 - 2*17, produced by Stroykompleks Brik - $26,135.

To buy a quality machine to produce gas silicate blocks, you will have to carefully choose the option that suits you and compare their power and performance.

To compare prices and technical characteristics of production machines, it is recommended to study the foreign market.

Technology for the production of gas silicate blocks

For production, in addition to equipment, you will need knowledge of manufacturing technology and proportions of raw materials.

The production process of gas silicate blocks

The process is quite simple to perform. Subject to proportions and correct execution technology, a quality product will be obtained.

1. Using a vibrating sieve, separate bulk material from unnecessary fragments;
2. Grind raw materials for the production of gas silicate blocks in a ball mill;
3. Observing the proportions, mix all the bulk ingredients, except for the aluminum suspension;
4. Re-sieve;
5. Add aluminum powder and water, mix thoroughly;
6. Fill the molds with the mixture to ½ of the total volume of each of them;
7. Leave the molds with the mixture at a temperature of at least 40° for 2 hours;
8. Process the blocks using an autoclave;
9. Leave for 3 hours to complete chemical processes and gain strength.

If you want to produce aerated concrete blocks according to interstate standards, then read the provisions of GOST 31360-2007, 21520-89, 25485–89, 31359, which describe the requirements for unreinforced wall products made of autoclaved cellular concrete.

You can find various sizes of gas silicate blocks on sale, but according to GOST 31360, the size of each block must comply with the following standards: length – 625 mm, width – 500 mm, height – 500 mm.

Proportions of ingredients for making the mixture

Let's look at what they're made from gas silicate blocks. To produce 1 cubic meter of gas silicate mixture you will need ingredients in the following proportions: water - about 450 liters, cement - 60 kg (from 8% to 10%), quartz sand– 450 kg (up to 70%), gypsum – 0.5 kg (up to 2%), lime – 120 kg (the percentage of lime is 12% to 20%), as well as aluminum powder – 0.5 kg (up to 2% ).

To achieve the highest density of the material, the proportion of pores should be no more than 38%; such a building block is suitable for capital construction.

With an average density, gas silicate is a material with a pore fraction of no more than 52%.

The maximum permissible porosity of a light cellular material will be up to 92%. In the latter case, the use of gas silicate blocks is permissible only for thermal insulation.

Production of gas silicate blocks at home

Such production is possible if there is a premises that meets the relevant requirements.

Blocks made at home are inferior in quality to goods produced on a production line.

First of all, this is due technical characteristics the technology used. But it should be noted that gas silicate produced by a small private plant is no less in demand than factory-made, thanks to affordable price and a slight difference in the quality of the building material.

Calculating profitability

Let's calculate payback periods and profitability small house of a new plant for the production of gas silicate building blocks.

Investments

Vibrating sieve - $450;
Ball mill – $5,750;
Dosing hopper for concrete mixer – $1,130;
Concrete mixer - $225;
Forms – $350;
Autoclave - $26,135.

Total: $34,040

Costs per 1 cubic meter of raw materials

Water – 450l. – 0.6$;
Cement – ​​60kg – $2.5;
Quartz sand – 450kg – $7.8;
Gypsum – 0.5 kg – $0.1;
Lime – 120kg – $6.2;
Aluminum powder – 0.5 kg – $0.1.

Total: 17.3 dollars/1 cu. m.

The production volume at our mini-factory will be 1500 cubic meters. m per month, sales price for 1 m³ - $45. If fully implemented, the monthly income will be $67,500. Net profit – $24,250 per month. Taking into account the factors accompanying the production and sale of goods, investments in a small private plant will pay off in 3 months of work.

Let's summarize. Analyzing the volume of profit and the payback period of investments, we can say that gas silicate blocks as a business are a profitable enterprise with a high profitability ratio.

This material has been known for a long time. It is attractive because it provides the building with everything necessary qualities, including durability, makes it possible to carry out work with insignificant financial costs. But before you figure out how to make cinder blocks with your own hands, it’s worth dwelling on their main characteristics and use.

Initially, the cinder block production technology involved the use of blast furnace waste as a filler in the production of concrete solutions. But over time, granite crushed stone, expanded clay, broken brick and some other materials began to be used as such. But the general name remains - “cinder blocks”.

