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Arabis – herbaceous perennial from the Brassica family, growing in the wild in different climatic zones of our planet: from the harsh northern regions to the tropical mountain slopes of Africa. In Russia, this plant received the name “rezuha”, associated with the hard pubescence of leaves and shoots, which can cut your hands if touched carelessly. Arabis – popular Vlandscape design plant, thanks to the combination of unpretentiousness with high decorativeness.

In gardens, Arabis is grown as an annual and perennial. The height of the plant is about 30 centimeters. Shoots are creeping, easily rooting. Arabis grows quickly and covers the soil with a dense canopy. Arabis leaves are fleshy, entire or heart-shaped, sometimes with carved edges, and pubescent.

Flowers with a diameter of 1.5 centimeters, white, pink, purple or yellowish, are collected in dense racemes. During the flowering period, Arabis exudes a delicate, pleasant aroma with sweet notes. At the end of flowering, the plant forms a pod-shaped fruit filled with flat seeds.

Popular varieties and types of plants with photographs

Arabis began to be grown in gardens and summer cottages 200 years ago and since then has not lost popularity among amateur flower growers and landscape designers. There are more than 120 varieties in the Arabis genus, and work on developing new varieties and species continues to this day.

The most common the following types:

Grows naturally in the Far East, Scandinavia, North America, Western Europe. Plant height 30 centimeters. Generative shoots are ascending, vegetative shoots are creeping, highly branched, and do not die off in winter. The flowers are white or pink. Flowering begins at the end of April and lasts until the end of May. Flowers are 2 centimeters in diameter.
Grows on the mountain slopes of Asia Minor and Crimea. Plant height 30 centimeters. The leaves are gray-green, oblong. Flowers are collected in racemose inflorescences. Blooms in June for 25-30 days. Varieties:

Schneehaube- White flowers.
Rosabella- pink flowers.
pink pearl– creamy pink flowers.
Hedy- purple flowers.
Snowflake- snow-white variety.

Arabis prolomnikov. A ground cover species that forms a dense cushion of creeping shoots no more than 10 centimeters high. The flowers are white. Prefers to grow among stones, on dry and poor soil.
The plant's homeland is California. The height of the shoots is about 8 centimeters, the leaves are greenish-gray. Varieties:

Fruhlingszauber– small, rounded leaves, pink flowers.
Rote Sensation– elongated leaves, bright pink flowers.

Arabis mossy. Fleshy leaves form dense cushions. The flowers are white on purple stalks.
Arabis running out. Distributed in eastern Europe. Plant height is 15-17 centimeters. The flowers are small cream, pink or lilac. Leaves are patterned.

Growing Arabis from seeds

Seed material for growing Arabis is widely available on sale, so any gardener can decorate his or her garden with this plant. country cottage area. Each gardener decides when to sow Arabis seeds independently. They can be sown directly into open ground in autumn or spring. Sowing takes place in mid-April. The bed with planted seeds is covered non-woven material to preserve moisture and heat.

Most rational way growing from seeds - sowing for seedlings. Arabis seeds germinate at temperatures not lower than +20 degrees. For sowing, prepare wide, shallow containers and fill them with loose substrate. Seeds need light to germinate, so they are not buried deep in the soil. The surface of the soil is slightly compacted, moistened and the seeds are distributed over it. The seeds are sprinkled with a layer of earth on top, no more than 5 mm. The container with the crops is covered with film and placed in a bright place.

The first shoots appear after 3-4 weeks. The covering is removed from the container, and then the seedlings are cared for as usual. After the formation of two true leaves, the seedlings are planted in separate pots or cups.

Planting Arabis in open ground

Arabis is an unpretentious plant, planting and caring for which is not difficult, but its cultivation requires certain conditions.

Arabis is an unpretentious plant to care for and grow.

Selecting a site for planting

Arabis is light-loving, so choose the most open areas for planting it. Only diffuse partial shade is acceptable. Arabis will not be able to grow in shady corners of the garden.

The soil in the selected area should be loose and well permeable to moisture. Over-watering of the root system causes it to rot. If the soil in the illuminated area of the garden is dense, coarse sand and a small amount of small stones are added to it before planting.

The ideal place for planting Arabis is slopes, hills or alpine hills. Planting in lowlands and crowded areas is absolutely contraindicated. melt water. Arabis is not picky about soil nutrition. It is quite capable of growing in poor soils and tolerates lack of moisture.

When selecting a site for Arabis, it is necessary to take into account its properties. In shaded places it quickly grows and elongates; in sunny places the bushes grow slowly, but bloom profusely.

