Where does the Caucasian edelweiss plant grow? Alpine edelweiss flower: types, growing from seeds, Leontopodium photo in nature. Spring mountain flowers and photos of flowers in the mountains
I bring to your attention amazing photos Caucasus Mountains and its surroundings through the eyes of an eyewitness and a person who conquered these peaks. Moreover, he has a special passion for climbing and overcoming himself. Behind his difficult achievements, Mikhail Golubev was able to talk about the beauty of mountain peaks and dangerous glaciers, about flowering foothills and indescribable rainbows, about fogs and clouds, about mountain lakes and rivers, seething waterfalls and streams. About the animal world and the unusually touching flowers that grow in the heights and valleys. All photographs are from different periods and years. Moreover, the author took wonderful panoramic shots and was able to convey his attitude and love for the mountains. Photographs and descriptions of them, by the author himself.
Elbrus and rhododendrons.
Summer day in the Elbrus region.
In the Caucasus Mountains, the first half of July, the altitude is about 3300 m. At this time, at this altitude, summer is still unstable and snowfalls may occur. The photo shows a flower that has melted in the warm sun.
Bells in the area of the Kogutai glacier in the Elbrus region.
August 2004.
Dombay
The peaks of Bezengi are in the distance. Central Caucasus.
In the mountains of Ossetia
In the distance is the peak of Bolshoy Kogutai, view from the north. Elbrus region, summer 2006.
In the heart of the Caucasus Mountains.
Mountain river
A stream in the left pocket of the moraine of the Terskol glacier. Elbrus region, July 2005.
Mountain trekking class 2 along Gvandra-Uzunkol (KChR, Caucasus) in July-August 2007.
A vast meadow in the upper reaches of the Burnaya River. To the left is the Dorbun pass, to the right are the Poachers and Vorontsov-Velyaminov passes, which is where we are going.
Mountain trekking class 3 according to Western Caucasus in July 2012
Rynji Lake
Zaramag glacier in the distance, North Ossetia, August 2011.
Traveling through the mountains of Svaneti (Georgia) in the summer of 2012. Descending along the Gulichala valley, we constantly looked back to admire the formidable, majestically two-horned beauty peak Ushba (4710 m).
Yellow violets. Caucasus Mountains, height about 3300 m.
Mountain trekking class 3 according to Western Caucasus in July 2012. In the distance is the peak of Sulahat from the west.
Floral Elbrus region
Elbrus region, summer 2006.
View of Elbrus from under the Kogutai peak.
Mountain trekking class 3 according to Western Caucasus (KCR) in the Aksaut-Dombay region in July 2012.
In the upper reaches of the Kuban.
Peak Dzhan-Tugan (approx. 4000 m) in the upper reaches of the Adylsu valley in the Elbrus region. July 2005.
Ullu-Muruju River. Hike 2 k.s. along Teberda-Gvandra-Uzunkol (KChR, Caucasus) in July 2007
In the Mursala valley in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, May 2012.
The peaks of Dzhangitau and Katyntau (both above 5000 m) in the great Bezengi wall. Below is the largest glacier in the Caucasus - Bezengisky. The height difference from the glacier to the peaks is more than 2 km: four Ostankino towers. If you stood at the base of the Ostankino Tower and looked at its top, quadruple the sensation and add huge glaciers for a more chilling sensation!
Taken from the summit of the 50th anniversary of KBASRR (4000 m) with a close view.
Central Caucasus, August 2005.
Nahar River
In the valley of the Kurmychi River in the Elbrus region. July 2005.
Flowers by a stream in the Mursala valley, May 2012.
Edelweiss alpine – herbaceous perennial with a pubescent branched stem and lanceolate leaves. The plant is decorative, thanks to lush flowering white or yellowish baskets, known in gardening. Edelweiss alpine has many medicinal properties. Listed in the Red Book as an endangered species.
Ask the experts a question
In medicine
Alpine edelweiss is a non-pharmacopoeial plant, unknown in official medicine. Thanks to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cleansing and regenerating properties, Alpine edelweiss has long been used in folk medicine. Edelweiss infusions and decoctions are effective for rheumatic pain, diseases of the digestive and respiratory organs, as well as cardiovascular diseases. The external use of edelweiss for skin lesions, purulent wounds, ulcers and cuts is also known.
Contraindications and side effects
Contraindications to the use of edelweiss are individual intolerance, a tendency to exhibit allergy symptoms, pregnancy and lactation in women, as well as early childhood.
In gardening
Edelweiss – decorative garden plant as culture does not require special care in cultivation. Edelweiss is planted in rock gardens and on alpine hills. This light-loving plant will grow well in light, dry, calcareous soils in a sunny spot in the garden. The plant does not tolerate stagnant water. Since edelweiss is a true inhabitant of the mountains, when planting it, coarse sand or crushed stone is added to the soil. Fertile soil will not benefit the plant.
Florists use the colorful inflorescences of edelweiss to create dry bouquets. The decorative nature of alpine edelweiss flowers in nature leads to severe extermination of the species.
In cosmetology
Alpine edelweiss extract is included in many modern cosmetics for face and body skin care. Since the plant has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, cosmetic products based on edelweiss do not cause allergic reactions and are intended for both adults and children. This is an excellent product for rejuvenating the skin. Edelweiss is an important component of anti-aging cosmetics creams and gels. Shampoos with edelweiss extract help get rid of dandruff, promote hair growth, and give hair health and shine. Specialists from the Swiss laboratory Septer have developed a line of natural children's cosmetics Swiss Nature Baby with Alpine edelweiss extract. Soap, cleansing milk, and foam with edelweiss are used for bathing babies, since plant saponins in the extract provide gentle skin care.
