How to choose a lighting motion sensor. Motion sensors to turn on the lights - a smart and safe home. Types of motion tracking devices

Many people who find themselves in an unfamiliar room spend a lot of time searching for the light switch, probing every section of the wall near front door. And you will be very lucky if the switch has a backlight, but not all manufacturers worry about this. In addition, the floors in the building are not always level, and this is already dangerous. More recently, to solve this problem, they simply left emergency lighting on, especially in crowded places: entrances, staircases and parking lots.

But progress does not stand still in the modern realities of constant energy savings It is advisable to use light control devices, which allow the light sources to be turned on only if it is really necessary. That is, at the moment when a person enters the illuminated area. For this purpose, special motion control devices were created to turn on the lighting.

Types of motion control sensors

By motion sensor, based on its name, is meant a device that detects the movement of any objects in the immediate action area. Thanks to the development and improvement of various technical devices, such devices turned out to be quite compact and inexpensive. Moreover, their use is advisable in buildings of a certain type.

1. IN basements, garage boxes and storage rooms, where it is quite difficult to find and turn off by touch, and illumination from natural light sources does not penetrate there.
2. In walk-through rooms where there is constant but short-term movement of people: staircase, entrance or corridor.
3. In buildings where the lights must be turned on well in advance of the immediate arrival of people.
4. To improve comfort, motion sensor to turn on the light used in bathrooms, and such a device may, in addition to the lighting device, include an exhaust system.
5. This device has gained wide popularity in security systems.

Moreover, according to the principle of operation, all motion control devices are divided into certain groups.

Motion detection systems, depending on the method of receiving signals from objects, are also divided into several types.

1. The active device itself emits and records the signal reflected from the object. Such devices structurally consist of a receiver and an emitter. But for this reason, the design of the device becomes significantly more complicated, and, accordingly, the price.
2. A passive device registers the objects' own radiation. Structurally, such a device is much simpler and, naturally, cheaper. But passive devices have high level false positives.

Ultrasonic motion sensor

Such devices received greatest application in parking and security systems for vehicles. Moreover, such devices have the following advantages:

• a price that is affordable for people with average incomes;
• device resistance to impact external factors environment;
• receiving a reflected signal from any object.

Naturally, the use of such sensors is also possible to turn on lighting fixtures, but this is impractical due to a number of disadvantages of ultrasound:

• ultrasonic frequency is clearly audible to pets;
• limited range of the device;
• The sensor is triggered by sudden movements, so slowly moving objects fall out of its field of action.

Microwave Motion Control Sensor

By analogy with an ultrasonic device, such a device is active. Simply put, it emits a wave that is received after reflection from an object. The only difference between such a device is the use of electromagnetic waves rather than sound waves.

Microwave motion control devices emit radio waves that are reflected from all objects in the area of ​​the device. If no moving objects are detected, the reflected signal will return without changing the frequency. When any movement occurs, a frequency shift occurs, which triggers the sensor.

Due to a number of advantages of microwave devices, they have become most widespread in security systems:

• microwave sensor has small sizes, thanks to which it is practically invisible;
• the device has a large range;
• microwave motion recording device Can function even behind fences made of non-conductive material;
• the device has great accuracy and detects even slight movement in the sensor’s coverage area.

Microwave motion sensors for light control are used extremely rarely due to a number of specific disadvantages:

• microwave devices have enough at a high price compared to other analogues;
• due to the high sensitivity of the device, false positives.

Microwave rays with high density power has a very detrimental effect on human health. For this reason, it is not advisable for living organisms to remain near a long-range device for a long time.

Infrared motion sensor is the best choice for turning on the light

It's no secret that absolutely all objects emit infrared radiation, which is captured by a motion detection sensor through pyroelectric elements that respond to temperature changes.

If no changes occur in the coverage area of ​​the IR sensor, then the potential generated at the output of the device has constant value. When there is any movement of objects emitting IR rays, the value of the output potential changes, which leads to the operation of the sensor.