Planting dates and technology

Before planting in open ground, Arabis seedlings are hardened

Plants are planted on permanent place cultivation in mid-May or early June, depending on weather conditions. For optimal growth, seedlings are placed at a distance of 40 centimeters from each other. For rapid growth of curtains, 3-4 seedlings can be planted in one hole at once.

Seedlings should be removed from planting containers as carefully as possible. To avoid damaging the roots. The pots are placed in water for a couple of minutes, and then the plant is removed along with a lump of earth. Arabis is placed in the hole along with a lump of earth.

Young plants that have not yet adapted to the cold are susceptible to frost, so in the event of a spring cold snap, Arabis should be covered with a non-woven covering material (Lutrasil, Spandex, Spandbond).

Plant care

Arabis needs periodic pruning and shaping

Caring for Arabis is quite simple:

Watering– moderate and even meager. The shoots that tightly cover the soil retain moisture, so Arabis does not need frequent watering. If it rains periodically in spring and summer, watering is stopped completely.
Loosening– after watering, the soil around the plant should be slightly loosened to allow oxygen to reach the roots.
Top dressing– during the growing season, Arabis needs one feeding in the spring. A mineral fertilizer complex is used for flowering plants.
Trimming– Arabis grows quickly and actively, so it is necessary to promptly limit its growth by removing excess shoots. During flowering, trim off faded buds and shoots escaping from the cushion.

Some Arabis varieties are prone to degeneration in the third year of cultivation. The center of the jacket begins to dry out, and the flowering shifts to the edges. Such plants need to be regularly rejuvenated by radical pruning.

Reproduction methods

Sowing seeds is the longest way to obtain flowering Arabis. Most often, the plant blooms only a year after sowing. For sowing, you can use seeds purchased or collected from your own Arabis specimens.

Seeds collected from double Arabis varieties will not give the desired results. At seed propagation In hybrids, the characteristics of the mother plant are not preserved.

Cuttings. Cuttings for rooting are prepared after flowering. Shoots with a heel are used, from which roots subsequently appear. Alternatively, you can use the tops of faded shoots, which also take root quickly. Cut cuttings are placed in wet soil, mixed with pitch and covered with plastic or glass. The shoots initially begin to lose turgor, but as soon as roots form, the leaves become elastic. At this time, the rooted cuttings can be transplanted to a permanent growing location.
Dividing the bush. The procedure can be carried out with plants aged 3-4 years, not earlier. Division is carried out at the end of summer or beginning of autumn, after flowering. The bush is dug up, the soil is shaken off the roots, and the rhizome is cut into several parts. One plant can be divided into 15-20 parts. Places of cuts are sprinkled wood ash and planted in prepared holes. In order for the plants to take root, after planting they are watered daily for 3-4 days.
Rooting cuttings. To obtain a new specimen of Arabis, take the outermost shoot, tear off the top from it and, bending it down, sprinkle it with soil. The cuttings will produce roots, and it can be separated from the mother plant, dug up and planted in a prepared place.

Pests and diseases of Arabis

The plant is resistant to most common diseases, but in some cases it is affected by viral mosaic. Lightened green or white spots appear on the leaves of the infected plant.

More Arabis is quite rare

The main protection against the virus is prevention: disinfection of the tool used for pruning. Fight against insects that carry the virus. If the bushes are infected with a virus, it will no longer be possible to save them, and then the arabis is uprooted and burned, the planting site is treated or spilled with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.

When the soil becomes waterlogged, the plant develops root rot. In this case, the shoots begin to wither and dry out. Arabis needs to be dug up, rotten roots removed, and the soil in the hole replaced. The roots must be washed with a pink solution of potassium permanganate or Fitosporin and planted in the prepared hole.

Of the insect pests, Arabis often attacks cruciferous flea beetle. Sprinkling with wood ash can protect the plant from it. The treatment is carried out early in the morning, when there is dew on the leaves, or after watering. If there are a lot of insects, Arabis is sprayed with an insecticide.

Seed collection and care after flowering

Seeds should be stored in paper bags

To preserve the decorative appearance of the Arabis plant, faded buds are removed during flowering. But if you plan to collect seeds, some of the flowers are saved to form seed pods. Without waiting for the seeds to dry, the shoots on which they formed are cut off and placed in paper bags.

All faded shoots are cut to a third of their length. Such radical pruning is a guarantee abundant flowering arabis on next year. After pruning, the soil around the plant is mulched with humus.

Preparing for winter

Arabis can overwinter in open ground. After the onset of cold weather, the stems are cut flush with the soil. Without shelter, the plant can tolerate frosts down to minus 5-7 degrees. To protect the Arabis rhizome from more low temperatures, the plantings are covered with dry leaves, mown grass, and then spruce branches.