Such wall stones(another name) can be ordinary and facial, empty or full-bodied. The choice depends on the location of their installation and operating conditions. The production technology is also different: casting, vibrocompression and a number of other methods. Moreover, the binder can be not only traditionally used cement, but also gypsum, lime, clay, as well as substances based on the same slags.

Product Features

1. The possibility of making cinder blocks on your own at home.

2. Variety of methods. In addition to autoclaving, the material can be dried either at ambient temperature or by steam treatment.

3. Minimum heat loss of the building.

4. Low cost and short construction times. Given the size of the blocks, the walls are built quickly. And if we take into account that the solution consumption is small, then less time is spent on its preparation.

5. By changing the proportions for the cinder block, you can give the product certain qualities required at the place of use.

6. Receiving products of any size and shape, which significantly increases ease of use and in many cases greatly facilitates installation.

But it is worth noting the existing disadvantages:

• From an environmental point of view, there are many questions. Especially for products that contain blast furnace slag;
• low indicators characterizing frost resistance;
• from the point of view of moisture absorption, the material needs enhanced protection;
• fragility. A cinder block is clearly not suitable for installing a foundation. When erecting walls, you should also take into account the height and expected load.

Application

• As a rule, for the construction of low-rise buildings for various purposes. There is an opinion that cinder blocks can also be used to construct foundations if they contain “high” grades of cement. However, practitioners do not advise doing this and choosing a different material for the foundation of the house.
• As additional insulation in frame structures.

According to reviews, you can prepare cinder blocks yourself, and without any practical skills. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of professionals. Let's look at the manufacturing method at home.

Instructions on how to make a cinder block yourself

1. Manufacturing homemade machine for cinder block. The simplest option is from smooth boards. They are made into a long box in which removable partitions are installed. They can be made of any hard material: wood, plywood, metal, plastic. To fix them, grooves are cut into the boards at appropriate distances. The cell sizes depend on the required dimensions of the products.

Mold drawings for cinder blocks

In order to prevent deformation of the box from moisture during the production process, everything internal surfaces are painted.

The finished form should be placed on a solid, level base.

2. Slag preparation. It is necessary to mix its fractions different sizes. Each of them imparts certain properties to the final product. Large ones reduce heat loss, but at the same time reduce strength. Small ones are the opposite. Mixing allows you to get a “golden mean”. Ratio: 3 parts small – 7 parts large. To do this, the raw materials are sifted several times through sieves with different cells.

The slag is moistened 5–6 hours before the start of preparation of the composition. This will allow the cement grains to form a better “bundle” with the aggregate fractions.

3. Preparation of the solution. Proportion – 1 to 10 (cement – ​​slag). The main thing is to mix thoroughly. It is necessary to foresee in advance the volume of container in which to prepare it.

4. Pouring the solution. If the block should be solid, then the cells of the form are filled, slightly short of reaching the top level. Preparing hollow products involves making rigid “inserts” that, after removal, will leave a cavity in the block. You can use bottles, including plastic ones. But they must be filled with water and sealed. After 3–4 hours, the bottles are removed, and they need to be unscrewed so as not to “disturb” the entire mass.

You can also set up industrial production at home. The form must have handles for carrying, since after filling it with the solution it is placed on a vibrating table. You can make it yourself, or you can buy it. But it will cost 20,000 rubles or more, depending on the configuration. A vibrating sieve is also available for sale - from 26,000 rubles.

Practical advice

• Blocks made from cement have the greatest strength. In second place is made of lime.
• To increase the strength of the product, it is necessary to replace some of the small slag granules with sand.
• Mixing cement with lime (or clay) in a 3:1 ratio will save money without compromising quality.
• Before pouring the solution, the insides of the mold are wiped to prevent the blocks from sticking to the bottom and walls. This is done with diesel fuel, waste oil and similar means. After removing the products, the mold is also cleaned and dried, and only then the manufacturing process is resumed.
• The thicker the solution, the faster it hardens. In this case, the proportion for it is 1:8.

Cinder block is a practical and at the same time inexpensive building material. Suitable for the construction of both garages and residential buildings. Building from cinder blocks is inexpensive and quick, and if you make them yourself, the savings will be much more noticeable.

