Testing on the topic of tire fitting. Tests in the discipline "repair, installation and adjustment of production lines and equipment." General labor protection requirements

Tread patterns come in the following main types:

1) Road - consists of small elements. Upon contact with the road surface, the lamellas are deformed, accurately repeating the microprofile of the coating.

2) Universal – Designed for both highway and off-road use. Has fewer knife grooves. The rubber is harder.

3) All terrain- the design is made in the form of large elements (lugs). The rubber is very hard and makes a lot of noise when driving on the highway.

4) Winter – on the rubber elements there are recesses for installing steel stud elements, which provide reliable grip on the surface of an icy road.

5) Career - used on special equipment producing quarry mining.

6) Asymmetrical - provides good road grip and high maneuverability at high speeds. Tires have a sign indicating the direction of rotation of the wheel when moving forward.

A method for determining a car malfunction by the type of tread wear.

1. Uneven wearCheckered tread indicates incorrect wheel alignment angles. By the direction of the top of the worn part, you can determine whether there is excessive or insufficient toe-in installed on the vehicle's axle.

2.Side wear tire tread may be caused by loss of elasticity of one of the springs. In this case, the wear of the tread blocks is uneven. The checkers are pointed at the apex towards the inside. Similar wear can occur on the rear axle if the rear axle beam is bent.

3. If the tread blocks are worn in places– this means the wheel rotation axis is bent or the wheel bearing is worn out.

4. Uniform wear of 2 sides surfaces tire tread is a consequence of low tire pressure.

5. Increased tire pressure overloads the middle part of the tread, bending it outward. Because of this bending, the middle part of the tread wears out intensively.

6. Incorrectly installed camber leads to one-sided tire tread wear.

7. Tire stains are a consequence of wheel imbalance.

Maximum permissible residual tread height:

Motorcycle – 0.8mm.

Passenger car – 1.6mm.

Truck – 1.0mm.

Bus – 2.0mm.

Technological process

Tire repair

(rubber fungus)

1. We identify and mark with chalk the location of damage outside and inside the tire. We remove the object that damaged the tire.
2. Using a T 109 spiral file, we determine the angle of the damage and its size. If the angle of damage exceeds 25 degrees, then it is necessary to use a two-part repair method.
3. We select a fungus that matches the size of the damage.
4. The fungus is selected so that the diameter of its stem is 1-2 mm larger than the size of the damage.
5. We mark with chalk inside the tire the place of mechanical treatment under the fungus cap, retreating 10-15 mm from the edge of the cap.
6. We treat the marked area with buffer cleaner A110, removing dirt with a T130 scraper. We repeat this operation 2-3 times.
7. We drill a hole for the fungus stem using a cutter corresponding to the size of the fungus stem and a low-speed drill (up to 2500 rpm). Drilling should begin with inside, then outside. We repeat the operation 3-4 times.
8. Once again we treat the area under the fungus cap with buffer cleaner A 110, removing dirt with a T103 scraper.
9. We process the cleaned area with an abrasive tool at a rotation speed of more than 5000 rpm. Be sure to use safety glasses.
10. Delete crumb rubber and cord residues using a vacuum cleaner or soft brush.
11. Coat the hole under the fungus stem with A024 glue using a spiral file in the hole.
12. Apply glue A 024 to the surface treated under the fungus cap in a thin, uniform layer. Let it dry for 3-5 minutes.
13. Filming protective film from the adhesive layer of the stem and cap of the fungus, without touching it with your hands.
14. Apply glue to the metal tip of the fungus stem.
15. We remove the spiral file from the hole and insert the metal tip of the fungus into the hole on the inside of the tire.
16. We grab the tip of the fungus stem with pliers and bring it to the surface of the tire, controlling the tight fit of the cap to the inner surface of the tire
17. Roll the mushroom cap with a roller from the center to the edges. Remove the protective film from the outer surface of the cap and roll it (the cap) again from the center to the edges.
18. We treat the edge of the cap and the remaining cleaned surface for a tubeless tire with inner layer sealant A305, and for a tube tire with talc. We cut off the protruding part of the fungus stalk at a distance of 2-3 mm from the surface of the tire. We check the repair area for leaks.
19. The repaired tire is ready for use.

Tire fitting and repair work includes, Maintenance wheel rims and wheel assembly balancing, as well as tube repair. Tire repairs are usually carried out at specialized tire repair plants or workshops.

Used for hanging when removing wheels and tires of trucks. hydraulic lifts, and for loosening the fastening nuts - electromechanical or pneumatic impact wrenches. The wheels are removed from the hubs and transported to the dismantling site using carts or electric hoists.

To clean the outside of tires from dirt before disassembling, scrapers, brushes and rags moistened with water are used. The tires are dismantled on the stands described earlier.