Arabis in landscape design and in combination with other plants

High decorative qualities Arabis flowers allow it to be widely used in decorating garden plots. The plant fits perfectly into various compositions in the garden and looks impressive against the background of stones. On an alpine hill, arabis is combined with rocky, low-growing borer.

Arabis is recommended to be planted together with alyssium. Low-growing species serve as a background in the rose garden, and also cover the areas between the stones on alpine roller coaster, used to decorate borders and rocky walls. Arabis is indispensable for decorating voids between large perennials in a flower bed.

You can get acquainted with the features of planting and care in the proposed video clip. Enjoy watching!

Family: brassicas (Brassicáceae), formerly cruciferous (Cruciferae).

Homeland: Europe and Siberia.

Form: perennial herbaceous plant.

Description

Arabis (rezuha) is a perennial herbaceous ground cover plant. The height of the peduncle is up to 30 cm. The stems are climbing, creeping, and rooting. The leaves are entire, toothed, densely pubescent, silvery-white. The basal leaves are often collected in a rosette. Arabis flowers are white, pink, lilac, red (depending on the type and variety), simple or double, small (up to 1.5 cm in diameter), collected in dense umbrella-shaped racemes. Rezuha blooms very profusely, early (from April) and for a long time (up to 8 weeks in cool spring). During the flowering period, Arabis grows very strongly. The fruit is a pod.

Arabis is a honey plant.

In total, about 120 species of Arabis are known.

(A. alpina, or A. flaviflora). In its natural environment it grows in the Polar Urals, the Far East, Northern Scandinavia, and highlands. Western Europe and North America. Alpine Arabis is a tall species, can reach 35 cm in height. The stems are strongly branched, pressed to the ground. They form cushion-shaped. Oval basal leaves form beautiful, very dense rosettes. The Arabis flower is painted in white or pink tones, diameter is 1 cm. It blooms in April - May for 25-30 days.

Arabis Arends (A. x arendsii). Garden hybrid of rhea and Caucasian rhea (A. aubrietioides x A. caucasica). Height 10-20 cm. The leaves of the basal rosette are grayish-green, densely pubescent, elongated, heart-shaped. The flowers are white, 1 cm in diameter. Blooms for a month.

Arabis tower (A. turrita). Height from 6 to 40 cm. The stem is erect (less often branched), pubescent. The basal leaves form a rosette. The color of the flower is whitish.

(A. bryoides). Homeland - Balkans, alpine and subalpine mountain belt. Low-growing Arabis, height 5-10 cm. The stems form a cushion-shaped curtain. Oval leaves with sharp ends are collected in a rosette. The color of the flower is white.

Arabis towering, or arabis protruding, or arabis running out (A. procurrens). Homeland - Balkans. Height 10-12 cm. The stems form very dense, rapidly growing cushion-shaped curtains. Rosettes of basal leaves are small. The flowers are very small, white. Blooms in early April - May.

Arabis Caucasian , or arabis whitish (A. caucasica, or A. albida). According to some botanists, Caucasian rezuha is a variety of alpine rezuha. In its natural environment it grows in the Caucasus, Crimea, the mountains of Central Asia, the Mediterranean, and the mountains of Asia Minor. Height up to 30 cm. Caucasian Arabis differs from Alpine Arabis in having more pubescent leaves. The leaves of the basal rosette are small, oblong, gray-green, whitish due to pubescence, coarsely toothed along the edge. Caucasian Arabis grows very quickly. The flowers are white. Diameter 1.5 cm. Blooms in May-June, very profusely. Caucasian Arabis has numerous garden varieties.

Arabis lowgrowing (A. pumila). Homeland - Alps, Apennines. Height 5-15 cm. The stems form very thick curtains. The flowers are white. Blooms in May-June.

Arabis prolomnikov (A. androsacea). In its natural environment it grows in the rocky mountains of Turkey at an altitude of 900-2300 m. Stunted look, height 5-10 cm. Leaves are small oval with sharp ends. The flowers are small and white. Blooms in summer.

(A. blepharophylla). In its natural environment it grows in the mountains of California at an altitude of 500 m. It is a low-growing species, up to 8 cm in height. The basal leaves are gray-green. The color of the flowers is dark pink.

Arabis of Ferdinand of Coburg (A. ferdinandi-coburgi). Homeland - Bulgaria. Height up to 15 cm. Stems are very thin. The leaves are lanceolate, bright green or pigmented. They can be either regular or assembled into sockets. The color of the flowers is white. Blooms in late spring. It differs from other species by a significantly lower growth rate.