Is it possible to make blocks yourself - you ask - Does this make sense? Of course, if you are planning a large construction project (house, cottage), you will need a lot of material.

In this case, it is better to buy - it will be cheaper and faster. Well, if you need to build a garage, a bathhouse, a barn, or make an extension to your house and you have a a large number of construction waste is another matter. Such an undertaking will be doomed to success.

Well, let's look at the question of making cinder blocks with your own hands in order.

Cinder block size

Standard cinder block is available in the following sizes: length – 390 mm; width – 190 mm; height – 188 mm. There are also blocks for partitions (semi blocks), their size: 390 × 120 × 188 mm.

It is not necessary to make cinder blocks according to standard sizes; you can make them smaller or larger if you are a strong person. Depending on the voids, they weigh from 17 to 25 kg, so working with them is quite difficult (especially at the end of the day).

Mold for cinder blocks

For their production, special metal molds, vibrating tables and presses are used in production, pressing concrete into a mold with a load of several tons.

When making your own cinder blocks, the mold is usually made from wood. The types and designs of such forms are varied. But essentially just a container or into which it is poured concrete mixture.

The form serves to hold the product until it sets. concrete mortar. And to make it easier to get the finished block, homemade molds They are often made collapsible and without a bottom, placing a film under them.

To create voids you can use regular bottles(filled with water so that they do not float), pressed into in the right places into concrete. For ease of production and product quality, cylinders or squares for voids (pieces of pipes or wooden block), it is better to fix them to the form itself, attaching them to the bottom or lid.

What to make a cinder block from

As the name implies, slag is used for its production, waste and one might say free stuff. Not only metallurgy waste, but also waste from coal combustion in the boiler room, old brick(crushed), and sawdust, giving the material good thermal insulation properties.

Of course, the mixture for cinder blocks also includes cement, sand and water. For additional strength, you can use various .

Cinder concrete proportions

Here, in principle, everything is the same as for, the only difference is that not crushed stone, but slag is used as a filler. Composition: 1 bucket of cement - 3 buckets of sand - 5 buckets of slag.

Cement is taken M-400, but it is better to use M-500, it can be taken 10 - 15 percent less.

Manufacturing technology

Cinder concrete is made like a regular concrete mixture for a foundation. You can do it in a concrete mixer (if you have one) or manually. After pouring the solution into the mold, it is advisable to compact it.

IN industrial production special equipment is used for this. It would be nice to have a construction vibrator at home, but if not, then you can simply tap the outside of the mold with a hammer.

This is done to ensure that the concrete mixture is distributed throughout the entire volume, filling all the voids, and also to allow air to escape; in the presence of air bubbles, the strength of the product is reduced. Cinder blocks are removed from the molds after 2 - 4 days.

Just as when drying concrete, you should avoid drying out the blocks; to do this, they must be periodically sprayed with water or covered with film. Cinder blocks will gain strength only after 28 days, after which they can be used for their intended purpose.

Watch the video: Making cinder blocks at home

Please tell me, is it possible to make a cinder block from sand and cement without slag and other various components?

Hello Sergey.
Blocks can be made without filler, but it is the filler that gives them properties such as thermal conductivity. And the cost of a block made of cement and sand alone will be higher.

good afternoon! for building small structures! like a garage. Bathhouse! Is it possible to use the composition of cinder blocks: 1 cement. 4 sand. 6-7 slag screenings! All numbers are in buckets!!! The height of the buildings is no more than 2 meters! Will the cinder block withstand such a load??? and what do you think about this???

Hello Andrei.
1) You can use this composition, of course it is better to stick to the proportions of 1/3/5.
2) If there is no heavy load on top, such as some kind of concrete dome, then the cinder block will withstand it.

good afternoon! there will be no load! the foundation has already been made! the garage will have 4x6 floors, there will be simple logs!! thank you for your answer! your information was important to me! since I will only be pouring blocks in a couple of weeks! I am a welder and I made the machine myself!

Homemade machine for the production of building blocks with your own hands

The modern building materials market offers a large assortment wall blocks. But not everyone knows that reducing the cost of building a private house, cottage, garage or utility room is quite real. Instead of buying bricks or cinder blocks, it’s enough to start making them yourself. To do this, you need to use a machine for producing blocks, and if the budget does not allow, you need to make a vibropressing machine yourself.