Classification
Alpine edelweiss (lat. Leontopodium alpinum) is a herbaceous perennial, a species of the genus Edelweiss (lat. Leontopodium). The genus Edelweiss is represented by 60 species; only 10 species grow in Russia. Belongs to the Aster family (lat. Asteraceae) or Compositae (lat. Compositae). According to modern classification, Alpine Edelweiss (lat. Leontopodium alpinum) is considered a subspecies of snowy Edelweiss (lat. Leontopodium nivale).
Botanical description
Alpine edelweiss is a herbaceous perennial plant, 20-25 cm high. Typically, the plant, growing in high mountain regions, is covered with silvery-white hairs. The stems of edelweiss are slightly curved, branch in the upper part and form low bushes. The leaves are lanceolate and form a basal rosette.
Alpine edelweiss flowers are collected in dense heads and basket-inflorescences. The bluish-yellow or white baskets are surrounded by leaves of star-shaped involucre. The bracts are heavily pubescent, which gives the plant a silvery tint. Edelweiss blooms in spring or early summer. The fruits are achenes. The plant reproduces by seeds.
Spreading
The plant is distributed in the subalpine and alpine zones, in the mountains at an altitude of about 2 thousand meters, in the most inaccessible places. Sometimes edelweiss is found much lower, but loses its white felt pubescence, so specimens growing in flat areas are less decorative. Alpine edelweiss grows in the mountains of Siberia, the Alps, the Himalayas, as well as in Mongolia, Manchuria, China, Korea, and the mountains of Japan. The species is found in the Carpathians, less often in the Caucasus. Edelweiss grows on high mountain plains, gravelly and rocky mountain slopes, and mountain steppe meadows.
Alpine edelweiss is listed in the Red Book, since the number of the species is gradually decreasing due to the decorative nature of the plant.
Regions of distribution on the map of Russia.
Procurement of raw materials
Alpine Eelweiss is listed in the Red Book, so medicinal raw materials are not prepared from it.
Chemical composition
Edelweiss grass contains mineral salts of calcium, potassium, magnesium, saponins, flavonoids, phenolic and chlorogenic acids, vitamin C, A, K.
Pharmacological properties
The photoprotective and antioxidant properties of alpine edelweiss are due to the content of mineral salts of potassium, calcium and magnesium, flavonoids, saponins, chlorogenic and phenolic acids in its composition. Due to the high amount of tannin, edelweiss grass is effective in treating sunburn, is widely used in folk medicine to treat difficult-to-heal wounds and ulcers. In cosmetology in many countries, alpine edelweiss extract is used in products (creams and gels) for skin care, providing anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antioxidant effects.
French botanists Jean-Paul Vigneron and Virginie Lusse, photographing an edelweiss flower in the rays of the solar spectrum, discovered a unique property of the plant - it completely absorbs ultraviolet light. By studying the perianths under a microscope, scientists found that mountain plants are covered with small white hairs. The latter consist of parallel cellulose fibers with a thickness of 0.18 microns. This figure is very close to half the wavelength of ultraviolet light that reaches Earth. Delicate hairs absorb radiation that can burn plant leaves high in the mountains, so the hairs will perform a protective function in the natural habitat of edelweiss. At the same time, a “filter” of white hairs is capable of transmitting visible light, which is simply necessary for photosynthesis. In the near future, scientific cosmetologists have great hopes for the edelweiss plant, as it is planned to develop a line of sunscreen cosmetics based on edelweiss extract from similar nanoparticles. This small plant is shrouded in many secrets. Edelweiss has long been considered a symbol of fidelity, love and courage, because long ago men, risking their lives, tried to find this amazing plant high in the mountains for their lovers.
The edelweiss flower adorns the coat of arms of the country of Switzerland.
The name of the genus Edelweiss comes from gr. the words “noble” and “white”, while the scientific name of the genus Leontopodium, translated from Greek, means a combination of the words “lion” and “leg”. The French call this plant “Alpine star” because of the star-shaped wrapper of the inflorescences.
Literature
1. Edelweiss // encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
2. Grubov V.I. Genus 1488. Edelweiss - Leontopodium R.Br. // Flora of the USSR: in 30 volumes / started at hand. and under chap. ed. V. L. Komarova. - M.-L. : Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1959. - T. XXV / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin. - P. 342-360. - 630 s.
Plants mountain areas, where the climate is sometimes harsh and the soils are infertile, for the most part they do not please the eye with forbs. However, among the mountain flowers there are so beautiful that legends are made about them. Take edelweiss, lavender, violet, Vancouver... There are many other flowers growing on stones that are quite suitable
to create compositions in the style of " natural garden" And, of course, many plants growing in the mountains are ideally suited for decorating rockeries and alpine slides.
Photos of mountain flowers and their names are widely presented on this page.
Beautiful plants of mountain areas
Azorella (AZORELLA). Celery family.
Azorella three-forked (A. trifurcata)- a mountain perennial plant from the temperate zones of the mountains of New Zealand. Low “pillows” (height 5-15 cm) are composed of rosettes of beautiful wintering, heavily cut leaves.
The flowers are white-green, small, inexpressive.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with well-drained, rocky, but fairly humus-rich neutral soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring), dividing the bush (in spring and late summer), cuttings (in summer).
Armeria (ARMERIA). Lead family.
These are mainly plants of the Mediterranean mountains. Low bushes (10-20 cm) with numerous linear dark green leaves in a dense basal rosette.
Pay attention to the photo of these mountain flowers: the peduncle of Armeria ends in a capitate inflorescence of small pink or purple flowers.
Types and varieties:
Armeria seaside(A. maritima) and its varieties:
"Alba", "Rosea"
"Splendens".
Armeria alpine (A. alpina)- smaller whitish inflorescences, height 15 cm.
Armeria soddy (A. caespitosa)- the lowest, compact (6 cm).
Armeria plantain (A. pseudarmeria)- height 30 cm.