Rice. Model 6108 manual bead spreader:
1 and 4 - fittings; 2 - three-way valve; 3 - air hose; 5 - piston; 6 - cylinder body; 7 - rod; 8 - fixed plate; 9 - movable plate

Disassembled tires are defective. Tires are inspected using manual pneumatic bead expanders or spreaders. To determine the location of damage (punctures) of the cameras, they are pumped up with air, immersed in a bath of water, and the release of air bubbles is monitored, indicating the puncture site. Wheel rims are cleaned of corrosion, baked rubber and dirt on a stand. The rim is cleaned by rotating with high speed(2000 rpm) with a carded drum, while the rim itself also rotates, but at a lower speed (14 rpm), which provides a higher relative speed at the point of contact and quick cleaning of the rim. After cleaning, the rims are painted.

Rice. Scheme of a stand for cleaning wheel rims

They are mounted on stands, after which they are inflated with air to normal pressure and installed on wheel hubs using the above-mentioned lifts and impact wrenches.

To avoid accidents when inflating tires (due to the locking ring coming off) mounted on a flat rim, various safety devices are used in the form of brackets inserted into holes in the wheel rim, metal cages or “spiders”.

Rice. Tire inflation safety device

Camera repair

The areas of the chambers to be repaired are roughened on a carborundum wheel and cleaned of dust. Small damage (up to 30 mm in size) is repaired by applying patches made of unvulcanized rubber, and large damage is repaired by patches made of vulcanized rubber. A patch made of unvulcanized tube rubber is coated once with glue with a concentration of 1:8, applied to the damaged area prepared for repair and rolled with a roller from the middle to the edges. A patch made of vulcanized rubber is roughened along the edge to a width of 40-45 mm, coated with glue at a concentration of 1:8, dried and covered on the glue-coated side with flat, raw chamber rubber 8-10 mm wide. The patch prepared in this way is glued to the camera and rolled with a roller.

Rice. Electrovulcanizing machine model 6131:
1 - pressure screw; 2 - clamp; 3 — bracket; 4 - heating element; 8 - body; 6 - chassis of the electrical appliance; 7-signal lamp

The chambers are vulcanized using steam or electric heating devices. The heating element of an electric stove consists of ceramic tiles and nichrome spiral. To maintain a constant vulcanization temperature (143°C) on the surface of the plate, a bimetallic thermostat is used, the contacts of which are connected to the winding circuit of an intermediate relay that opens and closes the power circuit.

The chamber to be repaired is patched onto the working plate and pressed tightly using a pressure screw and a pressure plate, creating a pressure of 4-5 kg/cm2. Vulcanization duration is 15-20 minutes.

When repairing cameras, it is possible to replace and repair the valve, manufacture and replace a flange for the valve.

The repaired chamber is checked for leaks. Punctures on tubeless tires are repaired in two ways. For small punctures (no more than 2 mm), the hole is filled with special paste using the syringe included with the tire kit. Before injecting, the air pressure in the paste is reduced to 0.5 kg/cm2, and 10-15 minutes after injection of the paste, the pressure is brought to normal.

Punctures with a diameter of 5 - 6 mm are repaired using rubber plugs, which are inserted into the tire without removing it from the wheel, or using fungi when removed.

Rice. Tire shop layout:
1 - lift for hanging cars when removing and installing wheels; 2 - electric impact wrench; 3 - trolley for transporting wheels; 4 - installation for washing wheels; 5 - rack; 6 - stand for mounting and dismantling tires; 7 - bath for testing chambers; 8 - hanger for cameras; 9 - side expander; 10 - portable lamp; 11 - table for preparing tires for installation; 12 - metal workbench; 13 - chest for cleaning material; 14 - vacuum cleaner; 15 - installation for inflating tires; 16 - stand for cleaning and painting discs; 17 - rack for disks; 18 - rack for wheels: 14 - rack for tires

The figure shows the layout of a tire shop with a station for removing and installing wheels.

Safety regulations When mounting tires, it is prohibited to mount tires on a wheel rim that has dents or burrs or is covered with rust. It is not allowed to knock out a wheel disc with a sledgehammer; Correcting the position of the tire on the wheel rim by tapping with a hammer is permitted only after the air supply to it has stopped. Inflating a tire removed from a vehicle is permitted only with the use of guards.

Steam plates for vulcanizing chambers must be equipped with working pressure gauges, which should be checked at least once a year and sealed. It is forbidden to work on a device with a faulty pressure gauge.

Federal Agency for Education

State educational institution of higher professional education "Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University"

Materials for internal licensing of the additional program vocational education

« Tire fitting, tube and tire repair passenger cars, wheel balancing"

Novosibirsk 2011

CHAPTERI. ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL

1.1. Goals and objectives of the course.

Training and retraining of specialists for monitoring and adjusting the alignment of car wheels. The course develops skills in working with technical documentation and the principles of operation of computer diagnostic stands. The theoretical foundations of wheel alignment angles (AWA) of cars are studied, and practical skills in diagnosing and adjusting the AUA are developed. Separate time is allocated to identifying the main signs indicating the need to check the vehicle's UCC.

The student will know:

Theoretical foundations of the principles of vehicle management;

Operating principles of a computer diagnostic stand (CDS);

Methods for diagnosing the main criteria indicating a violated vehicle control code;

Methodology for adjusting the control unit.

