Buying a summer cottage - happy event in the life of every person. And it’s good if there is already a good house on the site. However, even in the absence of a residential building, you can easily solve this problem by doing the construction of the house yourself. It doesn't have to cost a lot of money. Exist interesting projects country houses, allowing you to build full-fledged residential buildings with your own hands from available materials.

simplest country house can be built from logs, cement and sawdust. Even these basic materials make it possible to build a beautiful, reliable and warm structure. Moreover, such a house will be completely environmentally friendly and safe for human health. Instead of cement, you can use a mixture of clay, straw and sand.

First step

Make a foundation. The structure will weigh quite little, so a simple strip foundation or a columnar foundation, which is more preferable in such situations, will do.

Second step

Prepare the base for the house. For the bottom trim, it is recommended to use the highest quality timber possible. Before laying the timber, you need to lay reliable waterproofing on the foundation. Also, the beam of the lower trim must be waterproofed on top.

For additional rigidity, the strapping beam should be braided with wire. The load-bearing walls of the house are made up of wooden poles. At the end you should have a stable frame structure.

Third step

Place rollers of cement or clay-sand mortar on top of the waterproofing of the lower trim. Fill the gaps between such rollers with sawdust and begin laying out the firewood. Before laying, it is recommended to soak the firewood with an antiseptic composition.

Fourth step

Take a round knife and use it to spread the solution between the stacked firewood. Over time, the wood will dry out, and you will need to fill the gaps with mortar as they appear.

Fifth step

Lay the walls out of wood in layers. They laid a layer - filled all the existing gaps with sawdust - laid a new layer and so on until the end. As a result, you will have already insulated walls.

Sixth step

Sand the edges of the wood with sandpaper. Any kind of burrs will additionally retain moisture, so you need to get rid of them especially carefully.

At the end, all you have to do is fold the simplest rafter system and install the selected roofing material. Give advantage lightweight materials. For example, bitumen is well suited for the roof of such a house.

The inside of the wall can be plastered, lined with clapboard or finished at your discretion. The outside walls are usually left unchanged. In any case, do finishing It is recommended not earlier than after 1-2 years, because During this time the wood will shrink. You will have to fill all the cracks that appear with the previously mentioned materials.

The simplest hut house can be erected with minimal financial investment.

First stage. Make a standard pile foundation and tie it with prefabricated beams.

Second phase. Install the house floor beams. The basis of such a structure is represented by rafters in the form of the letter “A”. The rafters are installed on a pre-insulated floor. If the house will have a large height, the elements are spliced rafter system in height.

Third stage. Cover the outside walls of the house with OSB boards.

Fourth stage. Stretch wind- and moisture-proof material such as isospan over the sheathed walls.

Fifth stage. Cover the roof slopes with the OBS boards you are already familiar with. This cladding will be a good basis for rolled roofing material. If desired, you can install a standard sheathing on the roof and use other finishing materials - corrugated sheets, metal tiles, etc.

Before laying the finishing roofing material, the roof must be insulated. Typically, mineral wool is used for insulation. While performing this work, do not forget about the need to create ventilation gaps. To organize them, a counter-lattice is installed - it is enough to nail the transverse strips to the elements of the sheathing to create a small gap.

Install ventilation grilles from the bottom of the roof that will allow air to circulate normally in the under-roof space.

Excellent DIY earthen house

A house made of earth is one of the most ancient types of residential buildings known to mankind. If you follow the technology, you can get a durable, fire-resistant and fairly warm building from ordinary soil, which does not require almost any financial investment for its construction.

First stage

Prepare the foundation for your future home. At the same time, prepare the main building materials for the construction of the house in question - bags filled with compacted earth. For the foundation, dig trenches about 50-60 cm deep. Select the width individually - it should correspond to the width of the bags of earth.

Fill the prepared trenches with crushed stone. The backfill must be thoroughly compacted. Cover the entire area under the future earthen house with approximately a 20-centimeter layer of crushed stone.

Second phase

Place waterproofing material on the backfill.

Third stage

Draw the circles of the future walls using a construction compass. It is desirable that the house have a round shape. Of course, you can build an ordinary rectangular building from bags of earth, but round walls characterized by the highest strength.

Fourth stage

Place the first layer of pre-prepared bags on top of the previously laid waterproofing material. The mixture in these bags should include soil, sand, cement powder and crushed stone.

Fill the bags to approximately 80-85% of the volume and compact them as thoroughly as possible. Each bag used should be shaped like a rectangle, like a brick. For better compaction, the mixture in the bag should be slightly moistened with water. Sew the valves of the bags with ordinary wire.

Be especially careful when laying out the first row of bags. Everything must be done in strict accordance with the previously applied markings. Compact the bags and moisten them a little with water.

Fifth stage

Lay 2 rows of barbed wire on the first layer of masonry. In this case, the barbed wire will take on the functions of a reinforcing layer. Immediately seal all punctures and tears in the bags with gray adhesive tape. This is waterproof plumbing tape.

Sixth stage

Start laying out the walls. Door frames and install window frames immediately. Line each row of earthbags with a double layer of barbed wire. Additionally, you can secure the wire using staples.

Seventh stage

Fill the seams between the individual bags with a mixture of sand, cement, chopped straw and lime.

The bags need to be laid with some displacement of the seams, approximately the same as with traditional brickwork.

Having reached the height of a person, you can begin to shift each row of laid material to increase the strength of the walls being built.

The laid walls are plastered. Before applying the plaster, the bags should be treated with cement laitance and allowed to dry. Plastering is carried out using a steel painting mesh.

At the junctions of the walls, perform additional reinforcement with the same barbed wire.

The interior decoration of an earthen house is usually limited to simple plastering.

Finally, all that remains is to arrange the roof of the earthen house. First install the beam supports - they need to be securely clamped between the bags. Sheathe the floors with OSB boards and lay them on top finishing material. The optimal coating option for this case is bitumen.

After completing all the basic work, you can cover the walls of your earthen house with finishing plaster or paint.

If desired, even an ordinary change house can be converted into a completely comfortable country house.

First stage. Prepare a strip concrete foundation. It is also possible to use columnar foundation, however, you must first make sure that the soil in the area is not subject to severe frost heaving.

Second phase. Allow the base concrete to gain at least half its original strength, and then install the cabin on the foundation. A crane will help you with this. Adjust the position of the change house using boards. Pre-treat the boards with an antiseptic and place them under the runners of the building.

Third stage. Assemble the frame of the extension to the shed. To do this, use a 10x5 cm beam. Install supports on the veranda and triple the horizontal purlins under the rafters.

Fourth stage. Sew siding or other selected material onto the outside of the cabin walls. For additional insulation, insert mineral wool into the sheathing and cover it with plastic film.

Insulate the floor and walls of the extension. The inside of the insulation must be covered with a vapor barrier material.

Fifth stage. Complete the exterior cladding of the house. It is more convenient and efficient to use vinyl siding for this.

Sixth stage. Lay out the roof. Metal tiles are best combined with siding. Otherwise, when choosing finishing coating Focus on your preferences and financial capabilities.

Seventh stage. Attach snow guards to roof slopes. Insulate the attic as desired.

Eighth stage. Execute interior decoration house. For example, the walls can be covered with plasterboard, covered with a couple of layers of putty and painted. Level the floors and install your preferred flooring.

As a result, the old change house after the extension additional room and simple finishing works turns into a very comfortable house with a separate bedroom and a large living room-kitchen.

Thus, a wide variety of materials can be used to build country houses. Craftsmen have adapted almost everything found in nature, and even straw, for such work!

Now you know how to build from available and inexpensive materials, and you can build a reliable, safe and comfortable house on your summer cottage.

Good luck!