Growing conditions. Sunny locations with well-drained, poor, acidic soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter), dividing the bush (spring, August), cuttings with a heel. Transplantation is carried out once every 2-3 years, juveniles. Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.
They are planted in rock gardens and in the foreground in flower beds. They stand well as cut flowers. Combine with low sedums and creeping phlox.
Alyssum alyssum. The cabbage (cruciferous) family.
About 100 species of these flowers grow in the mountains of Southern Europe and Siberia. This low growing plants(10-30 cm), forming dense bushes of small leaves and flowers collected in a dense brush. Alyssum can be annual or perennial.
Kinds:
Mountain alyssum (A. montanum)- bushes 10 cm high, small gray-green leaves, yellow flowers, blooms in May.
Alyssum silver(A. argenteum)- height 30-40 cm, leaves are grayish-green, flowers are yellow in a racemose inflorescence, blooms in June-July.
Alyssum rocky (A. saxatile = Aurunia saxatile)- strongly branched shoots form a bush 20-30 cm high, leaves are felt-silver, yellow flowers in a dense raceme, blooms in May-June.
Varieties:
"Nitrinum"- height 30 cm, “Compactum” - 20 cm.
"PLenum"- 30 cm.
Used in rock gardens and flower beds in the border.
Growing conditions. Sunny locations with well-drained sandy soils, neutral or alkaline.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring). Seedlings bloom in the second year. Propagation by stem cuttings after the end of flowering. Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.
Astilbe (ASTILBE). Saxifraga family.
The name of this mountain plant comes from greek words- “very” and stilbe - “shine” and given to the plant because of its shiny leaves. In nature, astilbe grows in mountain forests East Asia and North America. But mainly varieties of hybrid origin are cultivated, united under the name Arends astilbe (A. x arendsii), 60-100 cm high. The plants have a thick, branched, superficially located rhizome, from which in the spring numerous thin but strong stems emerge, bearing beautiful pinnate -dissected shiny leaves (often reddish in spring) and ending in an openwork paniculate inflorescence of small flowers of different colors (except yellow and pure blue).
In total, about 200 varieties of astilbe are known, which are divided into 12 groups depending on their origin.
Types and varieties:
Group I: Astilbe x arendsii with purple-lilac inflorescence, height 80-100 cm.
Group II - hybrids astilboides (Astilboides hybrida), composed of old varieties (for example, “BLondine”).
III group - low-growing hybrids astilbe chinensis (A. chinensis "Pumila"), variety "FinaLe" - purple-pink.
IV - hybrids astilbe curly (A. crispa), miniature plants with strongly dissected leaves (for example, “Perkeo” - 20 cm high, with dark pink flowers).
V - Astilbe hybrid (A. x hybrida), varieties not included in other groups: “America” - 70 cm high, with light purple inflorescences.
VI - Japanese hybrids (Japonica Hybrida), low (30-40 cm), compact, early flowering, inflorescence - loose raceme: “DeutschLand” with white flowers, 50 cm tall.
VII - Lemoine hybrids (Lemoine hybrida), old varieties, for example white "MontbLan".
VIII - Pink hybrids (Rosea Hybrida)- “Peach Blossom”.
IX - hybrids astilbe simplefolia(A. simplicifolia) with drooping inflorescence: "DunkeLLachs" with dark pink flowers.
X - Astilbe Take (A. taquetii): “Superba” - 100 cm tall, pink.
XI - Astilbe Thunberg(A. x thunbergii- Thunbergii Hybrida)- about 100 cm high, the inflorescence is loose, branched: “Prof. Van der WieLen" with white flowers.
XII group – hybrids astilbe naked (A. glaberrima hybrida)- heat-loving astilbes.
Growing conditions. If watered, they grow well in any light, but full light flowering time is reduced. Therefore, it is better to plant astilbe in shade and partial shade, on moist clay fertile soils. It responds well to mulching in the fall with peat or rotted wood chips.
Reproduction. Propagated by dividing the bush (in spring) and in early spring - by a renewal bud with part of the rhizome (with a “heel”). The buds are planted in a greenhouse with sand and peat, where they quickly take root and by autumn form a rhizome and several shoots. Planting density - 7-9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Astilbe is the best decoration for a shady flower garden. It can be planted on the north side of the house, where it is dark, humid and other plants do not bloom.
Look at the photo of these mountain flowers: astilbe looks great against the backdrop of low-growing ground cover plants (greenweed, jasmine, tiara, etc.) and in the border of flower beds. It is not recommended to plant it in rock gardens, where, under conditions of good drainage, it dries out quickly.
All astilbes - stable ornamental plants, practically undamaged by diseases and pests. Their peculiarity is that they grow quickly after damage caused by spring frosts.
Bukashnik (JASION). Campanula family.
Low-growing (25-30 cm) mountain perennial with a spherical bush and capitate inflorescence.
Types and varieties:
Perennial beetle (J. perennis), variety: “Blau Licht” - bright blue flowers.
Mountain beetle (J. montana) And smooth (J. laevis)- lilac flowers.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with well-drained soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) and dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Self-seeding may occur. Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.
Use in sunny rockeries and borders.
Waldsteinia (WALDSTEINIA). Rosaceae family.
Perennials (about 5 species) from mountain forests of Eurasia and North America. The leaves are large, three-lobed, dense in the basal rosette, and often overwinter. They grow in thickets 15-35 cm high due to above-ground stolons ending in young rosettes. The flowers are bright yellow, shiny. Flowering in spring is long and abundant.
Types and varieties:
Waldsteinia trifoliate (W. ternata) And gravilate-shaped (W. geoides)- height 15 cm, leaves are large, wintering.
Waldsteinia strawberry (W. fragarioides)- leaves are similar to strawberry leaves.
Growing conditions. Shady areas with loose soils. These flowers, growing in the mountains, are unpretentious and form a perennial ground cover.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush, with young rosettes (at the end of summer). Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.