The student will be able to:

Work with technical documentation;

Monitor the parameters of the control unit of any type of vehicle;

Adjust the control unit of all types of cars (where provided by the manufacturer);

Perfectly master the skills of working with CDS.

1.2. Preliminary level of training

Possession school course physics and mathematics.

Basic PC skills;

1.3. Requirements for the level of mastering the course

As a result of studying the course, students will be able to study the theoretical foundations of the control system and acquire practical skills in monitoring and adjusting the control system of different types of passenger cars. This will allow them to improve their skills as specialists.

1.4. Types and forms of control

In order for students to successfully master the course, the following types of control are carried out:

1) Current control - is carried out systematically in order to establish the level of mastery by students of the proposed material. During the training period, testing is carried out, the results of which are the basis for assigning current control points.

2) Final control. To check the mastery of this course, a final certification work and a test in the form of testing are provided. The assessment for the completed certification work is indicated in the certificate issued to students.

1.5. Kinds active methods and forms of training

When implementing the educational process, the following forms of training are carried out:

Laboratory and practical classes;

A specially equipped classroom with technical teaching aids is intended for conducting theoretical classes. When training and retraining specialists in the control and regulation of management systems, two guiding principles are used:

1) interactivity, which provides for the maximum possible involvement of students in the discussion of a particular topic;

Replacement of suspension arms.

Replacement of suspension arms and springs.

After carrying out work to change the vehicle's clearance.

The steering wheel is pulled to the side.

Delayed reaction to steering movement, tight steering wheel.

When braking, the car pulls to the side or tends to turn around (even if the braking system is working).

Increased tire wear.

Different turning radius to the right and left.

Poor self-return of the steering wheel when exiting a turn.

3. Suspension device for steering wheels and vehicle steering.

Convergence.

Camber angle.

Reverse toe-in when turning.

Kingpin angle (transverse) and additional transverse angle.

Maximum rotation angle.

Longitudinal angle of inclination of the king pin.

Maximum rotation angle.

Rear steered wheels.

Axis of symmetry and deviation of axes.

4. Preparing the stand for work.

Platform layouts.

Requirements for the workplace in the pit and on the lift.

Calibration of measuring units.

5. Operating principle and design of diagnostic stands with computer diagnostics.

Components of the CDS.

Purpose of DPT.

6.Methods for diagnosing and adjusting the control unit using KDS-5.

Installation and preparation of the car.

Attaching grips to wheel rims.

Launch the program and select a car model.

Vehicle registration.

Selection of diagnostic modes.

Disc runout compensation.

Front wheel alignment.

Measuring wheel camber and toe angles.

Measuring the angle of inclination of the steering axis of the wheels.

Working with “Adjustment” modes.

Memorization of measured parameters.

Working with the client archive program.

Entering your password and details.

Exit the program.

2.3. Content and organization of practical work

Purpose practical work listeners are trained in the skills of working with tires and car tires necessary for the work of specialists. It is practiced to pose specific questions in a short time, while the entire learning process is inextricably linked with solving real problems and reproducing existing conditions work.

CHAPTERIII. EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE COURSE

3.1. Means for ensuring mastery of the discipline

The list of material and technical means of the lecture room should include specialized furniture, technical teaching aids and special projection equipment (video screen, video projector, personal computer (PC), combined image equipment), as well as sound reproduction equipment.

To conduct lecture classes, there must be a set of demonstration equipment and (or) educational visual aids for thematic illustrations (presentations on maintenance, diagnostics and repair of electrical equipment and electronics of passenger cars, posters, brochures, etc.). The number of technical means is determined based on the number of students in educational streams.

3.2 List of questions to prepare for the exam

The physical meaning of the term wheel alignment.

The need for wheel alignment.

Preparatory operations for adjusting the control unit.

Types of adjustment.

Types of diagnostic stands.

Installation height.

Axis of symmetry and axis of deviation.

Transverse angle of inclination of the steering axis of the wheels.

Frequency of inspection of the Criminal Code.

The final work is performed on a topic proposed by the student and agreed upon with the course teacher.

3.3. List of basic and additional literature:

1. Car mechanic tutorial/ Book publishing. Behind the wheel.2007 - p.272.

2. , Gaevsky V. V.. /Book publishing Behind the wheel. 2005 - p. 336.

(GBOU SPO KGiS No. 38)

GENERAL INFORMATION

Training and metodology complex

Designed for training in the profession 14700 Tire installer

Compiled on the basis of the Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Work and Professions of Workers (UTKS)

Corresponds to category 2 ETKS

Developers:

Supervisor structural unit according to UPR, methodologist, Honorary worker NGO

Master of industrial training, second qualification category

Master of industrial training, highest qualification category

Reviewer

CEO _______________

Subject (cycle) commission "Vehicles"

Protocol No. ____ dated “__” _________ 20___

State budgetary educational institution

secondary vocational education in Moscow

"College of Urban Planning and Service No. 38"

(GBOU SPO KGiS No. 38)

I approve

Director of GBOU SPOKGiS No. 38

________________

"__"________________ 2014

PROGRAM

vocational education (training)

by profession 14700 Tire installer

Section 1. 1. General provisions

1.1.1. Regulatory and legal basis for the development of a vocational education (training) program for the profession 14700 Tire installer:

1. Federal Law - Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”.

2. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia “On approval of the Procedure for organizing and implementing educational activities for basic vocational training programs."