Inexpensive factory models of vibrating machines are not characterized by high productivity, but for private use this is not required. True, buy a machine to build a small house, which will require about a thousand blocks standard size, – will not be entirely profitable. Therefore, as an option, you can consider renting equipment for a certain period. This will be enough to procure building materials for future use.

Factory machine for making building blocks with your own hands

Types of building blocks

Brick is still the main material in the construction of high-rise buildings, but for low-rise construction it is cheaper to use other building materials. If you exclude wood, which is now expensive, the choice will still be varied. Modern wall materials are made from:

• foam concrete;
• slag concrete;
• aerated concrete;
• expanded clay concrete.

Block characteristics comparison table

As a filler for cinder blocks, a variety of and sometimes exotic materials are used, which are industrial waste: screenings, broken glass and bricks, sawdust, wood chips.

Let's first consider how expanded clay blocks and cinder blocks are made independently, as the most budget-friendly among all the above building materials.

Expert opinion: Machine for the production of cinder blocks

If you do not have the necessary knowledge and skills to self-made machine, we recommend renting equipment. If you want to make your own machine for the production of building blocks, use only quality materials. We advise great attention pay attention to the stage of creating a design drawing and calculate all the nuances in advance. Take factory equipment as a sample or already finished equipment friends and acquaintances.

Dmitry Orlov

DIY expanded clay blocks

If there are no problems with expanded clay in your region, you can consider yourself lucky: expanded clay concrete, despite its cheapness, is rarely found on sale, but this building material is characterized by a whole range of positive properties. To make expanded clay blocks you will need:

• expanded clay itself;
• cement;
• sand;
• water.

The main material for creating the mixture will be fine expanded clay

When mixing the solution, it is important to adhere to a certain sequence: expanded clay is added to the water, then cement, and finally sand. The proportions of the solution are as follows: for nine liters of water, use 54 kg of expanded clay, 9 kg of cement and 27 kg of sand. The result will be a mixture weighing about 100 kilograms, with the yield of finished blocks in the amount of 9-10 pieces.

Manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete blocks

If it is not possible to use a specialized machine (such equipment is not cheap), expanded clay concrete can be produced on a non-industrial scale using special matrices. You will also need an appropriate container for the solution, a flat area and formwork made of wood or metal in the shape of the letter “E”.

A concrete mixer, a standard piece of equipment in a builder’s arsenal, will help reduce time losses and reduce labor costs. If there is a shortage of time, the problem can be solved by using a vibrating machine; a simple model of such a machine can be made independently.

To do this, it is enough to attach a low-power but high-speed electric motor to the mold, which is converted into a full-fledged vibrator using an eccentric. The vibrations of the matrix force the mixture to be distributed in the mold as densely and evenly as possible, improving the strength characteristics of the finished products. Factory-made brick making machines have maximum productivity: professional machines are equipped with additional equipment, allowing you to automate the process, eliminating heavy manual labor. But such vibropressing machines also cost a lot.

Do-it-yourself cinder block production

Expanded clay is beautiful and inexpensive material for making building blocks, but even more in an economical way construction is the use of cinder blocks. Having comparable sound and heat insulation characteristics, slag concrete is made from materials whose cost is an order of magnitude lower.

The industry is not interested in producing cinder block building materials - it is more economically profitable to produce expensive analogues (building blocks made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, brick). But special equipment for forming cinder concrete blocks is on sale, and quite a lot. The range of prices for such vibrating machines is enormous: from simple models with a static matrix, which can easily be assembled in a garage from scrap materials, to fully automated lines.

Cinder block: manufacturing technology

A modern cinder block has dimensions of 188x190x390 mm, a solid building material characterized by sufficient strength for arranging foundations and multi-storey construction, hollow ones are used in all other cases. Voids can be round, rectangular or square shape, the number varies from one to 8-10 voids, the voidness rate is in the range of 25-50%. Almost equal in strength to monolithic products, hollow cinder blocks allow you to save expensive cement by almost half.

For quick and high-quality mixing of the mixture, it is advisable to use a construction concrete mixer