Infrared sensors are most widely used as devices for automatically turning on light in various rooms, which is due to their advantage compared to other analogues:

• infrared sensor is a passive device that doesn't emit anything, therefore does not harm humans or animals;
• such devices have additional adjustments, both the angle of the coverage area and the response threshold;
• such devices can be used both indoors and outdoors;
• the price of IR sensors is affordable to a wide range of consumers.

But like others electrical devices IR sensors have a number of disadvantages:

• due to thermal radiation from heating devices, false sensor alarms may occur;
• the device can function normally only in a certain temperature range;
• objects that have a coating that does not conduct infrared rays will not be detected by the sensor.

Infrared motion control devices for turning on lights are optimal choice to control lighting devices from the existing variety of similar devices.

Features of technical characteristics of devices

The motion control sensor is divided into two-pole and three-pole devices. At the same time, the first work only with incandescent lamp and have a sequential circuit for connecting light sources. In turn, the three-pole model is universal and can be used with any types of electric lamps.

All motion sensors can be distributed across the device’s coverage area. Simply put, the device will operate correctly at a certain distance from an advancing object. Depending on the design features device, the stable response distance can range from 2 to 15 meters.

Another important characteristic of such devices is the angle of detection of objects in horizontal plane. In most cases this parameter depends on the sensor model and can vary from 60 to 360 degrees. In turn, vertically such a device operates in the range of 15-20 degrees.

A very important indicator of motion detection devices is the power of the load connected to the device. If the total power indicators exceed the permissible sensor indicators, then you will need to install an intermediate relay or distribute the load between two devices.

If you need to connect fluorescent or energy-saving lamps, then you need to take into account the reactive power indicators of such light sources. In most cases, reactive power should be 2 times less than active power than specified in the documentation for the sensor.

It is very important that the motion control sensor does not turn off at the same moment when the object leaves its coverage area. The wide range of light-off delays is primarily due to the fact that a person often needs to walk a distance in the light that is greater than the sensor's coverage area. Very often, such a delay is used in devices installed in entrances and staircases.

Regarding the parameters electrical supply device is a standard network alternating current. At the same time the sensor consumes only 1 W of power, which is very economical. A modern motion sensor for controlling the switching on of lights can assess the degree of illumination outdoors or indoors using sensor devices. This is necessary to prevent the sensor from triggering when it is light outside. According to the design features of the device, all motion sensors for turning on lighting devices are divided into the following types:

• external - installation of which is carried out using special brackets with a wall corner or rotary structure;
• built-in - installation of which takes place in special boxes for light switches or in the ceiling under the lighting device in a hole specially equipped for this purpose.

Often, sensors are made in such a way that they cannot be distinguished from a standard lamp or are combined with a regular switch, which allows them to perform several functions at once - tracking the movement of objects and controlling the lighting in the room, which is very convenient.

According to the conditions in which the device will be used, all motion sensors can be divided into street sensors with an increased degree of protection and those used indoors. At the same time, if outdoor structure can be installed indoors, then the sensor intended for indoor use will not withstand the effects of natural factors and will simply fail.

Before installing such a tracking device you need to clearly divide the room into zones, where the sensors will be mounted. To do this, a radiation pattern of the device is drawn up, which allows for the lighting to be constantly on while a person moves around the room. When drawing up a plan for the placement of traffic control devices, it is important to adhere to certain rules.

1. Traffic control systems should not be exposed to direct light from lighting fixtures.
2. Within the device's coverage area The presence of glass partitions is unacceptable, since IR rays are reflected from it.
3. There should be no bulky objects in the operating area of ​​the tracking device that would significantly impede visibility.
4. The heating system or air conditioning also interferes with the operation of the motion sensor, as it reacts to warm air flows from any devices.
5. In buildings with large area rationally install ceiling fixtures, which have a circular coverage area. In this case, the device itself must be placed exactly in the geometric center of the room.

Using motion sensors to control lighting makes it possible not only to save electricity, but also to improve the comfort of using lighting fixtures. Among the variety of devices for recording the movement of objects, only IR sensors are suitable for controlling illumination. Such devices can be used in any room or outdoors, and their installation is not particularly difficult and can be done with your own hands.