3.Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia “On approval of the list of professions of workers, positions of employees for which vocational training is carried out”

4.Unified tariff – qualification directory works and professions of workers (ETKS)

1.2. Regulatory period mastering the basic professional educational program vocational training (training) for profession 14700 Tire installer

In accordance with the curriculum for vocational education (training) for profession 14700 Tire installer, the maximum training period is 160 hours, including hours for independent (extracurricular) work of students.

Section 1.2. Characteristic professional activity worker in the profession being studied

1.2.1. Area and objects of professional activity

Area of ​​professional activity: repair and tire fitting of car wheels in tire shops.

Objects of professional activity: vehicles:

technological equipment, tools and devices for wheel repair and tire fitting vehicles, materials and technological process of repair and tire fitting of vehicle wheels

1.2.2. Type of professional activity: repair and tire fitting of car wheels

Section 1.3. Syllabus

Syllabus

vocational education (training)

by profession 14700 Tire installer

Section 1.4. Passport work program professional module

1.4.1 Goals and objectives of the professional module

The purpose of the professional module:

To develop in students the competencies necessary for professional activity as a 2nd category tire installer.

Objectives of the professional module:

Introduce students to the types of work of a tire installer;

Introduce students to theoretical concepts and fundamentals of professional activity;

Practice tire fitting skills;

Practice the ability to diagnose and repair wheels;

Develop skills in drawing up an instruction map;

Develop skills in preparing technical documentation.

In order to master the type of professional activity Repair and tire fitting of car wheels and the corresponding professional competencies, the student during the development of the professional module must:

have practical experience:

PO.1 Preparing for equipment operation, working with devices and tools in a tire workshop

PO.2 Selection of tire repair materials

PO.3 Compliance with labor protection rules, industrial sanitation and fire safety rules

PO.5 Carrying out the tire fitting process

Software.6 Detection of wheel damage

PO.7 Preparing wheels for repair

PO.8 Repairs

У –1 Prepare a workplace for performing tire fitting work

U – 2

U – 3Choose the optimal method of wheel repair

U – 4Select materials for wheel repair

U – 5 Carry out installation and dismantling of wheels

U – 6 Balance the wheels

U – 7 Diagnose wheels

У – 8 Perform wheel maintenance work

U – 9 Repair wheels

U – 10 Determine the quality of work performed

Z – 1 Basic information about structural and repair materials

Z–2 Design, purpose and operating principles of tire shop equipment

Z – 3 Technological process of performing tire fitting work

3 – 4 Types of wheel damage and ways to eliminate them

Z – 5 Standards for air pressure in tires of various sizes and types

3 – 6 Rules for the operation and storage of tires

Z– 7 Tire mileage standards

3–8 Terms of Use measuring instruments, working tools and accessories

Z – 9 Labor protection rules when performing work

Z – 10 Impact of tire fitting work on the environment

1.4.2. Results of mastering the professional module

The result of mastering the professional module program is that students master the type of professional activity Repair and tire fitting of car wheels, which consists of the corresponding professional competencies (PC):

Section 1.5. Contents of training according to the professional module (PM)

Moscow Department of Education

State educational institution of secondary vocational education

Novosibirsk Radio Engineering College

by discipline " Maintenance cars"

Topic: “Organizing the work of a tire service station”

Completed by: Kosoruchenko V.V.

Checked by Marichev L.S.

Introduction

A tire service station is present in almost every car service station (service station). Tire fitting equipment for wheel maintenance is installed here. A service station requires at least two stands: a tire fitting and balancing stand, as well as stands for straightening cast and steel wheels, a compressor, pneumatic tools, electric vulcanizers, disk and wheel washers, a pair of jacks or a pneumatic lift with low vehicle lift.

Truck tire fitting equipment for commercial vehicles is designed to service heavy vehicles, tractors, buses, and agricultural machinery. Tire changers are equipped with a powerful drive, one or two mounting heads and high-strength bead tearing discs. The wheel is fixed with clamps various designs in a vertical plane. Balancing machines for wheels weighing up to 200 kg are designed for balancing wheels of cars, trucks, and commercial vehicles. To facilitate work, the machines are equipped with built-in devices for raising and lowering the wheel.

Tire fitting equipment is characterized by a quick payback - due to the fact that car owners need regular maintenance, full set equipment can pay for itself in just one season of “re-shoeing”. Moreover, a well-equipped tire service station will work not only in the “season”, but also at any time of the year (tire equipment includes equipment for repairing tubes and tires, as well as equipment for straightening wheels).

The main purpose of this essay is to study and characterize the organization of work at a tire service station.

1. Tire service station equipment

1.1. Tire changer

There are automatic and semi-automatic. In semi-automatic machines, lowering the tire foot is done manually by pressing the shaft from above. Fixation is carried out by a mechanical device. Only the table rotates automatically by pressing the pedal, which is why such machines are called semi-automatic.

