Indoor flowers euonymus. Euonymus: planting and care, reproduction and properties. Optimal microclimate for the plant

Bush Euonymus (lat. Euonymus) represents a genus of low evergreen and deciduous woody plants family Euonymus, which includes more than two hundred species. In nature, euonymus is distributed in Europe, Asia, Australia and America - throughout the Northern Hemisphere, preferring valleys, floodplains and undergrowth of mixed forests. The Latin name euonymus translates roughly as “tree with good name"or "glorious tree." Among the Slavs, euonymus has many names: night blindness, lady's eyes, bruslina, burusklen, mersklet, kislyanka, dereskled, lingonberry, heather, privet, wolf's bast, wolf's earrings, saklak and blind-cured. Many types of euonymus are cultivated as ornamental plants, in particular euonymus is used for decoration in landscape design outbuildings or fences. A hedge made of euonymus looks picturesque in the garden, and it attracts the eye both in summer and autumn. The species Warty Euonymus and European Euonymus are of practical importance, since it was in their bark and stems that gutta-percha was discovered.

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Planting and caring for euonymus (in brief)

• Landing: in early spring or at the time of leaf fall.
• Lighting: variegated species need bright light, while plants with plain leaves prefer partial shade.
• The soil: light, drained, fertile, neutral or slightly alkaline reaction.
• Watering: as needed: in a season with normal rainfall, the plant is not watered at all.
• Feeding: complex mineral fertilizer in early spring and autumn.
• Trimming: in early spring or after fruiting, for sanitary purposes, as well as to give the crown an ellipsoidal or conical shape.
• Reproduction: seeds and vegetatively: dividing the bush, cuttings and layering.
• Pests: caterpillars, spider mites, aphids and mealybugs.
• Diseases: trunk rot and powdery mildew.

Read more about growing euonymus below.

Euonymus plant - description

The euonymus flower has shoots of a tetrahedral or round cross-section, on which cork growths sometimes form. In nature, some types of euonymus reach a height of 4 meters. Euonymus leaves are simple, opposite, shiny, jagged, dark green in color, but some varieties are distinguished by cream, white or silvery spots in the center or on the edges of the leaf blade. Euonymus blooms with inconspicuous yellow-greenish, cream or burgundy flowers that produce bad smell and collected 4-5 pieces into brushes or scutes. The fruit of the euonymus is a dry, leathery, four- to five-locular capsule with seeds, spiny or winged, which, depending on the type, acquires a pink, scarlet, crimson, burgundy, yellow or dark purple color when ripe. The stems of the euonymus are also painted in bright colors. Euonymus fruits, like all other parts of the plant, are poisonous.

Planting euonymus

When to plant euonymus

The best time for planting euonymus is the beginning of spring, although autumn planting of euonymus is also acceptable. It is good if the site for the euonymus is in light partial shade, although the variegated euonymus prefers bright sunlight. The soil for euonymus should be light, fertile, permeable and, preferably, slightly alkaline or neutral. Acidic soil Before planting, plants need to be limed. In addition, euonymus does not like high lying groundwater. When choosing a site for euonymus, keep in mind that it grows greatly in width, and some species grow in height, so do not plant the plant too close to trees and maintain sufficient distance between bushes and buildings. It is better to plant dwarf species of euonymus in large boxes or pots, keep them in the garden in the summer, and bring them into a cool room for the winter. Thus, the same plant can be considered both as a garden euonymus and as an indoor euonymus.

How to plant euonymus

The planting hole for euonymus, dug at least two weeks before planting, should be one and a half times larger in volume than root system seedling. Mix the top layer of soil removed from the hole with compost. At the bottom of the hole, as drainage, add a layer of sand or broken brick, then a little soil with compost, and if the soil in the area is acidic, then in each landing hole you need to add 200 g of slaked lime, mixing it with compost and soil. Lower the euonymus seedling into the hole, carefully straighten its roots and fill the hole with the same mixture - soil with compost, compacting it as the space is filled so that air pockets do not form. The root collar of the seedling should be flush with the surface of the site. If you decide to plant euonymus seedlings for a hedge, it is better to dig a trench for this. Immediately after planting, water the euonymus and do this daily for a week.

Euonymus care

Watering the euonymus is carried out as needed. To make caring for euonymus in the garden easier, mulch trunk circle dry soil immediately after watering. Subsequently, loosen the soil in the tree trunk circle a day or two after watering at least three times a season. But if it rains regularly, do not water the euonymus at all - in large quantities he doesn't need water, but excess moisture in the roots only to his detriment. Caring for euonymus involves feeding the plant twice a day during the spring-summer season with mineral fertilizers: the first time in the spring, the second time in the fall.

Pruning euonymus

The euonymus loves a haircut, it reacts to it with active branching, so there is no need to be afraid to trim the euonymus. Due to the fact that most euonymus fruits are decorations, formative trimming of the euonymus is carried out either in early spring or after fruiting; during the growing season, only partial sanitary thinning, removal of weak shoots and pinching of the tops can be used. Using pruning, the crown of the euonymus is formed - conical or ellipsoidal. Many people prefer to form a standard tree from euonymus.

Pests and diseases of euonymus

The main pests of euonymus are aphids, mealybugs, spider mites and caterpillars. Spider mites and aphids feed on euonymus sap, leaving light, silvery puncture points on the leaves, causing the leaves and young shoots to become deformed. The fight against these pests is carried out using three times weekly treatment of euonymus with Actellik solution at the rate of 1-2 ml of the drug per liter of water. Mealybugs, which form cotton wool-like deposits and honeydew on euonymus leaves, are destroyed by two-stage treatment of the plant with Aktara, Confidor, Fitoverm with a break of a week or ten days.

As for caterpillars, if you notice their nests on the euonymus, it is better to remove them manually. By the way, pay attention: if caterpillars were found on the euonymus, then on the neighboring apple trees and other fruit trees purely! It seems that the euonymus lures pests to itself in order to save your harvest.

Among the diseases, euonymus can be affected by powdery mildew and trunk rot. Trunk rot - serious fungal disease, which is difficult to treat, it is easier to play it safe and carry out spring and autumn preventive treatment of euonymus with a one percent Bordeaux mixture or drugs that replace it. Affected areas of the plant must be removed and burned, and if the damage is too severe, the entire plant will have to be burned. A fungal disease is also such a common disease as powdery mildew, and it is combated with fungicides Fundazol, Topaz, Skor or Previkur, and there should be 3-4 treatment sessions at intervals of a week.