What other plants grow in the mountains
Showerweed (CALAMINTHA. Lamiaceae family).
Shower large-flowered (C. grandifiora)- creeping low (30-50 cm) perennial growing in the mountain shady forests of Central Europe and the Caucasus. In June-August it blooms with small purple flowers collected in whorls.
Growing conditions. Shaded rocky areas.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (spring), stem cuttings (summer). Planting density - 9-12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Used as part of a flower garden, in mixborders, and also for cutting. Used in green teas, as a flavoring and for medicinal purposes.
Cyclamen, dryer (CYCLAMEN). Primrose family.
"Blue Perfection"- blue, "Molly Sanderson"- dark.
IN shady gardens grow fragrant filla (V. odorata) with creeping stems forming a “carpet” of wintering rounded leaves, the flowers are small, there are varieties with flowers of different colors (white - “Christmas”, purple - “Red Charm”, etc.), very fragrant, bloom from the end of April.
Reichenbach violet (V. reichenbachiana)- a plant of broad-leaved forests of Europe, a bush 20-35 cm high, overwintering leaves, small, purple flowers, forms mass self-seeding.
Growing conditions. Sunny and semi-shaded areas with rich, loose soils.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush after 3-4 years (August) and seeds (sowing before winter), the seedlings bloom in the 2nd year. They often self-sow.
Rhodiola (RHODIOLA). Crassulaceae family.
A numerous genus, species of which grow in the mountains of Eurasia and North America. Rhizomes are thick, superficial; leaves are bluish, thickened. All species grow well and form perennial patches (small thickets).
Look below at the photo of flowers growing in the mountains, each of them is beautiful in its own way.
Types and varieties:
Rhodiola heterodentata (R. heterodontha)- height 15-20 cm, leaves rounded.
Rhodiola rosea (R. rosea)- height 30-40 cm, leaves are linear, rhizome becomes bright pink when damaged.
Rhodiola Semenova (R. semenovii)- height up to 60 cm, green leaves, yellow flowers.
Rhodiola entirefolia (R. integrifolia)- height 35-40 cm, pink flowers.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose, well-drained soils, Rhodiola does not tolerate stagnant moisture.
Reproduction. By seeds (sown in spring), seedlings bloom in the 3rd-4th year. By dividing rhizomes (after the end of flowering) and stem cuttings (in spring). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Bryozoan, sagina (SAGINA). Clove family.
Low-growing perennials with needle-shaped leaves, forming low “pillows” of strongly branching graceful shoots. The flowers are small and bloom for a long time. Tap root. Plant from the rocks of the mountains of Europe.
Types and varieties:
Bryozoan awl-shaped (S. subulata)- very low (5 cm), rapidly growing “pillows”, variety “Aurea” - golden leaves.
Bryozoan saginoid (S. saginoides)- height 10 cm, forms dense “pillows”.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with poor sandy soils do not tolerate stagnant moisture.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring); cuttings (summer). Young plant, replant after 3-4 years. Planting density -25 pcs. per 1 m2.
Krupka, draba (DRABA). The cabbage (cruciferous) family.
A large (almost 300 species) genus, species of which grow in mountains around the world. These are mainly low-growing (10-15 cm) plants with pubescent linear leaves in rosettes, cushion-shaped. The flowers are small in a racemose inflorescence, white or yellow.
Types and varieties:
Krupka evergreen (D. aizoides) And mossy (D. bryoides).
Brunieleaf semolina (D. bruniifoia)- plants that form low (5-15 cm) dense “cushions” of grayish-green wintering leaves, flowering early (April).
Siberian Krupka (D. sibirica)- forms a thicket of higher (20 cm) shoots.
Growing conditions. Sunny locations with poor, well-drained soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring) and stem cuttings (after the end of flowering). Planting density pcs. per 1 m2.
(CERASTIUM). Clove family.
A rocky perennial that forms clumps of shoots with silvery leaves. Height is about 30 cm, small white flowers.
Types and varieties:
alpine jasmine (C. alpinum) And Bieberstein's prick(C. biebersteinii).
Grandiflora grandiflora (C. grandiflorum).
Felt cleaver (S. tomentosum), the most interesting variety is “Silver Carpet”.
Growing conditions. Sunny locations with well-drained, poor (rocky or sandy) soils.
Reproduction. Sowing seeds in spring (seedlings bloom in late summer) or summer cuttings. The plant is young and needs to be replanted every 3-4 years. Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Spring mountain flowers and photos of flowers in the mountains
Below are the names of mountain flowers that bloom in spring.
Vesennik (ERANTHIS). Ranunculaceae family.
Spring-blooming low perennials with tuberous roots. There are 7 known species growing in forests and subalpine zones of the mountains of Europe and East Asia.
The leaves are graceful, palmately divided, on long petioles, dying off at the end of May (ephemeroids). The flowers are solitary, white or yellow, of petal-shaped sepals with three teeth; under the flower there is a whorl of deeply dissected leaves. Height 20-25 cm.
Types and varieties:
Winter vesennik (E. hyemalis)- plant of the forests of Europe, yellow flower.
Star spring (E. stellata)- plant from the Far East, white flower.
Siberian Vesennik (E. sibirica)- plant of southern Siberia, yellow flowers, flowers.
Vesennik Tubergen (E. x tubergenii)- varieties “Glory”, “Guinea Gold”.
Growing conditions. Shaded areas under the tree canopy with loose forest soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing freshly harvested, self-seeding is possible) and dividing rhizomes (after the end of flowering). Planting density - 25 pcs. per 1 m2.
Gentian, gentian (GENTIANA). Gentian family.