According to experts, the use of motion sensors (MS) allows you to save up to 30% of electricity, while if the devices are equipped with photo relays, the savings reach an unrealistic 58%. If the indicators are truly reliable, then choosing a special detector for the lighting system is an appropriate solution. In this article we will figure out how to choose a motion sensor to turn on the light and which manufacturers are the best in price and quality.

Criterias of choice

So, there are several rules, using which you can choose the right motion sensor. Let's look at what experts advise:

1. Decide on installation location. For the street, it is recommended to choose a detector with at least 55, preferably 65. If the device is installed under a canopy, you can choose a model with an IP44 index. When choosing a motion sensor to turn on lighting in a room (house, apartment or garage), the degree of protection may be less, provided that there is no high humidity and dust.
2. We take into account possible obstacles. Let's move away from the topic a little and talk about the types of detectors. There are devices that respond to thermal radiation (infrared). They turn on the light when they detect any moving objects, including animals. The second type of product is sound or, as they are also called, acoustic (triggered when noise occurs). The next type of DD is microwave. They emit waves that can pass through obstacles to detect movement. Well, the last ones are combined devices that combine several methods of response. So, in apartments, in the country, and in private houses, we recommend using IR sensors or combined option infrared radiation with ultrasonic. For security the best solution will be used microwave models, which react even through small obstacles (for example, a partition). Such devices have found application in garages, warehouses and, in general, in alarm systems.
   
3. Deciding on the viewing angle. If you can enter a room from several sides (for example, 2-3 doors in a corridor or entrance), then it is better to choose a motion sensor with a 360-degree viewing angle (ceiling-mounted). If you need to turn on the light when passing through one specific area, then it is enough to select a detector with a viewing angle of 180 degrees and point it at desired zone detection.
   
4. We take into account the power of lamps. It is equally important to choose the right DD power. This is quite simple to do - we find out the power of a chandelier in the room, or, for example, an LED spotlight on the street and select the power of the detector with a small margin.
   
5. Determining the range of action. Also, when choosing a motion sensor, you need to consider the maximum distance to which it can respond. Typically, the detection radius ranges from 6 to 50 meters. Accordingly, for small rooms in an apartment or house, you can select the minimum radius (in the toilet, kitchen, hallway, bathroom), but to turn it on, you need to decide on the radius of action and, based on this, select the appropriate parameter.
   
6. Availability of photo relay. IN Lately Most DDs are additionally equipped with light detectors, which allow even more. The operation scheme in this case is as follows: the light turns on only if the illumination level is below the specified settings. This is logical, because there is no point in turning on the lighting during the day.
   
7. . Another one useful feature, which we recommend paying attention to. If you have pets, for example, a small dog in the yard, then it is better to choose a motion sensor with animal protection. Otherwise, turning on the light will be triggered by your pets, which is not very convenient and economical.
   

These are all the tips you should consider when choosing a device. Another important point– manufacturer of detectors, because The durability and correct operation of the product depends on it. If you don’t know which motion sensor is best to choose, we recommend choosing products from companies such as Theben, Rev Ritter, Orbis and Camelion. In the latter case, the manufacturer is Chinese, but, nevertheless, it is optimal in terms of price and quality. WITH suitable model you can figure it out if you consider our 7 tips provided above.

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Motion sensors were developed for security purposes. They made it possible to quickly obtain information about unauthorized access to the territory. Later, the scope of application expanded, they began to be used for industrial and domestic purposes.

The use of devices allows you to save energy and increase the level of comfort in residential and industrial premises.

Scheme of work

There are several types of devices that differ in sensitivity. The operating principle of the motion sensor depends on its parameters:

Infrared (passive) equipment is triggered by the appearance of a heat source. For optimal operation, configuration and selection of the appropriate mode is necessary.

At the minimum permissible settings, the sensor begins to respond to pets, at the maximum settings it is set to adults, but does not respond to the appearance of a child. Most models must be configured manually.

The ultrasonic detector operates in active mode. It detects the reflection of a high-frequency signal from objects falling within the viewing area. Their movement and the appearance of a new object changes the characteristics of the reflected signals, triggering occurs. It works continuously, scanning a specific area.

