Practical work 1 smart home system. Smart home project. Questions for self-control
Practical work № 1
Topic: “Smart Home System”
Goal of the work: learn explain and apply concepts, theories and perspectives on system development " smart House"; analyze the possibilities and prospects for the development of means of providing control and management of the “smart home” system; competently use the acquired knowledge to design smart home systems
Progress:
Task No. 1 Familiarize yourself with the basic concepts of the “smart home” system and fill out the table.
In modern intelligent buildings, automation and building management systems occupy a key place, ensuring the interconnection of all engineering equipment and building systems. A “Smart Home” should be understood as housing that is automated for the convenience and comfort of people using high-tech devices. Such a system is able to recognize specific situations occurring in the room and automatically respond to them, and all control elements are connected to each other and work in a single complex.
According to the MiDart agency, in “intelligent buildings” operating costs are reduced by 30%, payments for electricity are also reduced by 30%, for water - by 41%, for heat - by 50%, and the reduction in insurance risks reaches 60%. Obviously, this is an opportunity to achieve not only the highest degree of comfort and safety for a person living in a Smart Home, but also saving natural resources and costs.
The advantages of a “Smart Home” primarily include: 1. Comfort - this means that such technology is aimed at freeing the residents of the house from daily “communication” with various systems engineering communications. Basically, she controls various devices herself, taking into account the characteristics of each of them. If human intervention is necessary, the computer program will report this. And then, in most cases, such intervention is limited to pressing a few buttons on a special control panel.
2. Security. Modern housing today is almost always equipped with systems fire safety, security alarms, technical alarms and video surveillance. And all these systems are integrated into the Smart Home control technology;
3. Savings - “Smart Home” allows you to reduce the cost of electrical and thermal energy, by regulating lighting and climate in rooms not in use at a particular moment. A special place is occupied by the security system of Smart Home class buildings. An integrated security system will significantly reduce, and sometimes eliminate, the possibility of dangerous situations occurring at any facility: in an apartment, cottage, office, business center, shopping and entertainment center, store, warehouse, hotel, museum, theater, industrial enterprise and other facilities of any kind. degree of difficulty.
Fires, malfunctions in water supply systems and imperfect security systems cause serious material losses. At the same time, the economic growth recent years, leads from an excess of electricity in the past to its shortage in the future, which, in turn, creates the preconditions for the wider introduction of energy-saving technologies and control algorithms, which are, first of all, provided by building automation systems. The use of this system in Europe, the USA, and many Asian countries has long been a standard for equipping new buildings; the standard capabilities of such systems are included in almost every project. The popularity of the “Smart Home” in Russia is still low.
The main reasons are: misperception of the very concept of “Smart Home”, as well as a negative attitude towards this topic caused by the poor quality work of some installation companies at the stage of formation of the Russian market of home automation systems;
The lack of experience of installation companies contributed to the fact that company representatives often made obviously impossible promises, and as a result, the implemented systems differed greatly from the customer’s expectations.
the perception of the concept of “Smart Home” is very narrow - as a set of presence or motion sensors, with the help of which the lights will turn on and off automatically or with a clap;
low quality of supplied electrical energy.
Table 1 – Basic concepts of the Smart Home system
12
Conclusion:
Task No. 2 Using the data presented in the task, describe the project of your “Smart Home” in which you will provide elements of the “Smart Home” system for the premises of your apartment (house). The project must be presented in the form of a diagram (Figure 1).
One of the most popular ways to implement the concept of an intelligent building is KNX technology (expand). The essence of its work is that subscribers (devices) connected to the network can exchange information through a common information bus. On this moment KNX is an open global standard supported by more than 300 manufacturers worldwide. This technology represents a logical development of the requirements for building engineering systems.
In order to transform an ordinary home into a smart one, the following elements will be required in accordance with KNX technology: -Sensors (sensors and controls) – wall panels and switches, sensors physical quantities(temperature, humidity, etc.),thermostats, motion and presence sensors, timers . They are responsible for recording certain external events, the occurrence of which should cause a certain response from the system. For example, a sensor detects an increase in temperature and sends a control command over the network to turn on the air conditioner; -
Actuators (activators) – lighting controllers (dimmers), relay modules, blinds controls, heating radiators, etc. They change their state (on/off, open/closed) in accordance with commands coming from sensors, thereby controlling various electrical equipment; - System devices - power supplies, controllers, interface and logical modules, bus connections, etc. They are installed in a separate electrical cabinet and ensure the possibility of constructing and operating the KNX network as a whole.