Euonymus propagation

How to propagate euonymus

Euonymus propagates by seeds, layering, dividing the bush and cuttings. Varieties with variegated, red and yellow leaves reproduce exclusively vegetatively.

Reproduction of euonymus by layering

In spring, low-growing shoots of the mother plant are bent to the ground, placed in a groove previously made in the soil, secured in it and sprinkled with soil, leaving only the tip of the shoot on the surface. Such cuttings easily form their own roots, and after rooting they can be transplanted to a permanent place.

Propagation of euonymus by cuttings

Euonymus cuttings are cut from the tops of semi-lignified shoots in June or July from plants no younger than five years old. The length of the cutting is about 7 cm, it should have one internode. The cut of the cutting is treated with a root former, planted in a mixture of peat and sand and kept under a film in a cool, bright place. After one and a half to two months, the rooted cuttings are planted in open ground on a training bed and grown.

Reproduction of euonymus by root suckers

Strong root shoots no more than 40-50 cm high are separated from the mother plant in early spring, as soon as the soil warms up. The thickness of the root of the scion should be at least one and a half centimeters, and the length 25-30 cm. Without shaking off the soil from the roots, the scion should be immediately transplanted to a permanent place or grown to the desired size.

Reproduction of euonymus by dividing the bush

This method is convenient for propagating dwarf varieties, since their root system is shallow and produces fresh root shoots every year. Carefully cut off the root shoots along with part of the rhizome from the mother plant with a shovel, cut the shoots by 2/3 and plant them in a permanent place. The euonymus tolerates this procedure easily and painlessly.

Reproduction of euonymus by seeds

It is better to sow freshly collected euonymus seeds directly into the soil in the fall, then mulch the planting for the winter with leaves or straw. If you decide to sow euonymus in the spring, stratify the seeds for six months in the refrigerator, but before that, soak them in water for a couple of days.

Euonymus in winter

Euonymus in autumn

We hope that planting and caring for euonymus during the growing season did not seem tedious to you. It is easy to care for the plant even before the onset of winter. When the seed pods begin to crack, it is time to collect the seeds. Immediately after collection, euonymus seeds are planted in moistened soil, having first removed the seed plants and treated the seed with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. Crops are covered with straw or dry fallen leaves for the winter.

Wintering of euonymus

Young plants that are under three years old must be covered with spruce branches or dry leaves for the winter, otherwise they may die. Adult bushes overwinter without shelter, but to prevent the roots from freezing in a snowless winter, it would be wise to mulch the tree trunk with sawdust or leaves.

Types and varieties of euonymus

There are many types of euonymus in nature, and there are many of them in culture. We offer you an introduction to cultivated species of euonymus, as well as their varieties. Let's start with the types that have already been mentioned in this article.

Euonymus verrucosa (Euonymus verrucosa)

distributed in nature in the European part of Russia, in the mountains of Southern, South-Eastern and Central Europe. It is a shrub up to two meters high or a tree five to six meters high with bright green shoots and branches strewn with black warts. Light green leaves, brownish flowers, fruits Pink colour with red-brown aneurysms. In autumn, this species is especially attractive: the leaves turn pink on the bright green shoots. Euonymus warty grows slowly, it is shade-tolerant and unpretentious, and is often used in ornamental gardening.

European Euonymus (Euonymus europaea)

grows in Europe and Asia Minor on any soil in deciduous forests and high on slopes. It is a small tree up to six meters high, most often growing as a bush. Young shoots of this species are green, sometimes with longitudinal corky growths, and old branches are almost black. The ovate or obovate leathery leaf of the European euonymus, up to 11 cm long, has a dark green color, and in the fall it acquires a red tint. The fruits are pink or dark red when ripe, the seed is covered with an orange apex. This species is drought-resistant, winter-hardy, and tolerates urban gas pollution well. The European euonymus in the garden stands out against the background of the usual yellow-golden color of other plants in autumn. More than 20 decorative forms of this species are known, characterized by less winter hardiness: weeping, dwarf, aucubifolia, intermediate, purple, silver-spotted and others.

Winged euonymus (Euonymus alata)

grows in groups or singly on rocks, in river valleys and along mountain streams, as well as in shady deciduous forests of China, Japan, Korea and Southern Sakhalin. It is a highly branched shrub up to 2.5 meters high or a tree up to 4 m high with tetrahedral branches with light-colored bark. gray, shiny obovate or rhombic leathery leaves of dark green color and small greenish flowers, collected three in an inflorescence. Ripe boxes are bright red. The species has about 20 forms and varieties. The most famous of them:

• Compactus- a small shrub, not exceeding two meters in width and height, with a compact dome-shaped crown and inconspicuous flowers. The leaves are oval, light green, changing color to bright red in autumn, the fruits are red, the pericarps are orange. Winter-hardy, but sensitive to drought and overheating.

Fortune's euonymus (Euonymus fortunei)

Found naturally in China, it has earned extraordinary popularity among gardeners and is now grown even in fairly cool areas. This species is not at all the same as those already described by us; planting and caring for Fortune's euonymus differs from the agrotechnical conditions of most euonymuses. The fact is that Fortune's euonymus is not an upright growing one, but a creeping shrub, which is one of the few evergreen plants that can grow in middle lane: In winter it is completely covered with snow, and this provides it with shelter from frost. The leaves of representatives of this species are leathery, elliptical and shiny, up to 4 cm long, with uneven, slightly curved edges. Numerous decorative forms of this species differ in leaf color. Fortune's euonymus forms reproduce only vegetatively. Here are some of the varieties:

• Gracilis- a ground cover plant with shoots reaching a length of one and a half meters, and yellowish leaves, which over time turn white at the edges and turn red in the middle;
• Vegetus- a plant with thick shoots and large round leaves and light yellow shiny fruits;
• Emerald Gold- an evergreen, slowly growing shrub up to half a meter high, and capable of growing up to one and a half meters wide. The leaves are variegated, yellowish, up to 5 cm long, covered with irregular patches along the edges. yellow spots and streaks, and in the fall they acquire a red color.

