Asian swimsuit. Asian swimsuit (Trollius asiaticus) - a beautiful ornamental plant - growing and propagating swimsuit Local name of the flower Asian swimsuit

What's in your name

Some refer to the ancient German word "Troll", meaning "ball", associated with the shape of a flower. By the way, in English-language literature there are similar names: “Globeflower” (“Globe flower”) or “Globe flower” (“Flower globe"), indirectly confirming this version.

Others cite the example of the German word "Trollblume", meaning "Troll Flower", which was supposedly held in high esteem by forest fairy-tale inhabitants.

It is possible that the basis was the Swedish word “Troll”, meaning “witchcraft, charm”. Although the plant has nothing in common with the trolls from Scandinavian mythology, which are usually hostile to humans, it carved leaves and the bright lights of the flowers are full of charm. Although the plant has some “harmfulness”, the pungent taste of fresh Trollius grass is poisonous for herbivores, and therefore they fill the earth’s spaces without fear for their lives.

The Russian name “Kupalnitsa” was given to the plant for its love for the wet soils of meadows and forest clearings.

The specific Latin epithet “asiaticus” indicates that for its place of residence this type clan chose Asian lands.

Description

Picturesque leaves, dissected into five diamond-shaped segments, change their habits as they are positioned along the height of the stem. The basal ones are equipped with long petioles, which become shorter higher up the stem, completely disappearing closer to the top. The dimensions of the leaf blade become smaller as the stem grows taller. Each independent segment general sheet also cut into cloves of various sizes. The result of such jewelry work of nature is openwork leaf pentagonal in shape.

The moisture-loving plant blooms in May-June, when the soil is still saturated with the moisture of melted snow, covering forest glades with a continuous orange-red carpet of large flowers that look like miniature roses. The diameter of the flowers reaches 5 (five) centimeters. The sepals and petals are painted the same orange-red color and reliably protect the ovary and stamens, allowing access only to insects that provide pollination services in exchange for flower nectar.

The fruits, without waiting for hot July, ripen by the beginning of its arrival in the form of numerous leaflets.

Healing abilities

In addition to alkaloids, the stems, leaves and flowers of Asiatic Bathhouse contain coumarins, a number of trace elements (for example, calcium, iron, manganese), as well as vitamins that give the plant anti-scorbutic properties.

Needs protection

The Asian swimsuit needs protection from people who barbarically destroy the beauty of nature.

If you are planning a trip across the vastness of Eastern, Western, Central Siberia, along the slopes of Altai, or you are about to travel to Mongolia, then there you will probably catch your eye amazing plant. But, under one condition - if your path passes through a meadow, or you walk through a damp clearing. Well, you’re unlikely to want to visit the extreme northern regions of the tundra, but in vain, that’s where the Asian swimmer grows in large numbers.

Description

Asian bathwort is a rhizomatous plant, a representative of the large ranunculaceae family.

The leaves are dark green, they are large near the ground, the upper leaves are not large, there may be several flowering stems. In the tundra they are short-growing, and rise no higher than 10 cm in height. middle lane In Russia they grow up to a meter. The bright orange flowers are large, their diameter is 5-6 cm, which is why the second name of the plant is “Asian fire”. When they bloom, it seems that the meadow lights up with a million bright lights. The plant, reminiscent of a Chinese rose, does not bloom for long, from May to June, only 20-27 days. The spherical flower of the Asian beauty has a flatter shape than that of the European one. There are more than 20 sepals, 20-25, the flower itself, due to the protruding nectary petals, seems double.

Each fruit contains several leaflets, on average there are 20-30, but sometimes there are more than 50. At the end of July, small black seeds finish ripening.

A plant with unusually beautiful, bright colors used by man since 1759, but only in decorative purposes. Good honey plant, but medical purposes not used as it is considered a poisonous plant. Although, traditional healers believe that treatment of eye diseases, stomach disorders, conditions accompanied by weakness and loss of strength with infusions and decoctions based on Asian bathing bath gives good results. Baths with a swimsuit give a good effect for hemorrhoids, and ointments for ulcers, abscesses and abrasions. It is believed that with its help you can cure scurvy, angina, scabies and even alleviate the suffering of patients with epilepsy. Traditional healers use leaves, stems and flowers of plants to prepare their potions.