Comfortable indoor microclimate - This is a balanced ratio of temperature and air humidity. Technical means, with the help of which this can be achieved, are widely available today, and the task of the “Smart Home” is to synchronize their work in each specific case choose the optimal scenario for turning on/off devices.
The Smart Home system control panel easily solves the problem of creating different lighting scenes, since it combines several programmable switches and the necessary sensors (automatic lighting control) in one elegant modular element.
Designing a “Smart Home” is one of the most important stages. As a rule, the cost of project development does not exceed 10% of the cost of the equipment itself
- security systems. They are the ones who determine the high degree of protection for the health, life and property of Smart Home owners. This involves the installation of numerous sensors and video surveillance that will monitor the territory of the entire residential complex and the integrity of utilities.
- household complexes. For example, internal (“Warm floor”) and external (anti-icing) heating, power supply and lightning protection. Systems that provide a comfortable microclimate in the house, uninterruptible power supply and equipment integrity.
UD is designed for maximum comfortable life people through the use of modern high-tech means. To the main subsystems smart home include: climate control, lighting, multimedia (audio and video), security systems, intercom, and others (Figure 1).
Figure 1 – Structure of a smart home
1. Main components of a Smart Home.
2. What is the fundamental difference between a Smart Home?
3. Is Smart Home technology economical? Give reasons for your answer.
Creative project
Creative project
"Smart House"
"Smart House"
Prepared by a 7th grade student
Kutsenko Kristina
1. Problem situation
During technology lessons we were asked the question, what is
integrated control system "Smart Home"?
I typed these words into an Internet search engine
and received many links and sites where you can
find information. I studied them and realized that this
system
modern technologies really
makes the house smart. For example, using devices
you can control the light. I decided to find out more
the advantages of such a system and tell parents.
In our house we also need to install various
devices, but what kind - I’ll try to find out.
2. Project goal
With
Familiarize
opportunities
Smart Home systems and consider
application of elements of this system
for our home.
3.Project objectives
comprehensive
dedicated
1. Collect the necessary information on sites
Internet,
system
"Smart Home" control.
2.Analyze the needs for managing our
home using various sensors.
3.Create a list (list) of our problems.
4. Find technologies suitable for our home.
5.Determine what means to implement them
our family has.
Lukyanenko E.A. MKOU secondary school No. 256, Fokino
4.Research
I familiarized myself with the relevant Internet sites, from which I learned more about what
included in the concept of "smart home". Since this is a very interesting question for me,
I turned to my dad for clarification. It turned out that it was a home automation system,
offices, apartments, including the following components:
light control;
installation of various presence, motion, light sensors, etc.;
control of blinds and roller shutters;
ventilation and air conditioning control;
climate and heating control;
multiroom systems (distribution of audio, video signals various sources V
different rooms);
control of security and fire systems of the house (including notification of
occurring via any communication channel);
control of other devices that can be connected to the common system;
the possibility of centralized control of the "Smart Home" via a computer,
Internet, via remote control, mobile phone.
The Smart Home system is designed and assembled individually for each
consumer. This is done by professionals. Create such a system in your home yourself
It's almost impossible to do. Some of the systems listed above may not be
install or, conversely, add new ones.
6.Selection of specific systems
To reduce the cost of the Smart Home system for
our family can be established individual elements.
It is not necessary to combine everything into a single whole. So,
having equipped the house with such components of the system as
control
fire department
alarm, sensors for water leaks and gas leaks, we
We will save energy and provide protection
material
actions
intruders, man-made factors, from the influence
human factor. And I also want it to be
a device that controls air temperature.
property
from
lighting,
security
And
All this can be managed using
remote control
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Smart Home All equipment that is included in the concept of “Intelligent Building” or “Smart Home” differs from ordinary switches, sockets, lamps, just as an old TV with a channel switch knob differs from a modern one equipped with a remote control.
Smart Home No matter which scheme for calculating the costs of using an Intelligent Building, the system will pay for itself. It will pay off handsomely, because the damage from theft, fire, gas leak or attack on your home is much more than you will invest in equipping your home with an Intelligent Building system.