Caring for Fortune's euonymus, like caring for any type of euonymus, involves loosening and mulching the soil, cutting, but in addition to weak and diseased shoots, it is necessary to remove shoots that are too green, those that differ from the shoots characteristic of this species and variety.

Japanese euonymus (Euonymus japonica), or pseudolaurel

- the only species grown both indoors and as garden plant. Under natural conditions, Japanese euonymus, which is a close relative of Fortune's euonymus, grows up to seven meters in height. Its branches extend from the trunk at a slight angle, as if it is all striving upward. The leaves of the Japanese euonymus are large, dense, pointed and leathery, uneven at the edges, dark green with a light border. The peculiarity of this species is that it needs certain conditions to grow, and if they are not created, then, having started to grow in early spring, it will then simply freeze. If the conditions are suitable for the euonymus, then in a year it adds 15-20 cm in height. The most famous forms of Japanese euonymus:

• Mediopictus– a variety with golden leaves and green edges;
• Latifolius Albomarginatus– a variety with green leaves with a wide white rim;
• Macrophylla– a variety with large leaves up to 7 cm long;
• Aureo-marginata– leaves with a golden border;
• Pyramidata– a pyramidal bush with wide elliptical leaves;
• Microphyllus– a variegated form up to half a meter high, no more than 15 cm in diameter, with yellow-green raised leaves and white flowers.

Caring for Japanese euonymus is not much different from caring for indoor plants in winter and garden plants in spring and summer. This plant is one of those that is best grown in large boxes or pots, and in winter brought into a cool room in which the Japanese euonymus will wait for spring, since it is not able to tolerate temperatures below 5 ºC.

In addition to the described species, large-winged, dwarf, red-fruited, Koopman, Maak, Maksimovich, Sakhalin, sacred, broad-leaved and others are also grown in culture.

In spring and summer, variegated green and in autumn fiery bright euonymus bushes can increasingly be seen on our personal plots. They create a hedge from it, plant it on alpine roller coaster and as a free-standing tree. This ornamental plant gives the garden a unique look, and not only gardeners love it. Evergreen varieties of euonymus are successfully grown at home. Its hard and dense spotted leaves serve as a background for flowering plants. Single euonymus look great. They lend themselves well to shaping. Therefore, indoor bonsai are often grown from euonymus. Planting and caring for this plant at home is not difficult, but if not properly maintained, the euonymus can show its character.

Appearance of euonymus and its life in nature

The Euonymus family includes about two hundred plants. They can be seen in almost every corner globe, excluding the far north. Wild representatives of euonymus have inhabited forests in temperate and subtropical climates; some, but a minority, have settled in the tropics. There are 20 varieties growing in Russia.

In Latin, euonymus is called Euonymus, which means “glorious name.” Due to the similarity of the leaves to laurel trees, the plant is also called pseudolaurel. And the name euonymus has Slavic roots. Our ancestors gave the plant many nicknames, here are some: brusklet, heather, privet, as well as wolf's bast and wolf's earrings. Associations with the image of a wolf did not appear by chance. Euonymus thickets form a dense undergrowth, the very thicket where predators are found.

Euonymus is a plant that is evergreen or loses its leaves in the fall. It can be an upright or creeping branched shrub, miniature or large, a tree of about 5 meters. Adult shoots of euonymus are covered with bark and sometimes with wart-like growths. Section of branches different types It is very different, in addition to the usual one - round, there is a tetrahedral one.

Euonymus foliage is harsh, leathery, glossy, egg-shaped, size varies from 2 to 5 cm. Color from dark green to pale. In gardening and floriculture, forms with colored foliage are common. Spots and streaks of whitish, yellow or cream color are scattered across the sheet.

The euonymus that lives at home blooms extremely rarely. And bushes and trees growing in the wild usually bloom in May. This does not make the plant any more beautiful.

Small inflorescences, whitish or yellow-green, are collected in drooping clusters and often have an unpleasant smell. And the fruits of the euonymus, which ripen in early autumn, are very attractive.

Incredibly shaped colorful boxes hang on thin peduncles. They can be scarlet, purple, burgundy-violet in color, with wings or spikes. But this appearance is deceptive - the fruits of the euonymus are poisonous, like all parts of the plant.

Euonymus is a flexible, patient and undemanding plant. It tolerates even the most spartan conditions and is good at pruning and shaping. Thanks to this, original bonsai are grown from euonymus. If you prune and shape the cuttings correctly, you will get a stocky mini-tree with a fluffy and variegated crown.

Remember: euonymus poisonous plant, it should not be placed in rooms where there are children and pets. The highest concentration of substances hazardous to health is in the fruits of the plant. Don't try them. 35 fruits is a lethal dose for an adult. Poisoning is manifested by weakness, vomiting, convulsions, and cardiac arrhythmia. With very severe damage, paralysis occurs and death is possible. When working with euonymus, follow safety precautions. Wear gloves and safety glasses when pruning. If juice gets on mucous membranes, rinse them with plenty of water.

There are many legends and traditions about the euonymus. One of them says that a poisonous euonymus was grown by an evil witch as a punishment for people. But later she repented and endowed him with medicinal properties. Then the witch turned into a feathered robin, for which the fruits of the euonymus are harmless. By eating them, the robin helps new bushes grow.

Varieties and varieties of euonymus

Evergreen euonymus is most often grown as a houseplant: Japanese and rooting (fortuna) - and less often deciduous species: European and winged. Forms that shed their leaves become red-yellow in the fall, like street trees. They lose their leaves and wake up again in the spring. Evergreen euonymus can also lose leaves, but this is not the norm, but the result of improper care.