In automatic machines, lowering the foot and rotating the table is pneumatically driven, which is why they are called automatic. An automatic machine requires less physical effort from the operator, which increases labor productivity and processing speed of one wheel. Therefore, in an area where a large flow of cars is expected, it is better to purchase an automatic machine.

Rice. 1. Semi-automatic tire changing machine FLYING BL513

In Fig. 1 shows the semi-automatic tire changing machine FLYING BL513. This is an excellent semi-automatic machine for assembling/disassembling wheels of cars and light trucks. A tire dismounting stand with a rotating arm, the lateral movement of which allows you to easily and accurately install the beading head. It is equipped with a special mechanical stopper, which removes the head from the rim flange vertically; horizontal removal is achieved by turning the side flywheel. The kit includes a mount, a lubricator, and an inflator gun with a pressure gauge.

Rice. 2. Domestic tire changing machine KS302A

Not long ago, the domestic tire changing machine KS302A was released (Fig. 2). In addition to the set standard features(installation and dismantling of wheel tires, balancing, etc.) it became possible to quickly inflate and inflate passenger car wheels. The main feature was the function of inflation to a set level and control of air leakage from the tire. Using the Motorola digital indicator, the operator or mechanic can set a specific tire pressure, from 0.5 to 4.5 bar, and the machine will do everything itself. The error in calculating the required pressure is no more than 0.05 bar. The time it takes to inflate a tire depends on its size, required pressure and compressor, but does not exceed two minutes. It has also become possible to support the work of two craftsmen, which in turn increases the speed of work by exactly 2 times. The obvious advantage is an increase in customer traffic and, accordingly, an increase in income for a specific period of time.

1.2. Balancing machine

There are many types of balancing machines, from the simplest ( manual drive, handbrake, manual input of parameters, etc.) to balancing and diagnostic stands, where all processes (entering parameters, stopping the wheel at the place where the load is installed, diagnosing tread wear, etc.) occur automatically.

The most common requirements for balancing machines are: the ability to balance both steel and cast disks, balancing accuracy no more than 1g. Machines that meet these requirements can be classified as middle class, the share of sales of which is about 80%. Machines of this class can be divided into automatic machines (with automatic input of parameters) and semi-automatic machines (with manual input of parameters).

By analogy with tire changing machines, an automatic stand requires less physical effort from the operator, which increases labor productivity and the processing speed of one wheel; therefore, when choosing a machine, the approximate flow of cars should be taken into account.

Rice. 3. Balancing stand LS 42

In Fig. 3 shows the 5th generation balancing stand LS-42 (disc 9"...22") (made in Russia). The 5th generation balancing machine LS 42 is built on the latest element base and has the most modern set of functions and service programs for accurate and fast balancing of wheels with any type of rim: AUTOMATIC INPUT of two geometric wheel parameters; FACE PANEL WITH MEMBRANE KEYPAD forms a convenient and durable interface with additional indication of the diameter and width of the wheel being balanced.

Other advantages of this equipment include: control of various modes and activation of the required functions is carried out with one button; AUTOMATIC ACCURATE DRIVING of the wheel to the position of installation of correction weights; ALU-P MODE for precise measurement of the geometry of correction planes of light-alloy rims; AUTOMATIC INSTALLATION OF SELF-ADHESIVE WEIGHTS using the retractable rod handle. In this case, the distance to the specified correction planes is automatically controlled, and the wheel is automatically rotated taking into account the installation diameter of the correction weights; HIDDEN INSTALLATION OF SELF-ADHESIVE WEIGHTS behind the spokes of light alloy rims, Split program; OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM for the width position on the rim, Opt program; PROGRAM FOR MINIMIZING residual static unbalance; SECOND OPERATOR PROGRAM for simultaneous maintenance of two cars with different wheel sizes, and the transition from one type of wheel to another is carried out by pressing one button; BALANCED WHEELS COUNTER - You will always know the number of balanced wheels; PARKING ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE for fixing the wheel in any position at the operator's request; SPEECH SYNTHESIS - option;

The set of functions and service programs of LS 42 balancing machines corresponds to the best examples domestic and imported analogues, and in terms of operational efficiency and ease of use, it even surpasses them.

Additional convenience is provided by the presence of a parking lot electromagnetic brake, which has no analogues.

Speaking about balancing machines, it is worth noting that last year– two, the quality of Russian balancing has increased significantly. Balancing stands Russian manufacturers showed themselves at the highest level.

1.3. Optional equipment

Rolling jack. The most convenient for this type of work. The jack is equipped with a long removable handle, which reduces the driving force and makes it possible to operate the jack while standing. Also, some jacks have a quick lift pedal, i.e. When you press the pedal, the jack immediately rises to the height of the bottom of the car, which significantly saves the time and effort of the mechanic. The lifting capacity of such jacks must be at least 3 tons.