Smart home Russian market devices for safety and comfort, a complex and cumbersome Smart Home system has been presented for more than 10 years. Most companies act not only as distributors, but also as installation organizations offering the services of designers - planners and technical specialists. However, in addition to sophisticated designs for a lot of money, today you can also find affordable small systems with the ability self-installation, configuration and subsequent expansion of the system.
Smart home First of all, it is worth realizing that smart home is a living centralized system for monitoring and managing subsystems installed throughout the house. Technology that allows you to program operating modes. In general, the elements of the system can be divided into several groups:
Smart Home Voice Pager Voice Pager - Record and playback up to 20 messages Swimming pool Swimming pool - Heating control - Filtration control Irrigation Irrigation - Automatic watering Blinds Blinds - Automatic opening/closing of blinds and gates - Scene control of blinds Control of household devices Control of household devices - Control of all devices from one remote control - Communication between premises - Entry call from wide choice melodies
Guidelines for implementation independent work № 1.
Subject: Smart House
Target: learn independently, work with the proposed material, learn to systematize and summarize information on a topic, draw up a supporting summary of the studied material
Number of hours: 2
Type of work: studying the topic, developing a summary on the topic of independent work
Questions (tasks):
General information
Unified building management system
Technologies.
Smart home functions
Make notes on the issues studied, write them down on A4 paper in handwritten form and submit them for verification.
Smart home Smart House) - House modern type, organized for the convenience of people living with the help of high-tech devices. Electronic household appliances in a smart home can be combined into a home Universal Plug’n’Play - a network with the ability to access the network common use.
The concept of a "smart home" was formulated by the Intelligent Building Institute in Washington in the 1970s: "A building that provides productive and efficient use workspace..."
It is worth separating the concepts of “smart home” and “life support systems”. Individual systems only have the necessary control and monitoring interfaces. The concept of an “Intelligent Building Management System” presupposes a new approach to organizing the life support of a building, in which, due to a complex of software and hardware, the operating efficiency and reliability of control of all operating systems and actuators of the building significantly increases.
The main feature of an intelligent building is the integration of individual subsystems various manufacturers into a single managed complex.
A “smart home” should be understood as a system that must be able to recognize specific situations occurring in a building and respond accordingly to them: one of the systems can control the behavior of others according to pre-developed algorithms. English word intelligent, literally meaning “reasonable”, “understanding”, in combination with the word building is used to mean “flexible, adaptable”.
“Smart home” in its original sense means “a building ready for change” or “an adaptable (flexible) building”, the engineering systems of which are capable of adapting to possible changes in the future.
The building is designed in such a way that all its control systems can be integrated with each other at minimal cost, and their maintenance can be organized in an optimal way. The project necessarily assumes the ability to expand and modify the configurations of installed systems.
Over time, the buildings will acquire " artificial intelligence" Then we can rightfully call them intellectual. The systems will be able to monitor the operation and condition of the entire “filling” of the building, including enclosing structures, and independently make decisions in changing circumstances.
The term “smart home” usually means integration into unified system building management the following systems:
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system
Security and fire alarm system, access control system to premises, control of water leaks, gas leaks
CCTV system
Communication networks (including telephone and the local network building)
Lighting system
Building power supply system (automatic transfer switch, industrial UPS, diesel generators)
Mechanization of the building (opening/closing gates, barriers, electric heating of steps, etc.)
Control of audio, video equipment, home theater, multiroom from one place
Telemetry - remote monitoring of systems
IP monitoring of an object - remote control of systems over a network
GSM monitoring - remote reporting of incidents in a home (apartment, office, facility) and control of home systems via telephone (in some systems, you can receive voice instructions on planned control actions, as well as voice reports on the results of actions).
Today, technology allows you to build home automation component by component - selecting only those smart home functions that are really needed. The modular structure allows you to create systems without high cost, with a 100% usage guarantee.
One of the oldest and most odious projects is Bill Gates' cottage. This project, like a lot of science fiction literature, has given rise to a huge number of myths about the “smart home”.
In 1995, developers of Java technologies predicted one of the main purposes for this technology to increase intelligence household appliances- for example, the refrigerator itself will order products from the store. This idea has not received industrial distribution, but companies such as Miele and Siemens are already producing household appliances with the possibility of inclusion in a “smart home”. True, these solutions are based on QNX, not Java.