• Japanese euonymus, in addition to the Land of the Rising Sun, is common in Korea and China. This heat-loving plant does not tolerate severe frosts. In northern countries, including Russia, it is grown only at home and in greenhouse conditions. This is a compact, well-leafed shrub. The leaves are up to 8 cm long, in the shape of an elongated oval, with small serrations along the edge. There are varieties that are evenly colored and variegated. In clusters of inflorescences there are two to three dozen tiny (1 cm each) greenish-yellow flowers. Fruit pods are orange or pink. The most popular varieties of Japanese euonymus: mediopictus - a shrub with yellow-golden leaves with a green edge; Latifolius albumarginatus - euonymus with green foliage decorated with a patterned white border; microphylla - miniature (up to half a meter) shrub with small (2–2.5 cm) white and green leaves; aureo-marginata - a variety with bright green leaves with a golden edge.
• Rooting euonymus (fortune) is an evergreen creeping shrub, never taller than 60 cm. At the same time, the length of the branches reaches 3 meters. Its homeland is China, the plant can also be seen in the Crimea and Transcaucasia. The leaves of this euonymus are small (2–6 cm), dense, rich Green colour. They are small, pointed, egg-shaped. The plant is frost-resistant, it is also grown in open ground, and in room conditions. Varieties of fortune euonymus differ in the color of their leaves. Gracilis is a variety with leaves of a creamy-yellow hue, with age they become white along the edges and red in the middle. Vegetus is a creeping bush with thick stems, large rounded leaves and yellow fruits. Emerald Gold is a bush with branches about one and a half meters. The foliage is small, creamy in color, painted with bright yellow spots along the edges, and turns red in the fall.
• Dwarf euonymus is an evergreen, upright growing shrub. Grows up to a meter. Hard, narrow leaves with a sharp tip and slightly curved edges. This euonymus is often shaped as a bonsai. In nature, it is common in the mountains of the Caucasus, Moldova, China and Romania.
• Euonymus warty, or few-flowered, grows in Western Europe and central Russia. This is a two-meter shrub or tree. Its greenish bark is equipped with wart-like growths. The foliage is light green, the flowers are brownish, the fruits are pink-red. In autumn the leaves become pink tint. Euonymus warty is grown as a garden ornamental plant.
• The European euonymus is native to mountainous Asia Minor. This is a bushy tree no taller than 6 meters. Green young shoots have longitudinal corky growths, and adult branches are almost black. The leaves are leathery, large, and turn red in autumn. Ripe fruits are dark pink and orange. The species easily tolerates drought, frost and polluted air. There are over two dozen decorative forms of this species, including weeping euonymus, aucubifolia, purple, and silver-spotted.
• The winged euonymus settles on rocks and in mixed forests of the Far East, Sakhalin, Japan and Korea. The branched shrub grows up to 2 meters, the tree is about 4 m. The branches are tetrahedral, the leaves look like a diamond, the fruits are scarlet. There are about 20 forms and varieties. The most common is compactus. This is a compact, dome-shaped bush. The leaves are soft green in summer and turn red in autumn. The plant is winter-hardy, but does not tolerate drought and heat.

The bark and roots of Euonymus verrucosa and Euonymus contain gutta-percha. This substance is similar to rubber. It is used as an insulating material in electrical and radio devices, in chemical and shoe production and in dentistry. A special charcoal called fusain is made from the stems of euonymus; artists use it to draw sketches.

Varieties and varieties of euonymus in the photo: Japanese, European, Fortune and others

Euonymus japonica aureo marginata
Euonymus warty
Euonymus rooting vegetus
European euonymus
Euonymus winged
Euonymus japonica latifolius albumarginatus
Euonymus japonica mediopictus
Euonymus japonica microphylla
Euonymus rooting (fortune)
Euonymus rooting (fortuna)Emerald Gold
Japanese euonymus

What does euonymus need?

Euonymus - no tender plant tropics, but a harsh inhabitant of temperate climates. Therefore, in winter, too warm air is harmful to it, and it is not very demanding of humidity. Some forms in nature are accustomed to limited lighting; there is not enough sun in the undergrowth. Single-color indoor euonymuses happily turn green even in partial shade. But the more whimsical variegated varieties will need a lot of light to preserve their color.

Table: principles of plant care at home

Rooting euonymus (fortune) in regions with a relatively warm climate is used in winter for landscaping glazed balconies. The plant spends the summer in the garden, and at the end of autumn it is placed on the balcony. The temperature should not fall below -5 degrees. In order for the euonymus to comfortably overwinter, its roots are insulated. You need to lay foam plastic under the container with the plant, and mulch the top with peat or sawdust. And wrap the pot itself with foam rubber, batting or other insulation.

An insulated euonymus can spend the winter on a warm balcony

Pot, soil, planting and replanting

Euonymus is recommended to be replanted annually, at the beginning of the growth period - in the spring. For young bushes, this procedure is mandatory; for adults over 5 years old, it can be carried out after 2–3 years. Euonymus is not capricious in choosing soil. It grows well even in not very nutritious soil; it is more important that it is porous and light.

• Universal soil for indoor plants.
• Sod, humus and leaf soil in a ratio of 2:1:1. Be sure to add coarse sand to the mixture.
• Turf soil, peat and sand in a ratio of 3: 0.5: 0.5.

However, for euonymus from which bonsai are formed, the soil should be more dense and heavy. Some loam should be added to it. This way the root system will be better anchored in a small volume of soil.

Choose a container for planting and transplanting euonymus not deep, but wide. Its roots are located near the surface, without going deep. For large bushes it is better to take ceramic pot, it is more stable and evaporates moisture more actively. If you want the euonymus bush to remain small, limit its growth to the size of the planting container. The more modest the volume of the pot, the slower the plant will develop.

How to transplant euonymus at home

1. Sterilize before planting new pot, rinse with boiling water, heat the drainage and soil substrate. Don't forget about safety precautions when working with euonymus.
2. Place on the bottom drainage layer 2–3 cm. Pour some soil on top and moisten it.
3. Remove the plant from the old pot and carefully, without disturbing the clod of earth with roots, move it to the new one.
4. You can inspect the roots; if there are rotten ones, carefully remove them.
5. Gradually fill the earthen ball with new soil, compacting the void between it and the wall of the pot. During the process, you can shake the container slightly so as not to leave unfilled areas.
6. Water the plant and place it in a slightly shaded place.
7. When the euonymus adapts, move it to bright light. A long stay in the shade is harmful for variegated forms.

Video: fortune euonymus is planted in the garden from a pot, how to distinguish a noble plant from cheap fakes

Or, when planting euonymus, you can abandon the traditional pot and try the original kokedama. This is a newfangled bonsai trend that was invented in Japan. “Coca” means moss and “dama” means a ball, that is, it is a ball-like lump of earth wrapped in moss. Growing a bonsai tree takes years, but making a kokedama requires certain ingredients and two to three hours. Euonymus is a suitable plant for such an experiment.