Video – DIY country house projects

Having received ownership of a summer cottage, almost everyone dreams of building a large house or even an estate. But if you only own a few hundred square meters, then the best thing to do would be to build a small garden house with your own hands.

Such construction will not require large investments, but upon completion you will have a wonderful building that can be equipped for temporary residence, storage of tools and for other purposes.

Garden house design

Even such “small-sized” construction should begin with the preparation of a set of design documentation. The design of a garden house must include:

• Floor plans indicating the overall dimensions of each room
• structural units at the junction of walls, floors and ceilings
• Drawings of roof and floor supports
• Vertical section of the building with the main marks (bottom of the foundation, ceiling height and finished floor)
• Diagrams of communication networks - electrical, water supply, sewer and gas, indicating connection points to the mains

Drawings are made to scale with obligatory observance of proportions. It is better to indicate linear dimensions in millimeters. An explanatory note describing the solutions developed, indicating the building materials used and their quantities should be attached to the project for building a garden house with your own hands.

Space planning

When choosing a location for a garden house, you must take into account that lowlands where water accumulates are not suitable for this. The best option would be the highest point on the site in its northern or northwestern part, at least three meters from the boundary.

One-story buildings with an attic are considered the most convenient as garden houses. which can be used to store household supplies and equipment. If you also build a terrace, you can equip it with a real dining room.

When choosing a two-story house to build, it is best to build the second floor in the attic. On the ground floor it is customary to equip a kitchen with huge windows and a room with a staircase.

Having a basement is not the best solution for a garden house. It will contribute to freezing of the room in winter, which will negatively affect thermal protection. In addition, the basement is often flooded by spring waters.

Construction materials and tools

You can build a small garden house with your own hands from brick, foam concrete or aerated concrete blocks and other materials.

But the main building material for load-bearing structures is pine timber with a square section of 100x100 mm with one planed side, formative outer surface the buildings. The edges of the timber must be chamfered.

For all other elements of the house (ceiling, floor, beams, rafters, doors and windows) you can use pine lumber.

All materials require mandatory preliminary drying, and their level of humidity must be the same so that there is no shrinkage and deformation of the house when the wooden elements dry unevenly.

Also for construction you will need:

• Thermal insulation materials and available insulation materials
• Asbestos cement slabs
• Antiseptic for wood
• Ruberoid
• Nails
• Polyurethane foam
• Plaster
• Dye
• Floor slats
• Decoration Materials

You can build a garden house with your own hands only using timber, slats, boards, doors and windows.

To work you need the following tools:

• Cordless drill
• Hand-held circular and miter saw
• Hammer
• Pencil
• Ruler
• Marking cord
• Flat brush
• Adhesive tape

Garden house construction technology

To simplify it yourself, you should use the principle modular design, which consists of the following steps:

1. Laying the foundation
2. Construction of wall elements
3. Creating a rafter system
4. Roofing
5. Installation of windows and doors

The facade of the house can be supplemented with a canopy, which is useful for shelter from rain or scorching sun.

Laying the foundation

The foundation is laid below the soil freezing depth, taking into account the level of location groundwater.

For a heavy garden house (made of concrete, stone or brick), a strip foundation is required around the entire perimeter; for a wooden house, a columnar foundation is more suitable. It is also recommended to install it in regions with large freezing depths.

Suitable materials for the foundation are natural stone, concrete and rubble concrete. Below the waterproofing layer, it is recommended to use concrete, clay bricks and cement mortar.

In the basement part it is necessary to install waterproofing at a height of 0.2-0.5 m from the ground. If the soil is dry, it is enough to make a cement-sand screed of 2-3 cm; if it is wet, then you need to lay roofing material over the screed in two layers. You can also stick it to a dry screed using hot mastic.

If the house has a basement, you need to create a waterproofing belt in both the basement and the foundation. The basement waterproofing should be located below the floor joists. To ventilate the subfloor, small holes are made in the base and covered with a protective mesh.

A blind area of ​​at least 0.7 m wide is made around the base, which should have a slight slope from the walls of the house and protrude beyond the overhang of the cornice. To create it, the top layer of soil with vegetation is removed, clay with gravel or crushed stone embedded in it is trampled down along this strip, and then covered with concrete or fine-grained asphalt.

Walling

The basis of the walls is rough timber, laid along the perimeter of the foundation in one row and fastened with nails. Waterproofing strips of roofing material are placed under it.

To create the frame of the house, 4 pillars are dug into the corners, the lower part of which is pre-wrapped with roofing felt.

From below they are attached to the rough timber, from above - to temporary braces, which are pre-positioned vertically along a plumb line. The frame elements are fastened with long nails.

After creating a rigid frame, its internal and external finishing is carried out. Between the edges of the corners, pieces of timber are laid in advance, layered with layers of flax tow, which are fastened together with 150 mm nails. At the same time, the verticality of the walls is constantly checked using a plumb line.

As the work progresses, door and window frames are installed.

Floor and ceilings

To create a floor, beams are first laid, a subfloor made of edged planed boards is laid on top, and then a finished floor made of slats.

A clay screed is made on this floor, covered with insulation and another layer of roofing material. After this, a two-centimeter cement-sand screed is applied.

Antiseptic impregnation of the appropriate color is suitable as a coating.

The ceiling beams on the first floor create the frame for the floor on the second floor. These coverings are made from planed edged boards, and the space between them is filled with large sawdust. The ceiling is covered with clapboard along with the walls, and the floor of the second floor is covered with lath. Attic floors are made in the same way. In this case, their beams will rest at their ends on the load-bearing walls.

Roof installation

The roof of a garden house built with your own hands should be one- or two-slope. It consists of a roof (covering) and rafters on which lathing or flooring is placed.

The easiest way to construct inclined rafters. In such a system, the rafter legs are cut into the upper frame of the wall or into the mauerlat laid along the perimeter of the top of the wall. A sheathing of boards is attached to the rafters, nailing them staggered or end-to-end parallel to the ridge.

It is most rational to make the roof from corrugated slate. When laying, the edges of the sheets should overlap by one wave, and in vertical position- 10-15 cm on top of each other. Each side is secured with nails or screws. If the roof slope is small, then roofing material is laid parallel to the ridge under the asbestos-cement sheets with an overlap. Roof fractures and ridges are covered with special shaped parts.

In addition, you can roof with other roofing materials. For example, soft sheet tiles "". It is an alloy of rubber and plastic. In most respects it is superior to commercially available materials of a similar type.

Or metal tiles. It doesn't load much truss structure, since it weighs 4.5 kilograms per square meter. Mounted on roofs of any type with a slope of 14 degrees (ideal slope - 20-25 degrees). Used in all regions of the country, including the northernmost. The process of installing metal tiles with your own hands is discussed in detail.

Or, cover the roof with bitumen shingles. This material has unique performance characteristics and is used to cover roofs in all regions. The technology for installing flexible tiles is discussed in detail.

The final stage

After completion of construction, it is necessary to install door and window blocks, and then manufacture and attach architectural details - door frames, front boards cornices and gables, porch posts, etc.

It should be borne in mind that for the manufacture of these elements it is impossible to use material that remains after construction. Only selected wood is needed High Quality.

Upon completion of construction, you can begin designing a garden house with your own hands, both internal and external.

Video about building a garden house with your own hands

Each of us dreams of a quiet and cozy country house, where we can escape from the bustle of the city and just relax. Modern construction technologies make it possible to purchase a garden house already in finished form or build it yourself. In this article we will tell you how much it costs to build a garden house, what documents are needed to put it into operation and whether it is possible to do without them.