But the function of turning off all the lights with one button, as well as the ability to turn them on and off from different places, is now actively implemented in almost all home automation projects.
Smart home as home automation is developing not only in Russia. All technologies and systems that are used in Russia are developed and produced in Europe, the USA and China. The main difference seems to be in the purpose and approach of the installers.
In Europe, automation projects for private houses and apartments are prepared by the developer and manufacturer of the systems themselves, while the installer is assigned the role of virtually ordinary, but qualified installers, working strictly according to the scheme.
In Russia, the installer is the most important figure in creating a smart home. As a rule, he works with many manufacturers of automation systems, this allows him to select the most optimal system for solving the automation tasks assigned to him. After that, he himself is engaged in the design, installation, sale and launch of the built smart home.
Technologies
LanDrive is the most accessible platform today for building bus-based distributed control systems for indoor and outdoor lighting, power loads, electrical appliances, as well as systems such as heating, air conditioning, ventilation, security alarms, access control and water leaks. It is also possible to control audio and video equipment, home theaters, blinds, roller shutters, curtains, gates, pumps, and motors. Mainly focused on use as part of a “smart home”, but in Lately increasingly used in systems for accounting and saving energy resources, access control, security and fire systems.
LCN is a German automation system for both home and industrial automation. Fully distributed intelligence. The transmission medium used is ordinary electrical wire core cross-section 1.5 or 2.5 mm2. Control of almost any equipment is realized. Optimal price/feature ratio.
iRidium Mobile is a software package for managing smart home systems with mobile devices iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and any devices running Windows XP/7, Windows mobile/Ce.
BPT is a distributed intelligence home automation system using a closed data transfer protocol. The tire used is a standard one. twisted pair UTP. Control of lighting, home automation, air conditioning, heating, engineering and burglar alarm, intercom. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.
MyHome SCS Integrates via an OpenWebNet gateway with systems from various manufacturers.
EIB (European Installation Bus).
UBI (Universal Bus Interface). This interface provides combined transmission over twisted pair (UTP, FTP) of smart home control signals, Ethernet signals ( computer network, digital video surveillance, digital television and telephony, Internet). Its idea and roots go back to the concept of open systems interaction based on the international multi-level ISO OSI model. In the future, all buildings will become intelligent and will be interconnected. According to most experts [source not specified 418 days], the OSI open systems interaction model is ideal for combining solutions and technologies from different manufacturers into a single whole electronic equipment, be it electronics washing machine, home theater, building ventilation system or passenger car. Already, many manufacturers (for example, Legrand) of equipment for engineering networks of intelligent buildings are making considerable efforts to unify cable systems under different technologies And different purposes. The concept of “Optimal networks” was introduced.
In a properly designed smart building, structured cabling systems and building automation equipment are independent of each other. The end user does not need to worry about whether there is a TV or telephone socket in a particular location. Cable systems universal and unified. That is, the purpose for the outlet can be thought up later. You can also then select the final implementation of the automation system (be it EIB, C-BUS, X-10 or anything else). Technologies exist and are becoming widespread for dynamically controlled “switching” of the assignment of connection end points (for example, sockets). In a split second telephone socket turns into television. The user only has to connect the connecting cables to other end equipment (change the telephone patch cord to a television one).
C-Bus (protocol) - protocol for home automation and building automation, sports facilities etc. [source not specified 324 days] C-Bus is a distributed intelligence system (without a central processor) using Cat.5 cable, the length of which in one segment can be 1000 m. Such segments Up to 255 can be combined into one system. The network uses 36 V alternating current. The C-Bus protocol is used in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East, Russia, the USA, South Africa, the UK and other parts of Europe including Greece, the Baltics, Romania and other countries. In the US, C-Bus is marketed under the "SquareD Clipsal" brand. The C-Bus protocol was created by Clipsal Integrated Systems for use in home automation systems and building lighting control systems.
Helvar - uses the DALI and DSI protocol for lighting control systems.
AMX is a centralized home automation system of the company of the same name. The protocols are closed. Initially, our own data transmission buses were used. The new AMX equipment lines use standard Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Zigbee protocols for transmission. Has gateways for interfacing with other systems (EIB, LON, etc.).