Vulcanizer. Designed for vulcanization of local damage to tubed and tubeless tires of cars and trucks (including side cuts), vulcanization of tubes and other types repair work related to rubber vulcanization. The operating principle is similar to the operating principle of a press, i.e. The tube (tire) with the patch is clamped on both sides to tightly glue the patch to the tube (tire). In addition, the surfaces between which the tube (tire) is clamped have built-in heating elements, which is necessary when repairing using hot vulcanization (soldering).

Compressor. The most used compressors at tire shops are piston compressors with a pressure of at least 10 bar, because The operating pressure of the tire changer is 8-10 bar. Based on the volume of the receiver (storage), we can say the following: if you plan to use it only for 1 tire changer, then a volume of 50 liters will be sufficient. If connected to a compressor optional equipment(wrench, drill, blow gun, etc.), then the volume must be at least 100 liters.

Pneumatic impact wrench. The necessary functions here are shock and reverse. You also need to know that the air used for pneumatic tools requires preparation. That is, a preparation unit is installed in the pneumatic line between the compressor and the tool, which consists of a filter-drier (to remove moisture) and a lubricator (to dosedly add oil to the air for lubrication internal parts pneumatic tools). Of course, you can work without installing this unit, but such a tool, firstly, is removed from the warranty, and secondly, no one guarantees the long-term use of this tool.

Tire service bath. Designed for checking tubes and tubeless tires for leaks, searching for punctures and cuts. Not required equipment.

Hand tools for tire repair. Tire repairs will also require some hand tool, such as an introductory awl for harnesses, a spiral awl with a file, a device for inserting valves, a roller for rolling patches, a scraper, a knife for removing self-adhesive weights, etc. Of course, you can do without this tool, but working with it is much more convenient.

Consumables for tire repair and balancing. Here you will need to remember to purchase materials such as balancing weights, patches, mushrooms, raw rubber, valves, nipples, harnesses, patches, glue, tire paste, talc, cleaner, etc.

2. Approximate layout of the tire service area

Rice. 4. Layout of the tire shop

1. Tire stand with third-hand manipulator

2. Balancing stand with pneumatic lift

3. Tire lift

4. Bath for checking wheels and tubes

5. Workplace with a slipway for rubber repair

6. Portable tire inflation tank

7. Vulcanizer with manipulator and local ventilation

8. Tool trolley

9. Wheel washing

10. Torque wrench

11. Rolling jack

12. Rings for inflating tubeless tires

13. Cabinet for storing consumables

14. Impact wrench and pneumatic special tools

15. Tread cutter

16. Abrasives

17. Tire repair materials

The equipment and layout of this area in the recommended manner allows for high-quality installation and dismantling of all types of wheels of cars, jeeps and small trucks with a disk diameter of 11 "-20", as well as repairing all types of damage to tube and tubeless tires, including damage to the tread and shoulder and sidewall, with the extent of damage not exceeding the maximum permissible.

3. Work process at the tire shop

The tire repair area is designed for dismantling and mounting wheels and tires, replacing tires, TP tubes and wheel rims, as well as balancing wheel assemblies. In this case, washing and drying of wheels before dismantling them, if necessary, is carried out here or in the UMR area, where there is a hose washing installation.

The technological process at the tire fitting site is carried out in the order shown in Figure 5.

Rice. 5. Scheme of the technological process at the tire workshop

Wheels removed from the vehicle at the post are transported to the tire workshop using a special cart. Before repair work begins, the wheels are temporarily stored on a rack. Tire dismantling is carried out on a special dismantling and mounting stand in the sequence specified in the technological map. After dismantling, the tire and wheel rim are stored on a rack, and the tube on a hanger.

The technical condition of tires is controlled by a thorough inspection from the outside and inside using a manual pneumatic bead expander (spreader).

Foreign objects, stuck in the tread and sidewalls of the tires, are removed using pliers and a blunt awl. Foreign metal objects in the tire can be detected during the diagnostic process using special device. When checking the technical condition of the cameras, punctures, breakdowns, ruptures, dents and other defects are identified. The tightness of the chambers is checked in a bath filled with water and equipped with a supply system compressed air.

A control inspection of the disks is carried out to identify cracks, corrosion deformations and other defects. It is mandatory to check the condition of the holes for the wheel studs. The rims are cleaned of rust using a special electrically driven machine. Minor rim defects, such as bent or burrs, are eliminated on a special stand and using metalworking tools.

Studring is carried out on a special stand; if the tire does not have formed holes for studs, they are drilled using a pneumatic drilling machine, which provides the necessary high rotation speed of the drill.

Technically serviceable tires, tubes and wheels are mounted and dismantled on the same stand. The air pressure in the tires must comply with the standards recommended by the manufacturer. The tire fitting area is equipped with a standard pressure gauge, against which the working pressure gauges are periodically checked. After mounting the tires, be sure to balance the wheel assembly on a special stand.

The tire department is provided with the necessary technical documentation, including technological maps to perform basic types of work, and appropriate technological equipment.

4. Organization of labor in a tire shop

Labor organization should be understood as a system of organizational and technical measures aimed at improving the method and working conditions based on the latest achievements of culture, technology and science, ensuring increased labor productivity.