Budget option for a country house made of plywood

Garden house projects made from plywood take less time to build than houses made from timber. Due to the use of large sheets of plywood for cladding the structure, they are fastened much faster than wood. If you know all the processes and have the necessary materials, plywood garden houses can be built in a week. In general, plywood is the simplest and inexpensive material. In order to facilitate the construction process, experts suggest the following stages of construction. So, how to build a garden house from plywood:

• foundation support devices;
• construction of the frame;
• erection of vertical rafter supports;
• upper and lower skin;
• creating a subfloor using boards 20 cm thick or more;
• external cladding of the house with plywood; ordinary screws are used as fasteners;
• The interior cladding of the house involves the use of plywood, plasterboard, chipboard or fiberboard;
• for a comfortable stay inside the room, it is worth insulating it: a layer of mineral insulation is laid between the layers of cladding;
• installation of a finished floor using laminate boards or linoleum;
• covering the rafters with plywood;
• covering plywood with roofing felt.

Important! You can move around the frame only after the concrete has completely hardened.

To give an attractive appearance, you can use external cladding made of siding or wooden lining. Windows in the house can be installed from wood or any other material. The video shows how you can build a garden house with your own hands

Construction of a house from timber

The project of a garden house made of timber involves the use of simple or profiled timber. Country houses can be built from this material either with the help of specialists or independently. The plan of a house made of timber allows you to build various structures. For example, you can do timber house with veranda or terrace. Before building a house, you need to decide on the type of foundation. As a rule, for houses made of timber, a columnar or strip type of foundation is used. When designing a small dacha, the best option would be a columnar foundation, for big houses with an attic it is better to use a strip one. The construction of the foundation begins with laying concrete slabs on a compacted layer of sand, and lowering it 15 cm into the ground. When the foundation is ready, a layer of roofing felt waterproofing is laid on it. Next, the frame is constructed and laid on the base supports. Then install vertical supports. The photo shows the frame of a garden house made of timber

If you like houses with a veranda, the lower logs are extended to the required length and installed on additional supports. To install the floor, you can use a thick board. When the floor is ready, the timber walls are laid. Dowels are used to secure the connections; a new crown is laid after the insulation layer. Insulation is necessary for each layer; jute or tow can be used as a material. Next we arrange the roof. To do this, we install rafters and braces. After everything is sheathed with roofing felt, finishing work is carried out on floor covering. As a rule, linoleum or board is used as a covering. The next stage of construction will be the installation of windows and doors. The outside of your home can be made more attractive with siding or clapboard. A house built from timber is quite cheap and warm.

Garden house layout and cost

Construction of a dacha presupposes the presence of a small and simple building on garden plot. As a rule, such houses are built in a small area, with one or two rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom, and a stove (if such are provided for in the building design). The photo shows standard projects of suburban structures:

If you decide to build a garden house with your own hands, we recommend choosing a small house measuring 4x6 or 6x6. The photo shows a cottage measuring 6x6

If you like space, you can take a 6x8 house project. The photo shows a project for a two-story garden house measuring 6x8

Such projects can rightfully be considered comfortable, cozy and roomy enough for temporary living by the whole family. But how much it costs to build a garden house will depend on the materials chosen and the use of additional force. average cost an ordinary country house will cost:

• installing the foundation on your own will cost $150, and with the involvement of specialists - $250;
• interior decoration will cost $700;
• a house with a frame, ready-made partitions, windows and doors can cost from 3,000 to 4,000 thousand dollars;

Paperwork

When construction is completed, you need to think about the documents. Any building must legally stand on a plot of land, regardless of whether it was built by a gardening partnership or you yourself. To obtain the right to property, the following documents are required:

• obtain a construction passport for land development. Such a document is issued by local architecture;
• submit an application to the architectural and construction inspection notifying the start of construction;
• carry out a technical inventory of the building; such work is performed by professional appraisers who have special permission to carry out such work;
• submit a declaration of commissioning of the property;
• assign the building its own postal address (addresses are assigned to residential and country buildings);
• pay a contribution for infrastructure development, as a rule, such contributions are made either by a partnership or by the owner of the house individually;
• obtain a certificate of ownership of the building from the state registration service.

Of course for gardening partnership Such documents are completed faster; the number of participants in the horticultural society plays a role here. In addition to the documents described above, there are also requirements for the construction itself. The most expensive and difficult thing is to obtain a construction passport, because... there are quite a large number of norms and building regulations regulating development conditions. Common construction requirements include:

• the distance from your house to the neighboring one should be 0.8 m;
• the distance to the border of your site should be 1 m;
• distance to the street - 3 m;
• the distance of the house to utilities and networks is 3 m.

Expert advice! Do not agree to “fake documents”; this will only complicate the situation and lead to unnecessary waste.

As you can see, the construction of country houses is considered simple and accessible to everyone. To realize your dream, you need to draw up documents and choose a building project.

Filimonov Evgeniy

Reading time: 8 minutes

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DIY garden house

How to build a garden house with your own hands, stages of construction, how to insulate a house, tips on building a foundation, walls and roof. Interior and exterior finishing.

A large number of people, if they don’t already have it, then at least in their minds want their own summer cottage and, of course, to have a garden house built on it. To save on construction, many create small structures with their own hands, but if opportunities allow, it can be built to a more impressive size.

This article will help you create the garden house of your dreams, after reading it you will learn the design features of a garden house, what tools are used for this, how the laying takes place reliable foundation, the nuances of constructing the frame and the correct execution of the cladding. How to perform high-quality insulation, what a foam coat is and why you need a ventilated façade.

How to correctly create and take into account a garden house project, competent planning space, technology for constructing a garden house, reliability of wall construction, formation of high-quality floors and ceilings, how to install a roof, the nuances of creating a country house. How much does it cost to build a garden house?
Proper construction of the roof and attic, high-quality interior and exterior finishing of the structure, how to install ceiling joists.

What are economy class houses, revealing the issues of building a panel structure, what materials are best used for this.

Today, construction technologies offer the construction of garden houses not only from classic materials (logs, cinder blocks, bricks), but also using sheets of plywood, OSB, aerated concrete blocks, foam blocks, timber, etc.

But it is plywood garden houses that have excellent soundproofing and thermal insulation characteristics together with ease of execution and inexpensive construction costs.

Another advantage of this construction is the opportunity to make a house out of plywood with your own hands. This allows you to significantly reduce the cost of hiring professional teams. But it must be borne in mind that garden houses made of timber and plywood have some disadvantages, for example, the vulnerability of the latter to aggressive actions external environment. Accordingly, additional measures must be taken to protect this building material, and this, in turn, increases costs.

Plywood is also an unsafe building material for home residents in terms of penetration by intruders. Therefore, when building a garden house from timber and plywood, external finishing work is required, for example, siding, which, in addition to decoration, also hides the main material used in construction from prying eyes.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeniy

Country houses are built according to frame technology, which is gaining increasing popularity in many

Countries of the world.

This is explained by its main advantages:

• there is no need to rent special construction equipment;
• no strong foundation required;
• the country house has excellent characteristics regarding energy saving;
• the ability to quickly complete construction work;
• Due to the lightness of the structure and the materials used during construction, the walls do not shrink.

But the wood that is used to build a house (boards for roof sheathing, bars for wall frames) must be dry, and plywood sheets must have a minimum of chips at the edges. In addition, all wood materials must be additionally treated with special compounds that can provide the required fire safety and also protect against moisture.

The construction of a frame plywood house can be divided into the following stages:

• foundation construction;
• construction of wall frames and plywood cladding;
• roof installation;
• insulation;
• finishing works (internal and external).

Tools

To build a house you will need the following tools:

• level;
• roulette;
• marker;
• saw;
• hammer;
• plumb line;
• screwdriver;
• axe;
• Bulgarian;
• electric drill.