Video: kokedama from euonymus

How to care for a plant

Euonymus is distinguished by its masculine, stern character. But, like any man, this bush cannot do without careful care. This includes watering and feeding, keeping the crown clean and trimming it. Otherwise, your euonymus will become like a “neglected garden.”

Water and feed

From spring to autumn, euonymus loves to drink plenty of water. He is not too picky, but still prefers more refined drinks to chlorinated tap water. Rain, melt, filtered or at least settled lukewarm water. To determine frequency, monitor the condition of the topsoil. As soon as it dries out, water it.

In the summer heat, the euonymus will be happy to be sprayed, but the water should also be soft and warm. You can even wash the plant under a gentle shower. Do not forget to keep the leaves clean; dusty euonymus not only looks bad, but also develops slowly.

With the arrival of autumn cold weather, water procedures must be stopped. It is enough just to wipe the foliage from dust with a damp cloth from time to time. An exception is euonymus left in warm, hotly heated rooms; they will also suffer from dry air, and spraying will be appropriate.

The euonymus bush must be kept clean

Watering in autumn and winter should be limited. When kept cold, reduce to a minimum. If an euonymus overwinters on a glassed-in balcony, it is practically not watered.

During the active growth of shoots and leaves, in spring and summer, the euonymus will respond well to feeding. You can alternate organic and mineral complexes, adding them to irrigation water every two to three weeks. Any fertilizer for ornamental leafy plants is suitable; euonymus is not very picky. In winter, when he rests in the cool, food should be stopped.

Trimming the euonymus

Usually the bush is pruned at the very end of winter. First of all, thin, elongated branches are removed. To increase bushiness, pinch the tops of the shoots. Thus, they stimulate the awakening of dormant lateral buds. If you want to grow a tree, cut off the lower shoots, leaving a bare stem and a lush “cap” on top.

In summer, pinch shoots regularly to improve branching. In the fall, carry out hygienic pruning. Cut out weak, dried branches, if necessary, update the shape of the crown.

Skilled flower growers form various shapes from the crown of euonymus. It can be given a spherical, cone-shaped or cubic appearance. Plants from which bonsai are grown are pruned according to special rules.

We provide peace

Rest time for euonymus is winter. Deciduous forms, even with indoor growing in the fall they change the color of the foliage, and then completely or partially shed it. Evergreen varieties should retain their leaves. But in excessively dry and warm air, they can also fall off. To stop leaf fall, you need to lower the temperature in the room. You can place the euonymus closer to the window and protect it from the heat by placing an improvised screen on the windowsill. Or, conversely, take it out onto a glassed-in balcony, insulating the pot.

Already in November, watering the plants is gradually reduced, feeding is canceled - during dormancy this is unnecessary. And the euonymus needs bright lighting even in winter.

Maintenance errors - table

Diseases and pests - table

Video: Euonymus grows poorly due to spider mites and poor soil - correcting errors

Euonymus propagation

Homemade euonymus is propagated by cuttings, dividing the bush and seeds. The last method is the longest and most difficult, but sometimes it is the only option. For cuttings and division you need an adult euonymus bush.

Cuttings

In the middle or end of summer, cut semi-lignified cuttings (7 cm each) of euonymus from the tops of the shoots, which are less than 5 years old. There should be one internode on the cutting.

1. Treat the cut of the cutting with a phytohormone (Epin, Zircon or others).
2. Fill the container with a mixture of peat and sand and moisten it.
3. Deepen the cuttings, carefully compact the substrate, leaving no voids.
4. Cover the seedlings with film, a bag or a jar.
5. Place in a bright and cool place.
6. Moisten and ventilate the plantings regularly.
7. Rooting usually lasts 6–7 weeks. When new leaves begin to appear, transplant the cuttings into separate small (7–10 cm) pots with nutritious soil.

Dividing the bush

This method is combined with transplanting euonymus, which is formed in the form of a bush. It is not suitable for tree-like specimens. Take an adult, healthy plant with a developed root system. This will survive the operation without any problems.

1. Carefully remove the plant from the pot, inspect the roots, marking the place of division.
2. Using a sharp, clean knife, separate part of the rhizome with shoots. Sprinkle the cut with crushed coal.
3. Cut off two-thirds of the shoots on the separated plant and plant it in moist soil for euonymus.
4. Keep the separated plant cool and in partial shade until it acclimates.

Seeds

Indoor euonymus can also be grown from seeds purchased or collected from a garden bush. Their germination rate, according to gardeners, is 60–70%.

1. Before sowing, carry out stratification ( cold period). Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth or place them in sand and place them in the refrigerator for three months (at a temperature of 0+3).
2. Remove the seeds from the refrigerator and place them in a bright place; cover the top with film to preserve moisture.
3. Distribute the warmed seeds on a light sterile substrate (peat and sand), sprinkle with a small layer of sand.
4. Spray the plantings with warm water from a spray bottle.
5. Cover the container with film or a transparent lid.
6. The best results will be obtained if you plant the seeds in a greenhouse with bottom heating. For seed development, a constant high temperature of 22–27°C is required.
7. Once every 3-4 days, check the soil moisture, spray when dry, and ventilate the crops.
8. The sprouts hatch in one and a half to two months.
9. When they get stronger and real leaves appear, pick the seedlings into separate cups. Protect young plants from drafts and cold air.

Euonymus has a real masculine character; it does not like greenhouse conditions. In addition, this plant is a protector. It is believed that growing near the house, or better yet in the house itself, euonymus protects its owners from harm. Other folk signs are also associated with the bright euonymus bush. They say that plants with yellow fruits attract money to the house, those with red fruits attract love, and those with orange fruits bring happiness. Whether this is true or fiction can be found out only by taking a closer look at the euonymus.

Euonymus is part of the Euonymus family and is represented by evergreen shrub. As a rule, it is grown in outdoors. For growing euonymus at home, the rooting species and the Japanese variety are excellent. The plant has incredibly attractive fruits from a group of small capsules. The plant is considered unpretentious, therefore caring for euonymus is quite simple, and a novice grower can handle the process of growing it.