The main task of labor organization is to increase overall labor productivity at all levels of production by:

1) applications more rational organization labor based on the study of production operations, non-productive time losses, the use of more advanced means of production (equipment);

2) introduction of such labor standards that ensure the development of labor relations of each team

3) the use of material and moral incentives and their combinations.

The combination of labor organization during daily vehicle maintenance manifests itself in downtime, labor costs for their implementation in the cost of a unit of production. Therefore, the starting point when introducing labor organization is to study the use of working time when performing a particular process. The object of study is also data from operational and statistical reporting. The obtained results of observation of the study of the use of working time make it possible to identify reserves of working time at workplaces and in production departments of the motor vehicle fleet.

The obtained results of studying the use of working time make it possible to most expediently and effectively carry out work in the main areas of labor organization and improve production in the direction of more intensive use of means of production. Along with this, it is necessary to study the methods and techniques of performing work at each workplace from each operation.

In order to study the operation in more detail, it is broken down into its simplest elements and movements. An important element studying the operation and designing a new method is to study the work station when performing this work. Labor organization provides for the organization and provision of jobs in the labor process.

The main task when planning a workplace is the rational placement of equipment, devices, tools, and avoiding loss of time. Great importance in the intensification of labor acquires the use of mechanization and automation means in combination with the organization of labor and economic efficiency the means used.

The basis for organizing processes is the division of labor and its cooperation. The division of labor determines the specialization of workers, which is the most important factor increasing labor productivity. Cooperation is a form of organization of the labor process when, as a result of the division of labor, individual operations performed by certain workers require mutual coordination in the entire production process.

Working conditions are assessed based on temperature, air speed and lighting in production areas. Scientifically based painting of equipment and premises helps to increase labor productivity by up to 20%, reduce injuries by 35 ... 40% and reduce production defects by half.

An integral part labor organization are issues of technical regulation, material incentives, encouragement of labor activity and creative initiative of enterprise employees.

5. Safety precautions

During tire fitting work, accidents occur mainly due to the breakdown of the retaining ring or mounting blades, or the rupture of tires. Hazards also arise when carrying truck and bus tires, using electrically powered equipment and pressure equipment.

Tire fitting and dismantling work is carried out at the tire workshop using special equipment, fixtures and tools. When removing the tire from the wheel rim, the air from the inner tube must be completely released. Tires that fit tightly to the wheel rim are demonstrated on special stands or using special devices. It is prohibited to use sledgehammers when dismantling and installing tires.

Before installation, inspect the tire, remove small stones, metal and other objects from the tread, check the condition of the tire beads, the locking ring and the recess for it on the wheel rim, the condition of the wheel disk. The tire beads should not have cuts, tears or other damage, the rim should not have cracks, dents, burrs, rust. The locking ring must fit securely into the rim recess with its entire inner surface.

In stationary conditions, tires removed from a vehicle are inflated and inflated in places equipped with protective guards that prevent the lock ring from flying out. You can inflate a tire without dismantling it if the air pressure has decreased by at least 40% of normal and the correct installation has not been compromised.

All operations for dismounting and moving wheels and tires of vehicles weighing more than 20 kg must be carried out using mechanized means (carts, lifts, etc.).

Due to the high danger of vulcanization work, persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a preliminary medical examination and special course training, passed exams and received a certificate for the right to perform this work are allowed to perform it.

All workplaces must be kept clean and not cluttered with parts, equipment, tools, fixtures, and materials. Impact tools (chisels, bits, etc.) must have a smooth back part without cracks, burrs, hardening or chips. To prevent hand injuries, the length of the tool should not be less than 150 mm.

When working with power tools, electrical safety precautions should be observed. The resistance of all current-carrying paths is checked once a year with a megaohmmeter.

Wooden tool handles (hammers, screwdrivers, sledgehammers) must always be dry, free of burrs and have a comfortable shape.

When inflating truck tires, be sure to use a safety cage.

It is prohibited to mount wheels on a tire stand whose size exceeds the maximum size specified by the manufacturer.

The tire shop premises belong to category D in terms of fire hazard - a room in which non-flammable substances and materials in a cold state are located or communicate. In accordance with current legislation, responsibility for ensuring fire safety at ATPs lies with their managers. Signs indicating persons responsible for fire safety, posted in prominent places. The responsibilities of these persons include: knowledge fire danger substances and materials used in production, technological production process; training workers in fire safety rules; monitoring compliance with fire safety rules in the areas entrusted to them; maintaining all available fire extinguishing equipment and fire notifications in constant readiness; elimination of violations of fire safety rules and malfunctions of fire equipment; development of instructions on fire safety measures for their departments. They must: prevent obstruction of fire entrances to buildings and structures, water sources, approaches to fire equipment, passages in buildings, corridors and staircases; do not allow work to be carried out using open flames, including carefully inspecting the premises before closing to prevent fire conditions.