Laying the foundation

A massive foundation for a frame small garden house is not required, but for this the house must be made with strict adherence to all technologies. Reinforced concrete foundation blocks, strip foundations with a recess, cast-in-place piles - all these types of foundations are suitable for starting the construction of a frame house. As a rule, a strip foundation is used.

When there are significant differences in terrain, it is best to use a pile foundation. This will make it possible to level the structure of the house and avoid distortions with minimal consumption of building materials and normal strength of the base.

Materials required for organizing the foundation of a plywood house:

• crushed stone, sand;
• concrete (ready-made or its components: fine crushed stone, cement, sand);
• pipe for floor ventilation;
• reinforcing bars.

Before starting construction, you need to mark the territory yourself and use pegs and rope to mark the boundaries of the future structure. It is best that the place where the house will be installed is level. A trench is dug along a given contour, no more than 60 cm wide and 70 cm deep. This depth is quite enough to ensure the required reliability and strength for a frame house. The bottom of the trench is compacted, then covered with a layer of sand and compacted again.

Then a layer of fine crushed stone is poured in and compacted. Such a pillow will distribute the load evenly and can provide waterproofing of the lower layer of the base. To improve the density of the cushion, a small amount of water is used when compacting crushed stone and sand. Then you need to construct formwork, which can be made from boards, securing them to each other with jumpers on nails. You can prevent concrete leaks while pouring the foundation by using plywood sheets 7-8 mm thick as formwork.

After the foundation dries and the formwork is removed, these sheets can be used again. The height above ground level of the strip foundation should be approximately 45-50 cm. To ensure that the formwork does not lose its shape during concrete pouring, the upper elements are connected to each other by transverse slats.

The reinforcement is laid both across the formwork and along it. Moreover, you need to leave the ends of the reinforcing bars above the level of the foundation for subsequent fastening of the frame. In several areas, a pipe is inserted into the formwork, the length of which is equal to the width of the foundation. This creates sufficient ventilation for the floor.

Then the foundation is poured with ready-made concrete or crushed stone, sand, and cement are mixed in a 2:3:1 ratio with water. During pouring, you need to compact the solution a little to prevent voids from appearing. The surface must be smoothed with a trowel or a rule so that the top layer of the base is as smooth as possible. Once the foundation has hardened (approximately one week, depending on depth and weather conditions), further construction can begin.

Frame and cladding

Then, to build a plywood country house with your own hands, you need to assemble a frame.

The construction of the frame is step by step execution the following stages of work:

1. A waterproofing layer is laid on top of the base, which is most often chosen as roofing material.
2. A lower frame is constructed from timber 15x15 cm or boards with a cross-section of 15x5 cm, which is fixed to the foundation reinforcement. The same timber is used to make logs for the future floor covering, installing them in the lower frame. The space between the soil and the joists can be filled with expanded clay. Fastening is performed using metal corners and anchor bolts. The logs must be laid clearly in level. A beam measuring 2x2 cm is attached to the bottom of the log. Plywood sheets 1.5 cm thick, cut to size, are laid on top of this beam, and secured with self-tapping screws. Mineral wool is laid for insulation. Then a film for waterproofing is laid, secured with staples using a construction stapler. Then plywood sheets about 2 cm thick are fastened with self-tapping screws. The installation of the subfloor is complete.
3. The racks are installed vertically at a distance of at least one meter from each other, taking into account the design of the house. To strengthen the entire structure, jumpers are fixed horizontally between them. The supports must be fixed clearly vertically in level, without any distortions. For fixation, it is best to use temporary supports. When installing crossbars and supports, it is necessary to leave window and door openings.
4. An upper harness is installed on top of them, its arrangement is similar to the lower one. Here the floor beams are fixed, and then the rafter beams for constructing the roof.
5. After constructing the frame, you only need to cover the outside with sheets of plywood. Fastening is carried out using self-tapping screws using a screwdriver with a distance of at least 40 cm.
6. Then insulation is made around the entire perimeter and attached on top vapor barrier film, which is overlapped and secured with staples.
7. Sheets of plywood inside the house are also secured with a screwdriver to self-tapping screws. The joints that occur between the plywood sheets must be puttied, and the gaps that appear between the walls and the foundation must be filled with construction foam. After the foam has dried, its excess is removed with a knife.
8. Boards measuring 15x2 cm are attached to the top trim, thus creating a ceiling lathing. When the project provides for a residential building with two floors, then boards need to be chosen with a larger section. Sheets of plywood are attached to this sheathing, and the vapor barrier layer, on top of which they place mineral insulation. Then the vapor barrier layer is re-laid and covered with plywood sheets, which are secured with self-tapping screws.

In-wall insulation

• The frame, sheathed on the outside, is covered with a waterproofing film.
• Mineral insulation slabs are installed inside the frame in the spacer.
• Then the whole thing is covered with a vapor barrier.
• The inside of the frame is sheathed with two layers of plasterboard or OSB boards.

Foam coat

Foam plastic grade C25 or more is used for external wall decoration:

The foam plastic is fixed with cement glue, and the adhesive beacons can compensate for the unevenness of the wall surface. For additional fastening of the slabs, plastic dowel umbrellas are used.

Apply on top of the foam wide spatula the same cement glue, then reinforcement is embedded into it - fiberglass mesh with a cell size of 3x3 mm and a density of at least 170 g/m2. The mesh is glued with the strips overlapping by 70-80 mm.

Then the mesh is covered with a layer of glue so as to hide its texture.

Subsequent finishing is at the discretion of the owner of the house. As a rule, the walls are finished with decorative plaster or painted facade paint. Instead of polystyrene foam, you can use glued boards mineral wool. At the same time, they are much safer in terms of fire spread, however, they will cost much more.

Ventilated facade

If the vapor permeability of the walls is most important, then a ventilated facade is made:

• A sheathing is constructed on the walls (using a galvanized profile or timber).
• Mineral wool slabs are inserted into the spacer between the sheathing elements or under it, secured with dowel-umbrellas.
• The top of the insulation is covered with a windproof membrane.
• Afterwards, the facade is covered with siding along the sheathing.

Garden house project

Millions of summer residents are added to the army of garden house builders every year. After all, the question arises: where to live in the summer, how to arrange a dacha, and where to store tools? You can, of course, build a big house, or even better - build a family estate! But if you only have a few acres at your disposal, then why not build a small garden house with your own hands. In addition, construction will not take a lot of time and money, and there is no need to bring in “heavy artillery”.

Before building a garden house, you need to take care of a set of design documentation. But first, decide for what purpose you want to build such a structure, and what functions the house should perform.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeniy

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

The main purpose of the garden house is for temporary residence in summer time and off-season, as well as infrequent visits in winter.

But, despite all this, at any time it should be warm, dry, light, cozy and comfortable. And it should smell nice!

In hot summer weather, the house should be cool. Early autumn and in spring in wet weather it should be quite warm here. In frosty weather, the garden house must be heated quickly and up to comfortable temperatures, if you plan to visit him. From the standpoint of operation, as a capital structure, a house should not require daily maintenance or too burdensome preparation for winter and back.

The house should have electricity and drinking water all year round (well, at least in the summer). It should be possible to shelter quite a lot of people for several days, for example, in the event of the arrival of unexpected guests or relatives. It is better when all the rooms are multifunctional: depending on the time of year, the room can be used as a bedroom in summer and in winter as a storage area for things, household items, and garden furniture.

The design of a garden house, first of all, must contain floor plans and an indication of the overall dimensions of all rooms. Separately, drawings of structural units where the walls meet the floor and ceiling, roof and floor supports must be submitted. It is necessary to have a vertical section of the building, where all the main marks are indicated: the bottom of the foundation, the level of the ceiling and the finished floor.