Houseplant euonymus - care at home

Lighting

The presented plant is shade-tolerant, but despite this, it is best to place it in a place with good lighting, while protecting it from direct sunlight. sun rays. Leaves may begin to turn yellow if there is insufficient light.

Temperature

Choose a well-ventilated area for growing. Optimal temperature regime should vary within 25 degrees. If the temperature exceeds normal, plant development can slow down significantly. During the wintering period, the plant requires a regime within 6-8 degrees above zero. An interesting fact is that euonymus is considered a frost-resistant plant and can survive even 20 degree frost. If the temperature in the room in winter exceeds 12 degrees, the plant may shed its leaves.

Watering

This process should be abundant with the arrival of spring and summer, but as the top layer of soil dries out. In cool months, watering changes to moderate. It is strictly forbidden to over-moisten the soil. Settled water is excellent for watering.

Air humidity

Euonymus is completely unpretentious to the level of air humidity, but if you provide it with spraying a couple of times every 7 days, it will be able to reciprocate your feelings.

Top dressing

From the beginning of spring until the beginning of autumn, monthly, you need to feed the plant with special mineral fertilizers.

Landing

Neutral or slightly alkaline soil is excellent for this process.

Trimming

As the plant develops, take care to periodically trim weak shoots. Thanks to this process, it is possible to give the plant the desired appearance. During this procedure, be especially careful, because euonymus is a poisonous houseplant.

Transfer

Young specimens of the plant are replanted every spring, adult specimens are replanted every 3-4 annual cycle.

Reproduction

Reproduction of euonymus can be carried out by cuttings, using seeds or layering. In the case of growing euonymus at home, cuttings are preferable. In this case, the development process will be as fast as possible.

Home care

Euonymus does not require special care at home. It can be grown indoors, but only if the variety is selected correctly. You should look for decorative dwarf specimens, who will feel comfortable indoors. Most suitable for home growing Japanese euonymus.

Care after purchase

If you bring home a plant from the store whose roots are in the substrate, it is recommended to replant it immediately. It is a shrub and requires hard good soil. Due to its unpretentiousness, Euonymus does not require special conditions during the adaptation period.

Bloom

The flowering process at home begins in the summer, around the first days of June. The indoor euonymus is distinguished by green-yellow flowers, collected in inflorescences of fifteen to thirty pieces. Flowers of other species can be purple, pink, white and green.

ATTENTION: In other species, in addition to Japanese, the flowering process can begin in early spring.

Crown formation

The crown should be formed constantly. Be sure to remove dried and old parts, so that the bush can please you with a lush crown.

To obtain more volume, it is advisable to carefully remove some young shoots. Pruning can be done in different ways.

If you want a lush bush, form a ball shape, and if you want a high crown, expose the lower part of the trunk.

It is important to note that Euonymus contains poisonous sap that can damage the skin. That's why Pruning must be carried out wearing protective gloves.

Landing

In order to plant Euonymus, you should get a large pot. Before purchasing a planting container, remember that you will need to change it frequently.

Transfer

Before the plant is five years old, it will require replanting annually. Then it can be moved from one container to another every couple of years.

Watering

The most important condition For successful cultivation - a competent watering scheme. It is advisable to use water that has had time to settle. In winter, stagnation of water should not be allowed, but in spring and summer it is advisable to water abundantly.

Although it is difficult to call Euonymus domestica moisture-loving, do not ignore the spraying process, especially during the warm period. This manipulation is suitable for preventing the appearance of pests and diseases.

ATTENTION: this process is good only if boiled or purified water is used, because if you ignore the condition, plaque will appear on the leaves. If you take a warm shower in the summer, do not forget to cover the soil with polyethylene.

Reproduction

Euonymus reproduction process can be done during transplantation, carefully separating the roots, or cuttings. In the second case, you need to plant a six-centimeter shoot in the ground.

No less good process of propagation by seeds. First you need to create an artificial wintering place by placing the seeds in coarse sand for three to four months at ten degrees Celsius.

Then you should clean the seeds and keep them at temperatures around zero for a couple of months. After that, the seeds are pickled in a manganese solution (five grams per liter).

The soil

Place for planting - soil made from two parts of humus and four leaf soil, as well as part of the sand mixture and turf soil. Euonymus is planted to a depth of no more and no less than two centimeters.

IMPORTANT: if you want to plant Euonymus grown from seeds outside, do this only three years after planting in the first soil.

A suitable soil should consist of a couple of parts sand, one part peat and six parts turf soil. A drainage layer of broken bricks is also needed.

Lighting

Bright lighting is required. If there is no way to pamper the bush natural light- use artificial. It should be hidden from direct sunlight only at the height of solar activity.

Temperature

The optimal summer temperature is about twenty-four degrees. It's not allowed in winter raise to ten, but also drop below six degrees No heat either.

Outdoor care

It is advisable to place the seedling in the ground in the spring. Acidic soil doesn't fit. It is desirable that the bottom layer of soil be drainage in the form of expanded clay, and the soil itself should be a mixture of sand, turf and leaf soil, as well as sand.

It is necessary to form a crown only during warm periods. If you want to create a hedge, create rectangular or other shapes only after the plant has reached the height you want.

Watering should be moderate. Strengthen the process during dry periods.

Care calendar

In spring, dry branches need to be removed. In April and May, Euonymus should be thoroughly fertilized using mineral fertilizer. Colloidal sulfur should be used as protection against pests in the spring.

In autumn, it is advisable to clearly form the crown. Euonymus In the fall it is recommended to feed with mineral fertilizers.

In winter, mulching of the soil is necessary. For this you need sawdust, dry leaves and peat. Sheltering Euonymus for the winter should only be done for young plants (up to three years old). Adult specimens do not need this.

Useful video

You can learn more about the features of caring for Euonymus in the video below:

Benefits and harms

Tinctures from the fruits and leaves of Euonymus have found application in folk medicine. Modern specialists in the field of pharmacology are afraid to use the component.

The reason for fear is high toxicity. The sap of the plant is poisonous, and it will have a negative effect even upon contact with skin.

Diseases and pests

Most often, euonymus suffers from three pests:

ATTENTION: To avoid other problems, provide the required care, that is, indulge in sunlight and avoid overhead watering.