Crestron is a protocol for controlling automation systems and multimedia systems. [source not specified 324 days] Developed by Crestron (USA). The protocol is closed. The main competitor is AMX (USA).
X10 is a protocol for controlling electrical appliances. The signal is transmitted via electrical wires or in the radio range. Disadvantages - low information transfer speed and noise immunity, problem false alarm, absence feedback receiver and transmitter, conflicts between X10 devices are possible different manufacturers and unauthorized access to X10 devices over the electrical network.
Z-wave is a patented wireless communication protocol developed for home automation, in particular for monitoring and control of residential and commercial facilities. The technology uses low-power and miniature radio frequency modules that are embedded in consumer electronics and various devices such as lighting, heating, access control, entertainment systems and home appliances.
LUXOR - local lighting and climate control system. Use regular electrical cable and switches. The system is manufactured by Theben AG. The protocol is closed. The main reasons for choosing this system are the low cost of equipment, ease of installation and commissioning. The system is compatible with any types of electrical installation products.
Smart Bus is a bus developed in Canada. This system smart home is an ideal combination of price-quality ratio.
ONE-NET is an open wireless data network protocol developed for building automation and distributed facility management.
R-BUS is a bus developed jointly by Russian and Chinese enterprises with an open data transfer protocol, designed for automation of large and small structures.
DOMINTELL is a centralized home, office and hotel automation system. Uses RS485 interface for data exchange between modules. There are Ethernet TCP, UDP, RS232, B&O, DMX (light control) gateways. Open system"Light Protocol" control commands. It was developed in 1999 in Belgium.
There are two different principles for constructing such systems: centralized (for example, IHC from Lexel) and decentralized based on the installation bus (EIB, LonWork, Crastron, etc.)
Smart home functions include
Light control
Light control allows the user to create light scenarios from an unlimited number of light sources with different brightnesses, turn them on simultaneously or with a delay, simulating, for example, the effect of “running lights”.
Using special light dimmers, you can not only change the brightness at which the lamp lights up when turned on, but also the time during which this brightness will be achieved.
The constant light control function is intended mainly for office premises and makes it possible to maintain user-specified illumination work surface no matter whether the sun is shining or the sky is covered with clouds.
Automatic switching on of outdoor lighting depending on the time of day and the presence of people will not only provide additional comfort, but will also scare away uninvited guests.
Microclimate control
The system constantly measures the temperature individually in each room and maintains it at the level you set, directly controlling the radiator valves or air conditioning dampers, and, if necessary, automatically turning the ventilation on or off.
Every day EIB helps you save money thanks to various system operating modes: comfort mode, night mode, “no one in the house” mode. Modes change according to a schedule or at the user’s command. You only need to set the room temperature on the touch panel display once for each mode.
The heating/air conditioning system will turn off automatically to save energy if the room's windows are opened for ventilation (a signal for this will be sent by the frame contact).
IN summer time their slats automatically rotate at a certain angle and prevent excess from entering the room sunlight, without decreasing luminous flux. Thus, they prevent the room from heating up and help save energy consumed by the air conditioner.
A smart home keeps a record of all the events that happened in it during your absence: who came and when, how long they stayed in the house, what suspicious individuals hovered around it for a long time. Their faces and actions are recorded in his memory.
Uninvited guests will face unpleasant surprises in the form of blinding lights and a sound siren. In addition, the user will be notified by phone about their entry into the House and the security will be called.
Emergency situations.
Whenever emergency situations(for example, water leaks) The house will not only inform the user and the relevant service, but will also take the necessary measures to localize the accident (stop the water supply).
Presence effect
In the absence of the user, the House can imitate the usual lifestyle of the owners, turning on lights and music in the evenings, thereby creating the effect of presence.
As a conclusion, I would like to note that the Smart Home system is a comprehensive home automation system using a huge number of functions. The system is relatively popular in all countries of the world. The system includes control functions for such systems as lighting, ventilation, security system, fire safety, water leakage protection system, heating system, etc. The system works thanks to platforms for building bus distributed control systems for the above systems, such as LanDrive, LCN, iRidium Mobile, BPT, MyHome SCS, EIB.
Questions for self-control:
What is meant by the term “Smart Home”?
What systems go into a unified building management system?
What types of technologies do you know?
What smart home functions do you know?
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ , Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
http://www.bestreferat.ru/referat-236613.html Bank of abstracts
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