Another item on the list of the house design is diagrams of communication networks - electrical, water supply, gasification and gas supply, indicating the locations of connections to the main lines. Complete all drawings to scale, maintaining proportions. It is best to indicate linear dimensions in millimeters.

The garden house project is crowned with an explanatory note, which contains characteristics of the developed solutions, the building materials used and their required quantity. Such detailed information will allow you to save on the construction procedure of a garden house, thanks to the optimization of the choice of materials.

Space planning

So, summer residents usually build small garden houses, which have general dimensions along the base of the building - approximately 6 by 7 meters. Although the area that will be occupied by the house is slightly less than the product of these numbers, since the shape of the base will not be perfectly rectangular - each of the corners seems to be cut out.

Determine the location where you want to build your garden house. Please note that it is not recommended to locate the building in low-lying areas where water accumulates. It is better to choose the highest point of the plot of land. It is optimal to place the house in the northwestern or northern part of the site, but no closer than three meters from its border. Remember that the building site should not be shaded by anything.

For a small plot of land, a small one-story house is quite suitable, which can be used for living in the summer, storing garden supplies and accommodation summer kitchen. One-story houses with an attic are characterized by increased convenience, since the attic can be converted into a place for storing garden belongings. In one-story houses that have a terrace or closed veranda, you can even place a full-fledged dining room.

If you have chosen a two-story house, then the attic, which has a T-shaped floor and the joints of the ceiling and walls that are sloping at an angle, will best serve as the second floor. On the ground floor, according to the garden house scheme, a kitchen is usually equipped; there are huge windows in it so that there is always light. Next comes a common heated room, which is most often a passage room; a staircase is often installed here to the second floor.

Of course, it is customary to arrange a bedroom in a garden house for the cold autumn-spring season. Separately, consider the need to create a guest room, bath and carpentry workshop in the house. In the attic you can recreate a billiard room, an office or a summer bedroom. Since there are large windows and a lot of light here, you can create a haven for growing seedlings of vegetables or flowers. In winter, it is customary to store birch brooms and dry herbs here.

From an architectural point of view, there are no special frills or frills in the standard drawings of garden houses, except for the attic. Speaking about the layout of the building, I would like to emphasize that there is no particular need to collect absolutely all non-residential and residential premises under one roof. If there is a gazebo near the house, which is used for eating, then there is no need to equip a dining room. The same applies to the bathtub, if there is a Summer shower. There is absolutely no need to make a toilet in the house. But if you plan to come to your dacha in winter, it is advisable to arrange all these rooms in a house.

But the most useless and inconvenient element of a garden house is the balcony. There will be nothing from him except constant problems with snow removal. Going out onto the balcony, which is raised 3 meters above the ground, you will not see amazing landscapes, but only unattractive outbuildings on your neighbors’ summer cottages.

You can argue about the veranda with its own roof. If it is open, then in winter there will be snowdrifts, in autumn there will be puddles of rain and dampness, in the summer there will be flies, and in the evening there will be mosquitoes. But if the veranda is closed, with large windows, it will completely protect you from bad weather and allow you to relax in the summer and drink tea, hiding from the scorching sun. But if the veranda faces the sunny side, it will be stuffy in the heat.

If you decide to arrange a cellar or basement under the garden house, then you need to worry about heating the garden house. Otherwise, the room will freeze in winter to the ambient temperature, and this will do little to improve thermal protection. Remember that the basement may flood spring waters with all the consequences.

Garden house construction technology

The modular design principle can make construction very simple. First, the foundation is laid, wall elements are built on it, then a rafter system is created, the roof is laid, windows and a door are installed. The facade of the house can be supplemented with a canopy, under which it is good to relax in the summer.

Walling

First of all, place rough timber on the surface of the foundation in one row along the perimeter, which creates the contours of the walls of the house and is fastened together with nails. Between the concrete foundation and this lower row of timber, it is customary to lay waterproofing, for which strips of roofing material are used, as shown in the photo of garden houses.

The basis of the frame, as a rule, consists of 4 pillars, which are dug into the corners of the perimeter. They need to be dug securely into the ground, having first wrapped them bottom part using roofing felt. After erecting the pillars, attach them to the rough beam from below, and attach them from above using temporary braces, previously plumbed vertically. Long nails can be used to fasten frame elements together.
Now that the frame has become rigid, it should be finished on the inside and outside.

Place cut pieces of timber between the edges of the corners in advance, nail them to each other with 150 mm nails, if the thickness of the timber reaches 100 millimeters, the nail will go through the upper beam and touch the middle of the lower one. A layer of flax tow should be laid between the beams. Constantly check that the walls are plumb and vertical.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeniy

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Door frames are usually installed immediately, window frames are installed after reaching a certain height.

The boxes, fixed in the required place and aligned vertically, will additionally act as vertical guides, in addition to the corners that align the timber being laid.

Floor and ceilings

The beams of the first floor in a wooden garden house are laid on the plane of the strip foundation. A subfloor made of ordinary edged planed boards, which will certainly decrease in size after drying, or slab, is laid on top of the beams. This causes cracks to form. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a clean floor made from dried slats the following summer. A clay screed is made on this floor and insulation is placed.

In this case, the subfloor can be thinned and covered with a layer of roofing felt. As thermal insulation material It is recommended to use mineral wool materials. The top of the insulation is covered with a second layer of roofing felt. Then a cement-sand screed, which is 2 centimeters thick, is laid over the insulation. As a coating, you can use a dark antiseptic impregnation.

Ceiling beams made of timber simultaneously serve as a frame, which is necessary for the floor of the second and ceiling of the first floor. This covering is made from planed edged boards. The space between the ceiling and floor must be filled with large sawdust and small shavings, which are required for heat and sound insulation. After this, the ceiling is sheathed with clapboard simultaneously with the procedure for sheathing the walls, and after drying, the floor of the second floor is covered from above with a floor lath.

The floor lath is placed perpendicular to the subfloor. In this case, they use the process of forcibly compressing several boards at a time with the help of two wedges, which are driven in between a temporarily reinforced support bar and the edge of the floor. This technique allows you to minimize the gaps in the floor that form when the slats finally dry.

The area of ​​the floor that is directly adjacent to the fireplace or stone stove should be made from ceramic floor tiles, as in the photo of a DIY garden house. Lay a sheet of moisture-resistant drywall on the subfloor and stick tiles on top. The thickness of the floor lath turns out to be almost equal to the total thickness of the tiles and drywall, so the floor surface in the garden house will be even.

Roof installation

Attic floors should be done in a similar way. Beams of such floors will rest at their ends on load-bearing walls. Beams in the most common designs are cut into the top frame. Nests are made in walls made of stone and brick, the back wall of which is covered with layers of tarred felt. In places where the beams are supported, it is necessary to lay two layers of roofing felt or roofing felt.

The roof of a garden house will consist of a roof (outer covering) and rafters - inclined supporting beams on which decking or sheathing is placed. For small garden buildings you should use the most simple roofs– single- and double-slope. Their slope will depend on local climatic conditions and roofing material. The more precipitation there is in a given area, the steeper the roof slope needs to be when building a garden house with your own hands.

When roofing from corrugated asbestos-cement sheets, the roof slope is 1:3, if flat asbestos-cement tiles and tiles are used - 1:2, if you take sheet steel -1:3.7. The system of rafters that support the roof is a rather complex structure; its manufacture requires professional qualifications. The easiest to create are inclined rafters.

The rafter legs in this design are cut into the upper frame of the walls or into the mauerlat, which is laid around the perimeter at the top of the wall, under acute angle. Make sure that the cross-section of the mauerlat beam is at least 100 by 100 millimeters. On top of the rafters, install a sheathing of poles and boards, which are nailed staggered or closely parallel to the ridge of the roof of the house.