Euonymus is a versatile plant. This shrub is suitable for decorating a room and for creating a composition in the garden. A hedge made from Euonymus looks great.

The main condition is to choose suitable look to get what you want.

If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.

Euonymus - description

Euonymus (lat. Euonymus)- a plant from the euonymus family, which includes about 190 plant species. Under natural conditions, some species reach a height of 6-7 m, but in indoor conditions the size of euonymus is much smaller. Representatives of the species can be both trees and shrubs; some are evergreen and some are deciduous.

Euonymus is a plant that grows well indoors and does not get sick after transplanting and pruning if done on time. They grow well in the shade, so apartments with windows facing north are not an obstacle to the development of the plant. First of all, at home, euonymus is grown as decorative foliage plants, and in cultivation the plant usually does not bloom, but it will please you with its crown and, depending on the variety, with the color of its leaves.

Euonymus is poisonous, but it is used in medicine, and almost all parts of the plant: seeds, bark, shoots and leaves. The plant has many properties, for example, expectorant, diuretic and anthelmintic. Gutta-percha is obtained from the roots and stems of the plant. In Europe it is Euonymus europaea and verrucosa. When growing euonymus indoors, the most common species is Japanese euonymus.

Planting and caring for euonymus (in brief)

• Bloom: in late spring or early summer.
• Lighting: bright sunlight in the morning or evening, the rest of the time – bright diffused light.
• Temperature: in spring and summer – 24-25 ºC, in autumn and winter – no higher than 10 ºC.
• Watering: during the growing season - abundantly, so that the soil gets wet through and dry out to half its depth between waterings. In autumn and winter, watering is reduced to moderate.
• Air humidity: In hot weather, it is recommended to spray the plant with warm water or wash it in the shower.
• Feeding: in spring and summer - once a month with complex mineral fertilizers; in autumn and winter there is no need to feed the euonymus.
• Rest period: from late autumn to early spring.
• Transfer: up to five years - annual, then replanting is carried out every two to three years as the pot is filled with roots.
• Substrate: 6 parts turf soil, 2 parts sand and 1 part peat. Or: 2 parts of turf soil and 1 part each of leaf soil, humus and peat.
• Reproduction: seeds, cuttings and division of rhizomes.
• Pests: aphids and spider mites.
• Diseases: problems may arise due to insufficient or excessive lighting, excessive watering and low air humidity levels in winter time.
• Properties: Euonymus fruits are poisonous!

Read more about growing euonymus below.

Euonymus – photo

Caring for euonymus at home

Lighting

Indoor euonymus needs bright light throughout the year, so not every species will grow well on the north side, although it will still grow. There should be a lot of lighting, even direct sunlight is allowed on the leaves of the plant, but it is advisable that this should only be in the evening and in the morning. Forms with variegated leaves may lose color when grown on the north side, so only bright rooms are suitable for them.

Temperature

An important point for euonymus, since in room conditions it is difficult to provide the plant with the usual temperature. In summer it is easier - preferably no higher than 24-25 °C. In winter, the temperature is reduced significantly, to 8-10 °C. If the euonymus winters at a higher temperature, then there is a high probability of leaves falling off. You can take it out to a heated balcony in winter, but you can’t bring it to too low temperatures.

Watering euonymus

Euonymus at home is watered with settled water (allowed to stand for 12-24 hours). During the period active growth(spring and summer) water generously so that the soil is well moistened, but between waterings the soil is allowed to dry halfway. In winter, it is very important not to allow water to stagnate in the pot, so water it less abundantly and carefully so that the soil does not become sour.

Spraying euonymus

Air humidity is not particularly important for growing euonymus, but in hot weather spraying will only bring benefits. In addition, this will reduce the likelihood of pest damage to the plant. Water for spraying is either filtered or boiled so that there is no residue left on the leaves. In summer, the plant can be given a warm shower, but the soil in the pot must be covered with a bag.

Feeding euonymus

Fertilization is necessary in spring and summer, and only once a month. Homemade euonymus is fed after watering; ordinary mineral complex fertilizers for ornamental foliage plants in normal concentrations are suitable.

Pruning and shaping euonymus

Cleaning pruning of euonymus is carried out throughout the year as the shoots dry out. Weak branches are also removed, which only take away the strength of the plant. In March, you can pinch out young shoots, which will enhance branching and contribute to the formation of a denser crown. The plant can be grown to suit your taste and given almost any shape. You can grow a plant as a bush when a large number of branches extend from the root - the more, the denser and more beautiful plant Euonymus turns out. It can also be grown as a standard tree - there is one trunk, bare below, and at the top there is a thick crown, which is obtained with correct and timely pruning and regular pinching, which awakens dormant buds, which in turn produce young shoots. If you try long and hard, you can grow a euonymus bonsai.

Euonymus transplant

Euonymus must be replanted annually into a larger pot until the age of five. From the age of five, transplants are carried out every two to three years, if there is a need for this, and the pot of the plant has become small. The soil for home euonymus is made up of turf soil (6 parts) and diluted with sand (2 parts) and peat (1 part). You can make another soil mixture - two parts of turf soil and one part each of peat, humus and leaf soil. A drainage layer of expanded clay or broken bricks must be poured onto the bottom of the pot - stagnation of water in the pot, especially in winter, can cause significant harm to the plant.

Reproduction of euonymus by division

During transplantation, indoor euonymus can be divided into several parts, if the roots allow this. It is necessary to divide the rhizome carefully so as not to break the roots. Each part of the plant is planted in a separate pot, and the euonymus is cared for as for an adult specimen.

Propagation of euonymus by cuttings

Home euonymus can be propagated by young shoots, which are cut in early to mid-summer. The cuttings should be young, not woody, up to 6 cm long and have 1-2 nodes. Take a shallow container, pour sand on the bottom, and on top of the sand - a mixture of two parts turf and one part each of humus and leaf soil, as well as sand. The cuttings should take root within two months. To do this, they are placed in a warm place, covered with glass, regularly sprayed and ventilated.