At set intervals, the device sends a signal and reacts to its reflection. It costs several times more than infrared models, is reliable in operation, and is used for security.

Microwave sensors continuously scan the controlled area, acting like a radar. This technique reacts to any movement. More expensive than other types of devices, so it is not widely used in everyday life.

Combined devices contain several types of sensors at once, which will allow you to accurately detect and respond to any object within the coverage area. Most often, infrared and ultrasonic devices are combined and are expensive.

How to choose the best option

Which motion sensor to choose to turn on the light depends on the location of its intended installation and design features. There are models available for indoor and outdoor use.

If you need to automatically turn on the light automatically when you open the door, then microwave or ultrasonic sensors are suitable. Infrared doors do not respond to movement; they will only react when a person appears in the viewing area.

Ceiling and wall devices differ in viewing angle. In the first case, 360% of the space is covered, in the second, up to 240%, the most simple models have a viewing angle of only 90%.

Outdoor motion sensors are designed taking into account their functioning in complex climatic conditions. Room sensors are not designed to operate in conditions high humidity, sudden changes in temperature.

Installation

All products come with a motion sensor connection diagram, so you can configure and install the device yourself. The location is selected in such a way that it does not trigger any extraneous signals.

Outdoor devices are suitable for monitoring a given perimeter. The response radius is up to 500 meters, which allows them to be used for local areas. Internal sensors are used in apartments and entrances.

• choose permanent place so that you don’t have to move the device later;
• installed next to the sensor regular switch for manually turning off the light if necessary;
• to avoid accidentally damaging the device, it is better to install it slightly deeper into the wall;
• Sun rays can disrupt the operation of the sensor, so the sensor must be placed in a place where they do not reach.

The principle of operation is similar to the mechanism for connecting contacts in an ordinary switch, only in this case the relay serves as an actuator.

The temporary diagram from the technical data sheet will help you check the correct connection. Failure to operate the device means errors made during installation.

Upon completion of work, it is necessary to adjust the sensor, setting the optimal time for operation. The installation of complex, expensive devices should be entrusted to professionals.

Before purchasing a device, it is advisable to look at photos of motion sensors to turn on the lights. This will allow you to select a model with optimal external characteristics, design, viewing sector, operating principle.

The devices are compact and easy to install. They are suitable for private and apartment buildings, sometimes installed on the facade of stores.

In addition to their main purpose, they play the role of alarms, triggering when people approach the territory covered by the viewing sector.

Photo of motion sensors to turn on the lights

Initially, motion tracking systems were intended to protect territories and important objects. Motion sensors are now widely used to turn on lights. This electronic device allows you to save up to 85 percent of electricity. Let's consider the basic principles of operation of the device, its types and installation procedure.

The sensor will not only help turn on the lights, but also warn about unwanted guests

The tracking device monitors the area covered by the viewing sector. The territory is limited not only by the angle of action of the device, but also by the range of the sensor.

Note! For efficient work the sensor is located in a place that provides maximum visibility.

How the sensor works

The device records the level of infrared radiation. If an object with the temperature of a living creature appears in its field of responsibility, the device receives several impulses that affect the circuit and turn on the lighting. As soon as the pulses stop coming, the circuit breaks and the power goes out.

Below is a sample motion sensor circuit for lighting.

Advantages and disadvantages of using sensors

Thanks to an indoor or outdoor light sensor to turn on the light, there is no need to frantically search in pitch darkness or for keys in a bag.

Types of motion tracking devices

Motion sensors can be divided into two categories:

• installation location: external and internal devices;
• alarm type: ultrasonic, infrared, microwave, combined.

External sensors monitor a given perimeter and are intended mainly for large adjoining spaces and outbuildings. Their response radius reaches five hundred meters.

Related article:

Installing this device will allow you to automate lighting depending on the time of day. How does such a device work and how does it work? More details in a special publication.

Helpful information! Thanks to street sensors movement to protect the perimeter will not require any special alarms. They will work as soon as an outsider approaches the protected area. An attacker will not risk intruding into the illuminated area.