The sheathing on the roof overhangs forms a continuous flooring. The most rational option for garden houses is a roof made of corrugated asbestos cement sheets. Nail the roofing sheets to the sheathing, made of bars and laid in increments of 530 millimeters.

Asbestos-cement sheets are laid so that in the horizontal direction their edges overlap by the size of a wave. The sheet that lies above should be allowed to overlap the underlying one in the vertical direction by approximately 100 - 140 millimeters.

Under asbestos-cement sheets with a slight roof slope, roofing felt sheets should be overlapped parallel to the ridge. Each side of the sheet is secured with 3 to 4 nails or screws. The ridge and other breaks in the roof must be covered with special shaped parts.

Nuances in creating a country house

The veranda must be placed closer to the entrance to the house. A passage is often made through this room. living rooms. You can build a veranda built-in or as an extension. It will be good if they open onto a recreation area or garden. The veranda should not be turned towards the street if the garden house is located too close to the border of the site and the street. The veranda is best oriented to the south, southwest or southeast.

Make the main surface of the walls in the form of glazed stained glass windows. The most impressive look in the interior is the glazing of two walls, which are adjacent and separated by a narrow corner post. Minimum distance between the floor and the glazed area 30 - 40 centimeters. Under the ceiling, leave a small section of the wall blank for curtain rods. Curtains on the veranda are hung to the full height of the room, and light blinds can also be used to protect from the sun.

After you have built the garden house yourself, install the door and window blocks. These structures must be made from high quality wood, the moisture content of which for door frames is no more than 12% and for windows, window sill boards and balcony doors is close to 18%. It is generally customary to use single and separate bindings for garden houses. Windows are usually made of pine.

Most often, standard windows are used in garden construction. In rooms on the first floor it is recommended to install double glazed windows. In some cases, it is possible to install windows of a special design - sliding and lifting windows. If you make these structures yourself, then remember that the front surfaces of wooden products that are intended for finishing with varnish or oil paint, as well as the sides that mate with each other, need to be cleanly planed, sealing all wood defects with glue plugs.

After this, you can begin the final stage of building a garden house made of wood - manufacturing architectural details. Frontal and hemming boards of cornices and gables, door and window frames, porch pillars and fencing boards... For these elements, the material left over from the construction of a garden house will not be suitable; only selected building material will be needed.

So you know how to make a garden house on a plot of land! After its construction, you can safely begin insulating and finishing the garden house, as well as constructing a fireplace stove or hob.

Approximate cost of a garden house

Construction of a frame garden house will not cost much. The final price may vary: it will depend on the materials used, the type of structure chosen (timber or plywood), its size and the presence or absence of assistants. In short, the approximate cost of one square meter of a house kit can range from a little over two to four thousand rubles.

At this price, a ready-made house kit for a frame house, assembled independently, includes: thermal insulation Wall panels load-bearing, wooden beams, drawings for installation and fasteners for assembly, if necessary interfloor ceilings. If building a second floor seems too complicated, you can opt for a frame garden house with an attic.

A neat frame garden house, made with your own caring hands, is convenient to use for permanent or temporary residence. It is spacious enough to store equipment and household supplies. It has enough space to receive and accommodate guests. And if in the future it is planned to erect a grandiose structure, then it can become the place of residence and base for an entire construction team.

It’s not that difficult to build a small 4x6 garden house with your own hands, without involving workers. The main thing is a responsible attitude towards construction, attention and patience. And, of course, strict adherence to recommendations and compliance with requirements. And very soon yours land plot will be transformed and take on the appearance of a real home.

Design selection

Why did we choose this particular project?

• Frame walls filled with insulation make it possible to provide effective thermal insulation at minimum costs. In addition, they will easily tolerate minor deformation during shrinkage of the foundation of a country house.

Let us clarify: some alternative solutions (for example, sip panels) guarantee better insulation with greater structural rigidity.

However, when using them, the costs of building or rebuilding a garden house will increase noticeably.

• A columnar foundation again means minimal costs for a small volume earthworks. All alternatives are more complicated and more expensive. Yes, this type of foundation has a low load-bearing capacity; however, the mass of the frame structure is more than small.
• Bituminous shingles laid on a continuous board are attractive due to the complete absence of noise in rainy weather. Not only that: the shield under it will significantly simplify thermal insulation work.

Roof and attic

Building a garden house with your own hands does not end with the construction of walls: we have to build a roof.

1. We lay ceiling beams (50x100 boards placed on edge) on top of the top trim. We fasten them with corners. The step is the same 60 cm as for the racks.
2. We place rafters from the same board on the corners. We connect each pair of rafters with a horizontal jumper on a stud. For temporary fastening of the rafter system, we again use jibs.
3. We construct gable frames with lining of skylights and entrance.
4. We cover the roof (including the gables) with 15 mm OSB sheets and cover it with a tile backing.
5. We cover the attic floor on top of the pre-laid vapor barrier with a board - edged or tongue-and-groove, depending on whether the attic will be used.
6. We install mineral wool slabs between the ceiling beams and use a stapler to fasten the vapor barrier from below.
7. If it is necessary to insulate the attic, we carry out similar operations under the roof.
8. We cover the roof with bitumen shingles. The sheets are fastened with galvanized nails.

Interior decoration

Traditional construction instructions frame houses is quite standard: the frame is covered with OSB both outside and inside, after which the owner must do the interior finishing.

Most plasters and paints do not adhere to the OSB surface; the price of specialized primers can plunge even an inveterate optimist into deep depression.

We will simplify our life and use plasterboard to cover the walls from the inside. Since the step between the posts is quite large, it will have to be sheathed in two layers with overlapping seams. The pitch of the screws is 15-20 cm, their length is 50 mm; Sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm are used for walls, and 9.5 for ceilings.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeniy

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Useful: with two-layer sheathing, you can do without reinforcing the seams with sickle.

Cracks can only appear if the frame of the house is seriously deformed.

Exterior decoration

It would be strange to build a house - garden or any other - and not decorate the outside. The simplest solution is to use vinyl siding; it is attached to a 40 mm thick lath, which is necessary to ventilate the space behind it. Don’t forget: siding expands greatly in the summer heat, so its fastening should allow for the possibility of moving the planks.

Installation of ceiling joists

This stage involves laying joists under the ceiling. This must be done in the same way as laying the logs on the floor, but only on each side the boards extend 20 cm in length (this is necessary so that the edges do not hang over the walls). You can also experiment with the outline of the edges of the roof if you plan to build an additional veranda for the garden house. Then there will be a problem with connecting two high-rise ceiling levels, because... at the garden house it will be higher, and at the veranda lower.

Roof installation

This stage is the final one. First you need to prepare a ridge board 50*150mm, rafters 50*100mm and ties for the rafters ( attic beams) 25*10mm. To make the roof stronger, you need to install jibs. The rafters are fastened using long screw nails (100mm) and angles.

After the rafters have been secured, we cover them with plywood (thickness is at least 10 mm) and lay flexible tiles or roofing felt (using roofing nails). Advantage should be given to tiles, because... it is easy to install, does not allow moisture to pass through, is windproof and resists harmful influences.

Necessary communications

If necessary, install electrical wiring, sewerage and water supply into the house.

For heating a small house, both an electric heater and a gas convector are well suited. Such gas convectors use as fuel liquefied gas. To ensure the most efficient heat distribution, the system should be equipped with a galvanized steel reflector.

A gas convector must be equipped with a smoke exhaust pipe. The chimney is carefully insulated to prevent fires. To protect the chimney from snow, rain and various debris, install a special protective canopy on its street end.