Indoor euonymus from seeds

Euonymus can also be propagated by seeds indoors, but this process is quite long. Seeds must be stratified before planting (create an artificial wintering area, which will lead to the shedding of the dense seed coat). This is done for 3-4 months at a temperature of about 10-12 °C in coarse sand. The second stage of stratification - the seeds are cleared of the opened peel, after which they are kept for 2-3 months at a temperature around zero, but not higher than 4 °C. After this, the seeds need to be pickled; potassium permanganate is best suited for this (5 g of potassium permanganate per 1 liter of water). The seeds are planted to a two-centimeter depth in a special substrate, which is made up of 4 parts of leaf soil, 2 parts of humus soil, and one part each of sand and turf soil. When growing euonymus in open ground, the plants are transplanted to a permanent place only in the third year, and before that, the sprouts are mulched every autumn and winter, and in the summer they are fertilized and watered. In indoor conditions, euonymus sprouts are replanted every year, enlarging the pot a little.

Toxicity of euonymus

Euonymuses are poisonous. More precisely, their fruits, but not so much that one cannot grow this plant. Children need to be explained that fruits cannot be eaten. An adult needs to eat quite a lot to become poisoned, so the greatest risk is for children and animals.

Diseases and pests of euonymus

The variegated leaves of the euonymus have turned green. In euonymus, like other plants, the reason is lack of lighting. The light should be bright, and you can even place it in direct sunlight for a short time.

The leaves of the euonymus turn yellow and fall off. The main and most common reason is overwatering. The next stage is root rotting. Adjust watering.

The tips of the euonymus leaves curl and dry. This is most likely due to excess light. The leaves may also become dull and pale.

The leaves of the euonymus are falling. The reason lies in elevated temperatures and insufficient air humidity in winter.

Pests of euonymus. The main guests are aphids. It is also affected by spider mites.

Types of euonymus

Japanese euonymus / Euonymus japonicus

Almost the only species that is grown indoors, the rest are grown in gardens and outdoors. Originally, as everyone can guess, from Japan. A shrub that, in indoor conditions, usually grows to a maximum of 1 m in height. The leaves reach 8 cm in length, are not pubescent, may be glossy on the upper side of the leaf, have an obovate shape, dark green color, leathery, the tip of the leaf may be rounded. Euonymus flowers are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences of 15-30 pieces, yellow-greenish in color, reaching 1 cm in length. Flowering begins with the arrival of summer.

Many forms of Japanese euonymus have been developed. In room conditions it is necessary to provide high humidity air in winter in rooms with central heating. It is better to grow in a room where there is no heat and the lighting is bright. The plant is quite shade-tolerant.

Euonymus verrucosus

Distributed in the temperate zone of Asia and Europe. Shrub or tree reaching a height of 2 m or 6 m respectively (when grown in natural conditions). Black-brown warts grow on green shoots. Blooms only in wild conditions in late spring or early summer. The fruit is a reddish-pink capsule that ripens in late summer or early autumn. The seeds are in a box of black color (can be gray), half of the seed is covered with a seedling (reddish or orange). This species is one of the most popular in culture (usually in open ground). Shade-tolerant, tolerates winter well, and is easy to care for. Grow individually or in groups.

European euonymus / Euonymus europaeus

As the name suggests, it is common in Europe. Usually a tree, it can grow as a bush, reaching a height of 6-7 m. Young shoots are green, but with age they become black, and corky growths form on the shoots. The leaves are ovoid in shape and can either widen towards the base or widen towards the apex; dense, leathery, not pubescent, dark green in color; they reach 10-11 cm in length. Euonymus blooms in late spring, early summer; flowers grow in several pieces in small inflorescences on short peduncles, light green in color, flowering lasts up to three weeks The fruit is a capsule with seeds covered with adnexa orange color, the fruits themselves are pink or light red, 4-leaf.

European euonymus tolerates both winter and drought and grows in urban environments. Suitable for formative pruning, can be used to create hedges, needs a lot of light. Decorative forms have been bred, which, unfortunately, are more whimsical than the wild relative.

Dwarf euonymus / Euonymus nanus

Grows in temperate zones of Asia and Europe. Species – evergreen perennial, shrub. The shoots are directed upward, grow up to 1 m in length, young ones are green, but over time they take on a gray tint, and are covered with warts. The leaves are lanceolate-shaped, narrow, up to 4 cm in length, light green on the upper side of the leaf blade and bluish on the lower side. The flowers are red or green, growing one or two or three flowers in an inflorescence on 2-centimeter peduncles. The fruit is a capsule with dark red seeds, which are half covered with an orange apex.

Euonymus is grown mainly in gardens and parks. The look is very decorative. Propagated by seeds, division, rooting of shoots, cuttings.

Winged euonymus / Euonymus alatus

Also known as sacred euonymus (Euonymus sacrosanctus). Far Eastern species, common in Korea, China and Japan. The shrub, growing up to 2-2.5 m in height, is highly branched. Sometimes it can be a tree, reaching a height of 4 m. The branches are tetrahedral, young are green, and adults are gray, winged. The leaves are dark green, ovoid in shape, but widening towards the top, glossy, dense, leathery to the touch. The flowers are collected in inflorescences of three, the flowers are small in size. The fruit is a capsule with seeds, deeply divided into 4 parts, and when ripe it becomes a rich red color.

The species grows slowly, when grown in culture it is more demanding on lighting - it needs bright light, but in nature it is shade-tolerant. They are grown both as a single plant and in groups of several.

Semenov's Euonymus / Euonymus semenovii

The representative of the genus is a creeping shrub, reaching a height of 1 m. The leaves are elongated-ovate (up to 6 cm in length and up to 2 cm in width), petiolate, yellow-green in color, leathery to the touch. The flowers are collected in small umbrella inflorescences at the top of the shoots; the flowers themselves are small, purple in color with green edges. The flowering period occurs at the beginning of summer, and the fruits ripen towards the end.

The species grows well both in the shade and in lighted areas and tolerates wintering well.

Fortune's Euonymus / Euonymus fortunei

A plant from China, which is now successfully grown in the temperate zone. Creeping shrub, ground cover. The shoots are long and take root easily. The leaves are dark green, glossy, up to 4 cm long, elliptical in shape with jagged edges, leathery. The color of the sheet may depend on the form produced. The flowers are small, white-green. The fruit is a capsule with seeds, small, flattened.

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