Indoor sensors are designed to work indoors. They are not resistant to sudden change temperature and active exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Ultrasound devices

The operating principle of such a product is based on the reflection of ultrasonic waves from the surfaces of objects. This one is not difficult process, named after the Austrian physicist Doppler, makes it easy to calculate moving objects by changing the pulse frequency. Such a sensor uses a device that generates ultrasound, inaudible to the human ear.

If there is any movement within the range of the device, ultrasonic waves change their frequency, which is recorded by the sensor.

Helpful information! In addition to lighting systems, such devices are widely used in automatic devices"parking sensors".

Advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonic motion sensors for turning on lights.

Infrared devices

Their work is based on measuring the ambient temperature. When high-temperature objects enter the sensor's operating range, it reacts by turning on the light.

Infrared radiation from the human body, through a set of lenses and special mirrors, affects the sensor that activates the lighting system.

Helpful information! The sensitivity of the device depends on the number of lenses; there are up to thirty pairs of them in one device.

Advantages and disadvantages of such devices.

Microwave sensors

Microwave devices act like radars. The device sends a signal and receives its reflection.

A microwave device emits a high frequency wave. The slightest deviation in the returned signal causes chain reaction turning on the light.

Advantages and disadvantages of microwave sensors.

Combined instruments

Combined motion sensors for turning on lights combine two or three types of sensors at once. Tracking is carried out in parallel and very accurately detects an object in the coverage area. There are no other disadvantages to such devices other than their cost. The most common sensors on sale are those that combine infrared and ultrasonic devices.

Manufacturers and prices

In motion devices, the price is directly related to the quality and performance of the device. The more expensive the device, the larger the area it can cover. Among the popular brands it is worth noting devices from the following companies:

• Camelion;
• Theben;
• Ultralight.

The cost of sensors starts from 400 rubles and reaches several thousand. The most rated among budget models according to Yandex.market.

Image	Model	Viewing angle, degrees	Range, meters	Average price, rubles
	Camelion LX-39/Wh	180	12	558
	Rev 3	180	12	590
	Feron SEN30 (hand motion sensor)	30	5-8	759
	PIR16A	180	12	505
	IEK LDD12-029-600-001	120	9	508
	Elektrostandard SNS M 02	180-360	6	512
	TDM SQ0324-0014	120	12	519

Pro Tips: How to Connect a Motion Sensor for Lighting

You can install and configure the product yourself. When purchasing, you need to check the availability of instructional material and follow its advice.

Note! The tracking device must be mounted in a place where it cannot be triggered by extraneous signals.

• It is important to know that the sensitive device does not like to be moved frequently, so you need to carefully consider its location.
• In the room, in parallel with the sensor, you need to install a regular switch so that, if necessary, you can turn off the lighting manually.
• In order to prevent accidental damage to the device, it can be recessed into the wall by cutting a corresponding hole in the drywall.

• It is important to ensure that the tracking device is not exposed to sunlight, as it will disrupt the operation of the sensor.

Motion sensors for turning on lights: installation diagrams

The device can be installed in several ways:

Checking, setting and adjusting

To check the correct connection, a temporary circuit is used; you need to connect it following the instructions in technical passport products. If the device does not work, it means that errors were made during installation.

Complex devices can be tested as follows:

• assemble a temporary connection diagram;
• set the light control to maximum;
• set the timer to minimum.

If led indicator lights up when the object moves, the device is working. Instead of an indicator, a relay can be installed that will start clicking when motion is detected.

After installing the sensor, it must be adjusted. The timer operation time can be set from a few seconds to a quarter of an hour. Adjusting the sensitivity of the sensor is a complex process, the main task of which is to prevent the device from triggering the appearance of pets.

How to connect a motion sensor (video)

Results

Home touch sensors will allow you to significantly save on lighting. The device will turn on the light in the hallway, kitchen, bathroom, on the threshold of the house when a person appears and turn it off if there is no movement.

The cost of the simplest sensors starts from 400 rubles. You can install such sensors yourself. Installation of more complex and expensive devices It's better to leave it to professionals.