This completes the small country house. You did an excellent job without involving third-party specialists, which allowed you to save a significant amount of money, and you were convinced that there is nothing complicated in the construction of such structures - you just need to follow the instructions in everything and adhere to the advice professional builders. You can start using the house you built yourself.

Economy class garden houses

Many, wanting to spend their summer holidays in nature, save for years to buy a summer house with capital house and refuse inexpensive garden plots. And completely in vain! After all, it is not at all necessary to build a brick villa on a summer cottage; you can go the other way - build a garden house. This lightweight building can be erected in the shortest possible time, is inexpensive and is quite suitable for living in the summer. In this short article we will tell you how to build a good-quality summer house, adhering to the principles of functionality and practicality.

As a rule, inexpensive garden houses are built from timber or using frame-panel technology. The construction of both options is not much different from each other: first, a foundation is erected, then a frame is assembled, which is then sheathed. The difference is visible precisely at the cladding stage, since panel houses are finished with sheets of plywood, chipboard or fiberboard, and houses made of timber are finished with ordinary or profiled timber.

Construction of garden houses from timber

We can say that garden houses made of timber have already become classics of the genre country house construction. The timber looks quite decorative, and is also a durable, strong and unpretentious material. If you wish, you can use not an ordinary beam, but a profiled one - with tongues and grooves that allow you to assemble elements, like a construction set.

Many construction companies offer ready-made projects for garden houses made of timber and even entire sets of elements that just need to be assembled into one structure. Such a house can be assembled very quickly, however, the costs for it will be noticeable.

Let's look at the main stages of building a house made of timber.

1. We are building the foundation, which can be ribbon or columnar. When building a large house, it is preferable to have a strip foundation, which is highly reliable and able to withstand significant loads. If you plan to build a small garden house, then erecting a columnar foundation will be sufficient.
   In order to build such a foundation, you need to determine the location of the pillars, which must be located in the corners of the future house and along the walls in 2m increments. In these places, holes 1.5-2 m deep are drilled and filled with concrete.
   As a foundation for garden houses, ready-made concrete slabs (for example, with dimensions 200x200x400 mm) are often used, which are installed in the ground to a depth of about 15 cm in a pre-compacted sand cushion.
   After the foundation is ready, a sheet of waterproofing material, for example, roofing felt, is laid on it.
2. We arrange the frame. The lower frame (crown, logs) made of 150x150 mm timber is laid on the foundation supports, then vertical supports are installed from the same timber (or a smaller one in profile).
   If you decide to build a garden house with a veranda, then in this case the lower logs must be extended to the length of the veranda, installing them on additional support posts.
3. Laying the subfloor from boards at least 20cm thick.
4. We assemble walls from timber. In this case, we fasten the connections with dowels, cover them with a sealant and lay out the next crown on the resulting row. Each layer is supplied with a sealing material, which can be used as tow, moss, or jute.
5. We are installing the roof. To install the rafters we use 150x40mm boards, and smaller boards - 100x40mm - are suitable for braces and racks. Next, the structure is sheathed with timber, on which roofing material is laid.
6. We cover the subfloor with a layer of mineral wool, which will serve as thermal insulation, and glassine - a waterproofing and vapor barrier material. Next, you can proceed to the clean floor, which is made in the form of boards, thick plywood, or linoleum.
7. We cover the outside of the house with primer and paint it with enamel. There is another option, more interesting - to cover the beams with clapboard or siding.
8. The building is ready, now you can install doors and windows, and also think through the interior of the garden house. If country style is close to your spirit, then a garden house is the best place to bring your interior fantasies to life. After all, in a city apartment, as a rule, a rustic style is inappropriate, but in a garden plot it is just right.

How to build a panel garden house?

Panel garden houses are built an order of magnitude faster than a “constructor” made of timber, because for cladding you will need to fasten not small wooden elements to the frame, but large sheets of plywood. It will take a week or two for a light summer building to appear on your site, which will look quite solid if it is sheathed wooden clapboard or siding. As already noted, the construction of such a house is almost no different from the construction of a house made of timber.

However, we will still consider the main stages of construction and point out the existing differences:

1. Foundation posts are installed.
2. The frame of the house is being erected: lower cladding, upper cladding, vertical supports, rafters. It is worth noting that for further installation of windows and doors it is necessary to form their outline from additional beams.
3. The subfloor is made from thick boards.
4. The frame is sheathed on the outside with sheets of plywood, securing them to vertical supports using self-tapping screws. Next, already inside the house, they sheathe the frame with a second layer of plywood, chipboard, fiberboard or plasterboard. To keep the house warm and prevent you from freezing on cold summer nights, a layer of insulation – mineral wool – is laid between the first and second layers.

Materials for construction

The construction of a small house can be made from: wood,

• timber,
• bricks,
• foam blocks.

Construction from foam blocks and OSB is the most rapidly erected option.

OSB boards are made from wood chips, the size of which is about 15 cm. OSB is environmentally friendly and cheap material, and assembling a house from OSB is reminiscent of assembling a construction set.

OSB boards are made by pressing three layers of chips - the pressure on the material is so strong that they literally intertwine with each other, so the final result - an OSB board - is very durable, does not crumble or fall apart.

Whatever option you choose, you cannot do without a wooden beam - it is needed for the frame of the building.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeniy

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Only the frame is made from wooden beams; for the remaining elements - roof, floor, ceiling, trim, etc., lumber (usually pine) can be used.

Before you start laying the floor, do not forget to dry the timber material - it must be dry to avoid shrinkage and deformation that occurs when the wood dries.

If you're finishing external walls clapboard, then it must also be completely dry.
In addition to wood and foam blocks, you will need insulation, asbestos cement sheets, roofing felt and other materials for processing and fastening.

If environmental friendliness is important to you, then you can use more wooden elements: timber, boards, etc.

They can be used to make floors, frames, wall decoration, etc. In this case, you will need tools for cutting and installing wood.

The first stage of construction from foam blocks is the construction of the foundation: it is on it that the future floor will be located.

If you are planning to build a small garden house with your own hands from brick, concrete or stone, you need to make a strip foundation; if from wood and foam blocks, a columnar foundation will suffice.

For the foundation itself, concrete, rubble concrete or any stone of natural origin is most often chosen.

Before laying the walls, a rough timber is placed on the foundation - it will create the outline of the walls. Secure with regular nails.

Between the foundation and the first row of timber you need to make waterproofing (usually using roofing felt).

As the basis of the frame, 4 pillars are made of timber - they need to be dug in each corner of the perimeter. They are attached from below using long nails. The roof is laid on the frame.

After fastening, the frame should become rigid - now it can be finished inside and out. It is necessary to place pieces of timber into the edges of the corners (secured with nails). Tow made of flax is placed between the beams.

Door frames are installed immediately.

The foundation (beams) of the first floor are laid directly on the strip foundation. A subfloor is laid on top - it is made from planed boards.

Then you need to make a screed and place the insulation. It is recommended to lay the finished floor a year after the subfloor is laid, because... the boards shrink and cracks appear.
The subfloor is covered with roofing felt, and thermal insulation material is used as waterproofing.

On next year You can cover the floor with laminate or regular boards, depending on how you want it to look.

Watch a video on how to build a garden frame house and repeat all the stages of construction

How to insulate and decorate a house?

If you decide to build a garden frame house with your own hands from foam blocks or OSB, then you are in luck, because this material itself is quite warm. Wall insulation is carried out only with outside.

Insulation of internal walls is not carried out due to the fact that condensation may form.

After the walls have been insulated, they are finished, primarily for interior decoration (usually finished with siding).

Before you start insulating, you need to prepare the walls. First, their surface is cleaned, then they are finished with a primer.

After drying, the walls are treated with plaster in two layers - after this, insulation can be carried out.