Probably many people know the European swimsuit, or kupava, as it is called in Russia. This is a perennial herbaceous plant with large bright yellow flowers. They bloom on Ivan Kupala (old style - June 23). On this ancient Slavic holiday, girls wove wreaths from them and danced around the fire. The Russian name of the flower goes back to it. The botanical name for swimsuits is trollius.

There is no consensus among scientists about the origin of this name. Some believe that this plant, widespread throughout Europe and also found in the Alpine mountains, was considered a talisman of mountain spirits - trolls. According to other sources, it comes from the ancient German word “troll” - ball. Indeed, double flowers swimsuits, consisting of 20 or more petals, have the shape of a ball. In addition to the European, many other types of swimsuits are known: Asian - lives in Western and Eastern Siberia, Dzungarian - in the Alatau, Pamir and Tien Shan mountains, Yunnan - in China, Ledebur - in the Far East, etc. But only Ledebur and Asian swimsuits have flowers are bright orange.

When you look at the clearing, the emerald greenery of which is dotted with bright flowers of the Asian swimsuit, you get the impression that it is all glowing with many lights. Siberians lovingly call them “lights” in Western Siberia, or “frying” - in Eastern Siberia. They bloom early in Siberia, right after the primroses from mid-May to mid-June. There are up to 50 peduncles on one bush. They are straight, without branches, tall (up to 60 cm). This makes them look good in bouquets. Just keep in mind that after cutting, the stems must be immediately immersed in water, otherwise the flowers will quickly fade. But swimsuits look better in the garden. By the way, the bushes of “lights,” after they “blaze,” remain decorative until autumn thanks to their beautiful ornamental foliage.

It is not difficult to grow a swimsuit. You just have to keep in mind that she is moisture-loving. Its root system lies superficially and does not tolerate drying out of the soil. Apparently, this is why in nature it grows either in the partial shade of trees, or in moist meadows near streams, but always on fertile, loose, moisture-absorbing soils. By growing a swimsuit in my garden, I solve this problem simply. The soil on my site is loamy. I dig a hole 30 cm in diameter and half a spade deep, fill it with a mixture of garden soil and compost (1:1), add a glass wood ash, a tablespoon of superphosphate and carefully dig it onto the bayonet of the shovel. When transplanting plants (in July - August), I straighten the roots to the sides and make sure that the bud is not covered with soil. I plant in any place - open to the sun or in the shade of trees, but be sure to mulch the soil with leaves or fir needles in a layer no thicker than 5 cm. This allows you to retain moisture in the soil and eliminates frequent watering. If I do water it, it is not abundant, so that the soil is moistened only in the root layer - three liters per bush. In one place without transplanting, the swimsuit can be grown for 5-7 years. Then the bush should be divided and replanted, otherwise the flowers become smaller and there are fewer of them. The plant is very responsive to fertilizing - nitrogen - in early spring, superphosphate and potassium salt - after flowering, when flower buds are laid. The bathing suit can withstand harsh conditions perfectly Siberian winters under a thick layer of snow and does not need special shelters.

You can propagate the swimsuit by seeds. They are black, shiny, and quite large. They can be sown in the fall of the harvest year or the following spring. In the latter case, they must be stratified. The seeds must be mixed with a moistened substrate (sawdust, sand, peat, etc.), wrapped in a canvas cloth, polyethylene and placed under freezer refrigerator or under the snow, where the temperature is about 0°C. Once a week, the bag should be ventilated, ensure that mold does not appear on the substrate, mix and moisten as necessary. After 2-3 months, the seeds can be sown. It is better to do this in early spring. They are sealed to a depth of 1 cm. The location must be in the shade. Shoots appear after three weeks. During this time, the soil should not be allowed to dry out. I achieve this in the following way: I cover the crops with damp burlap and lightly sprinkle it with straw so that the burlap does not dry out quickly. Once a week I remove the burlap to ventilate and control soil moisture. With this care, the seedlings are friendly and healthy. By autumn, seedlings can be planted on permanent place. The swimsuit blooms from the second year.