Large (about 400 species) genus of perennial herbs different heights, growing in the mountains of almost all continents. Many species are decorative, almost all of them are difficult to cultivate (this is a mycorrhizal plant). But the beauty and brightness of their flowers, especially blue ones, attract gardeners.
Types and varieties:
Gentiana stemless (G. acaulis) And spring (G. verna)- low (8-10 cm) bushes with large bright blue flowers, blooming in May-June.
Gentian seven-parted(G. septemfida) And rough (G. scabra).
Gentiana dahuriana (G. dahurica) form bushes 3040 cm high, bloom with blue flowers in July-August.
Gentian yellow (G. lutea)- a tall plant (up to 110 cm) with large yellow flowers, blooming in August.
Gentiana swallowtail (G. asclepiadea)- about 80 cm high, blooms in July-August.
Blooms later than others (in September) Chinese gentiana decorated (G. sinoornata), forming a low bush (15 cm) with bright blue flowers with green stripes.
Growing conditions. All gentians are mountain plants that prefer sunny areas with fertile, well-drained soils with normal moisture. It is recommended to add crushed stone or pebbles mixed with humus.
Gentians are difficult to grow because the seeds germinate poorly, seedlings fall out a lot, and adult plants react negatively to division and replanting. There are exceptions, but they are rare.
Brunner (BRUNNERA). Borage family.
These plants are represented in nature by only three forest species, two of which are cultivated. They are also called “perennial forget-me-nots”, since they are spring mountain flowers, which are low (30-40 cm) bushes with ground-level heart-shaped leaves on long petioles and a paniculate inflorescence of small bright blue flowers.
Types and varieties:
Brunnera macrofolia (B. macrophylla)- plant of the mountain forests of the Caucasus. Forms a dense, slowly growing bush, a variety with silver spots on the leaves - “Longtris”.
Brunnera sibirica(B. sibirica)- a plant of the Altai forests, has a long, thick, branching rhizome, therefore it forms thickets.
Growing conditions. The plants are undemanding, but prefer shady and semi-shady places with rich soil and moderate moisture.
Reproduction. Seeds (form mass self-seeding) and sections of rhizomes at the end of summer. Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Rare Vancouver mountain flowers
Vancouveria (VANCOUVERIA). Barberry family.
Vancouveria sixstamena (V. hexandra)- perennials from the mountain forests of the western United States. These are low (25-30 cm) plants with a long rhizome (therefore they form thickets), the leaves are light green, dense (but not overwintering), trifoliate on thin, hard petioles. The flowers are white in an openwork inflorescence.
Growing conditions. Shady areas under a canopy of broadleaf trees whose foliage covers the Vancouver bush in the fall. Any soil, but well drained.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (at the end of summer). Planting density - 16 pcs. per 1 m2.
Vancouveria are rare mountain flowers from California, little known in cultivation. This ground cover plant naturally forms dense, large patches. In cultivation in central Russia, it grows slowly: the growth of each specimen per year is no more than 2-3 cm. But the gardener’s patience will be duly rewarded. Firstly, Vancouver bushes live for a very long time - up to 40 years. Secondly, its trifoliate leaves and delicate white flowers attract attention with their originality. In addition, this herbaceous ornamental perennial is highly drought-resistant and shade-tolerant, so it is recommended for shaded areas and rockeries. Does not set seeds in cultivation.
As can be seen in the photo, these mountain plants are often used in shady rockeries to create ground cover on tree trunks.
Beautiful mountain edelweiss flower and its photo
Edelweiss (LEONTOPODIUM). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).
Mountain perennial low-growing (20-25 cm) herbs with curved branched stems and a basal rosette of lanceolate leaves.
Look at the photo of mountain edelweiss: flowers in small baskets form a corymbose inflorescence. The whole plant is pubescent, grayish-silver.
Types and varieties:
Edelweiss alpine (L. alpinum)- rocks of the Alpine belt of the European mountains.
Edelweiss Siberian (L. leontopodioides)- steppes and rocky slopes of Siberia.
Edelweiss Palibina (L. palibinianum)- dry meadows of Primorye.
The last two species are more stable in conditions middle zone Russia.
Growing conditions. The mountain edelweiss flower grows in sunny areas with rocky or sandy soil enriched with lime. Good drainage is required.
Reproduction. This beautiful one is propagated mountain flower dividing the bush (in spring or late summer) and stem cuttings (in May-June). Divide and replant every 2-3 years.
Mountain plants: mountain lavender flower
Lavender (LAVANDULA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).
Lavender angustifolia (L. angustifoiia)- subshrubs from the mountain slopes of the Mediterranean. This beautiful plant mountains with bushes 50-60 cm high, covered with dense, hard peduncles bearing a terminal spike-shaped inflorescence of small bluish flowers. The mountain lavender flower has narrow silvery leaves. The whole plant exudes a pleasant aroma.
Varieties:
"ALba", "Dwarf BLue"
"Minstead", "Rosea".
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose, lime-enriched soils, well drained, without stagnant moisture. Important condition good condition - annual spring pruning bushes.
Reproduction. Seeds (sowing in spring), cuttings. Planting density - 12 pcs. per 1 m2.
Herbaceous plants growing in the mountains
Catnip, catnip (NEPETA). Family Lamiaceae (Labiaceae).
Herbaceous perennials or subshrubs growing in the mountains of the Mediterranean, Caucasus, and Central Asia. The root is thick, taproot, the stems are numerous, rigid, lodging, branched. Leaves with silvery pubescence.
The flowers are small in a spike-shaped panicle. Long-lasting flowering – 2–3 months; the plant has a strong, lemon-like odor that repels pests and purifies the air.
Types and varieties:
Catnip (N. cataria)- blue flowers.
Fassin's catnip (N. x faassenii)- lilac flowers, varieties: “Snowflake”, “Six Hills Giant” - 50 cm high.
Catnip grandiflora(N. grandiflora)– blue.