After plastering, the wall should be smooth. The second layer is covered with reinforcing plaster, which will make the surface of the walls level. Insulation is made using this material.

The technology of frame-panel construction has been known for decades both abroad and in Russia. It is not losing its market segment, on the contrary, it is expanding it. Construction using this technology is simple and convenient, and almost does not require so-called “wet” work. Small country houses of 20-50 m2 or full-fledged townhouses, individual houses and cottages - everything is built in a matter of days, a maximum of a week, with minimal use heavy construction equipment.

What are frame houses like in Russia today?

When starting to build a house using frame-panel technology, you must understand that in Russia there are no uniform standards and documentation for this species construction. In 2002, the “CODE OF RULES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION” SP 31-105-2002 was adopted, which contains recommendations “for the design and construction of prefabricated single-apartment houses with load-bearing walls of frame-cladding construction.” Choosing a finished house in such conditions is a very sensitive and not an easy process. After all, there are both professional builders and fly-by-night companies - the goods were sold and disappeared. You need to be careful when choosing a company.

Considering that in the USA and Canada there are different requirements to OSB, wood and others building materials, then the rules existing in Russia only give general direction in the development of this technology.

Guided by SP 31-105-2002, domestic manufacturers took a simpler route, adopting American and Canadian standards, calling such frame houses “Canadian frame houses.” Buying ready-made solution panel house, we can buy a pig in a poke. Be carefull.

A few tips below will help you determine whether it is worth working with this organization at all, choosing it as a contractor.

Site preparation

Choose a preferably level area, without sudden changes in height. It is necessary to remove the top layer of fertile soil from the site. Remove debris and tree roots. If there are traces of the presence of a colony of ants at the site where the future house will be installed, the soil must be excavated to a depth of at least 30 cm.

The trench or pit must be cleaned. It is advisable to compact the soil at the bottom.

You need to be mindful of communications. The trench for communications must be raised to the level of the base of the foundation. After this, fill the trench with soil and compact it tightly, make a sand backfill or fill it with concrete of a class not lower than B7.5.

During construction, it is necessary to ensure the removal of sediments from the pit. For this purpose, drainage channels must be provided. At the beginning of construction in winter, it is necessary to ensure that there is no freezing of the soil at the bottom of the pit or trench.

Laying the foundation

The foundation for low-rise construction is provided:

• pile;
• tape;
• columnar
• columnar with grillage;
• shallow;
• slab.

When choosing foundation parameters, it is necessary to take into account the requirements of SNiP.02.01. For a small house, a shallow strip or pile foundation would be an excellent choice.

To calculate the foundation, the data given in the table is accepted:

A shallow foundation can be used on non-heaving soils, sandy or rocky soils in accordance with SNiP 2.02.01.

When calculating and laying the foundation, it is necessary to take into account that the maximum length of floor beams should be no more than 4900 mm with a floor load of no more than 2.4 kPa.

When building a house on a slope, it is necessary to lay a stepped foundation. The minimum length of the horizontal section is 600mm, the height difference between adjacent sections of the foundation is no more than 600mm.

When installing a pile or columnar foundation, the distance between adjacent elements should not exceed 3.5 m.

If there is a possibility of soil displacement on the site, when designing the foundation it is necessary to take into account structural measures to reduce the impact of soil on the structure of the house.

Construction of the subfloor and subfloor

For frame houses, a ground floor or a suspended floor with a ventilated subfloor is installed.

The thickness of the basement walls and the hem with a strip foundation is selected according to the table:

There will be no floor on the ground load-bearing structure foundation. To organize the floor, you need to select excess soil. Organize a 100mm thick bedding made of crushed stone or sand. The sand should be coarse-grained.

The base for the floor on the ground is a monolithic concrete slab. The thickness of the slab should be from 50mm.

To cover the soil in the subfloors of the suspended floor, a layer of asphalt with a thickness of 50 mm is used. For covering concrete slab For the subfloor, roll waterproofing and roofing material is used.

To drain groundwater, it is necessary to calculate drainage system. It is carried out using drainage pipes and a drainage layer. Drainage pipes laid along the perimeter of the foundation from the outside. As an option, pipes can be laid below the floor slab.

Construction of walls, framing

According to the legislation, requirements are put forward for the walls of the house in terms of strength, fire resistance and deformation, fire safety, durability, and energy saving in accordance with SNiP 31-02-2001.

External walls must meet the requirements of SNiPs for protection from the penetration of precipitation, condensation and water vapor, protection from external noise or its suppression to a normal level. Internal partitions must provide sound insulation.

The frame of the panel house consists of vertical racks and horizontal trim - lower and upper. Additionally, lintels are installed above door and window openings.

The racks are mounted on the lower horizontal frame. All vertical racks must be solid and continuous along the height of the floor; it is allowed to change the height of the racks at the openings. The racks must be provided with stringers and additional connections. For this, a board with a cross-section of at least 18x88mm is used, which is attached at an angle in the plane of the frame posts. They should not interfere with the fastening of the frame sheathing.

The top trim must consist of at least two boards 38mm thick. It is advisable to support the rafters within the vertical posts ±50mm.

For the construction of walls, coniferous wood of the 2nd and higher grade should be used in accordance with GOST 8486.

The pitch and cross-section of the racks are selected from the table and calculated depending on the height and weight of the house and the loads transferred to them. The table shows the minimum requirements for rack parameters.

Wall cladding on the outside and inside is made of rigid materials. It also provides spatial rigidity to the entire structure and serves for further wall finishing.

We select the thickness of the material for the cladding from the table:

The enclosing structures of the house provide reliable thermal insulation of the room in winter. Minimum thickness insulation is determined by calculation, in accordance with SNiP 31-02-2001. To select data regarding the average annual and average daily temperature, use SNiP 23-01-99. The calculation of energy consumption for heating must comply with SNiP 23-101-2000.

It is recommended to use roll or slab thermal insulation with a thermal conductivity of no more than 0.1 W/m*C as insulation for frame houses. Use bulk materials only for horizontal planes.

Depending on the required thickness, thermal insulation is laid in two ways:

1. between the racks of the supporting frame with further cladding;

2. between the frame posts and, if necessary, additionally from the outside of the wall.

Additional installation of thermal insulation is carried out if the main layer does not provide the required thickness of the thermal insulation layer. It is recommended to use rigid materials as the second layer of thermal insulation.

Floor and roof installation

The main elements of the ceiling are: frame, ceiling lining, finishing of the ceiling, thermal insulation and attic flooring.

For the installation of the floor frame, planed coniferous wood of at least 2nd grade is used. All lumber used must meet the requirements of GOST 8242-88.

The floor frame consists of several main elements:

• purlins - main beams, used with a two-span support scheme;
• floor beams - rest on walls or purlins, transfer the load of the ceiling to the frame walls;
• strapping beams - beams form a frame frame, and transfer the load from the purlins and floor beams to the walls of the house

The rigidity of the structure is ensured by the ceiling lining and the attic flooring.

According to the rules, the step between the beams must be set to no more than 600 mm, while the deflection of the beam in the middle should be no more than 1/360 of the clear span.

In most cases, gable roofs are used for frame houses. The supporting frame of the roof includes: rafters, floor beams and ridge beam. Rafters bottom rest on the upper frame of the walls, are connected to each other by the upper part, they can also rest on the ridge beam.

Depending on the roofing material, the sheathing of the rafters and, accordingly, measures for organizing ventilation of the attic and under-roof space are chosen.

Probably the best solution for building a small country house would be to do the work yourself. Why buy ready-made, and not always successful, but expensive, frame-panel house projects, if you can develop one yourself. Building a panel house with your own hands is not a very difficult undertaking and even a novice builder can do it. After all, there are no strict building codes, but we follow the rules.