The Asian plant is not only a beautiful plant, but also a useful one. She has medicinal properties. In his book “The Herbs of Life and Their Finders,” Professor G.V. Krylov writes: “In folk medicine An aqueous infusion of the Asian bathhouse is used for jaundice, as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-scorbutic agent. A water infusion of the roots is drunk for dropsy, epilepsy and scabies.” This is such a wonderful plant in all respects - Asian swimsuit. I will gladly send seeds to anyone who would like “lights” to glow on their plot. These, as well as the seeds of more than 200 others rare plants, can be ordered from the catalogue. Send an envelope with your address to Gennady Pavlovich Anisimov: 634024, Tomsk, st. 5th Army, 29 – 33 – you will receive the catalog there for free. The catalog can also be obtained from e-mail– send a request by E-mail: [email protected]. The catalog can be found on the website http://sem-ot-anis.narod.ru.

Gennady Anisimov, Tomsk

European Bathhouse, or, as it is also called, Common Bathhouse, is a herbaceous plant that natural conditions grows in Europe and Western Siberia. You can meet the flower in the vast expanses of wet meadows and clearings of mixed forests. Let's take a closer look at this wild plant and its description below.

Externally it is perennial flower height from 20 to 100 centimeters, depending on growing conditions. It has several stems on which rosette-shaped flowers of bright yellow color are located. The leaves are of two types: the lower ones are narrow and long, and the upper ones are small, located directly next to the inflorescence. Flowering time is late spring or early summer.

The name comes from the German “troll-biume”, which means “troll flower”. According to legend, these fairy creatures use the plant to prepare a magic potion.

Difference between European and Asian Swimsuit

European and Asian Swimwort are most often used for planting, since these are the easiest species to grow at home.

Unlike the European Asian (the second name for Zharki) has double inflorescences of rich orange color . Otherwise the species are similar. Both have the same structure and grow in the same climatic conditions.

Useful properties of the plant for humans

Swimsuit from time Ancient Rus' and is still considered a powerful healing plant for a variety of diseases.

In folk medicine, for example, a decoction of flowers is used to treat the stomach, liver, genitourinary system and kidneys. The herb can relieve tumors and swelling. Medicines based on Bathing Suit heal abscesses and inflammations. In addition, the flower has a diuretic and choleretic effect. These are not all diseases that are susceptible to the plant.

How to use the Swimsuit

There are many recipes for treating diseases. All of them should be used by experienced people with extreme caution so as not to cause harm to health.

For example, To cure scurvy, an infusion of flowers is prepared. This will require:

1. A teaspoon of dried inflorescences;
2. 200 milliliters of warm water;

The infusion is used orally daily, 20 grams.

Traditional healers use the plant for the treatment of scabies. To do this, take the root and brew it with a glass of boiling water. Drink the infusion several times a day, 1 tablespoon.

Angina pectoris is also treated with an infusion. Parts of the bush are crushed, brewed with boiling water and left for a day. After this, use 1-2 teaspoons regularly.

Stems can cure cancer. They are brewed with boiling water, squeezed out and applied to the sore spot for 30 minutes. The procedure is carried out 1 or 2 times a day, depending on the stage of the disease.

Contraindications and side effects

Despite their beneficial features- This poisonous plant. Improper use can cause serious harm to health.. Any application medicines based on the flower requires special care.

If the dosage is incorrect, Swimsuit affects nervous system humans, causes allergic reactions and burns. It is strictly forbidden to use by children and pregnant women.

Care

The European swimsuit is easy to care for and does not require much time and effort from gardeners. A few rules should be followed so that the flower develops well and delights with abundant flowering.

Lighting and temperature

It doesn't take much time or effort to choose a place. She feels great in almost any place and grows equally both in the sun and in shady places. Doesn't like being attacked Sun rays. This leads to shredding.

Temperature in summer it should be between 18-25 degrees. There is no need to cover the bush in winter. Swimmingweed is a plant with strong resistance to frost.

Watering and humidity

In dry times, the flower requires a lot of water. It should be watered regularly. IN autumn period Watering is reduced by half, which allows the plant to prepare for hibernation.

Doesn't like stagnation groundwater. As a result, the roots begin to rot.

For better development in the spring they apply nitrogen fertilizer, in the fall they fertilize with superphosphate and ash. A good effect is obtained by constantly adding humus-rich soil to the base of the stems.

Soil and fertilizer

Not demanding on buds and fertilizers. But for lush flowering and growth, it is still worth carrying out measures to cultivate the soil. The best option there will be soil consisting of peat and sand. For the plant, it is necessary to loosen the top layer of soil as often as possible.

You can fertilize the plant during active growth from mid-spring. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are suitable for these purposes. In autumn, fertilize with regular ash.