Catnip Musina (N. mussinii) And Siberian (N. sibirica)- height 80 cm.
Growing conditions. Sunny locations with rich, well-drained soils enriched with lime.
An excellent plant for mixborders (planting in the foreground), in the border, on the lawn, in rockeries, and flower gardens. Dried flowers are used as flavoring agents.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing in spring), cuttings (in summer). Planting density - 9 pcs. per 1 m2.
Muscari, mouse hyacinth, viper onion (MUSCARI). Hyacinth (lily) family.
Small bulbous plants, 60 species of which grow in the mountains of the Mediterranean. The bulb is light ovoid, the leaves are linear basal; the flowers are tubular, small, in a dense racemose inflorescence. Height 15-20 cm. In some species, leaves grow in autumn and overwinter.
Types and varieties:
Muscari Armenian (M. armeniacum)- blue flowers with white teeth.
Muscari pale (M. pallens)- the flowers are almost white.
Muscari grapevine (M. botryoides)- flowers are dark blue.
Muscari racemosus (M. racemosum)- dark purple flowers and other types.
Growing conditions. Sunny areas with loose fertile soils.
Reproduction. Muscari form a mass of baby bulbs, so they grow quickly. The bulbs are dug up after the end of flowering, dried and planted in the soil at the end of August. Planting density - 30 pcs. per 1 m2.
Scopolia (SCOPOLIA). Solanaceae family.
Scopolia carniolina (S. carniolica)- plant of mountain forests of Central and Southern Europe. Herbaceous rhizomatous perennial 60-80 cm high, forming a beautiful spreading bush of straight leafy stems. The flowers are dark red-brown, solitary, drooping.
Growing conditions. Shady areas with loose, fertile soils and moderate moisture.
Reproduction. By dividing the bush (in spring and late summer). Planting density is single.
Tsitserbita (CICERBITA). Family Asteraceae (Asteraceae).
Perennial rhizomatous herbs with single erect stems, growing in the mountain forests of the Caucasus, Siberia, and Central Asia. The stem contains beautiful lyre-shaped leaves, thin, green on top and bluish below, the petiole of the leaf is winged. The stems (height 100-120 cm) end in a branched inflorescence of rather large bright blue baskets. Interesting with original leaves and late (before frost) flowering. The plants are still little known in cultivation, but are promising for use in landscape-style flower beds.
Types and varieties:
The most interesting are the cicerbites and their bluish-violet flowers: the Tien Shan cicerbita (C. thianschanica) - from Central Asia and the alpine cicerbita (C. alpina) - from the Carpathians.
Tsitserbita uralensis (C. uralensis) And large-leaved (C. macrophylla)- from the Caucasus.
All of them are stable in culture and are even capable of forming mass self-seeding.
Growing conditions. Shaded and semi-shaded areas with any sufficiently moist soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sowing before winter or spring) and dividing the bush (in spring). Planting density - 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
Incarvillea (INCARVILLEA). Bignoniaceae family.
The genus contains 14 species growing in Central Asia and Western China, on sunny mountain slopes, in the forest belt. Herbaceous perennials have a thick tap root and a basal rosette of pinnate, lyre-shaped, dense dark green leaves. The peduncles are straight, bearing a terminal racemose inflorescence of 3-5 large tubular flowers, similar to gloxinia. The plants are very impressive.
Types and varieties:
Incarvillea delawaya (I. deiavayi)- height 30 cm, large flowers (4-6 cm in diameter), varieties: “Purpurea”, “Snowtop”.
Incarvillea dense (I. compacta)- height 15 cm, flowers are large (up to 8 cm), purple with a yellow throat.
Incarvillea grandiflora (I. grandifiora)- height 60-80 cm.
Incarvillea Olga (I. oigae)- height up to 150 cm, branched peduncles, small flowers (2 cm in diameter) in paniculate inflorescence.
Growing conditions. Sunny places with loose, light, fertile, well-drained soils.
Reproduction. By seeds (sown in spring), seedlings bloom in the 3rd-4th year. Vegetative propagation is difficult, possibly due to leaf cuttings in June-July. Plants are unstable in central Russia and can fall out in harsh winters, so it is safer to lightly cover them with spruce branches.
IN natural conditions edelweiss grows in the mountains at an altitude of 1.8 km from sea level. The flowering period of this unusual beautiful flower falls on June-August. At this time, edelweiss seems even more beautiful, and the meager vegetable world the mountains only emphasize its splendor. But now, thanks to the painstaking work of breeders, you don’t need to go to the mountains to admire these magnificent flowers. They have taken root well in garden plots; it will be enough to create conditions close to natural.
Description of the plant
Edelweiss flowers are very delicate, but at the same time they are distinguished by their endurance. They tolerate permafrost climate well, so they feel comfortable in stone gardens in the middle zone. The only thing the plant cannot tolerate is heat.
Reproduction methods
The crop can be propagated in 3 ways: cuttings, seeds and dividing the root system. The tops of the shoots are used as cuttings, which take root well in the soil. Cuttings are carried out in May or June. Plants quickly take root and are already next year You can expect new representatives to bloom.
The plant is also easy to propagate by seeds. To do this, you need to use your last year's seeds. If these are not available, you need to purchase them at a specialized garden store.
To plant seeds, you will need a wooden or plastic box, as well as a nutritious soil mixture. You can prepare it yourself.
Soil mixture for edelweiss:
Before sowing seeds, they must be prepared in advance. To do this, planting material is mixed with moist soil and placed in the refrigerator for 3 weeks. After their expiration, the seeds are sown in a prepared box and covered with film or glass in order to create a suitable microclimate for the germination of planting material.
Clematis: plant description, planting and flower care
The optimal temperature for germination is +13−15 degrees. Within 2-3 weeks the first shoots should appear. After their appearance, the seedlings should be freed from film or glass. Seedlings grow very slowly. When they reach 2 cm, they are planted in separate containers for growing.