Growing conditions

The optimal conditions for growing Arabis are an open sunny place with light, nutritious soil. Partial shade is acceptable, but in a sunny place, the rezuha becomes more compact and blooms much more luxuriantly.

Alpine Arabis is frost-resistant.

Arabis bruoid requires poor, highly calcified soils.

Arabis towering is extremely unpretentious.

Application

The low groundcover Arabis looks great in and in the foreground. Rezuha is perfect for (as a) rocky slides and dry installations. Double-shaped Arabis flowers are used for spring bouquets.

Arabis is irreplaceable if short term A large area of the site needs to be landscaped.

Arabis towering is especially good for strengthening slopes.

Care

Rezuha grows very quickly and can easily choke out neighboring plants. Regular trimming of shoots allows you to avoid this problem and maintain the shape of the bush. In addition, thanks to this procedure, the Arabis blooms much better next year. To prolong flowering throughout the season, it is recommended to prune faded Arabis flowers.

In winters with little snow, the rezuha requires additional shelter. It is necessary to ensure that the soil on which the rezuha is planted, especially in the spring, is well drained, otherwise the plant risks dying from stagnant water. winter waters. If the snow melts too early in the spring, the arabis should be covered so that the shoots do not dry out.

Reproduction

Simple forms of arabis are propagated by seeds (in spring or before winter), double ones - by dividing the bush (in August - early September) and by cuttings (in the second half of May), since they do not produce seeds.

Alpine rhizome (terry form) reaches the optimal age for division at 4 years, when each bush can be successfully divided into 15-20 independent daughter plants.

Diseases and pests

Arabis (rezucha) is practically not susceptible to diseases and pest attacks.

Popular varieties and forms

Varieties and forms of Arabis alpine

'Flore Pleno'- a tall variety (up to 35 cm), the shape of the flowers is double, the color of the flowers is pink. The flowers and inflorescences are large. It blooms very profusely.
'Schneehaube'- Arabis is of medium height (height 10-25 cm), the shape of the flowers is double, the color of the flowers is white.

Varieties and forms of Arabis Arendis

‘Atrorosea’- a variety with large pink flowers.
'Coccinea'- Arabis with purple-pink large flowers.
'Rosabella'- a variety with light pink large flowers.
‘Variegata’- a variety characterized by leaf color: gray-green with a creamy-white-yellowish border.

Varieties and forms of Caucasian Arabis

‘Compacta Snow Cap’ — low-growing variety. The shoots are recumbent, strongly branched. The color of the flowers is white.
'Flore Pleno'- Rezuha with flowers of double shape and pink color.
‘Grandiflora Rosea’— Arabis “grandiflora” is different pink color flowers.
'Hedi'- arabis of medium height, height 15 cm. The color of the flowers is pink. Unpretentious, frost-resistant.
'Pink Frost'- variety with pink flowers.
'Rosabella'- variety with pink flowers.
'Schneehaube'- Rezuha with flowers of double shape and white color.
‘Variegata’- a variety characterized by leaf color: gray-green with a creamy-white-yellowish border. The flowers are white.

Varieties and forms of Arabis cilifolia

‘Fruhlingszauber’- tall variety (up to 20 cm tall), small leaves, pink flowers.
‘Rote Sensation’- tall variety (up to 20 cm tall), elongated leaves, bright pink flower color.

Varieties and forms of Arabis by Ferdinand of Coburg

‘Variegata’- a variety with very decorative, light green leaves with a white or pinkish border. The color of the flowers is white.

Arabis belongs to the group of perennials, representing the cruciferous family. Natural environment Its habitats are mountains and rocky slopes. Most often, this picturesque carpet can be found in the mountains of Europe, North America and Asian countries.

Interest in this plant is quite high, however, not all novice gardeners are familiar with the peculiarities of its cultivation and care, which often prevents the plant from demonstrating all its decorative properties.

Arabis: description and varieties

This ground cover plant, known as rezuha, belongs to the group of medium-sized ones and reaches a height of 30 cm. Therefore, it is often used when decorating a wide variety of objects available on garden plot - arboretum, rock garden and rock garden.

This plant looks unusual thanks to the amazing combination of bright emerald foliage and pinkish, cream, lilac and snow-white inflorescences, which are the main decoration of Arabis.

This plant is surprising in that it retains its evergreen color at any temperature and climatic conditions. If there is snow cover, Arabis feels good even in severe winter frosts.

It is no coincidence that this plant bears this name, because it received it because of its unusual properties. In nature, there are varieties whose leaves have coarse hairs that can easily injure your hands.