Choosing a pot

The European swimsuit is a decorative garden plant, which is usually planted in open ground. But many gardeners, for decorative purposes, plant it in pots and place them outside at the entrance of the house or along the path. Root system The flower is small and fibrous in shape. Therefore, deep dishes are not required. It's better if it's wide. The roots should fit freely and not bend in the pot. The material of the dishes can be absolutely any.

Diseases and pests

The swimsuit is very rarely affected by diseases and pests. For proper development of the flower, it is recommended to treat it with ash and feed it with fertilizers from time to time.

For prevention, at the beginning of flowering it is worth treating the bush with an epin solution.. To avoid fungal diseases, the plant is cleaned of old leaves in early autumn.

When insects appear on the stems, they are immediately treated with any insecticidal agent.

Transfer

As for replanting the Swimsuit, it should be done in mid-summer after flowering. At this time, the plant begins a dormant period.

Using a garden shovel, the bush is carefully dug up and transferred to the hole. If the soil is loose, drainage layer not required. In other cases it should be at least 10 centimeters. The roots are covered with soil and watered well. In a few days the plant will get stronger and take root in its new location.

Reproduction

Reproduction of the European Swimsuit is carried out in two ways: by seeds and by dividing the bush..

1. Seed method. The event takes place in the fall. Immediately after collecting the seeds, they are sown in the ground. Otherwise, they may later lose their ability to germinate. Seeds are placed in open ground to a depth of several centimeters and watered. Cover everything on top with soil and lightly compact the soil by slamming it down with your hand. There is no need to cover for the winter. In spring, the first shoots will appear at the sowing site.
2. Dividing the bush. Bathing bushes can be divided in early spring (before flowering) or autumn (early September). Division is most effective in the autumn.

The bush is divided into small parts so that several buds remain on each of them. When planting in the ground, the root collar is located a couple of centimeters below the surface. After planting, be sure to mulch.

Since the roots of the seedling dry out quickly, the holes for planting should be prepared in advance.

At the end of all procedures, watering is carried out, and after a few days, fertilizer can be applied.

European swimsuit is one of the few beautiful plants, which can grow on its own without special care, for which flower growers fell in love with her.

Asian swimsuit

Asian swimmer, or Asian fireweed (Trollius asiaticus)

grassy perennial genus Bathing suit of the Buttercup family (Ranunculaceae).

There are many folk names of this plant - kupava, kupavnitsa, kupavka, frying, lights, Siberian rose; they all characterize the flower to one degree or another.

Asian swimsuit blooms brightly orange flowers, in contrast to the European swimsuit, which blooms with yellow flowers and grows naturally in the European part of Russia.

Asian swimsuit

The Asian swimsuit is called “Ogonki” in Western Siberia, and “zharki” in Eastern Siberia.

At the beginning of summer, when the soil warms up well and the heated sun announces the beginning of the swimming season, in the forest on the edges, wet meadows and damp meadows, spherical flowers of the swimsuit, 70-80 cm high, bloom together, as if on command, illuminating the entire surrounding space with deep orange flowers 5 cm across.

Flowering lasts from two to three weeks to a month, depending on your luck with the weather.

Bathwort is a perennial and, like many of its relatives, has healing properties.

Valued as an early May-June honey plant that produces a large number of nectar

Asian swimsuit

In folk medicine, a decoction of flowers and herbs is used for liver diseases and angina. Epilepsy, scabies and dropsy are treated with water infusions.

The Asian swimmer grows well in the garden and overwinters without shelter.

When choosing a place to plant, pay attention to an area with diffused light. It could be a cozy place under high decorative bushes or rocky hill. The main thing is that the bright sun does not shine on the swimsuit for a long time.

On one bush there are up to 50 straight peduncles up to 60 cm high.

Bushes of “lights,” after they “blaze,” remain decorative until autumn thanks to their beautiful ornamental foliage.

Asian swimsuit

The swimsuit has no requirements for the composition of the soil, so there is no need for serious preparations before planting. But good influence Medium loamy soil will affect flower development. It is also desirable that there is no stagnation of water in the selected area.

The plant needs to be watered often, but without excess: the bathing suit should be in moist soil without stagnant water. Any deviations towards underwatering or overwatering will negatively affect the growth and flowering of the crop. This point is especially important in caring for young bushes.

Landing: They can be sown in open ground before winter. When sown in spring, they require 2-3 months. stratification.