You can propagate a flower by dividing the root system. This procedure is recommended to be carried out in the spring. A group of plants must be dug up and carefully divided so that each new plant contains a fragment of the root system. Then plant the plant at intervals of 20 cm.
It is necessary to transplant seedlings into open ground at a time when the danger of spring frosts has passed. You can sow planting material directly into open ground. In this case, it is necessary to sow the seeds in a previously prepared place in early spring.
Growing conditions in the garden
Where edelweiss grows, the soil is rocky and loose, so the plant needs to create similar conditions in the garden. The soil should contain a sufficient amount of coarse river sand and small pebbles, thanks to which it will allow moisture to pass through perfectly.
The ideal option would be calcareous soil. But a flower in nature is not spoiled by fertile lands, so it can grow well in any neutral soil. The plant absolutely does not tolerate stagnation of moisture. It is for this reason that the flower cannot be planted in depressions and lowlands. He also does not like drought.
It is important to know that edelweiss does not require organic fertilizers Moreover, they can even harm his health. In spring, the plant should be fed with complex mineral fertilizers. Loosening should be done very rarely.
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Scenario
literary and musical evening
Materials
for the regional competition “Greatness of Feat”
Explanatory note
The day will come with a decisive blow
The people will go into battle for the last time,
And then we will say that it is not without reason
Here they fought to the death for the Caucasus.
(from a wartime song)
Last Velika Patriotic War was a severe test for our people. Among major events war, the battle for the Caucasus occupies a prominent place. The German high command developed a plan for the direct capture of the Caucasus, which received the code name “Edelweiss”. In the fight against the fascist invaders, Hitler’s plans to seize the richest grain regions of the North Caucasus, sources of oil and other types of strategic raw materials were thwarted. The victory of the Soviet army in the battle for the Caucasus was the result of the enormous efforts of the entire people, the peoples of the Caucasus. Victory - wonderful example patriotism and mass heroism of soldiers. From generation to generation we carry the memory of the war, honor veterans, remember those killed in the war.
Literary and musical evening, on the eve of the 65th anniversary of Victory in the Second World War, “Why didn’t Edelweiss bloom in the flower growers’ club, became another thread of memory heroic war. An exhibition with the same name of the evening was arranged, where books of military operations, heroes who fought on the passes of the Caucasus Range were located: Klukhorsky, Naursky, Marukhsky, etc.
This scenario can also be used when conducting lessons of courage for young people, evenings - meetings designed to promote patriotism and study of one’s land.
(The appendices contain photographs and photo chronicles..)
Hall decoration: exhibition “Why Edelweiss did not bloom.”
(Nature music sounds)
Presenter 1: On the top of the cliff where the mountain was lost
Under the curly clouds
The edelweiss flower grew and the winds played
Its thin petals.
N. Cameron
Presenter 2: Hello dear guests, the club meeting today, we dedicate rare flower edelweiss and the failed German operation to capture the Caucasus, which bore the code name “Edelweiss”.
Presenter 1: Protected as a rare species, edelweiss is the legendary flower of lovers. It belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant reaches a height of 10-15 cm. Graceful stems are crowned with proud, star-shaped flowers - the inflorescences of the basket are framed by horizontal pubescent bracts that look like stars. In June-July, on the mountain slopes, at an altitude of about 1800 m, these beautiful flowers bloom, which, against the backdrop of sparse vegetation, seem like just a whim of a wizard who, on a whim, planted this fluffy miracle of nature here. In fact, everything is much simpler - edelweiss prefers to grow in soil rich in limestone and shale. Edelweiss is propagated by seeds or by dividing rhizomes in spring or autumn. Alpine edelweiss grows on rocks and cornices of the Alpine mountains. Representatives of this species form bushes of various sizes and differ in shades of flowers. Blooms alpine edelweiss in June-August. Edelweiss Siberian grows in the mountains of Siberia, Manchuria, Mongolia and Korea. His bushes bigger size than the alpine edelweiss, but the flowers are smaller. It also blooms in June-September, but blooms little. Edelweiss also grows in our Caucasus Mountains.
Presenter 2:
There are many legends about edelweiss - the “silk flower”, as it is called in the Carpathians. Here is one of them. A long time ago, when there were still noble knights and unapproachable princesses in the world, it so happened that one powerful king decided to marry off his beautiful daughter. But the girl turned out to be capricious and rejected all applicants. Finally, the father got angry and announced that if his daughter did not become more prudent, he would marry her to the first person he met. And then the girl came up with a trick: “Father, I was stupid! I will definitely get married. But for the one who brings me as a gift... the edelweiss star flower!
After this, hopeful suitors began to flock to the royal castle again. But as soon as they saw the inaccessible mountain where the edelweiss grew, they got scared and went home. There were also daredevils who tried in vain to get to the star flower and found their death by falling down a steep slope. This went on for many years.
Presenter 1:And then one day a brave knight, having heard about the proud beauty and her whim, decided to try his luck. He began climbing the highest mountain. He walked for a long time to the top, his arms and legs were bleeding, but he still got to the snow-white edelweiss growing on the ledge, plucked it and hid it on his chest. When he went down, reached the royal castle and presented a beautiful flower to the princess, her heart melted, and she fell in love with the knight. But the knight never became her husband, because she was old enough to be his grandmother - for so long no one managed to fulfill her order! Punished for her cunning and cruelty, the princess continued to love the knight until the end of her days. And from the moment he picked the edelweiss, he did not know defeat in any of his endeavors. No wonder people say: the one who picks an edelweiss will find luck and the heart of the one to whom he gives this star flower.
(music fades out)
Presenter 2: This legendary mountain flower - edelweiss - became a symbol of the German code operation "Edelweiss" to seize our territories.