For many this mountain plant known as " sunny bunny " This name looks much more euphonious and at the same time is perfect for thinning the pleasant aroma of a flower carpet.

Varieties of the Arabis plant

On this moment Through the efforts of breeders, it was possible to create about 200 species of this plant, among which more than a hundred - hybrid species , with pronounced decorative properties, making them very popular among gardeners.

Of greatest interest among them are two types of Arabis:

Caucasian;
Alpine.

Caucasian Arabis

The main feature of the mountain variety of the plant is the presence of very powerful root system. It is thanks to her that the Caucasian Arabis grows well in the mountains, where its roots find a place to take root inside crevices.

The bushes, decorated with emerald greenery, are quite low-growing and have a height of no more than 15 cm. As a rule, they expand in length to 30-40 cm. Arabis begins to bloom in May, when stable warm weather sets in.

During this period, you can feel the most delicate aroma and also enjoy miniature pink and white flowers. Caucasian Arabis is presented in wild as well as cultivated forms, which can often be found both on personal plots, and in greenhouses.

Arabis alpine

This species is also able to amaze any experienced gardener. It attracts attention with its extraordinary aroma, as well as its presence on the bush. large quantity white and pink tassels.

It usually blooms already in mid-April. It can often be found under mountain cracks and between rocks, where it gets along quite easily. Adult specimens can grow up to 18−20 cm.

The Arabis varieties discussed above are not the only ones; besides them, there are many other varieties that deserve attention.

This list can include the following varieties: mossy arabis, running (grows in the Balkans), ciliate, prolomnifolia and other equally colorful mountain plants.

The first flowers bloom in May, and quite a lot of them are formed, but this picture does not take long to observe - only 20-30 days.

Racemose inflorescences, which bring unforgettable pleasure, are represented by a large number single and double flowers having a lemon, lilac or pinkish color. After flowering, Arabis begins to bear fruit, forming pods containing brown seeds.

Planting Arabis seeds in open ground

Usually, when looking for alpine rhizome seeds, many gardeners do it very simply and turn to flower shops. However, before purchasing seed, you need to know when is the best time to sow.

Despite the great availability of this method, it allows you to achieve minimal costs high results. As a result, you will have to water the plants less often without thinking about creating drainage.

Under such conditions, seeds not only germinate earlier, but also bloom faster. You can understand that seedlings can be transplanted to a permanent place by the appearance of their first two or three leaves.

So that the Arabis bushes can grow to their size maximum dimensions, when planting they need to be placed no closer than 40 cm from each other. Perhaps someone would like to get a picturesque floral carpet made of arabis. In this case, three or four plants must be planted in one hole.

However, you will have to be patient, since Arabis will begin to bloom only next year. Although, if you are impatient to find out what the seedlings you planted will look like, you can select special varieties in advance that will bloom at the end of summer.

Once you have mature Arabis bushes, you can use them for propagation. For this you will need cuttings. Therefore, if you prune bushes, you should not throw away the cut branches.

Plant care

For normal development, rezuha requires moderate watering. Typically, plants need moisture only during periods of drought. Although Arabis can grow in soil of any composition, it will feel better if you loosen the soil regularly.

To ensure that after sowing the plants begin to grow as quickly as possible, forming new leaves, during planting you should use mixtures of soil and sand. Then within two to three months you will be amazed by the vigorous flowering and unforgettable aroma.

Arabis is unpretentious plant and in the sense that he is not afraid of many diseases and pests. And this should not be surprising, given that he feels comfortable not only in the garden, but also in mountain crevices.

Accustomed to growing in the mountains, Alpine Arabis also demonstrates unpretentiousness in the garden, not requiring much attention.

However, if you want to achieve greater expressiveness and richness from it, then preferably throughout the summer season fertilize using special mineral fertilizers. Moreover, for the first time they can be applied to the soil after planting.

Arabis propagation

The method of propagation by sowing seeds is often practiced among most gardeners. However, for its terry varieties it is allowed to use alternative methods- propagation by cuttings or dividing the bush.

Rooting occurs quite quickly, usually taking no more than 3 weeks. Over the summer, he develops a well-developed root system, so you can look for a permanent place for it in the fall.

Arabis is popular among gardeners not only because of its beautiful flowers. This is one of the most unpretentious plants to grow, which are often used for decoration. various elements garden plot.

Considering that under natural conditions Arabis grows in mountain crevices, even a novice gardener will not experience problems when growing arabis in his garden plot.

Particular attention must be paid to sowing, since it is at this stage that future plants are formed. But in the future he will not demand a lot of attention, because Arabis can easily do without frequent feeding and watering.