For fire department ATPs create volunteer fire brigades (VFD). The DPD is entrusted with: monitoring compliance with the fire safety regime of the ATP and its production areas, warehouses and other facilities; educational work among workers and employees in order to comply with fire safety regulations; supervision over the good condition of primary fire extinguishing equipment and their readiness for action; calling fire brigades in the event of a fire and taking immediate measures to extinguish the fire using available fire extinguishing means; participation, if necessary, in combat crews working on fire trucks, motor pumps and other mobile and stationary fire extinguishing equipment, as well as in exceptional cases of duty.

The numerical composition of the DPD is determined by the head of the ATP. The DPD is staffed by employees of the enterprise who are at least 18 years old in such a way that there are members of the squad in each workshop and shift.

Fire-technical commissions play an important role in carrying out fire prevention measures at ATPs. The commissions include: chief engineer, fire chief, chief mechanic, labor protection engineer and other persons at the discretion of the head of the enterprise.

The tasks of the fire-technical commission include: identifying fire-hazardous violations and shortcomings in the technical processes of car repair, in the operation of units, installations, production areas, warehouses, which can lead to a fire, explosion or accident, and the development of measures aimed at eliminating these violations and shortcomings; assistance to the fire protection department (FPD) of the enterprise in organizing and conducting fire prevention work and eliminating the strict fire regime in production premises.

All engineering and technical workers, employees and workers of the ATP, when hired, are required to undergo primary fire safety training, and then directly at the workplace - secondary fire safety training. The initial briefing is carried out by the fire chief, and where they are not present, by a special person from the engineering and technical staff, appointed by order on the fire safety department. Repeated training is carried out quarterly. The person responsible for fire safety keeps a log of fire extinguishing means listing and indicating the dates of their testing and regular inspections.

To notify a fire at the ATP, an electric signal is used. fire alarm, telephone communication. To localize and eliminate small fires and fires at the initial stage of their development, ATPs use primary fire extinguishing means, which primarily include portable and mobile fire extinguishers, sand boxes, felt mats, asbestos blankets, and water tanks.

Electrical fire alarms are classified into automatic and non-automatic ones. Automatic communication is more advanced, as it allows you to automatically detect a fire and report it to the nearest fire department. It uses automatic detectors, which are divided into thermal, flame (light), ultrasonic and combined.

You can stop burning by physical and chemical means. Physical methods include cooling flammable substances, isolating substances from the combustion zone, diluting reacting substances with non-flammable and non-flammable substances. The chemical method involves inhibiting the combustion reaction due to a decrease in the concentration of active substances in the reaction zone.

To localize and eliminate small fires and ignitions in their initial stages, primary fire extinguishing means are used, which include portable and mobile fire extinguishers (GOST 122047-86), sand boxes, water tanks and other fire extinguishing means.

Conclusion

So, let's formulate conclusions. Tire and wheel repair centers were one of the first among specialized car service enterprises in the early 90s. Their number and capacity quickly reached the required levels to fully satisfy demand. First of all, they appeared next to gas stations and at paid parking lots, and later - as independent enterprises. The unexpectedly rapid development of such enterprises may be explained by the following:

The need for great physical effort when dismantling and installing wheels;

The increasing use of safe tubeless tires, which require special care and care during their dismantling and installation;

The complexity of technology and equipment for wheel balancing (impossible to carry out on our own);

A layer of wealthy car owners has emerged who can afford not to engage in heavy physical labor.

One of the most popular types of service for cars is tire fitting. Tire fitting work includes a fairly wide range of services (balancing, wheel straightening, vulcanization, wheel washing, tire fitting work, etc.) and therefore require various equipment and tools. Moreover, car service equipment is quite expensive and, without proper installation and calibration, may simply not perform its functions.

The basis of the tire workshop are tire mounting and balancing machines. The choice of tire changing machine depends on the planned load of the site, as well as on what vehicles are planned to be serviced. Based on these data, a machine with an optimal grip radius is selected and, if necessary, supplemented with a “third arm” and an explosive pumping kit.

The work of a tire service, of course, is not limited to seasonal tire changes. Rubber is a reliable material, but, like everything in this world, it is not eternal and has its own service life. In addition to replacing “aged” tires, wheel balancing services are provided at tire fitting stations. In some cases - and to correct them. For a more functional tire service, you need a wheel wash, disc stands for aluminum and steel wheels, scissor lifts and other tire service equipment. This equipment, on the one hand, is expensive, but on the other hand, it allows you to expand the range of services for customers. High-quality and reliable car service equipment is the secret of fast customer service, after which he will definitely be satisfied.

The layout of a tire repair site is a plan for the arrangement of technological equipment, service and repair stations (if vehicles are allowed to enter the site), and lifting and transport equipment. Planning solutions production areas are developed after layout production building and determining the size of plots.

The arrangement of equipment in areas must comply with the technological process of the corresponding area, safety requirements and scientific organization of work. The dimensions, configuration and location of zones and sections must correspond to those adopted in the layout of the production building. The equipment must be positioned so that the worker’s movements when performing work in accordance with the technological process are minimal. When arranging equipment, it must be taken into account that for ease of installation and maintenance of stationary equipment installed on foundations, access to it must be provided from all sides. In addition, it is necessary to provide conditions safe work on the equipment.

Prospective development of the tire service station STO1 of OJSC Kurganoblato