(an excerpt from the song “Holy War” is heard)
Presenter 1: At the beginning of 1942, Soviet military intelligence did not yet have information about the existence of the Operation Edelweiss plan, but the information that Hitler was planning to deliver the main blow in the direction of the Caucasus in the summer of 1942 was confirmed by reports from many sources. These data were supplemented by operational intelligence information, which began to record the increased concentration of German troops on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front. The offensive in the Caucasus developed quickly.
Presenter 2: It was August 1942. Under the pressure of a superior and well-armed enemy, our army was forced to retreat, leaving areas of our Motherland. At the beginning of August 1942, large forces of the German army broke through to the North Caucasus. Danger looms over Stavropol. By the end of August 1942, the Nazis completely occupied the Stavropol Territory. Hitler wanted to destroy the Caucasus by capturing Black Sea Fleet, deprive the country of Grozny, Maikop and Baku oil, take possession of the oil riches of the Middle East and the richest resources of India. In order to overcome the Caucasus Mountains, the 49th Mountain Rifle Corps was created (composed of the 1st and 4th Mountain Rifle, 97th and 101st Light Infantry Divisions). Among them was Hitler's pride - the 1st Mountain Infantry Division "Edelweiss", which was trained in the Alps. Hitler's command had high hopes for her. The 4th Mountain Rifle Division, for which the mountains were their native element, had considerable experience in combat operations in the mountains. All corps units were equipped with special mountain equipment and weapons.
Presenter 1: Concentrating in the area of Nevinnomyssk and Cherkessk, the well-prepared 49th fascist corps, divided into separate detachments, rushed to the Klukhorsky, Marukhsky, Naursky passes of the Main Caucasus Range in mid-August. They managed to capture almost all the passes in the central part of the ridge and hoisted a banner with a swastika on the top of Elbrus on August 21. Berlin newspapers triumphantly reported: “The conquered Elbrus crowns the end of the fallen Caucasus.” The fascist flag did not have to fly for long on the highest mountain in the Caucasus.
Presenter 2: At the passes, soldiers of 3 regiments and one rifle division began to die. At an altitude of 3000 meters, in stubborn battles with enemy forces superior in armament and numbers, with a lack of weapons, without supply bases, experiencing a shortage of ammunition, food, being almost completely cut off from outside world, our troops showed miracles of heroism. Fierce fighting took place at the Klukhor, Marukh, and Naur passes.
Ridges rise behind the ridges,
Their crest is cut with teeth,
The eagle descended from the heights
Caucasian sky on the rocks.
For the native land - fire! –
It rushed from heights to gorges.
For the sun of the Caucasus - fire!
And the mines were landing on the target...
M. Kalachinsky
Presenter 1: Long battles took place at the Marukh Pass, and the Marukh Glacier, crisscrossed with treacherous, snow-covered abysses, changed hands 25 times. By the evening of September 5, 1942, the enemy brought the main forces of the Edelweiss Alpine Division into battle and, with the support of artillery and aviation, captured the Marukh Pass. In stubborn battles, the Red Army soldiers gained a foothold on this line on September 6. Victory did not come immediately. Throughout September there were fierce battles with varying success. Were especially stubborn offensive operations for height 1176 and the gates of the Marukh Pass, which began on September 9, and ended on October 25, 1942, when these heights were taken by the forces of the first battalion of the 810th regiment. Battalions of the 155th and 107th Rifle Brigades also took part in them. It should be noted that the 107th battalion was transferred to the Marukh Pass after it had previously distinguished itself at the Klukhor Pass.
Presenter 2: This battalion was a threat to the Germans in subsequent battles in winter period. She repeatedly rescued the regiment in moments of mortal danger. One December day, a large group of Germans was noticed gathering in a narrow gorge. The mortar men immediately opened massive fire, and the enemy was destroyed. But, unfortunately, one day an avalanche hit the battalion. They were quickly helped by the nearby soldiers of the 155th battalion, who with great difficulty managed to extract several from under the snow; the rest of the soldiers remained forever in the glaciers. The enemy continued to hold the Marukh Pass until January 1943. ... The shooting either died down or intensified, and the top of Kara-Kaya was covered in light, flying snow. The regiment, or rather what was left of it, launched a new attack. The enemy could not withstand the blow and began to retreat towards the pass. In this battle, the advanced detachment of Lieutenant Melnik especially distinguished himself. He marked the beginning of the defeat of the enemy group that had broken through in the Marukh Gorge. Then the success of the detachment was consolidated by the main forces of the regiment. The defenders of the pass took up an insurmountable defense for the enemy. The path to the Germans into the Marukh Gorge was closed forever.
Presenter 1: The defenders of the passes had three enemies: the Nazis, cold and hunger. It was especially difficult for those who were at the pass itself. The winter in the mountains was harsh. Despite the fact that aviation operations in the mountains, frequent rains, fog, and snowfalls were extremely difficult, the pilots provided great assistance to ground troops in supplying them with ammunition, food, and evacuating the seriously wounded. Showing courage and heroism, the pilots of the 588th female night bomber regiment (PO-2), commanded by a major, a native of our Stavropol Territory, also provided great support.
Presenter 2: Our glorious climbers played a significant role in the battles on the passes of the Main Caucasus Range. When they turned around here fighting, required special knowledge of the mountains and techniques for moving in them. A significant number of mountaineering instructors and masters of this sport were sent to the Caucasus. On February 17, 1943, fighter climbers hoisted Soviet flags on the top of Elbrus. In the sky-high heights of the Caucasus, thousands of heroes performed outstanding feats, many gave their lives.
Night.
Mountains.
In the gorge
And cold and darkness.
And there, at the top,
A formidable enemy has settled down.
It needs to be reset
At any cost.
There are a lot of shell casings on the glaciers. They are living witnesses of fierce battles.
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